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Sikh political Struggle (1926-1940 + Gandhi & Sikhs+ Role of foolish Sikh leaders in 1926-1940)

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isAwsI h`kW vwsqy j`dojihd
(1926-1940)
(All this material is copy right of Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer)
sweImn kimSn dI ivroDqw ivc is`KW dI SmUlIAq
kWgrs dw is`KW nwl pihlw v`fw ivswhGwq (nihrU irport)
isvl nw-&urmwnI
Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg qy AkwlI dl dw jvwby-Aml (Reaction)
isvl nw-&urmwnI qy SRomxI AkwlI dl
gWDI ny fμfy Kwx vwsqy is`K mμgvwey
ipSwvr c gμgw isμG kμboj dy pirvwr dw kql
mwstr qwrw isμG dw ipSwvr nUM j`Qw
gurduAwrw sIs gμj id`lI ’qy golI
gol-myz kwn&rμsW
i&rkU &Yslw dI mu^wl&q qy is`K qy AwgUAW v`loN pMQ dI hyTI krvwauxw
XUintI kwn&rμsW
qIjI gol-myz kwn&rμs
muslmwnW dI is`KW nwl izAwdqI
gurduAwrw ShId gμj isMGxIAW
kot BweI Qwn isμG
ikRpwn ’qy pwbμdI
is`K AwgUAW dI Awps ivc kbwielI jMg
srbq Kwlsw kwn&rμs
bwbw KVk isμG dw mslw
kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc is`K rμg dw mslw qy bwbw KVk isMG
bwbw KVk isMG dw fskw morcw
Kwlsw drbwr ivc vI Pu`t
nvyN AkwlI dlW dI kwiemI
iek DVy ny KVk isMG nUM pμQ dw ‘ifktytr’ bxwieAw
smJOqw krvwaux vwsqy gursyvk sBw
bwbw jvwlw isMG qy bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr swls bxy
gWDI dI is`K Drm nwl n&rq
SyrW dI &Oj dy gDy jrnYl
ikqwbwvlI (ibblIEgrw&I)

isAwsI h`kW vwsqy j`dojihd
sweImn kimSn dI ivroDqw ivc is`KW dI SmUlIAq
1926 qk is`KW dI isAwsI nuμmwieμdgI sYNtrl is`K lIg kr rhI sI[ sYNtrl is`K lIg dw jnm dsμbr 1919 ivc hoieAw sI pr isr& iek swl dy Aμdr-Aμdr hI, 28-29 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn, is`K lIg ’qy AkwlI-soc vwilAW dw kbzw ho igAw[ pr sYNtrl is`K lIg nw qW isAwsI p`KoN Aqy nw hI Dwrimk p`KoN koeI Aihm rol Adw kr skI[ auN\ ies dI kmwn aunHW AwgUAW dy h`Q ivc hI sI jo SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dy muKI AwgU sn[ pr 1920 ivc KVk isMG dw kbzw hox mgroN vI ies jQybMdI ny koeI rol Adw nhIN kIqw[ ienHW dw v`fw kMm isr& mqy pws krnw hI irhw[

gurduAwrw AYkt hyT jUn 1926 ivc sYNtrl borf (SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI) dIAW coxW hoeIAW[ coxW ivc bwbw KVk isμG-mwstr qwrw isμG DVy ny zbrdsq kwmXwbI hwisl kIqI[ ies mgroN ies DVy dw nW ‘‘AkwlI pwrtI’’ vjoN jwixAw jwx lg ipAw Aqy dUjw DVw ijs dy muK AwgU srdwr bhwdr mihqwb isμG Aqy ig: Syr isμG sn (jo ienHW coxW qoN pihlW ‘SRomxI kmytI DVw’ vjoN jwixAw jWdw sI)[ SrqW mMn ky irhweIAW lYx kwrn ieh DVw imlvrqxIAw DVw qy ‘SrqW mμnU DVw’ vjoN mShUr ho igAw[ kw&I dyr qk dovyN DVy iek dUjy qy ielzwm lwauNdy rhy qy keI vwr qW aunHW dI l`&wzI GtIAw drjy dI vI ho jwieAw krdI sI[ ^Yr, ieh mwhOl keI mhIny cldw irhw pr SRomxI kmytI ’qy ‘‘AkwlI pwrtI’’ dy kbzy qoN kuJ icr mgroN ies ielzwm-bwzI dI qyzI Gt geI qy hOlI-hOlI aunHW dI srgrmI vI Gt geI[

jUn 1926 ivc hoeIAW SRomxI kmytI dIAW coxW mgroN 2 AkqUbr dy idn ies nvIN kmytI dw bwkwiedw iejlws hoieAw qy ies ivc bwbw KVk isμG pRDwn qy mwstr qwrw isμG mIq pRDwn cuxy gey[ ieM\ sYNtrl is`K lIg, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI Aqy SRomxI kmytI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dI kmwn ie`ko DVy kol hI Aw geI[

1926 qk SRomxI AkwlI dl ny isr& Dwrimk kwrvweIAW ƒ hI ApxwieAw sI Aqy isAwsI msilAW ’qy nuμmwieμdgI vwsqy sYNtrl is`K lIg dw nW hI vriqAw jWdw sI[ 1927 ivc Bwrq ivc AsYNblIAW Aqy hor isAwsI jmwqW ivc v`K-v`K kOmW qy DrmW dI nuμmwieμdgI dw mslw, 1916 vWg, Pyr BiKAw hoieAw sI[ muslmwn mihsUs krdy sn ik ihμdU aunHW nwl ivqkrw krdy sn qy aunHW ƒ aunHW dy isAwsI qy Dwrimk h`k dyx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sn[ muslmwn kWgrs pwrtI ƒ isr& ihμdU jmwq hI mμndy sn[ ies vyly qk is`KW ny ies nukqy ’qy vDyry pyS-kdmI nhIN kIqI sI ikauNik auh Ajy gurduAwirAW dI AwzwdI dI j`dojihd ivc ru`Jy hoey sn[ gurduAwrw AYkt bxn mgroN sYNtrl is`K lIg ny ies pwsy vl iDAwn dyxw SurU kr idqw[ pr ies msly qy isr& is`K lIg hI nhIN blik AkwlI dl dy Jμfy hyT vI pUrI srgrmI nwl kwrvweIAW ho rhIAW sn[

mwrc 1927 ivc, lwrf ierivn ny Bwrq srkwr dy AYkt 1919 dI d&w 84 hyT, iek kimSn kwiem krn dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies kimSn ny Bwrq dy lokW ƒ isAwsI irAwieqW qy shUlqW dyx bwry is&wrSW krnIAW sn qy ies dy nwl hI Awaux vwly isAwsI inzwm ivc v`K-v`K DrmW/kOmW dI nuμmwieμdgI dw &Yslw vI krnw sI[

BwvyN lwrf irpn ny kimSn bnwaux dw AYlwn mwrc ivc kIqw sI pr ies ƒ Aml ivc ilAwaux vwsqy 8 mhIny lg gey[ 8 nvμbr 1927 dy idn sr jwhn sweImn dI AgvweI ivc ies kimSn dy mYNbrW dy nWvW dw AYlwn kIqw igAw[ ikauNik ies kimSn dy muKI sr jwhn sweImn sn, ies kr ky iek dw nW ‘sweImn kimSn’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ ies kimSn ivc iqμnW brqwnvI isAwsI pwrtIAW dy 7 mYNbr sn[ brqwnvI srkwr vloN AYlwny gey ies kimSn ivc koeI vI mYNbr ihMdU, is`K jW muslmwn nhIN sI[

dsμbr 1927 ivc kWgrs pwrtI dw sYSn mdrws ivc hoieAw[ ies sYSn ivc kWgrs pwrtI ny sweImn kimSn dy bweIkwt dw PYslw kIqw ikauN ik ies ivc iek vI BwrqI Swiml nhIN sI[ ies vyly kWgrs pwrtI Aqy sYNtrl is`K lIg (qy SRomxI AkwlI dl) iek dUjy nwl pUrw isAwsI imlvrqx kr rhy sn[ 16 jnvrI 1928 dy idn SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI iek mIitμg dl dy pRDwn aUDm isμG nwgoky dI pRDwngI hyT hoeI[ ies mIitμg ivc sweImn kimSn dw bweIkwt krn dw PYslw kIqw igAw (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 18 qy 22 jnvrI 1928)[

26 jnvrI 1928 dy idn pμjwb dIAW swrIAW isAwsI jQybμdIAW dw iek jlsw jilHAW vwlw bwZ ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, hIrw isμG drd, fwktr sY&-aud-dIn ikclU, fwktr s`q pwl qy mOlwnw zPr AlI ^wn ny qkrIrW kIqIAW Aqy lokW ƒ sweImn kimSn dw mukμml bweIkwt krn vwsqy AwiKAw[ ies BrvyN iek`T vwly jlsy dw ieμqzwm SRomxI AkwlI dl ny hI kIqw sI[

SRomxI AkwlI dl dy bulwvy ’qy iek Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs 29 jnvrI 1928 dy idn gurU rwmdws lμgr vwly hwl (drbwr swihb) AμimRqsr ivc hoeI[ ies iek`T ivc 150 dy krIb sInIAr AkwlI AwgU Aqy sYNkVy vrkr Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: mwstr qwrw isμG, ig: Syr isμG, s:b. mihqwb isμG, au~jl isμG AYm.AYl.sI. mμgl isμG ig`l, hIrw isμG drd, bwbw KVk isμG qy hrb^S isμG AYm.AYl.sI.[ ies kwn&rμs ny vI lokW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik sweImn kimSn dw mukμml bweIkwt kIqw jwvy[ iesy iek`T ny ieh vI mqw pws kIqw ik ‘‘i&rkyvwrwnw coxW dyS vwsqy GwtyvμdIAW hn pr ikauNik kWgrs Aqy muslm lIg ny ies ƒ mμn ilAw hY ies kr ky is`KW dw &Yslw ieh hY ik is`KW ƒ pμjwb ivc qIjw ih`sw sItW id`qIAW jwx qy inzwm ivc vI eynw hI ih`sw imly[ is`K iksy vI hwlq ivc i&rkU nuμmwieμdgI dy ADwr ’qy cuxI iek`lI AksrIAq hyTW rihxw nhIN shwrngy[ mdrws kWgrs ivc ihμdU-musilm h`kW bwry pws hoey, pμjvyN ih`sy vwly sWJy i&kryvwr msly vwly nukqy, is`KW au~pr vI lwgU kIqyy jwx[ isμD Aqy srh`dI sUby ivc Gt-igxqI is`KW dI rwKI kIqI jwvy[’’ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 31 jnvrI 1928)

