is`K lIg
1917 qk is`KW dI koeI isAwsI jQybMdI nhIN sI[ isμG sBwvW Aqy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dI pwilsI-pRogrwm ivc ieh iliKAw hoieAw sI ‘koeI vI isAwsI kwrvweI nhIN kIqI jwvygI’, ies kr ky is`KW dy isAwsI msilAW ivc ies dw koeI v`fw rol nhIN sI[ cI& ^wlsw dIvwn dI kwiemI qoN mgroN 1907 ivc ikswn lihr dOrwn cI& ^wlsw dIvwn ny, idKwvy dy qOr ’qy, mUμh r`Kx vwsqy iek iF`lw ijhw srkwr-pRsqI vwlw mqw pws kIqw pr ies ƒ is`KW ny psμd nw kIqw[ ies msly ’qy vDyry Awvwz hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny auTweI sI[ BwvyN pihlI AwlmI jμg (vrlf vwr) dOrwn ieh mslw db igAw pr jμg mgroN is`KW ivc iek isAwsI kOmI plyt&wrm kwiem krn vwsqy iehsws auTxw SurU ho igAw[
pihlI AwlmI jμg (vrlf vwr) ivc l`KW is`K AμgryzI &Oj ivc BrqI ho ky XUrp, A&rIkw Aqy dUr-pUrvI eySIAw ivc jrmn Aqy aus dy swQIAW dIAW &OjW dy i^lw& lVy[ ies lVweI ivc pμj l`K qoN vD is`K &OjI Swiml sn, ijnHW ivcoN 83000 qoN vD mwry gey Aqy iek l`K 10 hzwr dy krIb z^mI hoey[ pr ies jμg dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd rOlt AYkt, mwrSl lwA Aqy jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc Awm lokW dw kqlyAwm vrgy eInwm imly[ jμg qoN pihlW kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy muswiPrW nwl D`kw, bjbjGwt ivc golIAW nwl is`KW dw mwirAw jwxw Aqy Zdr lihr dOrwn PæWsIAW, szwvW Aqy jwiedwd zbqIAW ny vI is`KW dy idlW ivc AμgryzW vsqy n&rq BrI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw is`KW dy hor vI keI isAwsI msly sn, ijnHW ƒ pyS krn, aunHW bwry j`dojihd krn Aqy h`l krvwaux vwsqy koeI isAwsI plyt&wrm nhIN sI[ ies ƒ mihsUs kr ky v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc bYTy reIs, srdwr bhwdr (sRkwr dy AYvwrf lYx vwly cODrI), vkIl, pRo&Ysr Aqy hor srgrm is`KW ny iek jQybμdI kwiem krn dw crcw clwieAw[ Ajy vI jQybμdI kwiem krn dI ies soc ip`Cy srkwr nwl tkrwA vwlI soc nhIN sI ikauNik ies ip`Cy ijhVy lok sn aunHW ivcoN bhuqy srkwr-pRsq, srkwr dy v&wdwr jW srmweydwr qy jwgIrdwr sn[ Aijhy lok kdy vI srkwrW nwl tkrwA nhIN kirAw krdy[ dUjw, ienHW lokW dy pRogrwm ivc srkwr qoN shUlqW, &wiedy, Ahudy Aqy mYNbrIAW hwsl krnw muK AjMfw sI[
ies mwhOl ivc 1916 ivc lKnaU kwn&rμs ivc ihμdUAW Aqy muslmwnW ny kOslW ivc imlx vwlIAW sItW ivc Awpo-Awpxw kotw nIAq kr ilAw sI qy Aijhw kridAW is`KW ƒ pUrI qrHW nzr-Aμdwz kr idqw sI[ is`K vI cwhuμdy sI ik aunHW ƒ vI sItW imlx Aqy AμgryzI srkwr vloN imlx vwlIAW shUlqW ivc ‘is`K kotw’ nIAq ho jwvy[ ies sbMD ivc jnvrI 1917 ivc suMdr isMG mjIiTAw ny srkwr nUM iek mYmorMfm id`qw qy mMg kIqI ik kONslW ivc is`KW nUM vI aunHW dI puzISn (AbwdI nhIN) muqwibk vKrw kotw id`qw jwvy[ mjIiTAw dI ies koiSS dI pMjwb dy ihMdUAW (muslmwnW ny nhIN) ny BrpUr mu^wl&q kIqI[ aus vyly pMjwb dy