sMswr cMd
sMswr cMd ktoc rwjpUq (1765 – dsMbr 1823) kWgVw dw rwjw sI[ auh ds swl dI aumr ivc g`dI ’qy bYiTAw sI[ aus ny AwpxI ihMmq nwl kWgVw Aqy huiSAwrpur dy ivckwrly ielwky ivcoN bhuq swrw ielwkw AwpxI irAwsq ivc Swiml kr ilAw sI[ bjvwVw dw iklHw (huiSAwrpur qoN 5 iklomItr) vI aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ 1804 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny hmlw kr ky huiSAwrpur qoN kWgVw dy ivckwr dw bhuq swrw ielwkw aus qoN Koh ilAw[ 1805 ivc nYpwl dy gorKw jrnYl Amr isMh Qwpw ny kWgVy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ kWgVy dw iklHw bhuq mzbUq sI ies kr ky nYpwlI &OjW ies ’qy kbzw nw kr skIAW[ ieh Gyrw cwr swl qk ipAw irhw qW sMswr cMd ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM pYZwm Byj ky aus qoN mdd mMgI[ rxjIq isMG ny aus dI mdd krn vwsqy kWgVy v`l kUc kIqw Aqy gorKw &OjW nUM au~QoN dOVw id`qw[ pr hux rxjIq isMG ny ^ud ies iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy sMswr cMd v`loN Krwj Adw krn dI Srq ’qy aus nUM Awpxy mwqihq rwjw mMn ilAw[ 1823 ivc sMswr cMd dI mOq mgroN aus dww pu`qr AinruD cMd g`dI ’qy bYTw[1828 ivc jd kWgVy dw nvW rwjw Ainru`D cMd AwpxI mW qy dohW BYxW nwl &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy pu`qr inhwl isMG dy ivAwh ivc Swiml hox vwsqy AwieAw qW iDAwn isMh fogrw ny koiSS kIqI ik aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh dw ivAwh (kWgVy dy mr cuky rwjy) sMswr cMd dI DI Aqy nvyN rwjy AnruD cMd dI BYx nwl ho jwvy[ pr kWgVy dy rwjy ies ‘nwjwiez’ (fogrw) prvwr nUM Awpxy qoN bhuq hI nIvW smJdy sn[ ies kr ky aus ny nWh kr id`qI Aqy rxjIq isMG qoN frdI mwrI, kuVIAW dI mW AwpxIAW DIAW nUM nwl lY ky, rxjIq isMG dy ielwky ivcoN B`j ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc clI geI[ ies g`l nUMM mW ny idl nUM lw ilAw qy auh kuJ hI idnW ivc idl dy dOry nwl mr geI[ auDr rxjIq isMG ny AnruD cMd nUM AwpxIAW BYxW moV ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ auh aunHW nUM ilAwaux dy bhwny AMgryzI ielwky v`l igAw pr muV ky nw AwieAw[ CyqI hI auh vI sdmy nwl mr igAw[ hux rxjIq isMG ny sMswr cMd dy nwjwiez pu`qrW ivcoN iek nUM kWgVy dw rwjw bxw id`qw pr nwl hI bdlw lYx vwsqy sMswr cMd dIAW dohW DIAW nUM Awp (jbrI) ivAwh ilAw[ rxjIq isMG iek nwcI morW, ijs nwl aus ny ivAwh kIqw hoieAw sI, vwsqy qW eynw pwZl sI ik iek vwr aus ny morW dI byh`d cwplUsI kridAW aus nUM AwpxI sB qoN ^UbsUrq rwxI ikhw[ ies ’qy g`dW (sMswr cMd dIAW dohW ivcoN iek DI) ny ^udkuSI kr leI sI (drAsl auh sB qoN suhxI sI).
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)