3 &rvrI 1928 dy idn sweImn kimSn bμbeI (hux muμbeI) pu`jw[ ies idn kWgrs pwrtI ny Bwrq ivc keI QWeIN ros muzwhry kIqy[ pμjwb ivc vI keI QWeIN in`ky-moty jlUs inkly qy A`D-pc`DI hVqwl vI hoeI[ pr lwhOr ivc hVqwl kwmXwb nw ho skI (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 4 &rvrI 1928)[ kWgrs dy s`dy ’qy BwvyN lwhOr ’c hVqwl kwmXwb nw hoeI pr Agly h&qy hI SRomxI AkwlI dl ny, 10 &rvrI ƒ, lwhOr ’c sweImn dy i^lwP jlUs k`Fx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies jlUs ivc 30 hzwr dy krIb lok Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN qkrIbn 20 hzwr nIlIAW p`gW vwly AkwlI sn[ ies mOky qy bwbw KVk isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, srdUl isμG kvISr Aqy hornW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ ies ros jlUs ƒ iKμfwaux vwsqy pulIs ny lwTIcwrj kIqw[ ies lwTIcwrj ivc fw. s`q pwl, lwlw Aicμq rwm, svwmI ENkwr nμd Aqy AbdUl mjId vZYrw ƒ vI s`tW lgIAW[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 14 mwrc 1928)[

iek pwsy qW KwVkU-sur vwly ieh AkwlI AwgU kWgrs nwl rl ky sweImn kimSn dy i^lw& muzwhry kr rhy sn dUjy pwsy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy ies dy ihmwieqIAW ny sweImn kimSn kol pyS ho ky is`KW dw p`K pyS krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ienHW dI iek mIitμg 24 jnvrI 1928 dy idn rwjwsWsI (AμimRqsr) ivc lY&tInYNt rGubIr isμG dy s`dy ’qy hoeI[ ies ivc sr joigμdrw isμG (zrwieq vzIr, pμjwb) qoN ielwvw pμjwb kONsl dy kuJ is`K mYNbr Aqy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy kuJ AwgU swiml hoey[ ienHW ny ies mIitμg ivc ‘‘sYNtrl is`K AYsosIeySn’’ nW dI jQybμdI bnwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ ienHW ivcoN keI AwgU pihloN ‘‘sYNtrl is`K lIg’’ nwl vI sbμDq sn pr AkqUbr 1920 ivc aus ’qy KwVkU AkwlI DVy dw kbzw ho jwx mgroN ieh lok aus qoN dUr ho gey sn qy aunHW ny ies dy mukwbly ’qy ieh jQybμdI bxweI geI sI[ ies mIitμg ny &Yslw kIqw ik sweImn kimSn kol pyS ho ky is`KW dw p`K zrUr pyS kIqw jwvy[ ies sbμD ivc pws kIqw igAw ik ‘‘AsIN ies sUby ivc zmIn dy bhuq v`fy ih`sy dy mwilk hW Aqy srkwr ƒ qIjy ih`sy qoN v`D lgwn dyNdy hW[ brqwnIAW dI Bwrq ivc &OjI qvwrI^ ivc vI swfw irkwrf byimswl hY[ mulk nwl v&wdwrI Aqy swfIAW kurbwnIAW kr ky ^ws shUlqW sbμDI swfw dwAvw shI hY[’’ (itRibaUn, 25 jnvrI 1928)[ ies mIitμg ivc ieh mμg vI kIqI geI ik is`KW ƒ sYNtr Aqy sUbweI vzwrqW ivc ih`sw idqw jwvy Aqy vwiesrwey dI kONsl ivc vI iek is`K Swiml kIqw jwvy[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 27 jnvrI 1928)[ auN\ ies mIitμg ny vI, kWgrs qy AkwlI dl vWg, ies kimSn ivc iksy BwrqI ƒ Swiml nw krn qy ros zwihr kIqw[

‘sYNtrl is`K AYsosIeySn’ dw iek fYpUtySn 13 mwrc 1928 dy idn sweImn kimSn ƒ imilAw Aqy ies A`gy is`KW dw kys pyS kIqw[ iesy DVy dy ihmwieqI ‘cI& Kwlsw dIvwn’ dw iek fYpUtySn, v`Kry qOr qy vI, sweImn kimSn kol pyS hoieAw Aqy mμg kIqI ik ‘‘i&rkU numwieμdgI pUrI qrHW ^qm kr idqI jwvy Aqy gvrnr ƒ isr& rwjsI muKI bxw idqw jwvy[ aus kol isr& vIto dw A^iqAwr hovy[ &nWs Aqy inzwm (AYfminstrySn) dy swry h`k AsYNblI kol hoxI[’’ ieμ\ imlvrqxIey is`K AwgUAW ny vI nrm sur ivc is`K h`kW dI g`l kIqI[ aunHW vloN sweImn kimSn kol pyS ho ky is`K kys pyS krn dI vjh ieh sI ik auh srkwr qoN bwZI ho ky nhIN sn KVonw cwhuμdy, nw ik auh ieh mihsUs krdy sn ik kWgrs pwrtI vylw Awaux qy is`KW nwl v&w inBweygI[ auN\ aunHW idnW ivc vI kWgrs dy bhuq swry ihμdU AwgU is`KW, pμjwbI bolI Aqy gurmu`KI il`pI dy i^lw& Sry-Awm AYNtI-is`K pRwpygμfw krdy rihμdy sn[

ienHW ivcoN sB qoN mUhry lwlw lwjpq rwey (Fu`fIky ipMf dw Agrvwl, bwxIAw) sI[ lwlw lwjpq rwey is`KI ivc SrDw rKx vwly iek ihMdU pirvwr ivcoN sI[ keI swl auh kysDwrI irhw sI qy dwVHI vI bμinHAw krdw sI (vyKo lwlw lwjpq rwey dI 1905 dI &oto, iesy ikqwb ivc)[ ieh aunHW idnW dI g`l hY jdoN auh vkwlq krdw huμdw sI[ auh AwrIAw smwj ivc Swiml hox mgroN is`K Drm Aqy is`KW ƒ byh`d n&rq krn lg ipAw sI[ jdoN 1907 ivc AjIq isμG qy lwlw lwjpq rwey ƒ bZwvq dy doS ivc igR&qwr kIqw igAw qW lwly ny iek qrIky nwl, muAw&I mμg leI sI qy aus lihr qoN ip`Cy ht igAw sI[ ies mgroN aus ny kys-dwVHI ktvw ley[ ies kr ky aus dI mW, gulwb dyvI, aus ’qy JurdI bImwr ho ky cVHweI kr geI[

ieh vI izkr AwauNdw hY ik lwlw iek kurpt AwdmI vI sI[ aus ny (1914-18) dy ZdrI AwgUAW dy nW ’qy knyfw ivcoN 70 hzwr rupY (audoN dy) iek`Ty kIqy Aqy Awp hVp ley[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny ies dy i^lw& pRYs ivc Awvwz vI auTweI sI[ nwnkwxw swihb, jYqo dy swikAW sbμDI Kws kr ky, Aqy gurduAwrw suDwr lihr bwry Awm kr ky, lwlw lwjpq rwey ny byh`d AYNtI-is`K nzrIey dw iezhwr kIqw sI[ lwly dI ‘‘srvYNts Aw& d pIpl’’ nW dI pwrtI is`KW dy i^lwP GtIAw drjy dw pRcwr krdI rihμdI sI[ iesy pwrtI dw lwlw sohn lwl qW gurU swihb Aqy AkwlI dl dy i^lw& Aksr boldw rihμdw sI[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 3 jUn 1927, jsvMq isMG, jIvn mwstr qwrw isMG, s&w 108)[ lwlw lwjpq rwey ^ud vI pμjwbI bolI dy i^lw& Aksr boldw rihμdw sI[ aus ny qW iek vwr pμjwbI bolI i^lw& vI jhwd-ijhw vI KVw kIqw sI[ kWgrs pwrtI ny kdy vI is`K-n&rq nwl Bry lwlw lwjpq vrgy ienHW i&rkU ihμdUAW ƒ n`Q nhIN pweI sI sgoN ieh pwrtI ienHW ƒ mUhrlI QW idAw krdI sI[ ies sUrq ivc AkwlI dl vloN kWgrs pwrtI dI ibnw-Srq ihmwieq byvkU&I qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[

auDr sweImn k imSn dw dOrw Ajy cl irhw sI[ ies dOrwn sweImn kimSn ny 30 AkqUbr dy idn lwhOr Awauxw sI[ 28 AkqUbr ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl ny PYslw kIqw ik 30 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn sweImn kimSn dI lwhOr Awmd ’qy zbrdsq muzwhrw kIqw jwvy[

30 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn lwhOr rylvy stySn qy qkrIbn 7000 dy hzUm ny ‘‘sweImn kimSn go bYk’’ dy nwAirAW nwl Awsmwn gUμjw id`qw[ ies mzwhry dI AgvweI kr rhy sn: mwstr qwrw isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, mμgl isμG, srdUl isμG kvISr, sohn isμG joS, mdn mohn mwlvIAw, mOlvI Abdul kwdr, lwlw hμs rwj, fw. gopI cμd, fw. sqpwl, lwlw lwjpq rwey qy hor keI AwgU[ ies jlUs ivc pulIs ny lwTIcwrj vI kIqw[ ies mOky qy iek Aμgryz A&sr ny hμtr nwl AwgUAW ’qy vwr kIqw[ hμtr dw pihlw vwr lwly ’qy Aqy dUjw fw. s`qpwl qy hoieAw[ ies qoN ielwvw hornW ƒ vI hμtrW qy lwTIAW dw iSkwr hoxw ipAw[ ies mOky qy rweyzwdw hμs rwj, fw. gopI cμd, fw s`q pwl, lwlw hμsrwj qy Abdul kwdr z^mI hoey[ (lwlw lwjpq rwey ƒ koeI s`t nhIN l`gI sI)[ {itRibaUn, 31 AkqUbr qy 1 nvMbr 1928, rozwnw AkwlI qy pRdysI 2 nvMbr 1928)}[

dupihr iqμn vjy ieh swrw hzUm id`lI drvwzy ’qy Pyr iek`Tw hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc keI AwgUAW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ qkrIrW qoN bwAd hwzr lokW ny Pyr iek jlUs k`iFAw[ ies vyly qk 15000 qoN v`D lok iek`Ty ho cuky sn[ ies jlUs ƒ ‘svrwj jlUs’ dw nW idqw igAw[ ies jlUs dI AgvweI fwktr gopI cμd (ijnHW dw isr lwTIAW dI mwr nwl su`ijAw hoieAw sI), fw. sqpwl (ijnHW dI bWh lwTIAW dI mwr nwl burI qrHW z^mI hoeI nzr Aw rhI sI) qy hornW ny kIqI (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 30 AkqUbr 1928)[

