Ahluwalia Misl

AwhlUvwlIAw imsl

j`sw isMG (pu`qr BweI bdr isMG qy poqrw BweI gopwl) ies imsl dw moFI sI[ (kuJ lyKk AwhlU ipMf dy s`dw isMG nUM ies imsl dw moFI mMndy hn[ AwhlU ipMf pwiksqwn dy izlHw lwhOr ivc lwhOr Sihr qoN 25, kwhnw ipMf qoN 5 qy gurU mWgt qoN qkrIbn 2 iklomItr dUr hY)[ j`sw isMG ny AwpxI aumr dy muFly kuJ swl mwqw suMdr kOr dI ih&wzq ivc id`lI ivc ibqwey sn[ mgroN 1729 ivc nvwb kpUr isMG aus ƒ Awpxy nwl lY AwieAw sI[ rqn isMG BMgU muqwibk mwqw suMdr kOr iek vwr AMimRqsr AweI sI qy auh j`sw isMG nUM Awp kpUr isMG nUM sONp geI sI[ ies mOky ‘qy mwqw ny drbwr swihb ivc kIrqn vI kIqw sI qy auh vI, iek nhIN, keI vwr kIqw sI[ (rqn isMG BMgU, 1939 dI AYfISn, s&w 204)[ (2003 ivc drbwr swihb ivc bIbIAW dy kIrqn rokx vwly, bRwhmxvwdI soc vwly, cODrIAW ny nw qW kdy is`K qvwrI^ pVHI hY qy nw hI is`K i&lws&I)[

iek hor irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG dw mwmw bwG isMG aus nUM id`lI qoN lY AwieAw sI[ audoN j`sw isMG dI aumr 7 swl sI[ iek vwr (nvwb) kpUr isMG bwG isMG nUM imlx igAw[ ies mOky ’qy kpUr isMG ny bwG isMG nUM ikhw ik auh j`sw isMG nUM aus dI sONpxw ivc dy dyvy[ ies vyly j`sw isMG dI aumr 13 swl dI sI[ kpUr isMG ny j`sw isMG nUM Awpxy pu`qr vWg pwilAw[

kuJ swlW mgroN j`sw isMG ny Awpxw vKrw j`Qw bxw ilAw qy muZlW dy i^lw& jMg ivc vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYx lg ipAw[ 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy j`sw isMG ny gurIlw lVweIAW rwhIN aus nUM cYn nw lYx id`qw[ nwdr Swh dy jwx mgroN j`sw isMG ny rwvI dirAw dy kMFy f`lyvwl ivc iek iklHw bxieAw[ 1743 ivc aus ny eymnwbwd qoN lwhOr jWdy SwhI ^zwny nUM lu`t ky GoVy qy hiQAwrW dw BMfwr jmHw kr ilAw[ 29 mwrc 1748 nUM jd swry is`K j`iQAW nUM dl Kwlsw dy nW hyT 11 imslW ivc jQybMd kIqw igAw qW aus nUM AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dw muKI bxwieAw igAw[ 1753 ivc is`K &OjW (dl Kwlsw) dy jQydwr nvwb kpUr isMG dI mOq mgroN j`sw isMG 30 swl (1753 qoN 1783 qk) dl Kwlsw dw muKI irhw sI[

ies imsl ny sB qoN pihlw kbzw &qihbwd ’qy 1755 ivc kIqw ijs nUM ies ny 1758 ivc imsl dw hYfkuAwrtr bxwieAw[ 1757 ivc aus ny jlMDr dy A&Zwn hwkm nUM hrwieAw[ 1758 ivc ies ny lwhOr ’qy pihlI vwrI kbzw kIqw sI (mgroN ieh AYkSn 1761 ivc vI duhrwieAw igAw sI)[

1759 ivc aus ny kWgVy dy rwjy nUM hrw ky nzrwnw lYxw SurU kIqw[ 1763 ivc nwlwgVH qy iblwspur ny vI aus nUM nzrwnw dyxw SurU kIqw[ ies qoN CyqI mgroN hI aus ny jlwlpur, goieMdvwl, buqwlw, qrnqwrn, qy KfUr vI ij`q ley[ ies qoN bwAd aus ny nfwlw, imAwxI, bygovwl vI ij`qy[ aus ny 1771 ivc rweykot vI ij`q ilAw[ 1772 ivc ies ny kpUrQlw vI ij`q ilAw qy 1780 ivc aus ny ies Sihr nUM imsl dI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw[ sulqwnpur loDI vI aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ j`sw isMG ny PgvwVw qy tWfw auVmuV dy hwkmW qoN vI nzrwnw ilAw[ aus ny sqluj pwr kr ky eIsVU qy kot eIsw ^wn vI ij`q ley[ j`sw isMG ny 1761 ivc lwhOr ’qy kbzw kIqw pr auh auQy TihirAw nhIN sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dy ku`p rhIV dy (v`fy) G`lUGwry ivc aus ny kOm nUM Swndwr AgvweI id`qI[ ies idn aus nUM 22 z^m l`gy[ 1764 ivc srhMd dy zYn ^wn nUM hrwaux vyly vI aus ny AgvweI kIqI sI[ ksUr ’qy hmly ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ aus dI izMdgI dw Aw^rI Aihm AYkSn 11 mwrc 1783 dy idn id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy guru goibMd isMG jI dw nIlw inSwn swihb Julwauxw sI[

22 AkqUbr 1783 dy idn j`sw isMG dI mOq ho geI[ aus dIAW do DIAW sn qy pu`qr koeI nhIN sI, ies kr ky aus qoN mgroN aus dw BqIjw Bwg isMG (1735-1801) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw[

