Aurangzeb Mughal emperor

AOrMgzyb

muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn dw qIjw pu`qr, jo ArjumMd bwno (mumqwj mihl) dy audr qoN pYdw hoieAw sI[ AOrMgzyb (3.11.1618 – 20.2.1707, grYgorIAn kYlMfr muqwibk 3.3.1707) dw Asl nW AbU z&r sI[ jd Swhjhwn ny Awpxy ipqw jhWgIr dy i^lw& bZwvq kIqI sI qW aus ny AOrMgzyb Aqy dwrw iSkoh nUM Awpxy mihl ivc zmwnq dy qOr „qy nzrbMd r`iKAw sI[ jhWgIr dI mOq mgroN Swh jhwn ny q^q ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ aus ny Awpxy cwrW pu`qrW nUM sUbydwrIAW id`qIAW hoeIAW sn[ AOrMgzyb d`Kx dw sUbydwr sI[ Swhjhwn 1657 ivc bImwr pY igAw[ aus ny Awpxw vwirs dwrw iSkoh nUM AYlwinAw[ auDr Swhjhwn dy pu`qr Swh Sujwh ny bZwvq kr id`qI pr aus nUM dbw ilAw igAw[AOrMgzyb ny Swh jhwn dy dUjy pu`qr qy murwd b^S nUM cwlwkI nwl Awpxw swQI bxw ilAw[ ies mgroN Swh jhwn ny dwrw iSkoh dI AgvweI ivc AOrMgzyb qy murwd b^S dy i^lw& &Oj ByjI[aus ny ies &Oj nUM ApRYl 1658 ivc hrw id`qw[ ies hwr mgroN meI 1658 ivc SwmUgVH ivc iek hor lVweI hoeI AOrMgzyb nUM ij`q hwisl hoeI qy dwr iSkoh hwr ky pMjwb v`l B`j igAw[ hux ArMgzyb ny Awpxy bwp nUM Awgrw dy iklHy ivc kYd kr ky q^q ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw[ mgroN aus ny dwrw iSkoh nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw qy kYd ivc 30 Agsq 1659 (grYgorIAn kYlMfr muqwibk 9 sqMbr 1659) dy idn mwr id`qw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny Aw^rI bcy Brw qy Awpxy swQI murwd b^S nUM vI DoKy nwl Srwb ipAw ky qy kYd kr ky 14 dsMbr 1661 dy idn mwr id`qw[ AOrMgzyb dI hkUmq 32 l`K vrg iklomItr dy ielwky ‟qy sI[ aus dI srkwr dI kul Awmdn (lgwn Aqy vsUlIAW sxy) 287 kroV 94 l`K rupY sI[ aus ny „muhIaudIn‟* (dIn nUM izMdw krn vwlw) Aqy „AwlmgIr‟ (dunIAW ij`qx vwlw) vrgy i^qwb hwisl kIqy {*Sy^ Abdul kwdr jIlwnI dI ieh pdvI sI}. mrn qo kuJ smW pihlW AOrMgzyb ny Awpxy ienkSw& ivc iliKAw: “mYnUM nhIN pqw ik mYN kOx hW Aqy pqw nhIN ik mYN ik`Qy jwvWgw, Aqy ies gunwhW nwl Bry hoey gunwhgwr nwl kI hovygw…”.

AOrMgzyb dI S^sIAq: Awpxy Awp nUM „AwlmgIr‟ AKvwaux vwlw, Awpxy BrwvW nUM kql krvwaux Aqy bwp nUM kYd ivc r~K ky mwrn vwlw AOrMgzyb izhnI bImwr (pervert) sI[ aus dI sMgIq nwl n&rq, snkI qbIAq, idKwvy dI SrA Aqy Dwrimk k~tVqw qoN jwpdw hY ik auh izhnI qOr ‟qy kw&I h`d qk bImwr sI[ dMB, idKwvw, n&rq, gu~sw, Aihswn-&rwmoSI, vwAdy qoN mukrnw, zulm krnw, jzbwqI qy snkI &Ysly krnw vI aus dI ies izhnI bImwrI dI pYdwvwr sn[ ZYr-muslmwnW nwl n&rq dw aus nUM SYdwA sI[ aus ny ihMdUAW dy sYNkVy mMdr, ijnHW ivc (audoN dy) l~KW rupY ^rc ky bxwey v~fy v~fy mMdr vI Swiml sn, Fwh idqy sn[ ienHW ivc mQrw dy kySvrwE mMdr (1666 ivc), bnwrs dw ivSvnwQ mMdr (1669 ivc), mQrw dw gopInwQ mMdr (1669 ivc), aujYn, knOj, Ajmyr qy bMgwl dy keI mMdr vI Swiml sn[ AOrMgzyb ny hkUmq sMBwlx dy nwl hI 1659 ivc hI hukm jwrI kr idqy sn ik ihMdUAW nMU koeI nvW mMdr bxwaux dI iejwzq nhIN hovygI[ ies hukm muqwibk pihlW bxy mMdr kwiem rihx dI iejwzq sI[ pr g`dI sMBwlx qoN 6 swl mgroN aus ny Awpxw ieh hukm vI bdl idqw qy swry purwxy v`fy mMdr Fwhux dy hukm jwrI kr idqy[ hYrwnI dI g`l qW ieh hY ik ijnHW SihrW ivc mMdr Fwhy gey, aunHW ivcoN bhuiqAW dy sUbydwr jW &Ojdwr jW koqvwl ihMdU rwjpUq sn[