mgroN lwlw lwjpq rwey 17 nvμbr ƒ idl dw dOrw pYx nwl mr igAw[ ies qoN bhuq icr mgroN sI.Awr. dws dI Gr vwlI ny lwly dI ‘idl dy dOry nwl hoeI mOq’ ƒ ‘lwTIAW nwl hoeI mOq’ nwl joVn dI g`l SurU kIqI geI[ hwlW ik muzwhry vwly idn lwlw lwjpq rwey ƒ zrw vI JrIt qk nhIN AweI sI[ aus dy idl dy dOry dw kwrn, mwstr qwrw isMG v`loN aus qoN knyfw qy AmrIkw dy is`KW qoN, Zdr pwrtI dy kYd AwgUAW dy prvwrW vwsqy iek`Ty kIqy 70 hzwr rupY (audoN dy), dw ihswb mMgxw sI; ieh rkm lwlw lwjpq rwey ny Awp hVp leI sI[
(sweImn kimSn dw dOrw kuJ idn hor cldw irhw) mgroN ies kimSn ny Awpxy dOry dOrwn lokW nwl hoeIAW mulwkwqW sbμDI AwpxI irport brqwnvI skrwr ƒ pyS kIqI[ ieh irprort meI 1930 ivc CpI[ ies irport ivc ‘‘sYNtrl is`K AYsosIeySn’’ vloN idqIAW dlIlW ƒ shI mμnidAW is`KW dy h`kW dw ^ws i^Awl rKx dI is&wrS kIqI geI sI[
bwrdOlI AYjItySn: ienHW idnW ivc kWgrs pwrtI ny bwrdOlI ivc AYjItySn SurU kr id`qI[ gWDI ny ies vwsqy AkwlI dl qoN vI mdd mμgI[ 27 meI 1928 ƒ AkwlI dl ny iek qwr Byj ky gWDI ƒ mdd dw XkIn idvwieAw[ AkwlI dl ny 12 jUn 1928 dw idn ‘bwrdOlI idn’ vjoN mnwieAw[

SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI iek mIitμg dl dy pRDwn gopwl isμG kOmI dI pRDwngI hyT 14 julweI 1928 dy idn hoeI[ ies ivc iqμn Aihm mqy pws kIqy gey: sweImn kimSn dw bweIkwt kIqw jwvy, bwrdOlI AYjItySn ’c ih`sw lYx vwilAW dI qwrI& kIqI geI qy (qIjy mqy rwhIN) ies morcy vwsqy j`Qw Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ bwrdOlI dI AYjItySn 6 Agsq 1928 ƒ ^qm hoeI[

kWgrs dw is`KW nwl pihlw v`fw ivswhGwq
nihrU irport: 8 nvμbr 1927 dy idn jdoN ibRitS srkwr ny sweImn kimSn bnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw sI qW ies dy nwl hI brqwnIAW dy sYktrI &wr styt Aw& ieμfIAw lwrf bIrknhY~f ny BwrqI isAwsdwnW ƒ ieh vI cYlμj kIqw sI ik auh Awpxy mulk dy i&rkU msly dy h`l vwsqy koeI sWJw &wrmUlw nhIN lB skdy[ ies cYlμj ƒ kbUl kridAW Bwrq dIAW swrIAW isAwsI pwrtIAW ny koiSSW SurU kr id`qIAW[ iesy sbμD ivc mdrws ivc hoey kWgrs pwrtI dy sYSn ivc 28 dsμbr 1927 dy idn ies sbμDI BrpUr ivcwrW kIqIAW geIAW[ drAsl pihloN 15-16 meI 1927 dy idn kWgrs pwrtI dI vrikμg kmytI ny iek mqw pws kIqw sI ijs muqwibk sWJIAW coxW dI gl qslIm kIqI geI sI pr ieh vI &Yslw kIqw igAw sI ik v`K-v`K Gt-igxqI i&rikAW vwsqy aunHW dI AwbwdI dy ihswb nwl, AwpsI-dupwsV vμf nwl, sItW rwKvIAW kIqIAW jwx[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik jy ihμdU bhu-igxqI sUby ivc musilm Gt-igxqI vwsqy sItW rwKvIAW rKIAW jwxgIAW qW ies dy bdly ivc musilm bhu-igxqI sUby ’c ausy qnwsb nwl ihμdUAW vwsqy vI sItW rwKvIAW rKIAW jwxgIAW[ BwvyN 15-16 meI 1927 dw ieh mqw qknIkI qOr ’qy is`KW qy vI lwgU huμdw sI pr, drAsl, ieh bymwAnw sI ikauNik is`K iksy hor i&rky vwsqy iksy hor sUby ivc sItW nhIN sn dy skdy, ikauNik auh iksy vI sUby ivc bhu-igxqI ivc nhIN sn[

bμbeI kWgrs dy mqy dy i^lw& is`KW ny bhuq Awvwz auTweI[ ies kr ky 28 dsμbr 1927 ƒ kWgrs dy mdrws sYSn ’c mwstr qwrw isμG ny ieh mqw riKAw ik ‘‘pμjwb ivc jdoN numwieμdgI dw svwl h`l kIqw jwvygw qW is`KW dy h`kW dw, ^ws AihmIAq r`Kx vwlI Gt-igxqI hox dy kwrn, iKAwl riKAw jwvygw[’’ mwstr jI dw ieh mqw ies kWgrs sYSn ivc iek-rwey nwl pws kr id`qw igAw[ (iesy hI sYSn ivc sweImn kimSn dw bweIkwt krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw sI)[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 30 dsMbr 1927)[

ies qoN bwAd 29 jnvrI 1928 dy idn AμimRqsr ivc hoeI Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs ny vI mqw pws kIqw ik ‘‘is`KW ƒ pμjwb ivc qIjw ih`sw sItW Aqy inzwm ivc eynw hI ih`sw imly[’’ iesy iek`T ivc hI, swrIAW is`K pwrtIAW dI rwey nwl, ‘svrwj’ (Awzwd Bwrq) dy AweIn dw KrVw bxwaux vwlI kmytI dI id`lI ivc hox vwlI mIitμg vwsqy sq mYNbr vI cuxy gey[ ieh s`q sn: KVk isμG, mwstr qwrw isG, mihqwb isμG, mμgl isμG, ig: Syr isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl, sμq isμG vkIl[

24 &rvrI 1928 dy idn iek Awl pwrtIz kwn&rμs id`lI ivc hoeI[ ies ivc kWgrs, muslm lIg, sYNtrl is`K lIg (is`K lIg Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dI lIfriSp qkrIbn ieko hI sI), ilbrl &YfrySn, ihμdU mhW sBw Aqy BwrqI irAwsqW dy numwieμdy Swiml hoey[ ies kwn&rμs ivc pμj mqy pws kIqy gey[ ienHW ivc iek mqw (dsμbr 1927 dI mdrws kWgrs vwlw) ieh vI sI: ‘‘pμjwb vwsqy sItW dI vμf dy svwl ’qy is`KW dI numwieμdgI dw Gt-igxqI vwlI Aihm kOm hox kr ky ^ws iKAwl riKAw jwvy[’’ pr iek n&I vwlw p`K ieh vI sI ik ieh vI pws kIqw igAw ik i&rkyvwrwnw numwieμdgI aus i&rky dI vsoN dI ibnwA ’qy hovygI[ ies dw mqlb ieh sI ik is`KW ƒ pμjwb ivc aunHW dI AwbwdI dy ihswb nwl isr& 13 &I sdI sItW imlxIAW sn jdik auh 33 &I sdI dI mμg kr rhy sn[

AwbwdI dI ibnwA ’qy sItW dyx dy nukqy dI AkwlI dl ny mu^wl&q kIqI[ pihlI mwrc ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl dy jnrl sk`qr ny kWgrs dy pRDwn fw: AYm.ey. AμswrI ƒ qwr idqI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik ‘‘is`K iksy i&rkyvwrwnw AksrIAq ƒ nhIN mμnxgy qy nw hI vsoN dI ibnwA qy i&rkyvwrwnw numwieμdgI ƒ kbUl krngy[ is`K BwvyN Gt-igxqI ivc hn pr iPr vI auh i&rkyvwrwnw numwieμdgI ƒ htwaux ivc kurbwnI krn vwsqy iqAwr hn[ pr jy kr i&rkyvwrwnw numwieμdgI r`KI jwvy qW is`K pμjwb ivc qIjy ih`sy dy h`kW dI mμg krdy hn[’’ (itRibaUn, 29 &rvrI 1928)[

s:b: mihqwb isμG qy ig: Syr isμG ny vI fw: AμswrI ƒ ieho ijhI ic`TI ilKI qy nwl hI ros zwihr kIqw ik ‘‘i&kryvwrwnw numwieμdgI Aqy hor msilAW dw &Yslw krn vwsqy bxweI geI 20 mYNbrI kmytI ivc iek vI is`K Swiml nhIN sI[’’

ies hwlq ivc kWgrs pwrtI ny 19 meI 1928 dy idn iek hor Awl pwrtI kwn&rμs bμbeI ivc bulw leI[ ies ivc mwstr qwrw isμG qy mμgl isμG Swiml hoey[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny ies mOky ’qy SRomxI AkwlI dl, sYNtrl is`K lIg qy Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs vwlw stYNf duhrwieAw[ kwn&rμs ivc i&rkU msly dy h`l vwsqy iek kmytI bxweI geI[ ies kmytI ivc moqI lwl nihrU qoN ielwvw suBwS cμdr bos, qyj bhwdr sprU, jI.Awr. pRDwn, AYm.AYs. AYny, swihb kurYSI, AlI eImwm Aqy mμgl isμG mYNbr ley gey[ (ikauNik moqI lwl ies kmytI dw cyArmYn sI ies kr ky mgroN ies ƒ “moqI lwl kmytI” qy ies dI irport ƒ ‘nihrU irport’ dw nW idqw igAw)[

nihrU irport ivc i&rkU nuμmwieμdgI dy svwl dy h`l vjoN ieh ikhw igAw sI ik sYNtr ivc i&rkyvwrwnw ibnwA qy coxW nw krvweIAW jwx, isr& muslmwnW vwsqy, ijnHW sUibAW ivc auh AklIAq hn, vsoN dy ihswb nwl sItW rwKvIAW r`KIAW jwx[ ieμ\ hI sUbw srh`d qy isμD ivc ZYr-msulmwnW vwsqy sItW rwKvIAW kIqIAW jwx[ pμjwb Aqy bμgwl ivc iksy vwsqy koeI sIt rwKvIN nw rKI jwey[