Bwg isMG ny j`sw isMG dy rwj ivc koeI vwDw nhIN kIqw[ aus dw sB qoN v`fw nukswn j`sw isMG dy lwey dIvwn bUVHw m`l ny kIqw, ijs ny do vwr bZwvq vI kIqI[ ieM\ hI aus dw JgVw rwmgVHIAw qy hor imslW nwl cldw rihMdw sI[

1801 ivc Bwg isMG dI mOq ho geI qy aus qoN bwAd &qih isMG (1789-1837) ies imsl dw muKI bixAw[ &qih isMG Aqy (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG Awps ivc dosqW vWg rihMdy rhy sn[ 1802 ivc &qih isMG ny rxjIq isMG dy kTUAw, nOSihrw Aqy mgroN 1803 ivc sujwnpur qy 1804 ivc ksUr ’qy hmly ivc aus dw swQ idqw sI[ 1804 ivc jd rxjIq isMG ny AMimRqsr ’qy kbzw kIqw qW vI &qih isMG aus dy nwl sI[ 1807 ivc aus ny rxjIq isMG v`loN JMg Aqy isAwlkot ’qy hmly ivc pUrw swQ id`qw[ 1809 ivc aus ny rxjIq isMG nwl iml ky kWgVw ’qy hmlw kIqw[ 1811 ivc aus ny buD isMG qoN jlMDr Kohx ivc rxjIq isMG dw swQ id`qw[ iesy swl aus ny rxjIq isMG dI mMfI, ku`lU qy 1813 ivc hzwrw dI muihMm ivc vI swQ id`qw[ 1818-19 ivc rxjIq isMG dI mulqwn muihMm ivc vI auh Swiml sI[ jd rxjIq isMG ny 1818 ivc kWgVw qy dobwrw hmlw kIqw qW vI &qih isMG aus dy nwl sI[ 1819 ivc kSmIr muihMm ivc vI aus ny rxjIq isMG dw pUrw swQ idqw[ rxjIq isMG ny ies swry bdly &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ƒ sqluj pwrly dwKw Aqy qlvMfI dy ielwky dy idqy[

1825 ivc aus dy vzIr kwdr b^S ny aus ivc qy rxjIq isMG ivc Axbx krvw id`qI[ (Aihmd Swh btwlIAw, s&w 28)[ ies ’qy 27 dsMbr 1825 nUM &qih isMG sqluj dirAw pwr kr ky Awpxy dUjy ielwky vl clw igAw (sqluj pwr aus kol 454 ipMf sn)[ aus dy ip`CoN rxjIq isMG ny aus dy ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ 1827 ivc rxjIq isMG ny aus ƒ s`cI dosqI dw XkIn idvwieAw qy vwips bulw ilAw[ 20 AkqUbr 1837 dy idn aus dI mOq ho geI[

aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr inhwl isMG (10.3.1817- 13.9.1852) muKI bixAw[ inhwl isMG dw Awpxy Brw Amr isMG nwl g`dI dw JgVw kuJ icr cldw irhw jo iek vwr vkqI qOr ’qy h`l qW ho igAw pr aus nUM suK dw swh Amr isMG dI Acwxk hoeI mOq mgroN hI AwieAw[ inhwl isMG iek kmzor rwjw sI (gir&n, s&w 503)[ aus dy b`cy A`XwSI ivc pY ky qbwh ho gey[ (^ws kr ky aus dI DI goibMd kOr ny qW bdie^lwkI dI h`d hI pwr kr id`qI qy iek ispwhI nwl B`j geI qy A^Ir bVI burI mOqy mrI)[ inhwl isMG ny AMgryzW qy lwhOr srkwr dI pihlI lVweI (dsMbr 1845- &rvrI 1846) ivc AMgrzW dy i^lw& ih`sw ilAw[ pr dUjI lVweI (1848-49) ivc auh AMgryzW dy nwl sI[ (AlI-aud-dIn mu&qI, ijld pihlI, s&y 499-500)[

1852 ivc inhwl isMG dI mOq qoN bwd rxDIr isMG (mwrc 1831-2.4.1870) kpUrQlw dw rwjw bixAw[ 1857 dy Zdr ivc aus ny AMgryzW dw swQ id`qw[ AMgryzW ny ies bdly aus nUM ‘&rzMd idlbMd’ dw i^qwb id`qw[ ies mgroN vI auh AMgryzW dw pUrw v&wdwr irhw[ 17 AkqUbr 1864 dy idn aus nUM ‘stwr Aw& ieMfIAw’ dw i^qwb imilAw[ mwrc 1870 ivc auh ieMglYNf jwx vwsqy bMbeI qoN jhwz ivc rvwnw hoieAw[ rwh ivc Adn ivc aus dI mOq ho geI[

aus dI mOq mgroN 20 swl dy KVk isMG (1850-5.9.1877) ny hkUmq sMBwlI[ aus ny s`q swl hkUmq kIqI[ 1877 ivc jgqjIq isMG (17.11. 1872-19.6.1949) rwjw bixAw[ aus ny 1948 ivc pYpsU dI kwiemI mgroN hkUmq guAw leI[ ies

pirvwr dy kuMvr ibkrm isMG (ijs dy nW ‘qy jlMDr ivc muh`lw ibkrm purw bixAw hoieAw hY) ny isMG sBw lihr ivc bVw v`fw rol Adw kIqw sI[

ies imsl dI iek SwK jgrwEN Aqy mOjUdw hirAwxw dy bVog, PqihgVH qy nwrwiexgVH ’qy vI kwbz sI[ do lK swlwnw dI Awmdn vwly ies ielwky ivcoN j`sw isMG ny imrjw isMG sulqwnivMf ƒ &qihgVH, hkUmq isMG ƒ BVog Aqy dsONdw isMG ƒ nrYxgVH sONp idqw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)