Singh Sabha Movement
isMG sBw lihr
is`K ieiqhws ivc 30 julweI 1873 dy idn iek frwmweI Gtnw GtI ijs ny is`K jgq nUM ihlw ky r`K id`qw[ AMimRqsr imSn skUl ivc pVH rhy cwr is`K b`icAW (Aqr isMG, swDU isMG, sMqoK isMG Aqy AwieAw isMG) ny AYlwn kIqw ik auh eIsweI Drm ivc Swiml hoxw cwhuMdy hn[ ies qoN pihlW vI BwvyN do rwj GrwixAW dy b`cy (dlIp isMG qy hrnwm isMG kpUrQlw) eIsweI bx cuky sn pr hor AKOqI-au~cy ^wndwnW iv`coN hor koeI vI eIsweI nhIN sI bixAw[ auN\ Awm is`KW iv`coN hor keI jxy eIsweI zrUr bx cuky sn pr ieho-ijhy lok, AnpVH, AKOqI-pCVIAW jmwqW ivcoN jW ies qrHW dy kuJ hor S^s sn[ pVHy ilKy cMgy guris`K GrW ivcoN iek vI bMdw Ajy qk eIsweI nhIN sI bixAw[ ^Yr, cwr is`K b`icAW dy eIsweI bxn dy ies AYlwn nwl kuJ srgrm is`K (Ajy is`KW ivc sWJw AwgU koeI nhIN sI) Awps ivc imly Aqy ienHW b`icAW ƒ smJw-buJw ky ies hrkq qoN rok ilAw[
ienHW idnW ivc hI „gurU dw bwg‟ AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb dI hdUd) ivc, AMgryzW dy iek eyjMt, i&lOr dy iek bRwhmx (SrDw rwm i&lOrI), ny „kQw‟ krnI SurU kr idqI[ aus ny hor aUl-jlUl qoN ielwvw is`K Drm dI Swn ivc vI gusqw^I kIqI[ aus dI ies bkvws ƒ is`K cupcwp sux ky nzr-AMdwz krdy rhy Aqy nwmrdW vWg cup kr ky bYTy rhy[ ies ‟qy auh bRwhmx hor vI vDyry zor nwl is`KI dy iKlw& pRcwr krn lg ipAw[ drAsl ies bRwhmx ƒ AMgryz srkwr dI srprsqI hwisl sI[ jd auh nw hitAw qW kuJ is`K nOjvwnW ny iml ky ies bRwhmx dI gurU-inMdw dw jvwb dyxw SurU kr idqw[ jd aunHW ny ies bRwhmx ƒ vMgwrnw SurU kr idqw qW auh frdw au~QoN clw igAw[
kuJ nOjvwnW dy ies kdm dIAW ^brW hor is`K srgrm qy isrkrdw S^sIAqW ƒ vI pu`jIAW[ ienHW ivc Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw, igAwnI igAwn isMG (ieh qvwrI^ dIAW ikqwbW dw lyKk nhIN dI blik AMimRqsr dw iek gRMQI sI), igAwnI srdUl isMG vgYrw vI sn[ hornW nwl vI ienHW ny rwbqw bxwieAw Aqy A^Ir pihlI AkqUbr 1873 dy idn Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny isrkrdw is`KW dw iek iek`T AMimRqsr ivc bulw ilAw[ ies ivc kuJ igAwnI, pujwrI, gMRQI, audwsI, inrmly Awidk Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN keI qW is`K Drm bwry pUrI qrHW sucyq vI nhIN sn, pr auh aus bRwhmx dy gurU-inMdw dy prcwr dy ivroD ivc iek`Ty hoey sn[ ienHW swirAW ny iml ky “gurU isMG sBw” bxwaux dw mqw pws kIqw, pr inrmilAW qy audwsIAW dy zor dyx ‟qy ies A`gy ihMdU dyvI “sRI” dw nW vI pw ky “sRI gurU isMG sBw” bxw ilAw[ ies dy pRDwn Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw (1832-1887), sk`qr igAwnI igAwn isMG (1824-1884), mIq syvk (mIq sk`qr) Amr isMG qy ^zwncI Drm isMG (mjITw buMgw) bxwey gey[ ies sBw dw inSwnw “is`K Drm Aqy smwj ivc Aw peIAW kurIqIAW dUr kr ky is`K Drm dI AslI mirAwdw kwiem krnw” sI[
gurmuKI A^bwr SurU krnw: isMG sBw lihr dy Asr hyTW sB qoN pihlW iek Kwlsw skUl KoilHAw igAw[ mgroN 1879 ivc „gurmuKI A^bwr‟ vI SurU kIqw igAw[ ies dy AYfItr pRo: gurmuK isMG (ErIAYNtl kwlj lwhOr dy pRo&Ysr) sn[ ies lihr sdkw is`K ivdvwn qy pRcwrk iek`Ty ho ky Dwrimk Aqy qÍwrIKI nukiqAW ‟qy ivcwr-vtWdrw krn lg pey[ mMjI swihb (drbwr swihb) ivc is`K ivcwrvwn iek`Ty hox lg pey[ sB qoN pihlw bihs vwlw nukqw gurU nwnk swihb dI jnm qwrI^ bwry sI[ ies nukqy ‟qy bhuq swry S^s bihs ivc ih`sw lYNdy rhy[ ies mgroN gurU swihbwn Aqy aunHW dy prvwrW sbMDI qwrI^W ‟qy vI keI swl ivcwrW huMdIAW rhIAW[ (ies dy nqIjy vjoN gur pRxwlIAW ikqwb iqAwr hoeI, jo keI swl mgroN sRomxI gurduAwrw pRbDMk kmytI ny CwpI sI)[
1879 ivc lwhOr ivc vI iek ieho-jhI isMG sBw kwiem kIqI geI[ ies isMG sBw dy AwgUAW ny „gurmiq gMRQ pRcwrk sBw‟ AMimRqsr ivc kwiem kIqI Aqy bhuq swrw swihq (iltrycr) vI CwipAw[ ies lVI hyT gurpurb pRkwS, guris`KW dy inq dy krm, s`d isDWq, gurmiq isDWq, gur iblws (suKw isMG), Xwqrw hzUr swihb, Kwlsw mnmodk, gurpurb krn ivDI, gur-pRxwlI (CotI) qy keI hor ikqwbW Aqy trYkt vI Cwpy gey[ ieM\ hI pMfq qwrw isMG nroqm dI gurU gMRQ koS qy qIrQ sMgRih Aqy igAwnI igAwn isMG dI pMQ pRkwS Aqy qvwrI^ gurU Kwlsw vrgIAW ikqwbW vI CwpIAW geIAW[