jdoN 10 Agsq 1928 ƒ (nihrU) irport dI sUh inklI qW is`KW ivc zbrdsq gu`sy dI lihr dOV geI[ nOjvwn AkwlI AwgU durlB isμG ny ies qy jvwby-Aml dyNidAW AwiKAw ik ieh ‘‘is`KW ƒ mdrws kWgrs vyly idvwey XkIn dw ^Un qy is`DI vwAdw qoVn vwlI g`l hY[ ies ny is`KW ivc kWgrs bwry jzbwq dw ^Un kr id`qw hY[’’ (durlB isMG, d vylIAMt &weItr, s&y 89-91)[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny moqI lwl nihrU ƒ iek qwr rwhIN Awpxw protYst zwihr kIqw[ moqI lwl ny ies qwr dw juAwb, hmdrdI nwl dyx dI bjwey, krVw Aqy inrws krn vwlw id`qw[ mwstr qwrw isμG AkwlI dl ivcoN kWgrs dw sB qoN v`fw hmdrd sI Aqy moqI
lwl qy kWgrs ny aus ƒ hI Awpxw sB qoN v`fw duSmx bxw ilAw[ drAsl ieh moqI lwl dI bhu-igxqI i&rky dw AwgU hox dI hYNkV qy AwkV sI, ijs ny is`KW dw kWgrs bwry vihm dUr kr id`qw[ moqI lwl vloN mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ Byjy hYNkV qy gu`sy-Bry jvwb mgroN ieh hux swrI kOm dw svwl sI ik ies dw ‘jvwb’ ikvyN id`qw jwey[

pr dUjy pwsy mμgl isμG, jo nihrU irport qy dsq^q krn vwilAW ivc Swiml sI, ny nihrU irport dy h`k ivc ibAwn dy id`qw[ ies nwl SRomxI AkwlI dl ivc &ut pY jwx dy Awswr nzr Awaux lg pey[ hwlwq ƒ hor ^rwb hox qoN bcwaux vwsqy mwstr qwrw isG ny iek Awl-pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs bulw leI[ ieh kwn&rμs 19 Agsq 1928 dy idn is`K imSnrI kwlj AμimRqsr ivc hoeI[ ies dI pRDwngI bwbw KVk isμG ny kIqI[ mμgl isμG, Amr isμG Jbwl qy iek-A`D hor ƒ C`f ky qkrIbn swry is`KW ny nihrU irport dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ qkrIbn 6 Gμty ies qy bihs huμdI rhI[ A^Ir gopwl isμG kOmI ny nihrU irport dy i^lw& mqw pyS kIqw ik ‘‘ieh Zlq hY ik is`K vKrI nuμmwieμdgI nhIN cwhuμdy[ is`K cwhuμdy hn ik i&rkU numwieμdgI nw rihx idqI jwvy pr jy muslmwnW Aqy ZYr-muslmwnW vwsqy dUjy sUibAW ivc r`KxI hY qW ieh pμjwb ivc is`KW vwsqy vI r`KI jwvy ikauN ik (ijvyN moqI lwl nihrU kmytI ny mμinAw vI hY) is`K pμjwb ivc iek ^ws QW r`Kx vwlI kOm hn[’’ ies mqy ƒ hwzrIn ivcoN 90 &I sdI dI ihmwieq nwl pws kr id`qw igAw[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 23 Agsq 1928 qy itRibaUn 22 Agsq 1928)[

dUjy pwsy srmuK isμG Jbwl, srdUl isμG kvISr, hIrw isμG drd, bwbw guridq isμG qy igAwnI krqwr isμG ny mμgl isμG dI ihmwieq kIqI[ ienHW pμjW ny mμgl isμG dw ^ws SukrIAw kIqw ik ‘‘aus ny is`K kOm dI ‘^ws syvw’ kIqI hY[ ieh bVI ^uSI dI g`l huμdI hY ik jy i&rkU ibnwA qy coxW dw qrIkw ^qm ho jWdw pr vkqI hwlwq ivc i&rkU msly dw moqI lwl nihrU qy swQIAW dy k`Fy h`l qoN vDIAw koeI nqIjw nhIN sI ho skdw[’’ (itRibaUn 22 Agsq 1928)[

nihrU irport dy i^lw& mqw pws hox mgroN mμgl isμG ny sYNtrl is`K lIg dy skqr Aqy AkwlI (aurdU) A^bwr dy AYfItr dy Ahudy qoN AsqI&w dy idqw (ieh dovyN Ahudy mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ sONp idqy gey[ mμgl isμG vloN idKwieAw jvwby-Aml isr& aus dI ies mjbUrI kr ky sI ik auh nihrU irport ’qy dsq^q krn vwilAW ivcoN iek sI[ ieμ\ hI bwkI AkwlI AwgUAW vloN aus dI ihmwieq dw ipCokV vI koeI AsUlI nhIN sI[ ieh qW S^sIAqW dI lVweI sI ikauN ik Ajy s`q mhIny pihlW hI, 29 jnvrI dy idn, gurU rwmdws lμgr hwl ivc hoeI Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs ivc vI auhI mqw pws kIqw igAw sI jo 19 Agsq dy idn ShId is`K imSnrI kwlj ivc pws kIqw igAw sI[ 29 jnvrI dI mIitμg ivc mμgl isμG vI hwizr sI, hIrw isμG drd qy Amr isμG Jbwl vI[ so, mμgl isμG vI auhI sI qy mqw vI auhI sI pr, ikauNik auh dsq^q (krn dI ZlqI) kr Awey sn, ies kr ky aunHW Awpxy AVI kwiem rKx vwsqy stYNf lY ilAw[ (auN\, keI swl mgroN aunHW mihsUs kIqw ik aunHW ny ZlqI kIqI sI[ ies lyKk nwl 1981 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc cμfIgVH ’c AwpxI bytI dy Gr ivc iek mulwkwq dOrwn aunHW mμinAw ik auh AwpxI ‘g`l r`Kx vwsqy AVy rhy[’ aunHW ieh vI mμinAw ik moqI lwl nihrU i&rkwpRsq qy hYNkVbwz sI[)

nihrU irport ƒ 28 qoN 30 Agsq 1928 ƒ lKnaU ivc hoeI Awl pwrtI kwn&rμs ivc ivcwirAw igAw[ ies mOky ’qy mμgl isμG qoN ielwvw mwstr qwrw isμG, gopwl isμG kOmI, igAwnI Syr isμG qy kuJ hor is`K AwgU vI hwizr sn[ mμgl isμG qoN Cu`t swry is`K AwgUAW ny nihrU irport dI f`tvIN mu^wl&q kIqI[ is`KW dw roh vyK ky sr qyj bhwdr sprU Aqy mOlwnw AbU klm Awzwd ny is`K AwgUAW nwl lμbIAW ivcwrW kIqIAW[ pr auh iksy vI is`K AwgU dI qs`lI nw krvw sky[ A^Ir aunHW ny iek nvW suJwA pyS kIqw ik ‘pμjwb ivc bwlZ vot dy ihswb nwl coxW krvweIAW jwx[ ieh pYkt ds swl qk qjrby vjoN vriqAw jwvy[’ mwstr qwrw isμG Aqy igAwnI Syr isμG ny ies &wrmUly ƒ r`d kr id`qw[ aunHW AwiKAw ik ieh ‘nihrU irport’ dw hI dUjw nW hY[ is`K nuμmwieμidAW ny sw& ikhw ik is`K pμjwb ivc ^ws AihmIAq rKdy hn ies kr ky aunHW vwsqy pμjwb ivc 30 &I sdI sItW rwKvIAW r`KIAW jwx[

mμgl isμG ƒ C`f ky bwkI swry is`K qy AkwlI AwgU ie`ko stYNf qy AVy rhy qy ieμ\ iek fY~flwk ijhw KVw ho igAw[ A^Ir pμjwb dy swry ZYr-is`K fYlIgytW ny ies nvyN &wrmUly dI ihmwieq kr id`qI Aqy ies qy Awpxy dsq^q kr idqy[ AkwlIAW ivcoN mμgl isμG ny vI dsq^q kr idqy[ dUjy pwsy mwstr qwrw isμG Aqy igAwnI Syr isμG ny Awpxw vKrw not ilKvwieAw: (1) AsIN nihrU irport ƒ ies Srq qy mμn skdy hW ik pμjwb ivc vI coxW dw Fμg rwKvIAW sItW nwl r`iKAw jwvy (2) AsIN mμndy hW ik bwlZ coxW sB qoN vDIAw qy TIk jmhUrI coxW dw Fμg hn, pr AsIN mihsUs krdy hW ik A`j dy hwlwq ivc ieh vrqoN dy kwibl nhIN (3) jy, iPr vI, ieh &Yslw kIqw jwvy ik bwlZ vot dy ADwr qy coxW krvweIAW jwxIAW hn qW AsIN mihsUs krdy hW ik ies Fμg, ijs ivc iPrkU nuμmwieμdgI nwl coxW nhIN AwauNdIAW, dI AsIN mu^wl&q krdy hW[’’

iek pwsy mwstr qwrw isμG, ig. Syr isμG, s:b: mihqwb isμG, gopwl isμG kOmI vZYrw ny nihrU irport dI is`KW dy hkUk Kohy jwx kr ky mu^wl&q kIqI dUjy pwsy bwbw KVk isμG ny ies ƒ, nOAbwdIAq dw AsUl mμn ky ‘svrwj’ ip`Cy pwaux dw dsqwvyz grdwn ky vI r`d krn vwsqy AwiKAw[

ienHW idnW ivc vI sYNtrl is`K lIg dw smwgm 24-25 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn gujrWvwlw ivc riKAw igAw[ ies mOky ’qy ihμdU AwgU mdn mohn mwlvIAw vI pu`jw hoieAw sI[ ies kwn&rμs ivc bwbw KVk isμG ny bVy s^q l&zW ivc nihrU irport dI mu^wl&q kIqI Aqy ikhw ik ies ƒ ‘r`dI dI tokrI ivc su`t idqw jwvy[’ aus ny ies nukqy ’qy AsqI&w dyx dI vI DmkI idqI[ pihly idn is`K lIg dI sbjYkt kmytI ivc nihrU irport dw mslw ivcwirAw igAw[ A^Ir igAwnI Syr isμG ny iek mqw pyS kIqw ik is`KW ƒ nihrU irport mnzUr nhIN ikauN ik ieh muslmwnW dI p`kI AksrIAq kwiem krdI hY Aqy ieh is`KW nwl byiensw&I krdI hY[ is`K isAwsI, qwrI^I Aqy mwlI p`KoN iek ^ws kOm dw drjw rKdy hn[ ies kr ky pμjwb ivc aunHW vwsqy 30 &I sdI sItW rwKvIAW r`KIAW jwx[