numwieMidAW ivcoN 50% muslmwn hoxy sn qy is`KW nUM kotw dUijAW ivcoN imlxw sI Xwin ies dw ihMdUAW nUM is`Dw Gwtw hoxw sI[ ihMdUAW ny hux nvW rwg Alwpxw SurU kr id`qw ik is`K vKrw Drm hI nhIN[ is`KW ny ies swizS dw BrpUr jvwb id`qw[ ies qoN zwihr hY ik cI& Kwlsw dIvwn inrw-purw Dwrimk qy smwjk rol hI Adw nhIN sI kr irhw blik is`K isAwsI h`kW vwsqy vI kuJ-kuJ kwrvweIAW kr irhw sI[ AijhI mYNbrIAW, nwmzdgIAW Aqy Ahudy vZYrw sB imldy qW srkwr-pRsqW ƒ hI sn, ies kr ky is`KW dw iehI (srkwr-pRsq) ih`sw AijhIAW koiSSW kr irhw sI[ mgroN mONtyg-cYms&orf kmytI ny is`KW dy vKry koty dw h`k julweI 1918 ivc kbUl kr ilAw[ &rvrI 1919 swaUQbOro kmytI ny is`KW nUM pMjwb ivc 15% sItW dyx dI is&wrS kIqI[ pr ies ivc Zlq g`l ieh sI ik AKOqI sihjDwrI (drAsl ihMdU) qy keI horW bihrUpIAW nUM vI is`K mMinAw igAw sI[ ies nwl hr ihMdU Awpxy Awp nUM AKOqI sihjDwrI AwK ky cuxy jwx dw h`kdwr bx skdw sI[ is`K jQybMdIAW ny ies ibnwA ’qy coxW dw bweIkwt krn dI DmkI dy id`qI[(mgroN julweI 1920 ivc kuJ is`K AwgU lMfn gey Aqy sYktrI Aw& styt nUM imly pr aus ny is`KW dI koeI mdd nw kIqI[ mgroN jwieMt pwrlImYNtrI borf ny is`KW dI nuMmwieMdgI 15 qoN 18.75% kr id`qI ijs nwl is`K koty ivc do sItW vD geIAW[ pr ies dy nwl ieh vI ikhw igAw ik votrW nUM rijstrySn vyly Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU jW is`K AYlwxnw pvygw[ ihMdUAW ny Awpxy Awp nUM bqOr is`K rijstr krn qoN nWh kr id`qI qy ieM\ AKOqI sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy is`K sItW dI T`gI ruk geI[ (ieM\ hI AKOqI sihjDwrI dy nW ’qy ihMdU SRomxI kmytI dy votr vI bxdy rhy[ A^Ir 2004 ivc iek AwrfInYNs aqy 2016 dy iek kwnUMn mgroN SRomxI kmytI dw vI ienHW nklI votrW qoN KihVw Cu`itAw)[ pr ieh kwrvweIAW isr& kONslW dIAW mYNbrIAW qy srkwr nwl imlvrqx vwlIAW g`lW qk hI mihdUd sn qy dUjw ieh jQybMdI vI ies mksd vwsqy koeI lok Awvwz nhIN sI auTw rhI[ aus vyly ihμdUAW vwsqy kWgrs Aqy muslmwnW vwsqy musilm lIg pihloN hI mOjUd sn[ 30 mwrc 1919 dy idn s:b: g`jx isMG, kONsl dy kuJ hor is`K mYNbr Aqy kuJ is`K reIs lwhOr ivc iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny is`K h`kW dI iek isAwsI jQybMdI bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[
13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn AMimRqsr ivc jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc jnrl fwier ny 379 bygunwh lokW nUM kql Aqy bwrHW sO qoN vD lokW nUM z^mI kr ky pMjwb ivc dihSq qy nwl hI roh dw mwhOl pYdw kr id`qw ies kr ky isAwsI is`K jQybMdI bxwaux dI kwrvweI ivc kuJ icr vwsqy KVoq Aw geI[ s`q mhIny dI ^wmoSI mgroN nvμbr 1919 dy dUjy h&qy ieh srgrm is`K iPr iek`Ty hoey Aqy aunHW ny dsμbr ivc iek v`fw iek`T kr ky ies dw AYlwn krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ muslmwnW dI ‘musilm lIg’ vWg nvIN jQybμdI dw nW vI ‘is`K lIg’ r`iKAw igAw (jo mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg ho igAw)[