1877 qoN hI isMG sBw lihr hyT keI jgh isMG sBwvW bxnIAW SurU ho geIAW sn[ ienHW dw mYn&Ysto sI: 1. swry is`K vIrW Aqy Kwlsw jI ƒ is`KI Drm dy nwl ipAwr rKxw pRcwrnw 2. ies srySt Drm dy nymW ƒ prgt krnw Aqy QW pr QW ies dI vifAweI dI crcw krnI 3.ijnHW poQIAW ikqwbW ivc ies Drm dI vifAweI qy BilAweI pweI jWdI hY, aunHW ƒ Cpvw ky pRgt krnw 4.sMpRdweI bwxI ƒ prgt krnw Aqy aunHW qwrI^I mzhbI poQIAW (ijvyN jnm swKI Aqy gur-pRxwlI vZYrw) ijnHW ivc iksy qrHW dw kuJ SMkw hY, aunHW ƒ Asly kFw ky, A`gw-ip`Cw vyK ky SuD (shI) krnw 5. pMjwbI zbwn rwhIN ielm mr`vjy dI qr`kI krnI Aqy ies mksd vwsqy rswly qy A^bwrW CwpxIAW 6. jo lok is`KI dy ivroDI hn, jW ijnHW ies dy i^lw& kuJ ikhw jW suixAw hY jW jo is`K q^qW qoN Kwrj hn (mIxy, DIrm`lIey, rwmrweIey, msMd) jW ijhVy Awpxw Drm C`f ky dUjy Drm Aqy sBw smwj ivc jw rly hox jW ijnHW ny Awpxy kysW dI byAdbI krweI hovy jW jo srkwr dy nzdIk mu&sd igxy gey hox, jW jo sulh, im`lq Aqy BlweI kMmW dy ivroDI hox, isMG sBw dy mYNbr nhIN bx skdy[ pr jd ienHW ivcoN koeI ipClI kIqI qoN qn^wh luAw ky qy A`gy sBw dI rwie ho jwvy qW iml skdy hn 7. v`fy mrqby vwly AMgryz bhwdr ividAw Sw^ dy mYNbr bx skdy hn[ hor kOmW qy pMQW dy lok vI ies sBw dy mYNbr qd bx skdy hn jd p`kI qrHW mwlUm ho jwvy ik auh is`KI Drm Aqy pMjwbI zbwn dy ^Yr KÍwh hn 8. iksy dUjy mq dy ivruD kihxw, suxnw jW ilKxw isMG sBw dw kMm nhIN 9. isMG sBw ivc koeI glbwq srkwr dy sbMD ivc nhIN kIqI jwvygI 10. ^Yr-KÍwhI kOm, &rmwbrdwrI srkwrI, is`KI Drm nwl ipAwr Aqy au~nqI krnw ividAw dw, pMjwbI zbwn rwhIN Aqy mslohq aumdI hr bwq ivc ilhwz krnw[
isMG sBw lihr SurU hox nwl is`K Drm, pMjwbI Aqy pMjwb vwsqy sMjIdw koiSSW hoeIAW[ ies lihr qoN 13 swl pihlW, 1860 ivc, pMjwb ivc AYjUkySn ifpwrtmYNt SurU ho cukw sI[ skUlW qy kwljW ivc tWvy-tWvy is`K b`cy vI dwi^l hox lg pey sn[ pr, pMjwb ivc pVHweI dw mwiDAm pMjwbI nhIN blik aurdU bxwieAw igAw sI[ fwktr lweItnr dI mdd nwl isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW ny 1877 ivc ErIAYNtl kwlj (hux pMjwb XUnIvristI, lwhOr) ivc pMjwbI dI pVHweI SurU krvw leI[ pRo: gurmuK isMG ies kwlj ivc pMjwbI dy pRo&Ysr (tIcr/ausqwd) lwey gey[ isr& eynw hI nhIN, blik ies kwlj ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS hoxw vI SurU ho igAw sI[ ies mgroN isμG sBw lwhOr ivc vI kwiem hoeI[ ies dw pihlw iek`T 2 nvμbr 1879 dy idn hoieAw[ 11 ApRYl 1880 dy idn lwhOr isμG sBw ƒ AμimRqsr isμG sBw nwl sbμDq kIqw igAw Aqy dohW dw sWJw
nW „sRI gurU isμG sBw jnrl‟ riKAw igAw[ 10 nvμbr 1880 qoN h&qwvwrI gurmuKI A^bwr Aqy 1881 qoN mwhvwrI ividAk prcw SurU kIqw igAw[ pRo. gurmuK isμG ny pμjwb dw dOrw kr ky keI ipμfW, ksibAW qy SihrW ivc isμG sBwvW kwiem kIqIAW[ ienHW swrIAW ƒ iek Jμfy hyT jQybμd krn vwsqy „Kwlsw dIvwn‟ kwiem kIqw igAw[
isMG sBw AMimRqsr ‟qy bRwhmxI soc dw kbzw: ijauN-ijauN isμG sBw lihr PYldI geI ies dy AwgUAW ivcoN reIs DVy dy bhuqy cODrIAW au~qy lIfriSp dw BUq svwr ho igAw[ rwjw ibkrm isμG PrIdkot qy Kym isμG bydI vwsqy gdyly ivCwey jwx lg pey[ eynw hI nhIN ies gru`p ny isμG sBw lihr dy AsUlW dy ault „dilqW‟ qoN dUrI vDwauxI SurU kr idqI[ hor qW hor jdoN drbwr swihb dy buqpRsqI rokx, TwkrW dI pUjw Kqm krn Aqy drbwr swihb dI hdUd coN mUrqIAW cukx dI mμg auTI qW ienHW ny Aijhw krnoN vrijAw[ pr jdoN rwjw ibkrm isμG qy Kym isμG bydI DVy ny suDwrk DVy dI hr g`l dI mu^wl&q SurU kr idqI qW aunHW ny 10-11 ApRYl 1886 dy idn lwhOr iejlws bulw ky ivcwrW krn mgroN vKrw „Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr‟ bxw ilAw[ ies dw inSwnw ieh im`iQAw igAw: 1. pμQ ivc &wiedymμd ividAw Aqy guxW dw pRcwr krnw 2. ielm qy hunr ‟c vwDw krnw 3. pμjwbI bolI dI qr`kI krnw qy dUjIAW bolIAW coN cμgIAW ikqwbW dw qrjmw kr ky ies ƒ BrpUr krnw 4. gurU gRμQ swihb dy shI ArQ krny Aqy ies ivc A`f-A`f bolIAW dy l&zW dI jVH lBxw 5. mwnsk, ie^lwkI qy smwjk ivkws krnw qy Kwlsw Drm dy s`cy