ies mOky ’qy Amr isμG Jbwl ny iek soD pyS kIqI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik jy i&rkU numwieμdgI iblkul ^qm kr idqI jwvy Aqy nO-AwbwdIAq dI QW ‘svrwj’ dw inSwnw im`iQAw jwvy qW nihrU irport mnzUr kr leI jwvy[ ies mgroN votW pweIAW geIAW[ ig: Syr isμG dw mqw v`fy &rk nwl pws ho igAw qy Amr isμG Jbwl dI qrmIm r`d ho geI[ Agly idn (25 AkqUbr ƒ) jdoN sbjYkt kmytI dw pws kIqw mqw vrikμg kmytI ivc pyS hoieAw qW bwbw KVk isμG dy mu^wil&W (Jbwl gru`p) ny rOlw pw ky mqw pyS hI nw hox idqw[ ies swizS dy i^lw& pRotYst vjoN bwbw KVk isμG, mwstr qwrw isμG, Bwg isμG, Avqwr isμG Aqy aunHW dy swQI vwk AwaUt kr gey[ aunHW dy jwx mgroN ies kwn&rμs ivc bhuq QoVHy lok hI rih gey sn[ ies qoN sw& zwihr ho igAw sI ik sYNtrl is`K lIg ivcoN AkwlI dl mn&I hox mgroN is`K lIg dw koeI vjUd nhIN sI rihμdw[ (itRibaUn 26 AkqUbr 1928)[
is`KW ivc nihrU irport dI mu^wl&q bhuq izAwdw hox kr ky is`KW vloN kWgrs v`l ip`T krn dy Awswr bxdy jw rhy sn[ Aijhw jwpdw sI ik is`KW dw iek v`fw ih`sw nw isr& kWgrs qoN dUr clw jwvygw sgoN ies dw mu^wil& vI bx jwvygw[

nihrU irport ’qy Aw^rI ivcwrW krn vwsqy iek Awl pwrtIz kwn&rμs 28 qoN 30 dsμbr 1928 ƒ klk`qw ivc hoeI[ ies ivc Swiml hox vwsqy Bwrq dy v`K-v`K ih`isAW qoN kWgrs fYlIgyt klk`qw pu`jy hoey sn[ ies mOky ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG dIAW koiSSW nwl 30-40 is`K AwgU vI kl`kqw pu`jy hoey sn qW jo auh v`K-v`K kWgrsI AwgUAW ƒ iml ky is`K nukqw-ingwh pyS kr skx[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny iek drjn dy krIb sInIAr kWgrsI AwgUAW ƒ is`KW dI puzISn ibAwn kIqI[ nqIjy dy qOr ’qy fwktr AMswrI ny kbUl kr ilAw ik is`KW nwl nihrU irport ivc byiensw&I kIqI geI hY[ auDr moqI lwl nihrU ny vI mμn ilAw ik jy is`K ies irport bwry hwaUs ivc koeI qrmIm krvwaux ivc kwmXwb ho jwx qW aus ƒ koeI ieqrwz nhIN hovygw[

knvYnSn dy dUjy idn musilm lIg dw AwgU muhμmd AlI ijnwh vI ieμglYNf qoN prq ky klk`qw puj cukw sI[ aus ny mμg krnI SurU kr id`qI ik muslmwnW ƒ pμjwb ivc 51 &I sdI Aqy sYNtr ivc 33 &I sdI sItW idqIAW jwx[ ijnwh dy vqIry ny msly ƒ sgoN hor aulJw id`qw[ knvYnSn ’c ies msly dy h`l vwsqy nvIAW koiSSW SurU ho geIAW[ ies mksd vwsqy iek sb-kmytI bxweI geI[ ies sb-kmytI ivc moqI lwl, mdn mohn mwlvIAw, qyj bhwdr sprU, gWDI, milk brkq AlI, mOlwnw Abdul kwdr, mOlwnw Awzwd, mOlwnw z&r AlI ^wn, mwstr qwrw isμG, igAwnI Syr isμG, hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt, mμgl isμG Swiml kIqy gey[ pr ies sb-kmytI dw koeI nqIjw nw inkl sikAw ikauNik gWDI Aqy qyj bhwdr sprU muslmwnW dI Aqy ijnwh is`KW dI koeI prvwh nhIN krdw sI[

28 dsμbr 1928 dI ies mIitμg ivc kuJ icr bYTy rihx mgroN ijnwh ivcoN hI au~T ky clw igAw[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 30 dsMbr 1928)[

Agly idn jdoN dobwrw mIitμg SurU hoeI qW ijnwh ny iek ^UbsUrq qkrIr kIqI Aqy Awpxw kys bw-dlIl pyS kIqw[ ies mgroN s:b: mihqwb isμG qy AYm.Awr. jYkwr ny AwpxI qkrIr ivc ijnwh dIAW swrIAW dlIlW ƒ r`d kr idqw[ BwvyN bhuqy mYNbr ijnwh dy mu^wil& ho gey sn pr ies dy bwvjUd ieh sb-kmytI iksy is`ty ’qy nw phuμc skI[

A^Ir, jdoN is`K fYlIgytW ny vyiKAw ik ihμdU AwgU muslmwnW ƒ ^uS krn vwsqy is`KW nwl byiensw&I kr rhy hn qW aunHW ny Awps ivc mSvrw kr ky iek sWJw stYNf lYx dw &Yslw kIqw[ s:b: mihqwb isμG ny sYNtrl is`K lIg vloN nihrU irport ivc iek qrmIm pyS kIqI ik ‘‘Bwrq dy Agly AweIn ivcoN i&rkU vμf hr qrHW qy hr pwisEN aufw idqI jwvy qy nihrU irport ivc ies ibnwA qy Adlw bdlI kIqI jwvy[’’ ieh qrmIm nw mμnI jwx qy sYˆtrl is`K lIg vloN nihrU irport qoN AwpxI ihmwieq vwips lYx Aqy knvYnSn ivc hor ih`sw nw lYx dw AYlwn kr idqw[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 31 dsMbr 1928)[ hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt ny is`K fYlIgytW vloN sWJw ibAwn AwpxIAW mμgW dy bwry ivc piVHAw Aqy ‘‘boly so inhwl…’’ dy jYkwry mwrdy hoey vwk AwaUt kr gey[ jwx qoN pihlW s:b: mihqwb isμG ny gWDI qy ijnwh ƒ mu^wiqb huμidAW ikhw ik ‘‘jy is`KW dI g`l nw suxogy qW Bwrq dIAW vμfIAW klk`qy bih ky klm nwl nhIN qlvwr nwl hoxgIAW[’’ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 28 dsMbr 1928)[

knvYnSn ivcoN is`K fYlIgytW dy vwk-AwaUt dw kuJ fYlIgytW ’qy bVw Asr ipAw[ XU.pI. dy iek fYlIgyt pμifq Drm vIr isμh ny iek mqw riKAw ik pμjwb ivc is`KW ƒ auhI hkUk imlxgy jo dUjIAW Gt-igxqIAW ƒ hornW sUibAW ivc imlxgy[ ihswr dy pμifq nykI rwm Srmw ny ies dI ihmwieq kIqI[ pr fw. muhμmd Awlm Aqy mOlwnw z&r AlI ^wn ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ knvYnSn dy mwhOl qoN Aijhw jwpdw sI ik ieh mqw pws ho jwvygw Aqy ies nwl is`KW dI qs`lI ho jwvygI[ pr, AYn Aw^rI mOky qy moqI lwl nihrU ny is`KW dy i^lw& s^q l&z vrq ky ies mqy dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI[ (hwlW ik isr& iek idn pihlW moqI lwl ny AwiKAw sI ik jy is`K koeI qrmIm krvwaux ivc kwmXwb ho jwx qW aus ƒ koeI ieqrwz nhIN hovygw[ pr, hux aus ny AwpxI is`K-duSmx izhnIAq dw SryAwm iezhwr kr idqw)[ jdoN ies mqy ’qy votW peIAW qW isr& 6 votW dy &rk nwl ieh mqw pws hoxoN rih igAw; hwlW ik is`K fYlIgyt ies mOky ’qy hwizr nhIN sn[

jdoN is`KW ƒ moqI lwl dI hrkq dw pqw lgw qW auh hor vI roh ivc Awey[ qyjw isμG cUhVkwxw ny gu`sy ivc Aw ky moqI lwl Aqy fwktr AμswrI ƒ bhuq burw Blw AwiKAw[ aus ny gWDI kol vI ros zwihr kIqw[ gWDI ny aus idn ‘cup vrq’ riKAw hoieAw sI[ (gWDI bhuq ‘cwlwk’ iksm dw bμdw sI[ jdoN vI koeI bihs-gocrw mslw KVw huμdw sI auh ‘cup-vrq’ r`K ilAw krdw sI)[ is`K msly ’qy Awpxy Awp nUM PisAw mihsUs kr ky aus ny iek ict qy ilK ky jvwb id`qw: ‘‘moqI lwl eynw byiensw& nhIN ho skdw[ pμjwb ivc is`KW dw kys A`KoN-auhly nhIN kIqw jwvygw Aqy aunHW nwl iensw& zrUr kIqw jwvygw[’’ (durlB isMG, s&w 97)[
(auN\ gWDI ny ieho ijhy vwAdy keI vwr kIqy qy hr vwr aus ny vwAdw-i^lw&I kIqI sI)[
Awl pwrtIz knvYnSn AweI Aqy mu`k geI[ ies knvYnSn ny is`KW ƒ kWgrs qoN qoV id`qw, muslmwn ies ’qy ^uS nw hoey, kWgrs iek ihμdU jmwq vjoN kwiem ho ky AwpxI i&rkU pCwx bxw bYTI[ dUjy pwsy nO AbwdIAq Aqy svrwj dy nukqy qoN vI kWgrs ivc Pu`t pY geI[ suBwS cμdr bos ny ‘‘svrwj’’ dw nwArw lw ky kWgrs dw iek v`fw ih`sw Awpxy nwl rlw ilAw[ pμjwb ivc bwbw KVk isμG SryAwm qy mwstr qwrw isμG AμdroN-AμdrIN suBwS cμdr bos nwl rly hoey sn[ auDr hor pwrtIAW ny vI nihrU irport Tukrw idqI[ ihμdU mhW sBw ny vI 31 mwrc 1929 dy idn ies ƒ r`d kr id`qw[

is`K klk`qw knvYnSn dw ‘jnwzw k`F ky’ ^wlI h`Q muV Awey[ BwvyN auh nihrU irport ’c koeI qbdIlI nw krvw sky pr ieh ‘irport’ byjwn rih geI ikauNik ihμdUAW dy iek DVy qoN isvw ieh iksy ƒ vI mnzUr nhIN sI[ SRomxI AkwlI dl ny 7 ApRYl 1929 dy idn AμimRqsr ’c nihrU irport dy i^lw& jlUs k`iFAw Aqy dIvwn vI kIqw[ bhuq AwgUAW dw iKAwl sI ik kWgrs is`KW dI prvwh nhIN krdI, ies kr ky is`KW ƒ vI kWgrs dI prvwh nhIN krnI cwhIdI[

is`KW ivc nihrU irport dI bhuq mu^wl&q hoeI[ bwbw KVk isμG ny i&rkU numwieμdgI qoN ielwvw ‘svrwj’ dy nW ’qy vI nihrU irport Aqy kWgrs sI s^q mu^wl&q kIqI[ ig: Syr isμG DVw cwhuμdw sI ik jy kWgrs is`KW ƒ pμjwb ivc 30 &I sdI sItW dyxIAW mμn lvy qW aus dw swQ idqw jwvy nhIN qW ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI jwvy[ qIjw DVw mμgl isμG dw sI jo kWgrs dI pUrI ihmwieq krdw sI[ mwstr qwrw isμG ies vkq sYNtrl is`K lIg dw pRDwn sI[ SRomxI AkwlI dl aus vyly bwbw KVk isμG dI kmwn hyT sI[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny ies msly dw h`l k`Fx vwsqy iek 14 mYNbrI kmytI bxw idqI[ mwstr qwrw isμG kWgrs dy bweIkwt dw ihmwieqI nhIN sI, auN\ auh ibnW Srq ihmwieq dyx dy h`k ivc vI nhIN sI[ aus ny ikhw ik ‘‘mYƒ koeI ieqrwz nhIN ik is`K kWgrs dw bweIkwt krn pr A`gy ho ky AwzwdI vwsqy kμm krn[ pr, ieh Srm dI g`l hovygI ik is`K cup kr ky bYT jwx[ bweIkwt dI ihmwieq krn vwly vDIAw progrwm dyx qW AsIN bwkI swry aunHW dy nwl hovWgy[’’ (itRibaUn, 16 AkqUbr 1929)[