is`K lIg dw pihlw iejlws 27 dsμbr 1919 dy idn AμimRqsr ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc qkrIbn bwrHW sO is`K Swiml hoey[ ies smwgm ivc srdwr bhwdr g`jx isμG luiDAwxw iek`T dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ pRo: qyjw isμG (bnwrs ihμdU XUnIvristI) ny Ardws kr ky kwrvweI SurU krvweI[ g`jx isμG ny pRDwngI AYfrYs ivc ikhw, ‘pμjwb ivc is`KW dw h`k Gto Gt iek iqhweI hY[ kONsl dIAW sItW, jufISIArI dIAW AswmIAW, SwhI kimSnW Aqy hr mihkmy ivc ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW dy brwbr hY, ikauNik muAwmlw, rμgrUt (&OjI BrqI), jμg krn ivc is`K iqhweI qoN vI vD ih`sw pwauNdy hn[ …drbwr swihb dw pRμbD Aqy Dwrimk jgIrW is`K kOm dy pRbμD ivc hox[…’ ies mgroN hyT ilKy 15 mqy pws kIqy gey: (1) bwdSwh qy srkwr dI v&wdwrI dw XkIn idvwieAw igAw[ (2) it`kw swihb nwBw ƒ vDweI idqI geI[ (3) SwhI AYlwn ’qy SukrIAw kridAW mμg kIqI ik swry iksm dy isAwsI kYdI irhw kIqy jwx Aqy nzrbμd KulHy kIqy jwx[ (4) ihμdosqwn ƒ hor ibRitS klonIAW vrgI sYl& gvrnimμt idqI jwvy (5) 1919 dy AYkt ivc sYl& gvrnimμt nhIN idqI geI, auh idqI jwvy qy isKW ƒ pμjwb ivc pUry h`k idqy jwx (6) gurduAwirAW qy pμQk jgIrW dw pRbμD Kwlsw jI dy h`Q hovy qy cuxIAW kmytIAW pRbμD krn (7) pμjwb dw p`kw bμdobsq hovy, muAwmlw vDy Gty nw Aqy zmIn dw tYks hovy ikrwieAw (rYNt) nhIN (8) hiQAwrW dy kwƒn ivc qlvwrW ibnW lwiesYNs hox (9)
nihrW dw AwibAwxw GtwieAw jwey (10) is`KW ƒ v`fy-v`fy srkwrI AhuidAW ivc h`k dw ih`sw imly[ (11) is`KW ƒ SwhI kimSn hux nwloN vD imilAw krn (12) mdn mohn mwlvIAw qy moqI lwl nihrU dI mdd dw Dμnvwd (13 mhwrwjw PrIdkot dI mOq ’qy A&sos (14) mwrSl lwA dOrwn ijnHW A&srW ny s^qIAW kIqIAW sn aunHW ƒ srkwr szw dyvy (15) &OjW ivc is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW pihxn dI KulH hovy qy ijnHW-ijnHW is`KW ƒ ikrpwnW bdly k`iFAw igAw hY aunHW ƒ muV bhwl kIqw jwvy[
ies smwgm ivc mohn dws krm cMd (gWDI), mdn mohn mwvlIAw, imstr qwieb Aqy Awr.sI. dws vI pu`jy[ bysmJ is`KW ny aunHW dy Awaux ’qy ‘hm Gr swjn Awey’ Sbd gw ky gurbwxI dI byAdbI kIqI[ ies mgroN ^zwn isμG bYirstr ny ikhw ik ‘‘gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awpxw isr Byt kr ky mulk dy sμkt dUr kIqy sn qy swƒ jwpdw hY pμfq (mwvlvIAw) jI aunHW dw krzw auqwrn vwsqy pμjwb Awey hn qy swƒ Brosw hY ik Awp is`KW dy AiDkwrW ƒ mμn ky kWgrs vloN vI swƒ swfy h`k duAwxgy[’’ ies mgroN mwlvIAw ny ikhw ‘‘AsIN nOvyN pwqSwh dw krzw jnm-jnmWqrW qk nhIN auqwr skdy[ bwkI AiDkwrW dI g`l ieh hY ik jo Xog s`jx hn auh swfy isr m`Qy ’qy hn[’’ pr aus ny is`KW dy h`kW qy rwKvIAW sItW bwry kuJ vI nw ikhw[ iehI gWDI ny kIqw qy ikhw ‘mwlvI jI myry vfy Brw hn… jo myry vfy BweI jI ny ikhw hY aus ƒ hI mμno[’ AKIr igAwnI gurbKS isμG ny vloN Dμnvwd qy AkwlI kOr isμG dI Ardws mgroN ieh smwgm ^qm hoieAw[