nymW dw pRcwr krnw 6. iesqrI is`iKAw ƒ vDwauxw 7. isμGW dy XqIm b`icAW dI ividAw Aqy pwlxw vwsqy XqImKwnw KolHxw 8. hunr Aqy kwSqkwrI ividAw dyx vwsqy kwlj qy skUl kwiem krny 9. &wiedymμd ikqwbW qy irswly Cwpx vwsqy iek jW vD pRYs lwauxw 10. Pwiedymμd ividAw dy prswr vwsqy v`K-v`K QWvW ‟qy isμG sBwvW kwiem krnIAW 11. srkwr AμgryzI Agy Kwlsw pμQ dy hkUk zwihr krnw Aqy isμGW ƒ srkwr AμgryzI dy rwj dIAW Axigxq brkqW dsxIAW[ 12. Awaux vwlIAW nslW ivc pμQ dI au~nqI dy i^Awl pwauxy Aqy jmwqI qwkq pYdw krnI, ijs qoN iml kr ky au~dm krn dw Fμg vwDw pwauNdw hY Aqy jo srkwr AμgryzI dI nmk hlwlI, &rmwbrdwrI qy SukrguzwrI ƒ cμgI qrHW p`kw krdw hY[ 13. isμGW dI mOjUdw hwlq dI qr`kI krn vwsqy ienHW Aqy Aijhy hornW audySW dy pUrw krn vwsqy nvyN vwjbI qrIky A^iqAwr krny[
do dIvwn bxn nwl isμG sBwvW vI vμfIAW geIAW[ pr dohW ny iek dUjy qoN Agy inklx vwsqy kμm krny SurU kr idqy[ AμimRqsrIAW ny 1885 ivc „gurU gRμQ pRcwrk sBw‟ bxw ky gur pRxwlI, gurpurb inrxY, dsm gRμQ inrxY ikqwbW ilKvwaux vl kdm cuky qy gurU gRμQ swihb dw PrIdkotI tIkw (inrmilAW vwlw) iqAwr krvwieAw[ lwhOr vwly „dIvwn‟ ny gurmuKI A^bwr, ividAwrk rswlw, ^wlsw Zzt prcy SurU kIqy[
gurU gMRQ swihb dw srUp Aqy gutky Cwpxw: aunHIN idnIN gurU gMRQ swihb, poQIAW Aqy gutky isr& h`Q nwl ilKy hI imldy sn[ hwlW ik eIsweI pwdrIAW ny Awpxy prcwr vwsqy p`Qr Cwpy nwl pMjwbI ivc bweIbl Aqy hor iltrycr Cwp vI ilAw sI pr is`KW v`loN Ajy vI ies pwsy vl kdm nhIN sI auTwieAw igAw[ 1887 ivc isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW ny gurmuKI dw &ONt iqAwr krvw ky lwlw hIrw nMd dI pRY~s qoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw Ajokw srUp iqAwr CpvwieAw[ ies dy 1430 s&y sn[ ies qoN pihlW h`Q nwl ilKy gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUpW dy si&AW dI igxqI iek nhIN sI hoieAw krdI[ gurU gMRQ swihb qoN ielwvw inqnym dy gutky vI Cpxy SurU ho gey[ ies nwl gurbwxI dw pRcwr qy pRswr Awswn ho igAw Aqy GrW ivc gutky phuMcxy lg pey[
lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr sBwvW ivc zbrdsq &u`t: 1880 ivc Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr ƒ iek`iTAW kr ky jnrl sBw kwiem kr id`qI geI sI[ BwvyN bhuq swry isrkrdw is`K ienHW nwl sbMDq ho cuky sn pr jvwhr isMG kpUr, fw. jY isMG, imhr isMG cwvlw, v`KirAW Awpxy qOr ‟qy vI, in`gr rol Adw kr rhy sn[ pYsy vwsqy rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot, kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw (audoN vwsI jlMDr) Aqy kuJ hor is`K ih`sw pwauNdy rihMdy sn[ pr ies mwhOl ivc Kym isMG bydI sB qoN vD injI &wiedw auTwaux dI koiSS krdw rihMdw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy Coty puqr lKmI dws dy ^wndwn ivcoN hox kr ky auh nwjwiez qOr ‟qy Awpxw snmwn mMgdw sI[ jdoN kuJ Boly lokW ny aus ƒ ie`zq mwx dyxw SurU kr id`qw qW auh hor cWBHl igAw Aqy aus ny nIm-gurU vWg pyS Awauxw SurU kr id`qw[ hor qW hor auh dIvwn ivc hI nhIN gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc vI gdyly ivCw ky Awsx bxw ky, g`dI ‟qy bYTx lg ipAw[ isMG sBw lihr qW sgoN Drm ivc suDwr vwsqy bxI sI qy Kym isMG dI ieh kwrvweI lihr dy inSwny dy mu`FoN hI ault sI[ kuJ is`K AwgU ies ‟qy bVy ^&w sn[ pihloN-pihl qW kuJ icr cup vrqI rhI, iPr hOlI-hOlI g`l clx lg peI qy A^Ir ieh iek v`fw mslw bx geI[
ies hwlq dy bwvjUd Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr Awpo-Awpxy ielwikAW ivc suDwrk, ividAk Aqy Dwrimk kwrvweIAW krdy rhy[ 1881 ivc isMG sBw lwhOr ny iek is`K skUl KolHx vwsqy koiSSW SurU kr id`qIAW[ ieM\ hI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy qrjmy vwsqy vI koiSSW SurU ho geIAW[ 1882 ivc hzwrW is`KW ny mYmorMfm iqAwr kr ky gurmuKI ilpI qy pMjwbI zbwn ivc skUlW dI pVHweI krvwaux vwsqy srkwr ƒ ByijAw[ 1884 ivc Kwlsw kwlj kwiem krn vwsqy vI sMjIdw koiSSW SurU ho geIAW[ auN\ ies sbMDI kwlj KolHx dI QW, lwhOr jW AMimRqsr, vwsqy Awps-ivroDI kwrvweIAW vI huMdIAW rhIAW[ 1886 