AkqUbr 1929 ivc is`K lIg dw swlwnw iejlws lwielpur (hux &Yslwbwd) ivc hoieAw[ kWgrs nwl imlvrqx, bweIkwt jW SrqW nwl imlvrqx dy nukqy ’qy BrpUr bihs hoeI[ A^Ir kWgrs dw bweIkwt krn jW nw krn dy svwl ’qy sbjYkt kmytI ivc voitμg hoeI[ 96 mYbrW ny kWgrs dw bweIkwt nw krn Aqy 41 ny bweIkwt krn dI ihmwieq kIqI[ bweIkwt dy ihmwieqIAW ivcoN muK sn: bwbw KVk isμG, Amr isμG Syry-pμjwb qy aunHW dy swQI[ jdoN sbjYkt kmytI vloN pws kIqw mqw KulHy iejlws ivc AwieAw qW gVbV PYl geI[ kWgrs dy mu^wil& vrkrW ny mqy dI r`jvIN mu^wl&q kIqI[ ies mwhOl ivc iejlws ibnW iksy mqw pws kIqy ^qm ho igAw[ pr kWgrs dy ihmwieqIAW ny dwAvw kIqw ik sbjYkt kmytI vloN pws kIqw mqw ‘pws’ smiJAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ dUjy pwsy bwbw KVk isμG ny sgoN hor vI s^q sur Apxw leI[ aunHW AwiKAw ik ‘‘kWgrs dw swQ dyx dw mqw pws nhIN hoieAw Aqy jy hoieAw vI hY qW ieh is`K pμQ dI Awvwz nhIN hY, ikauNik is`K kOm bweIkwt dI ihmwieqI hY[’’ (itRibaUn, 16 AkqUbr 1929)[ ies hwlq ivc kWgrs nwl imlvrqx dyx jW bweIkwt krn dy msly ’qy pμQ ivc do rwvW b-dsqUr kwiem rhIAW[
is`KW ivc kWgrs dy bweIkwt dI lihr vyK ky bwbw guridq isμG ny kWgrs dy ihmwieqIAW ƒ Awpxy nwl rlw ky iek nvIN pwrtI bnwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies ‘‘is`K nYSnilst pwrtI’’ dw jnm 2 nvμbr 1929 dy idn hoieAw[ bwbw guridq isμG dI pRDwngI hyT hoeI ies mIitμg ivc lwielpur, SyKUpurw, gujrWvwlw, isAwlkot, AμimRqsr, gurdwspur, lwhOr qy luiDAwxw dy kuJ AkwlI Swiml hoey[ ies nvIN pwrtI dw pRDwn g`jx isμG luiDAwxw nUM bxwieAw igAw[ pr ieh pwrtI is`KW ivc koeI QW nw bxw skI[

15-16 nvμbr 1929 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb dw purb nwnkwxw swihb ivKy mnwieAw jw irhw sI[ ies mOky ’qy bhuq swry is`K AwgU au~Qy pu`jy hoey sn[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny iek vwr Pyr koiSS kIqI ik kWgrs nwl imlvrqx dy msly ’qy koeI nqIjw k`iFAw jw sky pr bwbw KVk isμG ies nukqy ’qy t`s qoN m`s hox vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ A^Ir mwstr qwrw isμG bwbw KVk isμG ƒ eynw mnwaux ivc kwmXwb ho gey ik auh (mwstr qwrw isμG) kWgrs dy iejlws ivc S^sI qOr qy Swiml ho jwvy, pr bwbw KVk isμG ny nwl hI ieh Srq vI rKI ik AijhI iejwzq iksy hor ƒ nhIN imlygI ikauNik mYN ies nUM pMQk ihqW dy i^lw& smJdw hW[ (itRibaUn, 26 nvMbr 1929)[

kWgrs dw swlwnw iejlws 29 qoN 31 dsμbr 1929 ƒ lwhOr ivc hoieAw[ ies iejlws ivc mwstr qwrw isμG qoN isvw iek vI AkwlI Swiml nw hoieAw[ TIk eynHIN idnIN hI SRomxI AkwlI dl ny AwpxI kwn&rμs lwhOr ivc rKI hoeI sI[ AkwlI dl vloN kWgrs dy bweIkwt dw nqIjw ieh inkilAw ik AkwlI kwn&rμs dy mukwbly ivc kWgrs dw jlsw bhuq iP`kw nzr Aw irhw sI[ kWgrs dy sYSn ivc hzwrW dy iek`T ivc isr& iek nIlI p`g Aqy AkwlI dl dy sYSn ivc kWgrsI sYSn qoN keI guxW hwzrI Aqy nIlIAW p`gW dw hVH nzr Aw irhw sI[ hor qW hor bwbw guridq isμG dI ‘is`K nYSnilst pwrtI’ vI is`KW nUM kWgrsI sYSn vl nw iljw skI qy burI qrHW nwkwmXwb ho geI[

sYSn qoN kuJ idn pihlW moqI lwl qy hor kWgrsIAW ny pμjwb dw dOrw kIqw sI Aqy is`KW ivc nihrU irport dI zbrdsq mu^wlPæq vyKI sI[ ienHW kWgrsIAW ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh is`KW dI mdd qoN ibnW AwzwdI dI lVweI ’c kwmXwb nhIN ho skdy[ A^Ir moqI lwl, gWDI qy fwktr AμswrI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy d&qr (cburjI, lwhOr) ivc Awey Aqy bwbw KVk isμG ƒ imly[ ienHW iqμnW ny bwbw KVk isμG nwl vwAdw kIqw ik kWgrs nOAwbwdIAq dI QW ‘pUrI AwzwdI’ dw mqw pws krygI Aqy is`KW dy hkUk dw vI pUrw-pUrw i^Awl rKygI[ bwbw KVk isμG dI hwzrI ivc ies sbμDI iek mqw vI iqAwr kIqw igAw[ ies mqy ivc ikhw igAw sI: ‘

‘…is`KW ny ^ws kr ky, Aqy muslmwnW qy hor Gt-igxqIAW ny Awm kr ky, nihrU irport ivc i&rkU msly dy h`l dI mu^wl&q kIqI hY; hux kWgrs XkIn idvwauNdI hY ik A`goN AweIn bxwaux vyly kWgrs koeI Aijhw h`l nhIN mμnygI jo is`KW, muslmwnW Aqy hor Gt-igxqIAW ƒ mnzUr nw hovy[’’ (kWgrs builtn, 9 jnvrI 1930, s&w 4)[ kWgrs ny 31 dsμbr 1929 dy ies sYSn ivc pUrI AwzwdI dw mqw vI pws kIqw[

AkwlI dl ny AwpxI kwn&rμs ivc mqw pws kIqw ik jy i&rkU nuμmwieμdgI ƒ jwrI rKxw hY qW pμjwb ivc is`KW ƒ 30 &I sdI sItW id`qIAW jwx Aqy dUjy sUibAW ivc vI is`KW dy h`k kwiem rKy jwx[ ies kwn&rμs ny bwbw KVk isμG ƒ kWgrs nwl g`lbwq jwrI r`Kx vwsqy 7 mYNbrI kmytI bnwaux dy A^iqAwr vI idqy[

kWgrs Aqy AkwlI dl dIAW kwn&rμsW ^qm ho geIAW[ ies mgroN bwbw KVk isμG dI kWgrs-mu^wl&q vI ^qm ho geI[ nihrU irport ‘‘r`dI dI tokrI’’ ivc jw peI[ BwvyN iek vwr Tμf vrq geI pr idlW ivc kuV`qx Ajy bwkI sI (qy ieh sdw hI rhI vI)[

12 jnvrI 1930 dy idn SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI iek mIitμg AμimRqsr ivc hoeI[ ies mIitμg ivc kWgrs dw swQ dyx jW nw dyx bwry koeI &Yslw nw ho sikAw[ ienHIN idnIN hI iek Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs hoeI[ ies kwn&rμs ivc lwhOr kWgrs vloN is`KW ƒ idvwey gey XkIn ƒ swhvyN rKidAW kWgrs dw bweIkwt krn dw mqw vwips lY ilAw igAw[ pr ies kwn&rμs ny ieh mqw vI pws kIqw ik jy i&rkU msly bwry koeI smJOqw hovy qW is`KW ƒ pμjwb ivc 30 &I sdI sItW idqIAW jwx[

ieμ\ hI ‘sYNtrl is`K AYsosIeySn’ Aqy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn, ijnHW ny vI nihrU irport r`d kIqI sI, Ajy vI kWgrs dy mu^wil& sn[ ieh TIk hY ik ienHW dohW pwrtIAW dy mu`K AwgU jwgIrdwr, AμgryzW dy v&wdwr qy j`dI-puSqI srkwr-pRsq sn pr auh ieh vI mihsUs krdy sn ik kWgrs iek ihμdU jmwq hY Aqy ies qoN is`KW ƒ iensw& dI Aws nhIN r`KxI cwhIdI[ SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy is`K lIg ’c s:b: mihqwb isμG qy ig: Syr isμG vI ies mwmly ivc sw& AwKdy rihμdy sn ik is`KW ƒ kWgrs ’qy tyk nhIN rKxI cwhIdI[