is`K lIg v`loN 11 julweI 1920 dy idn syvw rwm isMG, iSvdyv isMG, sohn isMG, au~jl isMG iek fYpUtySn vjoN lMfn pu`jy Aqy brqwnvI sYktrI Aw& styt nUM iml ky pMjwb kONsl ivc is`KW vwsqy 33% numwieMdgI dI mMg kIqI[ dsMbr 1919 dy sYSn ivc 15 mqy pws krn Aqy julweI 1920 ivc lMfn jwx qoN ielwvw is`K lIg ny koeI hor kwrvweI nw kIqI[ gurduAwirAW dy pRbμD bwry qW is`K lIg iblkul hI cu`p rhI[ pr 21 meI 1920 dy idn ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr SurU ho jwx nwl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr qyzI nwl SrU hox lg peI[ 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ Akwl q^q swihb dy kbzy mgroN 15 nvμbr 1920 ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμD kmytI kwiem ho geI[ ies hwlq ivc vI is`K lIg ny cu`p v`tI rKI[ Aijhw jwpx lg ipAw ik ies jQybμdI dw swrw rol isr& swlwnw iejlws krn qy mqy pws krn qk hI mihdUd hY[
is`K lIg dw dUjw sYSn 20-21 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ lwhOr dy brYflw hwl ivc hoxw sI[ iek h&qw pihlW ies dI pRDwngI KVk isμG isAwlkot ny kbUl kr leI[ suμdr isμG cwvlw svwgqI kmytI dy pRDwn sn[ 20 qwrI^ dy smwgm ivc fw: sY&-aud-dIn ikclU, muhμmd AlI, SOkq AlI, mOlwxw AbU klm Awzwd pujy[ ies dy pμdrW imμt ip`CoN KVk isμG qy ipRμsIpl qyjw isμG msqUAwxw Awey[ aunHW mgroN mohn dws krm cμd gWDI, aus dI pqnI, cODrI rwm Bj d`q qy cODrI srlw dyvI vI Aw gey[ iPr dunI cμd, Awgw s&dr, lwlw gvrDn dws, BweI prmw nμd vI phuμc gey[ hrcμd isμG lwielpurI ny kwmwgwtwmwrU jhwz dy Aqy Zdr pwrtI dy kuJ is`KW ƒ styj ’qy bulw ky aunHW dI pCwx krvweI qy nwl hI (bjbj Gwt golI kWf mgroN) Akwl q^q swihb dy pujwrIAW v`loN aunHW ƒ ‘ieh is`K nhIN hn’ kihx dI inμdw kIqI[ Agly idn 21 AkqUbr ƒ kwrvweI SurU hox qoN pihlW vwlμtIArW ny ApIl kIqI ik hwzr lok AwpxIAW nYktweIAW lwhux dI imhrbwnI krn[ s:b: mihqwb isμG srkwrI vkIl sxy 500 dy krIb lokW ny AwpxI mrzI nwl nYktweIAW lwh ky jybHW ivc pw leIAW[ sB qoN pihlW srdUl isμG kvISr ny mwrSl lwA lwgU krn Aqy is`KW qy i^lw&q lihr dy AwgUAW ’qy zulm krn Aqy is`KW dy h`kW dI byprvwhI dw izkr kr ky nwimlvrqx dw mqw pyS kIqw qy ies dy nwl hI ikhw ik: (1) srkwrI i^qwb, AwnryrI mYijstrytIAW, srkwrI mYˆbrIAW C`f idqIAW jwx (2) srkwrI jlisAW qy drbwrW ivc jwxw bμd kIqw jwvy (3) srkwrI qy srkwr dI mdd nwl clx vwly skUlW ’coN b`cy htwauxy SurU kr idqy jwx (4) kcihrIAW ivc muk`dmy iljwx dI QW pμcwieqW A`gy kys pyS kIqy jwieAw krn (5) mYsopotwmIAw (eIrwk) dI BrqI ivc srkwr dI mdd nw kIqI jwvy (6) nvIAW koNslW ’c koeI aumIdvwr nw bxy qy koeI vot pwaux nw jwvy (7) hr ivdySI cIz dw bweIkwt kIqw jwvy[