qk iek sO dy krIb isMG sBwvW kwiem ho cukIAW sn[ swrIAW isMG sBwvW kuJ nw kuJ jmHW-p`KI kwrvweI krdIAW rihMdIAW sn[ AMimRqsr ivc skUl Aqy cYrItybl hspqwl SurU ho cuky sn[ isAwlkot ivc vI skUl KulH igAw sI[ iSmlw ivc gurduAwrw dy nwl DrmSwlw (srW) bx cukI sI[ dIvwn, kQw-pRvwh, kvI drbwr qW Awm hI huMdy rihMdy sn[ lwhOr ivc iek skUl qy iek A^bwr vI cl rhy sn[ rwvlipMfI ivc vI mwhvwrI „gurmiq pRkwS‟ Cpx lg ipAw sI[ sB qoN Aihm g`l ieh sI ik ies mwhOl ny bhuq swry AwgU pYdw kIqy ijhVy syvw krn ivc iek dUjy qoN A`gy jwxw cwhuMdy sn[ hux is`KW ivc smwijk qy Dwrimk dy nwl-nwl isAwsI jwgo vI AwauxI SurU ho geI sI[ ies dy nwl hI brqwnvI srkwr vI hrkq ivc Aw geI sI[ AwrIAw smwjIAW ny vI ies lihr dI mhwnqw smJ leI sI qy aunHW ny vI isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW nwl AwpxI nyVqw SurU kr leI sI[ aunHW dw ieh inSwnw sI ik is`K suDwrk AwgUAW ƒ ihMdU Drm qoN v`KrI pCwx nw bxwaux idqI jwvy[
AwrIAw smwj dw hmlw: 1875 ivc iek ihMdU swDU dXwnMd ny bMbeI (hux muMbeI) ivc AwrIAw smwj dI nINh rKI[ auh AprYl 1877 ivc pMjwb vI AwieAw[ jUn ivc lwhOr ivc vI dXwnMd dI brWc bx geI[ Agly swl qk AMimRqsr, rwvlipMfI, mulqwn, gujrWvwlw, gurdwspur, &Irozpur, ijhlm, vzIrwbwd vgYrw ivc vI ies dIAW brWcW kwiem ho geIAW[ AwrIAw smwj dy AYlwny gey inSwinAW ƒ vyK ky keI is`K vI ies dy mYNbr bx gey[ ienHW ivcoN iek, jvwhr isMG kpUr, AwrIAw smwj dy
sk`qr vI bxw idqy gey qy aunHW ny bhuq imhnq nwl ies jQybMdI vwsqy vD-cVH ky kMm kIqw[ kuJ icr bwAd swDU dXw nMd dI ikqwb “siqAwrQ pRkwS” vI Cwp ky Aw geI[ ies ikqwb ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy dUjy DrmW dy moFIAW, AwgUAW qy pRcwrkW dy i^lw& GtIAW lPz ilKy hoey sn[ jdoN is`KW hI nhIN blik kuJ isAwxy ihMdUAW ny aus dw iDAwn ies pwsy vl idvwieAw qW aus ny vwAdw kIqw ik AglI AYfISn ies ƒ soD ky CwpI jwvygI[ pr dXw nMd 1883 ivc mr igAw[ aus dy mgroN k`tV i&rkU AwrIAw smwjI AMsr ny ies ivc soD krn qoN nWh kr idqI[ (ies qoN svw sO swl mgroN, jUn 2006 ivc iPr ies dy iek muKI ny ieh soD krn bwry vwAdw kIqw pr prnwlw au~Qy dw au~Qy hI irhw)[ mgroN 1897 ivc AwrIAw smwj dy iek gru`p ny Pyr is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iK`cx vwsqy iliKAw ik “dXw nMd nUM gurmuKI dI jwxkwrI nhIN sI qy aus dy is`K gurUAW bwry l&z dUjy drjy dI jwxkwrI ‟qy ADwrq sn[” (AwrIAw Zzt, 15 julweI 1897)[ ies s&weI mgroN iPr kuJ is`K ienHW nwl juV gey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: jgq isMG qy bwvw nwrwiex isMG[ jgq isMG qW ienHW dw eynw ^Yr ^wh bx igAw ik aus ny qW ie`QoN qk ilK mwirAw ik “is`K Drm AwrIAw smwj dw muFlw pVwA sI[ ies mgroN 1898 ivc lwlw Twkr dws Aqy BweI nwrwiex isMG ny “is`K ihMdU hYn” ikqwbcI ilK ky nvW crcw CyV id`qw[ ies 30 s&y dI ikqwbcI dw mUMh qoV jvwb BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny “hm ihMdU nhIN” ikqwb ilK ky id`qw[
ienHW idnW ivc hI 25 nvMbr 1888 dy idn iek bRwhmx gurU d`q ny AMimRqsr ivc iek lYkcr kridAW gurU swihb dy i^lw& GtIAw bolI vrqI sI[ ies vyly qk jvwhr isMG kpUr AwrIAw smwj dy sk`qr sn[ dXw nMd v`loN kIqy vwAdy muqwibk siqAwrQ pRkwS ivclI GtIAw l`&wzI vI qbdIl nhIN hoeI sI[ ies ‟qy pRotYst vjoN jvwhr isMG kpUr ny AwrIAw smwj qoN AsqI&w dy idqw Aqy isMG sBw lihr ivc Swiml ho gey[ jvwhr isMG dy nwl igAwnI idq isMG vI isMG sBw dw ih`sw bx gey[ ies mgroN koeI vI s`cw is`K AwrIAw smwj dy nwl nw irhw[ AwrIAw smwj ny iek hor is`K-ivroDI hI nhIN blik pMjwb-ivroDI hrkq ieh vI kIqI ik ies ny pMjwbI ihMdUAW nUM ihMdI qy dyvnwgrI v`l toirAw Aqy pMjwbI qy gurmuKI qoN vI dUr kIqw[ (AwrIAw smwj nUM pMjwbI qy gurmuKI qoN n&rq isr& ies kr ky sI ik is`KW dw gurU gRMQ swihb gurmuKI ivc hY)[ ieh idlcsp g`l hY ik A`j vI, 99% pMjwbI ihMdU, svw sO swl qoN ihMdI qy dyvnwgrI dI vrqoN krn dy bwvjUd shI ihMdI nw qW ilK skdy hn qy nw bol skdy hn[ drAsl iek Awm S^s AwpxI mW bolI qoN isvw dUjI bolI nUM pUrI qrHW audoN qk is`K nhIN skdw jd qk auh kuJ dhwky aus dUjI bolI dy ielwky ivc rihx nw lg pvy[