kWgrsI AwgUAW dI ihμdU soc jW is`K-musilm mu^wl&q ƒ isr& pμQk soc vwly AkwlI AwgU hI nhIN blik soSilst soc vwly vI jwxdy sn[ hor qW hor Bgq isμG, jo sWfrs dy kql dy jurm ivc &WsI dI aufIk kr irhw sI, vI Aijhw hI socdw sI[ aus dw i^Awl sI ik ihμdU iksy ZYr-ihμdU, ^ws kr ky is`KW qy muslmwnW, ƒ vyK ky ^uS nhIN huμdy[ audoN vI bhuqIAW A^bwrW dy mwlk ihμdU sn[ Bgq isμG ny iek vwr BweI rxDIr isμG (moFI AKμf kIrqnI jQw) nwl g`lbwq kridAW AwiKAw vI sI ik 1914-18 dy ShIdW dw izkr A^bwrW jW qwrI^ ivc ies kr ky nhIN AwauNdw ikauNik auh is`K sn[ jd ik iehI A^bwrW in`ky-moty ihMdU ShId dy sohly gwauNdIAW QkdIAW nhIN[ Bgq isμG dy l&jW ivc:
‘‘kys qW mYˆ rK lYˆdw, pr AYsw krn ivc mYƒ Awpxy swQI BtkySvr d`q dI hmdrdI Aqy swQI-puxy vwlI Apx`q hwisl nw huμdI[ dUjw, mYƒ AYfI Suhrq hwisl nw huμdI ij`fI ik Aj A^bwrI dunIAW ivc ho rhI hY[ mYN s`c kihμdw hW ik myrI kurbwnI 1914-15 vwly dyS BgqW dI kurbwnI dy mukwbly AYvyN rIx-ku hY[ pr eynIAW kurbwnIAW krn pr vI ienHW 1914-15 vwilAW ƒ aus vkq dI A^bwrI dunIAW ivc eyfw mwn nw imilAw ikauNik is`K A^bwrW dI Av`l qW ieSwieq hI kuJ nhIN, jy hY qW auh aus smyN Awp s`jxW dI kurbwnI bwry pbilk ivc kuJ roSnI nw pw sky ikauN ik aunHW dI frU pwilsI aunHW ƒ dbkweI r`KdI sI[ eynHW AnmqI A^bwrW dI bdOlq hI myry nW ƒ eynI Suhrq imlI hY[ mYˆ s`c kihμdw hW ik jy mYN is`K smiJAw jWdw qy myry isr mUμh ’qy kys dwVHy vwlI is`K hox dI inSwnI huμdI qW eyh AnmqI A^bwr myrI soBw vifAweI ivc iek l&z vI nw ilKdy[ jYsw ik Awp swihbwn dI bwbq vI ienHW kuJ nhIN iliKAw[ ..mYƒ ieh pqw sI ik ihμdU A^bwr is`K dyS BgqW dI vifAweI ilKxoN Kuxs KWdy hn qy ienHW ƒ aunHW dI vifAweI BwauNdI nhIN[ jo mYN kys muV rK lYˆdw qW mYƒ vifAwauxw ikμnHW sI, CuitAwauNdy hI, eys kr ky mYˆ kys muV rKxoN hor Gysl v`t C`fI[ (BweI rxDIr isMG, jylH ic`TIAW, s&y 592-93, 1951 dI AYfISn)[

mulk ivc isvl nw-&urmwnI lihr
31 dsμbr 1929 dy idn kWgrs vloN lwhOr ivc pUrI AwzwdI dw mqw pws hox mgroN kWgrs ny ies inSwny ƒ hwisl krn vwsqy AYjItySn krn dy A^iqAwr gWDI ƒ dy idqy[ gWDI ny isvl nw-&urmwnI dI lihr clwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw[ aus ny ieh vI AYlwn kIqw ik AμgryzI hwkmW vloN bulweI jw rhI gol-myz kwn&rμs dw vI bweIkwt kIqw jwvygw[
isvl nw-&urmwnI lihr dw pihlw kdm sI 26 jnvrI 1930 dy idn ƒ AwzwdI idn vjoN mnwauxw[ ies idn kWgrsI AwgUAW ny keI jgh ’qy jlsy kIqy Aqy lokW ƒ AwzwdI dI j`dojihd ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy pryirAw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny 30 jnvrI 1930 dy Awpxy prcy ‘‘Xμg ieμfIAw’’ ivc isvl nw-PurmwnI vwsqy 11-nukwqI pRogrwm dw AYlwn vI kIqw[ ienHW nukiqAW ivc lUx qoN srkwrI tYks dw ^wqmw qy Srwb bμdI lwgU krnw vI Swiml sn[ 12 mwrc ƒ gWDI ny vwiesrwey ƒ ic`TI ilK ky DmkI idqI ik jy srkwr ny 6 ApRYl 1930 qk lUx qoN tYks ^qm nw kIqw qW auh lUx dw kwƒn qoVygw Aqy igR&qwrI dyvygw[ vwiesrwey ny ies DmkI dI prvwh nw kIqI ijs qy gWDI ny 6 ApRYl ƒ fWfI nW dI jgh qy srkwrI hukmW dI AdUlI kr ky igR&qwrI idqI[ ies dy nwl hI isvl nw-&urmwnI dI lihr SurU ho geI[

pμjwb ivc isvl nw-&urmwnI
kWgrs dI ies lihr dw AwZwz pμjwb ivc 14 ApRYl 1930 dy idn hoieAw[ ies idn pμjwb dIAW v`K-v`K isAwsI pwrtIAW dI iek mIitμg lwhOr ivc hoeI[ ies mIitμg ivc kWgrsIAW qoN ielwvw AkwlI, muslmwn, nOjvwn Bwrq sBw qy kuJ Awzwd AwgU vI pu`jy[ ies mIitμg ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw ik pμjwb ivc isvl nw-&urmwnI lihr zor-Sor nwl clweI jwvy[ ies mksd vwsqy iek ‘‘jμgI-kONsl’’ bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ies jμgI kONsl ivc mOlwnw Abdul kwdr (pRDwn) qoN isvw fw. sq pwl, ky. sμqwnm, mwstr qwrw isμG, bwbw KVk isμG qy lwlw CbIl dws mYNbr bxwey gey sn[ mgroN ies ivc fw: sY&-aud-dIn ikclU Aqy fw: muhμmd Awlm ƒ vI Swiml kr ilAw igAw[ pr, bwbw KVk isμG ny audoN qk ies ivc ih`sw lYx qoN nWh kr id`qI jd qk kWgrs vloN bxwey jw rhy Awzwd Bwrq dy Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg Swiml nw kIqw jwvy[

Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg
ienHW idnW ivc (Awzwd) Bwrq dy Jμfy bwry JgVw cl irhw sI[ ies Jμfy ivc lwl (ihμdU Drm dw), hrw (muslmwnW dw) Aqy ic`tw (bwkI swrIAW kOmW dw) rμg sn[ is`K AwgUAW dI mμg sI ik ies ivc is`KW dw ‘kysrI’ rμg vI Swiml kIqw jwvy[ Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg pwaux dI mμg 1930 ivc SurU nhIN sI hoeI[ ies dI crcw qW 1920-21 qoN vI pihlW qoN cl rhI sI qy kWgrs ny is`KW nwl vwAdy vI kIqy sn[ ies bwry A^bwrW ivc crcw cldw iehw sI (AkwlI 24 ApRYl 1921 qy nwXk 29 ApRYl 1921)[ (vyKo: nwXk 29 ApRYl 1921, dI &oto iesy ikqwb ivc)[ 1930 ivc jdoN kWgrs ny s&Yd au~pr Aqy sbz (hrw) rμg hyTW rK ky Jμfw bxw ilAw qW is`KW ny ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI[

jdoN is`KW vloN kIqI mu^wl&q dI g`l gWDI qk pu`jI qW aus ny ies dy jvwb ivc is`KW ƒ ihμdUAW dw iek ih`sw AwK ky is`KW ƒ hor gu`sy ivc lY AWdw[ is`KW ny hmySW hI ies g`l dI muzμmq kIqI hY ik aunHW ƒ ‘ihμdUAW dw iek ih`sw’ ikhw jwvy ikauNik is`KW qy ihμdUAW dy Dwrimk &ls&y qy klcr ivc 90 &I sdI qoN vD vKryvW hY qy dUjy pwsy ijμnI kU sWJ ihμdUAW qy is`KW ivc hY EnI qW is`KI qy ieslwm ivc jW is`KI Aqy eIsweIAq ivc vI hY[ pr iPr vI i&rkwpRsq ihμdU Awny-bhwny is`KW ’qy Aijhy hmly krdy hI rihμdy sn[ is`KW nwl (AijhI qy hor nukiqAW bwry) n&rq ivc gWDI vI iksy hor i&rkU ihμdU qoN v`Krw nhIN sI[
^Yr, is`KW dI nihrU irport vwsqy mu^wl&q qoN gWDI qy moqI lwl pihloN hI sbk isK cuky sn[ ies kr ky hux Jμfy dy svwl qy auh byvkU&I krnw nhIN cwhuμdy sn[ ieh soc ky gWDI ny kWgrs dy Jμfy dy svwl ’qy iek kmytI bxw idqI ijs ivc jvwhr lwl nihrU qy mwstr qwrw isμG vI Swiml sn[

isvl nw-&urmwnI qy SRomxI AkwlI dl
kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg nw hox kr ky bwbw KVk isμG ny AYlwn kIqw ik is`K kWgrs pwrtI dI AYjItySn ivc ih`sw nhIN lYxgy[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny vI ies nukqy ’qy aus dI ihmwieq kIqI pr nwl hI AYlwn kIqw ik is`K isvl nw-&urmwnI dI j`do-jihd ivc ip`Cy nhIN rihxgy[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny AYlwn kIqw ik ‘‘gWDI ny vwAdy dy bwvjUd is`KW dw rμg Awpxy Jμfy ivc Swiml nhIN kIqw[ is`K ies kr ky kuiV`kI ivc hn[ jy is`KW ny ies lihr ivc ih`sw nw pwieAw qy gWDI dI j`dojihd kwmXwb ho geI qW is`KW ƒ ies ivc koeI QW nhIN imlygI Aqy jy kr ieh j`dojihd PylH ho geI qW aunHW au~qy izμmydwrI AwvygI[ is`KW ƒ Awpxy hI inSwn swihb hyT j`dojihd ivc ih`sw lYxw cwhIdw hY[’’ (itRibaUn, 15 ApRYl 1930)[

bwbw KVk isμG dI mu^wl&q dy bwvjUd mwstr qwrw isμG qy aUDm isμG nwgoky dy swQIAW ny AkwlI dl dy Jμfy hyT isvl nw-PurmwnI ivc ih`sw ilAw[ AkwlI dl ny 5000 vwlμtIAr iqAwr kIqy[ pμjwb ivc igR&qwrIAW dyx vwly 7000 lokW ivcoN 3000 qoN vD AkwlI sn (pμjwb ivc is`KW dI AwbwdI isr& 13 &I sdI sI pr igR&qwrIAW ivc aunHW dw ih`sw 42 &I sdI sI)[