srdUl isμG kvISr ny ies mgroN ikhw ik bygunwh ZdrI qy hor AwgU jylW iv`c su`ty hoey hn[ SwhI AYlwn hyT ihμdU qy muslmwn kYdIAW ’coN bhuqy C`f idqy gey hn pr BweI rxDIr isμG Aqy hor is`K kYdI Ajy vI jylHW ivc hn[ jilHAW vwly bwg ivc bygunwhW ƒ golIAW nwl aufw idqw igAw[ ies mqy dI ihmwieq qy ivroD ivc AkwlI mμgl isμG, dwn isμG vCoAw, sujwn isμG vkIl, joD isμG, syvw rwm isμG vkIl, gWDI, SOkq AlI, muhμmd AlI, Abul klwm Azwd, Awgw s&dr, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, ig. Syr isμG, suμdr isμG lwielpurI, mw: moqw isμG, sohx isμG (AYfItr ‘d is`K’) ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ au~jl isμG qy qyjw isμG msqUAwxw ny qrmImW pyS kIqIAW jo rih geIAW[ AKIr mqw bhusμmqI nwl pws kIqw igAw[ mqw pws huμidAW hI hridAwl isμG bhjvwl, blvμq isμG reIs ku`lw, lwl isμG SyKUpurw, hrnwm isμG (ipqw spIkr joigMdr isMG mwn qy dwdw ismrnjIq isμG mwn) ny kONsl dI mYNbrI C`fx AYlwn kIqw[ kuμdn isμG, swvn isμG ny nμbrdwrI Cfx dw AYlwn kIqw[ Awqmw isμG AμimRqsrI ny qæZmy qy vrdI, byAμq isμG (luiDAwxw) ny &rWs qy mYsopotwmIAW dy qmZy Aqy pRqwp isμG (gujrwq) ny mYfl vwps krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ sμqoK isμG qy gurb^S isμG ny srkwrI mYfIkl kwlj ’coN pVHnw C`fx dw AYlwn kIqw[ ies qoN mgroN is`K rwjsI kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy kmytI bxwaux dw mqw pyS kIqw[ kmytI ’c hyT ilKy nW Swiml kIqy gey: hrcμd isμG qy suμdr isμG (dovyN lwielpur), jsvμq isμG Jbwl, krqwr isμG J`br, ipAwrw isG, bdn isμG, sμq isμG vkIl, qyjw isμG smuμdrI qy guridAwl isμG[ mwstr moqw isμG ny styj ’qy Aw ky AYlwn kIqw ik mYN audoN qk ju`qI nhIN pwvWgw qy isr& iek fμg rotI KwvWgw jd qk is`K kYdI irhw nhIN kr idqy jwxgy[ is`K lIg dw smwgm 22 AkqUbr ƒ vI cilAw[ ies mOky ’qy rkwb gμj dI kμD bxwaux vwsqy 29 nvμbr ƒ jQw iljwx dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ KVk isμG ny AwpxI qkrIr ivc is`KW vwsqy vKry h`kW dI gl kridAW ikhw ik ihμdUAW qy muslmwnW ny lKnaU ivc swfy nwl byiensw&I kIqI [ gWDI ƒ vI Awpxy lYkcr ivc Ais`Dy l&zW ivc is`KW leI coxW ivc vKrIAW sItW dI g`l mμnxI peI[
nwimlvrqx dw mqw pws hox mgroN srkwr dy imlvrqxIey is`K lIg ƒ C`f gey qy hOlI-hOlI ieh AkwlI dl qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw hI dUjw rUp bx geI[ Agly ds swl qk is`K lIg is`K jQybMdIAW dI C`qrI vW| (umbrella organisation) bxI rhI qy is`K msilAW bwry kOmI &Ysly lYNdI rhI[ BwvyN ies au~qy AkwlI pwrtI dw hI kMtrol sI pr iPr vI bwkI is`K AwgUAW dw v`fw ih`sw vI ies dIAW mIitMgW qy knvYnSnW ivc Swiml huMdw rihMdw sI qy is`K lIg vI iek qrHW dy sWJy &Ysly hI ilAw krdI sI[ pr 1932 qoN mgroN ies dy rsmI iejlws vI bμd ho gey Aqy ies dy bhuqy AwgU AkwlI dl ivc Swiml ho gey qy kuJ-ku kWgrs ivc vI cly gey.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)