ies dOrwn AwrIAw smwj dw moFI swDU dXw nMd vI pMjwb dy dOry ‟qy AwieAw sI[ aus dy lwhOr Awaux „qy igAwnI id`q isMG aus nUM imilAw Aqy aus nwl &ls&y dy nukiqAW ‟qy bihs kIqI[ ieh bihs iqMn vwr hoeI Aqy iqMny vwr dXw nMd igAwnI id`q isMG dy svwlW dw jwvb nw dy sikAw qy hr vwr aus ny igAwnI id`q isMG qoN hwr mMnI[ ieh vwrqwlwp igAwnI id`q isMG ilKq „myrw qy swDU dXw nMd dw sMbwd‟ ivc q&sIl nwl ilKI hoeI hY[
AwrIAw smwj BwvyN hor iksy srgrm is`K vrkr ‟qy Awpxw Asr qW nw pw sikAw pr fw: jY isMG qy Kym isMG bydI aunHW dy Asr hyTW zrUr Aw gey[ fw. jY isMG dI Su`DI lihr (drAsl musilm ivroDI lihr) ny aus ƒ pUrI qrHW is`K pRcwrk nw bxn idqw[ auN\ aunHW dw rol nWh-p`KI kdy vI nhIN sI[
AwrIAw smwjIAW ny Kym isMG bydI ƒ aunHW ny nIm-ihMdU jW kysW vwlw ihMdU pYtrn ‟qy zrUr clw ilAw[ gdyly lw ky qW auh pihlW hI bYTx lg ipAw sI, hux aus ny Dwrimk suDwrW dw vI, pihloN hOlI-hOlI qy mgroN Sry-Awm, ivroD krnw SurU kr idqw[ aus ny qW pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy ig. idq isMG vloN CUq-Cwq, is`KI ivc Aw vVIAW ihMdU rIqIAW, is`K-GrW ivc TwkrW dI pUjw dy ivroD, dw vI ivroD SurU kr idqw aus ny hOlI-hOlI keI pujwrI vI Awpxy nwl rlw ley[ keI inrmly qy audwsI swD, jo mnoN ihMdU sn, vI aus dy ihmwieqI bxny hI sn[ AwrIAw smwj nwl nyVqw rKx vwly Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr ivc vDyry sn; ies kr ky ies dIvwn ivc ienHW dw bolbwlw sI[ &rIdkot irAwsq dy rwjy ibkrmw isMG ƒ vI Kym isMG bydI vWg dIvwn ivc spYSl g`dy Aqy glIcy bYTx vwsqy imldy sI; auh vI ies kr ky Kym isMG dw ihmwieqI sI[ Kym isMG bydI dw iek tihlUAw (syvwdwr) Avqwr isMG vhIrIAw sI[ aus dy nW hyT Kym isMG qy ibkrmw isMG rwjw dy h`k ivc ilKqW Cpx lg peIAW sn[ ieh nIm-ihMdU soc vwly lok qW “isMG sBw” ƒ “AKOqI sihjDwrI jW ihMdU sBw” ivc bdlx dI koiSS vI kr rhy sn[ iek vwr qW ies dw nW „isMG sBw‟ dI QW „is`K sBw‟ r`Kx vwsqy rwvlipMfI isMG sBw ny ilKqI suJwA vI pyS kIqw sI[
aus vyly hwlwq ieh sn ik T`tw (nwBw irAwsq) ivc iek is`K ny AwpxI DI dw ivAwh AnMd kwrj dI rsm rwhIN kIqw qW bRwhmxW qy aunHW dy ip`Cl`g dsqwrDwrIAW ny ies dw bweIkwt kIqw qy bwrwq nUM Drmswlw ivc rihx nw id`qw[(Kwlsw A^bwr, 13 julweI 1894)[ drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dy pujwrIAW ny „duKBMjnI‟ byrI kol iek qsvIr lweI hoeI sI ijs ivc ihMdU dyvI cMfI gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM „vr‟ dyNdI idKweI hoeI sI (ies byrI dw nW duKBMjnI vI ihMdU pujwrIAW ny r`iKAw sI[ is`K Drm ivc iek byrI duK BMjnI nhIN ho skdI[ isr& rb dw nW jpxw hI duK BMjn hY)[ (Kwlsw A^bwr, 12 &rvrI 1897)[ qrnqwrn drbwr swihb dy pujwrIAW ny gurU Arjn swihb dw srwD kIqw[ (Kwlsw A^bwr, 8 AkqUbr 1897)[ ieh swry pujwrI Kym isMG bydI dy ihmwieqI sn[ inrol is`KI, pMQk pRcwr qy is`KI dy inAwrwpx dy ihmwieqI sn: pRo. gurmuK isMG, ig. idq isMG, kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw, BweI kwnH isMG nwBw, imhr isMG cwvlw vgYrw[ 1887 q`k hwlwq ieh bx gey sn ik Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr inrol is`KI pRcwr vwilAW dw Aqy Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Kym isMG bydI dw (nIm ihMdU) DVw bx cuky sn[ Kwlsw dIvwn lwhOr kol vDIAw ilKwrI vI sn Aqy aunHW kol AKbwr qy rswly vI sn[ 1886 ivc pRo. gurmuK isMG ny suDwrk mwhvwrI mYZzIn vI SurU kr ilAw sI[ ies ivc mUrqI pUjw Aqy gurU-bMs vwilAW dI AKOqI au~cqw dw ^Ub KMfn kIqw jWdw sI Aqy is`KI dy inAwrwpx dw pRcwr kIqw jWdw sI[ ieM\ hI rozwnw Kwlsw A^bwr, jo 13 jUn 1886 ƒ p`Qr Cwpy ‟qy Cpwxw SurU hoieAw sI, vI is`KI dy inAwrwpx dy nwl-nwl ividAk au~nqI, is`K qvwrI^, is`K klcr Aqy &ls&y bwry vDIAw sm`grI Cwp irhw sI[ dUjy pwsy isAwsI p`K qoN vI vKryvyN pYdw ho gey sn[ poR. gurmuK isMG AMgryz srkwr dI mu^wl&q krn dy h`k ivc nhIN sI qy aus ny (mhwrwjw) dlIp isMG dy h`k ivc CpI ^urSId Kwlsw ikqwb dy lyKk inhwl isMG ƒ isMG sBw lwhOr coN k`F vI id`qw sI[ dIvwn bUtw