jnvrI 1679 ivc aus ny audYpur dw mMdr FwihAw; hwlWik audYpur iek ihMdU-rwjpUq irAwsq sI[ 8 mwrc nUM KMfylw, swnymylw qy Awly-duAwly dy mMdr Aqy 25 meI 1679 nUM joDpur dy mMdr Fwh id`qy qy ies dIAW mUrqIAW qoV ky jwmw msijd dIAW pOVIAW hyTW pYrW hyT ilqwVn vwsqy rK id`qIAW[ joDpur vI iek v`fI ihMdU-rwjpUq irAwsq sI[ pihlW jnvrI 1670 ivc mQrw ivc nr isMh buMdylw dw bxwieAw iek bVw v`fw mMdr vI Fwh id`qw sI qy mQrw dw nW bdl ky „ieslwmwbwd‟ r`K id`qw sI[ ies vyly mQrw dw &Ojdwr ihMdU rwjpUq sI[ 10 Agsq 1680 dy idn bnyr dy 66 mMdrW nUM Fwhux dI ^br bwdSwh nUM id`qI geI sI[ ieQoN pqw lgdw hY ik rwjpUq rwjy qy &Ojdwr eyny nwmrd qy byZYrq sn ik auh Awpxy rwj ivc mMdr Fwhy jwx dy i^lw& vI Awvwz qk auTwaux dI jur`Aq nhIN sn rKdy[ (ienHW swrIAW GtnwvW dw izkr „mAwisir-ie-AwlmgIrI‟ ivc (pMjwbI XUnIvristI dI pMjwbI ivc qrjmw hoeI AYfISn) s&y 80, 156, 158, 169, 176 „qy imldw hY)[

AOrMgzyb ny qW ihMdUAW qy jzIAw vI lwgU kr idqw sI qy cuMgI dI dr muslmwnW qoN dugxI kr idqI sI[ AOrMgzyb ny is`KW dIAW DrmswlwvW Fwhux dw hukm vI jwrI kIqw sI qy bUVIAw ksby dI Drmswlw Fwh vI idqI sI (pr AOrMgzyb dy ijaUNidAW hI, is`KW ny jldI hI ies nMU dubwrw auswr ilAw sI)[

dUjy pwsy AOrMgzyb ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nwl „dosqI‟ bxwaux dI pUrI koiSS kIqI sI[ aus ny qW iSvwjI dy pu`qr sMBwjI nUM julweI 1675 ivc „Cy hzwrI Cy hzwr svwr‟ dw mnsb vI id`qw sI qy nwl hI eInwm vjoN A`sI hzwr dwm, JMfw qy ngwrw vI b^iSS kIqy sn[ (swkI musqAwd ^wn, „mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, pMjwbI AYfISn, s&w 124)[ auN\ pihlW iSvwjI mrh`tw dw juAweI nyqU Kqnw krvw ky muslmwn bx igAw sI qy aus nUM nvW nW kulI ^wn id`qw igAw sI qy nwl hI „iqMn hzwrI do hzwr‟ dw mnsb vI id`qw igAw sI („mAwisir AwlmgIrI‟, s&w 80)[ ieh v`KrI g`l hY ik AOrMgzyb dI iSvwjI nwl pUrI ieksurqw nw bx skI[ iSvwjI 19 meI 1680 dy idn mr igAw[

AOrMgzyb dI ZYr-muslmwnW nwl n&rq dw kwrn, aus dw srhMd dw nkSbMdI ausqwd sI[ auh bcpn ivc pihly kuJ swl qW sulqwnpur loDI ivc pVHdw irhw sI pr Pyr auh SYK sY&-aud-dIn dy Asr hyT Aw igAw sI[ nkSbMdI i&rky dw ieh g`dIdwr byhd i&rkU Aqy muq`sb nwl BirAw zihrIlw S^s sI[ aus ny AOrMgzyb dy idl ivc ZYr-muslmwnW vwsqy zihr Br idqw, jo aus ny Aw^rI swhW qk sMBwlI r`iKAw[

AOrMgzyb Aqy is`K: AOrMgzyb dI iesy bImwr izhnIAq ny 1661 ivc gurU hir rwie swihb nUM id`lI qlb kIqw ijs ‟qy aunHW ny Awpxy pu`qr rwm rwie nUM as kol ByijAw (qy rwm rwie AOrMgzyb dy nwl rl igAw)[ ies mgroN rwm rwey dy kihx ‟qy 1664 ivc gurU hrikSn swihb nUM id`lI qlb kIqw (ij`Qy auh 30 mwrc 1664 dy idn joqI joiq smw gey)[ iPr aus ny 1665 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm id`qw jY isMh imrzw dy p`uqr rwm isMh kCvwhw dy kihx ‟qy mwrn dI QW kYd kr id`qw[ iPr 1675 ivc aus ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM ShId krn dw hukm id`qw[ auh gurU goibMd isMG jI dy i^lw& vI AYkSn krnw cwhuMdw sI pr d`Kx ivc hox kr ky bhuq kuJ nw kr sikAw[ dsMbr 1705 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ny aus nUM imlx vwsqy pYZwm ByijAw jo aus nUM 1706 ivc imilAw[ ies ‟qy aus ny gurU jI nUM bulw ByijAw pr ies mulwkwq qoN pihlW hI aus dI mOq ho geI[ aus mgroN aus dy pu`qrW ivc q^q vwsqy lVweIAW hoeIAW (ijs ivc aus dy do pu`qr, Awzm Swh 8 jUn 1707 dy idn jzwaU ivc qy kwm b^S 14 jnvrI 1709 dy idn d`Kx ivc) mwry gey) qy bhwdr Swh 19 jUn 1707 dy idn q^q ‟qy bYiTAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)