isMG (rwxI ijMd kOr dy swbkw hmdrd) dw vI iehI hSr hoieAw, ikauN ik aus ny aurdU ikqwb ^urSId Kwlsw dw pMjwbI qrjmw Cwp ky vMifAw sI[ AMimRqsr grup BwvyN AMdroN-AMdrI srkwr-pRsq sI, pr aunHW ny ivroD krn dI soc nwl lwhOr grup dy i^lw& stYNf lY ky dlIp isMG (mhwrwjw) dI ihmwieq krnI SurU kr id`qI[ 1887 dy SurU ivc Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr dI srprsqI hyT l`gI iek numwieS ivc dlIp isMG dI qsvIr lwey jwx nwl ies sbMDI AwpsI tkrwE hor vI vD igAw[ ienHIN idnIN drbwr swihb qy Akwl q^q swihb dy pujwrIAW ny AMgryzW dI cwplUsI dI iek hor Zlq hrkq kIqI[ jd
vwiesrwey AMimRqsr AwieAw qW aus nUM KMfy dI pwhul dyx dI rsm kr ky idKweI geI, Xwin numwieS kIqI geI[ (ikrpwl isMG, BweI vIr isMG dI ieiqhwsk rcnw, s&w 308)[
drbwr swihb ivc ibjlI: Bwvy Kym isMG bydI ƒ AMgryzI srkwr p`kw v&wdwr smJdI sI pr dlIp isMG dI qsvIr ny Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr ƒ srkwr dy Gr ivc bwZI bxw idqw[ srkwr ny AMimRqsr DVy ƒ is`KW dy numwieMidAW vjoN srkwrI bYTkW, kmytIAW Aqy AdwirAW ivc QW dyxI bMd kr idqI[ ienHIN idnIN hI drbwr swihb ivc ibjlI lwaux sbMDI do rwvW bx geIAW[ AMimRqsr DVw ibjlI dy h`k ivc sI[ rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot ny ies mksd vwsqy, rwxI ivktorIAw dI jublI dy nW qy 25 hzwr rupY dyx dw AYlwn vI kr id`qw[ dUjy pwsy, lwhOr DVy dy pRo. gurmuK isMG ies dy i^lw& sn[ ibjlI dI mu^wl&q krn kwrn AMimRqsr DVy ny pRo. gurmuK isMG Aqy ig. idq isMG dy i^lw& bVw pRcwr kIqw[ hwlq ieh ho gey ik drbwr swihb ‟qy kwbz AMimRqsrI DVy dy ihmwieqI pujwrIAW ny iek idn pRo. gurmuK isMG ƒ mMjI swihb qkrIr vI nw krn idqI[ hwlW ik sMgq aunHW ƒ suxn vwsqy pu`jI hoeI sI[ pr srbrwh ny qW pulIs vI bulweI hoeI sI ijs kol hukm sI ik jy poR. gurmuK isMG bolx dI koiSS kry qW aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw jwvy[ pRo. gurmuK isMG ny ies byiezqI ƒ BulwieAw nhIN[ aus ny jWidAW hI Awpxy rswly „suDwrk‟ ivc iek lyK ilK ky drbwr swihb ivc mUrqI pUjw Aqy hor A-is`K krm kWf dIAW kwrvweIAW dw pwj auGwiVAw[ aus ny pujwrIAW Aqy srbrwh ƒ ies dw izMmydwr TihrwieAw[ srbrwh Aqy pujwrIAW ny ies qoN iKJ ky prcwr krnw SurU kr idqw ik pRo. gurmuK isMG ny gurU gRMQ swihb dI byAdbI kIqI hY[ hux Kym isMG bydI qy pujwrI QW-QW jw ky pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& prcwr krn lg pey[ ienHW ny AMimRqsr Kwlsw dIvwn, rwvlipMfI isMG sBw Aqy &rIdkot dy rwjy ibkrmw isMG dy ihmwieqIAW ƒ vI nwl rlw ilAw[ ienHW ny pRo. gurmuK isMG qy hyT ilKy “doS” lwey: (1) aus ny Kwlsy dy ieq&wk Aqy au~nqI ivc ivroD dw bIj bIijAw hY (2) aus ny AMimRqsr dy Kwlsw dIvwn ƒ ‘msnUhI’ ikhw hY Aqy ies dy mukwbly ivc lwhOr ivc Kwlsw dIvwn bxwieAw hY (3) ies ny bwbw Kym isMG ƒ Kwlsw dIvwn ivc gdylw nw ivCwaux dyx vwsqy kwrvweIAW kIqIAW hn (4) BweI bwlw Aqy sumyr prbq dI hoNd ‟qy S`k prgt kIqw hY (5) auh gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUp ƒ jVH pdwrQ mMndw hY Aqy jd q`k gurU gRMQ swihb dI qwibAw koeI nw bYTw hovy audoN qk auh m`Qw nhIN tykdw[
pRo: gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& AKOqI hukmnwmw: ieh doS lw ky ies DVy ny &rIdkot ‟c iek mIitMg bulweI qy pRo. gurmuK isMG ƒ juAwb dyx vwsqy vI bulwieAw[ ieh vI crcw sI ik AMimRqsr DVw JgVw krvw ky aunHW ƒ irAwsqI pulIs koloN igR&qwr krvw dyvygw[ ies kr ky poR. gurmuK isMG au~Qy gey hI nhIN[ ies iek-iDrI bYTk ny pws kIqw ik BweI “gurmuK isMG jI sbMDI ieh rwie zwihr kIqI geI hI ik AYsIAW (aupr izkr kIqIAW pMj) Anuicq kwrvweIAW krn vwlw purS jd qoVI AwpxI B`ul nw bKSwey qd qoVI qA`lukwq isMG sBw Aqy Kwlsw dIvwn sy Alihdw rKxy Xog hY[” ies „mqy‟ hyTW rwjw ibkrmw isMG, Kym isMG bydI, sumyr isMG, sMq isMG igAwnI kpUrQlw, audY isMG vZYrw dy dsq^q sn[ mgroN AMimRqsr jnrl sBw qoN ies dI qweId krvweI geI[ ies hyTW kwhn isMG mjIiTAw, srdUl isMG igAwnI, fwktr crn isMG (ipqw BweI vIr isMG) Aqy drbwr swihb dy hor audwsI qy inrmly pujwrIAW Aqy gRMQIAW dy dsq^q vI krvwey gey[ies DVy ny eyQy hI bs nhIN kIqw[ ienHW ny rwvlipMfI, kpUrQlw, jlMDr, i&lOr, Swhkot, KmwxoN, GVUMAW, KrV, bUVIAw, nwrMgvwl, jMifAwlw, nvWSihr, kIrqpur, gujrWvwlw, isAwlkot, AnMdpur, ptnw, qlvMfI swbo Aqy Akwl qKq dy pujwrIAW qoN vI gurmuK isMG ƒ “pMQ ‘coN Kwrj” krn vwlw AKOqI-hukm(nwmw) jwrI krvwieAw[ ies DVy v`loN, AMimRqsr qoN Akwl qKq dy nW ‟qy jwrI krvwieAw igAw, n&rq qy eIrKw vwlw, AKOqI hukm(nwmw) ieh sI: hm jumly isMGwn pujwrIAn q^q swihb Akwl buMgw v drbwr swihb jI v bwbw Atl rwie jI v JMfw buMgw swihb v ShId buMgw swihb ny mulwhjy kwrvweI gurmuK isMG skiqR kw kIAw[ mwlUm hUAw hY ik ies S^s ny cMd jgw bri^lw& gurieSt ky qOhIn gurU gRMQ swihb v gurU AMs v gurbwnI ky qihrIr v qkrIr kIAw hY ijs sy swbq hoqw hY ik aus kw eykdwd is`K Drm sy iblkul bri^lw& hY[ ies vwsqy hm qmwm pujwrIAn v gRMQIAn v nMbrdwr gurduAwry hwie mddUh qihjIr krqy hYN ik gurmuK isMG mjkUr pMQ Kwlsw sy Alihdw kIAw igAw hY[ gurduAwry hwie mOsU& aus kI Ardws nw hogI v brqwau n hogw[ qmwm isMGwn ko vwizAw rhy ik koeI S^s aus kw pYrokwr nw ho[ jo S^s aus kI pYrvI krygw vuh BI bymuK lwiek qn^wh smJw jweygw[ AOr vYsw hI slUk aus ky swQ BI kIAw jwvygw[ Pkwq v qwrI^ sqvIN mwh cyq 418 gurU nwnkSwhI, muqwibk 18 mwrc sMn 1887. dsq^q hwzrIn isMGn v auhdydwrwAn v gRMQIAn v pujwrIAn: srdwr mwn isMG srbrwh gurduAwry swihbwn, s: kwnH isMG mjIiTAw reIs, BweI hrnwm isMG gRMQI drbwr swihb, BweI gulwb isMG mhMq Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI qyjw isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI jvwhr isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI pRqwp isMG, suMdr isMG, Syr isMG, BweI krm isMG ArdwsIAw drbwr swihb, srdwr jsvMq isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Twkr isMG pujwrI, BweI dyvw isMG DUpIAw, BweI mulqwnw isMG, BweI sMqw isMG pujwrI, BweI hridq isMG ArdwsIAw, BweI mhW isMG, BweI tyk isMG p`qIdwr Akwl buMgIAw, cMcl isMG, gulwb isMG Akwl buMgIAw p`qIdwr, gulwb isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Aqr isMG Akwl buMgIAw, BweI nwrwiex isMG nMbrdwr bwbw At`l rwie swihb jI, BweI jvwhr isMG, BweI DMnw isMG bwbw Atl rwie jI dy suKeI, BweI drbwrw isMG JMfy buMgIAw, BweI ikrpwl isMG jI JMfy buMgIAw, gurid`q isMG inSwncI, BweI sMq isMG nMbrdwr, BweI nwrwiex isMG jI gRMQI qrn qwrn swihb[
ij`Qy-ij`Qy &rIdkotI rwjy, Kym isMG bydI, srbrwh pRdumx isMG, sumyr isMG, sMq isMG igAwnI kpUrQlw vgYrw dy sbMD sn, au~QoN pRo gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& ic`TIAW ilKvwaux mgroN AMimRqsrI DVw Q`k igAw[ hux lwhOr isMG sBw ny vI pRo: gurmuK isMG dy h`k ivc muihMm SurU kr idqI[ AprYl 1887 ivc ivswKI dy mOky ‟qy AMimRqsr ivc lwhOr Kwlsw dIvwn, pitAwlw, rwjpurw, jlMDr, liDAwxw, qrnqwrn, AMbwlw, iBMfr vgYrw, kul 19 isMG sBwvW dw iek`T hoieAw[ aus ivc pRo: gurmuK isMG dI ihmwieq ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw[ ies dy jvwb ivc AMimRqsrI DVy ny vI AwpxI mIitMg kIqI ijs ivc rwvlipMfI, AMimRqsr, &rIdkot Aqy pihlW dsq^q kr cukIAW isMG sBwvW dy nMumwieMdy Swiml hoey[ ies mOky ‟qy iek is`K ny 40 nukiqAW vwlw, iek A`T s&y dw, KulHw ^q vMifAw[ ies ivc AMimRqsrI DVy ‟qy is`KI dy ault clx dy doS lwey hoey sn[ aus ƒ ies mIitMg iv`coN k`ut-mwr ky k`F id`qw igAw[ aus is`K dy lwey ielzwmW ivcoN muK ieh sn: 1. gurU dI hzUrI ivc gdyly lw ky bYTxw 2. ds pwiqSwhIAW qy gurU gRMQ swihb qoN ibnW bwrHvIN, qyrHvIN qy cOdHvIN pwiqSwhI AKvwauxw 3. jnyaU pwauxw 4. dwVHI ƒ vsmw lw ky kwlw krnw 5. ihMdU mUrqIAW dI pUjw krnw vgYrw[ ies mgroN, 16 AprYl 1887 dy idn, ig: idq isMG ny Kwlsw A^bwr dw iek cwr s&y dw zmImw CwipAw[ ies ivc aunHW dy ilKy “supn nwtk” dI iek ikSq vI sI[ ies ‟qy rwjw &rIdkot Aqy Kym isMG bydI
bhuq gu`sy ivc Awey Aqy aunHW ny ig: idq isMG ‟qy mukdmw krn dI DmkI idqI[ ig: idq isMG ny muk`dmy dy c`kr qoN bcx vwsqy Agly AMk ivc (qy mgroN keI vwr vI) ieh iliKAw ik “ies nwtk ivc hMkwr Aqy dMB dI siq (scweI) AOr suihrdqw ivckwr klipq lVweI dw izkr hY, ijvyN pRboD cMdr nwtk ivc moh Aqy ibbyk dI lVweI dI klpnw pyS kIqI hY[ swfw iksy dy inj bwry ilKx dw koeI ArQ nhIN hY[” pr igAwnI idq isMG dI ies s&weI dI prvwh nw krdy hoey irAwsq &rIdkot dy iek nOkr audX isMG rwhI ig: idq isMG ‟qy mukdmw krvw id`qw igAw[ h`qk ie`zq dy ies kys dw swrw ^rcw rwjw &rIdkot Aqy Kym isMG bydI ny idqw[ dUjy pwsy igAwnI idq isMG dy if&YNs dw Krcw Aqr isMG BdOV Aqy kMvr ibkrm isMG ny id`qw[ A^Ir Adwlq ny ig: idq isMG ƒ 51 rupY hrjwnw Brn vwsqy &Yslw idqw[ ig: idq isMG ny ies &Ysly dy i^lw& ApIl kIqI[ sYSn j`j ny ApIl mnzUr kr ky ig: idq isMG ƒ brI kr idqw[ ies kys dy ^qm hox mgroN vI dohW iDrW ivc coKI rMijS bxI rhI[
mu`FlI lIfriSp dw tur jwxw: ig. idq isMG ‟qy mu`kdmw SurU hox qoN CyqI hI ip`CoN, iek-iek kr ky isMG sBw lihr dy swry moFI AwgU cVHweI krn lg pey[ sB qoN pihlW, 8 meI 1887 dy idn kMvr ibkrm isMG kpUrQlw (jlMDr), iPr 18 sqbMr 1887 ƒ Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw (jo audoN jlwvqn ho ky pWfIcrI ivc rihMdy sn), 10 jUn 1896 ƒ Aqr isMG BdOV, 8 Agsq 1898 nUM rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot, 9 jUn 1898 ƒ fw: jY isMG, 24 sqMbr 1898 ƒ pRo: gurmuK isMG qy 6 sqMbr 1901 ƒ ig: idq isMG ies &wnI dunIAW ƒ Alivdw kih gey[ ies nwl isMG sBw lihr dw pihlw pVwA ^qm ho igAw[ hux AMimRqsr Aqy lwhOr DVy dI t`kr vI ^qm ho geI[
isMG sBw lihr dI dyx: 1. is`KW ivc Awpxy inAwrwpx dw Aihsws pYdw hoieAw qy aunHW ƒ ihMdU Drm dw iek AMg bxwaux dI ihMdU swizS nwkmXwb ho geI 2. is`KW ny Awpxy sskwr iPr Kwlsw irvwieqW muqwibk krny SurU kr idqy 3. drbwr swihb ivcoN klipq ihMdU dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW htw ky ies ƒ inrol is`K sYNtr bxwieAw igAw Aqy is`KW ivc p`Qr-pUjw qy mUrqI-pUjw kwiem hox qoN Cutkwrw imilAw[ (ienHW mUrqIAW nUM htwaux ivc v`fw rol ArUV isMG srbrwh dw sI[ ArUV isMG 1919 ivc fwier nUM isropw dyx kwrn bdnwm hoieAw sI, vrnw aus dw bwkI rol kwbly-qwrI& sI) 4. gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc gdyly htwey jwx nwl gurU-bMs dy nW ‟qy gurU-fMm kwiem hoxoN ruk igAw 5. mYks AwrQr mYkwil& qoN AMgryzI ivc is`K ieiqhws ilKvwieAw igAw Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy kuJ ih`sy dw AMgryzI qrjmw vI krvwieAw igAw 6. AMimRqsr ivc Kwlsw kwlj kwiem krn dw pRwjYkt vI isMG sBw ny hI auBwirAw sI 7. isMG sBw lihr dy AwgUAW ny is`K Drm Aqy qvwrI^ sbMDI iek sO dy krIb ikqwbW Aqy sYNkVy trYkt vI Cwpy[ ies nwl lokW ivc jwgo AweI 8. iesy lihr dy Asr hyTW rozwnw, h&qwvwrI Aqy mwhvwrI rswly vI SurU hoey ijs nwl is`K jrnilzm Aqy pMjwbI jrnilzm dw mu`F b`Jw 9. ies lihr ny bhuq swry is`K AwgU, vrkr, lyKk, pRo&Ysr, ausqwd, vkIl, A^bwr nvIs pYdw kIqy[ mgroN ienHW ny is`KI prcwr qy is`KW ivc kOmIAq dw Aihsws qoN ielwvw aunHW ivc isAwsI h`kW vwsqy sUJ pYdw kIqI 10. is`KW ivc smwj suDwr, ividAw, igAwn dw bhuq prswr hoieAw[ 1850 ivc iek AMgryz ilKwrI ny iliKAw sI ik “25 swl bwAd pMjwb ivc dsqwr nhIN idsxI[” isMG sBw lihr ny ies nUM Zlq swibq kr ky idkw id`qw[ ieh isMG sBw dw kmwl sI ik ies dy Asr hyTW is`KW dI AwbwdI ijhVI ik 1868 ivc 11 l`K 41 hzwr 848 sI, isr& 10-12 swl ivc hI vD ky 1881 ivc hoeI pihlI mrdm SumwrI ivc ieh igxqI 18 l`K 53 hzwr 428 ho geI sI, Xwin ik s`q l`K dw vwDw (60% qoN vI izAwdw) hoieAw sI[iesy lihr dw iek ih`sw Kwlsw trYkt suswietI sI ijhVI 1894 ivc AkwlI kOr isMG dI AgvweI ivc kwiem hoeI sI[iesy lihr hyTW 1906 ivc qyjw isμG BsOV ny pμc Kwlsw dIvwn kwiem kIqw[ &Irozpur ivc BweI qKq isμG ny is`K kμinAw pwTSwlw, kYroN ipMf ivc inhwl isμG ny ^wlsw Bujμgx AwSrm qy BsOV ivc qyjw isμG ny iesqrI ividAw Bμfwr Kol ky iesqrI ividAw dw ^Ub prcwr kIqw.
isMG sBw lihr dy AwgU
Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw,Arjn isMG bwgVIAW
Aqr isMG BdOV, kMvr ibkrmw isMG
pRo gurmuK isMG, igAwnI id`q isMG
Kym isMG bydI, rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)