gWDI ny fμfy Kwx vwsqy is`K mμgvwey
jdoN bμbeI ivc kWgrs dw ‘lUx morcw’ cl irhw sI qW pulIs lwTIcwrj kr ky muzwhrInW ƒ Bjw dyNdI sI[ mrh`ty, gujrwqI qy B`eIey do-iqμn sotIAW qoN vD dI mwr nhIN sn Jldy[ A^Ir bμbeI sUby dI kWgrs ny AkwlI dl ƒ ApIl kIqI ik is`KW dw iek jQw bμbeI ByijAw jwvy[ kWgrs ny bμbeI qoN Qμmn isμG ƒ AμimRqsr ByijAw[ AkwlI dl ny AμimRqsr qoN jQydwr pRqwp isμG dI AgvwhI hyT iek jQw bμbeI ByijAw[ jdoN ies jQy ny lUx morcy ivc ih`sw ilAw qW pulIs fWgW mwr-mwr ky h& geI pr iek vI is`K au~QoN B`j ky nw igAw[ ies ’qy kWgrs ny AkwlI dl qoN mμg kIqI ik hor is`K Byjy jwx (fμfy Kwx vwsqy!)[ (jsvMq isMG, mwstr qwrw isMG jIvn qy rcnw, s&w 117)[

ipSwvr c gμgw isμG kμboj dy pirvwr dw kql
isvl nw-&urmwnI dOrwn srh`dI sUby ivc vI lihr clweI geI[ ies lihr dy iek pRogrwm hyT 23 ApYl 1930 dy idn Srwb dIAW dukwnW dy bwhr ipkitμg dw pRogrwm bxwieAw igAw[ 22 ApRYl ƒ Awl ieμfIAw kWgrs kmytI dI iek tIm ies sbμDI bμdobsq ƒ vyKx vwsqy AweI[ srkwr ny aus tIm ƒ sUuby ivc vVn nw idqw[ ies tIm ’qy pwbμdI dy i^lw& SwhI bwZ ipSwvr ivc iek v`fw jlsw hoieAw Aqy jlUs vI k`iFAw igAw[ Agly idn, 23 ApRYl ƒ, pulIs ny Abdul g&Ur ^wn (^wn bwdSwh) Aqy s`Xd lwl bwdSwh ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ aunHW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky iljWidAW pulIs dI g`fI pμcr ho geI ijs dI vjh kr ky aunHW ƒ pYdl iljwxw ipAw[ rsqy ivc lokW dI iek v`fI BIV aunHW dy ip`Cy cl peI[ ies dOrwn iek Aμgryz, jo motr sweIkl qy Aw irhw sI, pulIs dI g`fI nwl tkrwA
ky ifg ipAw qy lokW dI BIV hyT Aw ky driVAw igAw[ aus dy nwl hI hor vI keI bμdy BIV Aqy g`fIAW hyT drVy gey[ ies ’qy lokW ivc bVI BVkwht PYl geI[ BIV ivcoN iksy ny pulIs dI g`fI ƒ A`g lw idqI[ AμgryzI hwkmW ny gu`sy ivc Aw ky &wieirμg dw hukm dy idqw[ ies &wieirμg nwl keI lok mwry gey[ srkwrI ibAwn muqwibk 30 mry sn qy 38 z^mI hoey sn pr lokW muqwibk 200 mry sn qy eyny hI z^mI hoey sn[ (durlB isMG, d vylIAMt &weItr, s&y 110-112)[

iesy idn au~Qy gμgw isμG kμboj dI pqnI, Awpxy swFy nON swl Aqy solHW swl dy do b`icAW sxy, tWgy ivc svwr ho ky jw rhI sI ik iek ibRitS lWs kwrporl ny ibnW vjh golIAW mwr ky aunHW ƒ tWgy ivc bYiTAW ƒ mwr id`qw[ AOrq dI bWh Aqy CwqIAW golIAW nwl ivμnHIAW peIAW sn[ mukwmI pTwx fI.sI. qoN iejwzq lY ky ienHW lwSW ƒ sskwr krn vwsqy iljw rhy sn qW rsqy ivc ibRitS imltrI ny jlUs rok ky, ibnW vwrinμg qoN, do gz dy &wsly qoN golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ jo pTwx ienHW dIAW lwSW cuk ky iljw rhy sn, golIAW v`jx nwl ifg pey[ kuJ hor pTwx A`gy vDy Aqy aunHW ny kμboj pirvwr dIAW lwSW cuk leIAW[ imltrI ny ienHW pTwxW ƒ vI golIAW nwl Buμn idqw[ (srkwr ny AsYNblI ivc 17 rwaUNf golIAW nwl 9 pTwxW ƒ mwrnw mμinAw)[ lokW ivc ies dy i^lw& zbrdSq roh PYilAw[ ieh jilHAW vwlw bwg vWg hI iek vihSI kwrvweI sI[ (durlB isMG, d vylIAMt &weItr, s&y 110-112)[

mwstr qwrw isμG dw ipSwvr nUM j`Qw
jdoN kμboj pirvwr Aqy pTwxW dy kql dI ^br AμimRqsr pu`jI qW AkwlI dl isvl nw-&urmwnI vwsqy jQw Byjx bwry ivcwrW kr irhw sI[ ies ^br nwl is`KW ivc vI gu`sy Aqy roh dI lihr PYl geI[ pTwx Aqy is`K, jo hrI isμG nlvw (Swied 1762 dy G`lUGwry) dy zmwny qoN hI iek dUjy dy duSmx jwxy jWdy sn, aunHW dohW dw sWJw KUn pTwxW dy homlYNf dI rwjDwnI ipSwvr ivc fuilHAw sI[ mOky dI nzwkq ƒ BWpidAW mwstr qwrw isμG ny pTwxW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr krn vwsqy ipSwvr jQw iljwx dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies sbμD ivc iek jlsw jilHAW vwlw bwZ AμimRqsr ivc kIqw igAw[ ies jlsy ivc qkrIr kridAW mwstr qwrw isμG ny ikhw, ‘‘is`K pTwxW au~qy kIqy zulm dy i^lw& ros vjoN pTwxW dy ^Un dI jgh Awpxw lhU folHxgy[ is`K qy pTwx ieko im`tI dy b`cy hn qy auh Awpxw sWJw lhU ieko QW folH ky swibq kr dyxgy ik auh iek hn[’’ (durlB isMG, d vylIAMt &weItr, s&y 110-112)[

10 meI 1930 dy idn mwstr qwrw isμG qy aunHW dy 100 swQI Akwl q^q swihb qy Ardws kr ky ipSwvr vwsqy cl pey[ mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ lwhOr ivc igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aunHW dI igR&qwrI dy bwvjUd aunHW dw jQw mwrc krdw hoieAw ipSwvr vl cldw igAw[ ijhlm nyVy, dInw kol, jQy ƒ rok ky aus ’qy vihSIAwxw lwTIcwrj kIqw igAw[ lwTIAW audoN qk pYNdIAW rhIN jdoN qk jQy dw iek-iek mYNbr lhu vhwaux mgroN byhoS nw ho igAw[ ieμ\ is`KW qy pTwxW ny iek dUjy vwsqy ^Un folH ky purwxI duSmxI ^qm kIqI[

gurduAwrw sIs gμj id`lI ’qy golI
isvl nw-PurmwnI dOrwn 6 meI ƒ Bwrq dy keI SihrW ivc lokW ny hVqwl kIqI[ ies sbμD ivc id`lI ivc vI lokW ny hVqwl kIqI Aqy nwl hI glIAW qy bwzwrW ivc jlUs k`Fy Aqy kcihrIAW Aqy dUjy d&qrW dy bwhr ipkitμg vI kIqI[ ies mOky ’qy jdoN iek v`fy kwr^wny koloN iek jlUs jw irhw sI qW iek AMgryz A&sr ny BIV ivcoN kwr lμGwaux dI koiSS kIqI[ BIV izAwdw hox kwrn auh kwr nw lμGw sikAw qy pu`Tw gyAr pw ky kwr moV leI[ kwr moVn ligAW aus ny ip`Cy KVy lokW dI prvwh nw kIqI ijs nwl keI bμdy kwr hyTW Aw ky z^mI ho gey[ aultw z^mIAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ky pulIs Twxy lY geI[ ies ’qy bhuq swry lok pulIs dy ipCy ho tury Aqy koqvwlI qk cldy gey[ pulIs ny koqvwlI dy bwhr KVI hoeI BIV ’qy lwTIcwrj krnw SurU kr idqw[ ies ’qy lok kuJ ip`Cy ht gey[ QoVHI dyr mgroN BIV Pyr juV geI[ pulIs ny Pyr lwTIcwrj kIqw[ do-iqμn vwr ieμ\ huμdw irhw[ ikauNik koqvwlI gurduAwrw sIs gμj dy iblkul nwl lgdI sI, ies kr ky kw&I lok gurduAwry dy bwhr vI iekTy ho gey qy au~QoN koqvwlI dI kwrvweI vyKx lg pey[

dupihr dy koeI swFy iqμn vjy gurduAwry vl do ie`tW mwrIAW geIAW[ ies dI iSkwieq gurduAwry dy mYnyjr ny fI.sI. kol kIqI[ pulIs ny aultw gurduAwry ’qy hI ielzwm lw idqw[ ies roly-r`py ivc gurduAwry dy A`gy Aqy Aμdr v`fI BIV juV geI[ A`Dy Gμty ivc hI pulIs dIAW iqμn b`sW Aw pu`jIAW[ qIjI b`s ’qy Puhwry vloN kuJ roVy v`jy[ ies ’qy pulIs ny vihSIAwxw lwTIcwrj SurU kr idqw[ lok frdy hoey gurduAwry vl dOVy[ hux koqvwlI Aqy gurduAwry ’c vVI BIV ny iek dUjy vl roVy mwrny SurU kr idqy[ QoVHI dyr bwAd pulIs ny koqvwlI qoN gurduAwry vl golI clwauxI SurU kr idqI[ pulIs dI Pwieirμg 50 imμt dy krIb jwrI rhI[ gurduAwry dI eImwrq qy golIAW dy 686 inSwn sn[ pulIs dI &wieirμg nwl 36 bμdy z^mI hoey[ bwAd ivc qwrw cμd pulsIey dI AgvweI ivc pulIs ny gurduAwry dy lμgr ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ pulIs dy AYkSn dy i^lwPæ lokW ivc Awm kr ky Aqy is`KW ivc ^ws kr ky bVw ros pYdw hoieAw[

gurduAwry ’qy pulIs dy ies ‘hmly’ sbμDI 9 meI 1930 dy idn iek pVqwlIAw kmytI bxweI geI[ ies kmytI dy mYNbr sn: mOlwxw Abdul kwdr ksUrI, ky.AYl. rulIAw rwm, gulwb isMG reIs AYm.AYl.sI., bUtw isμG AYm.AYl.sI Aqy rucI rwm swhnI[ ies kmytI ny 44 gvwhW qoN ibAwn ley[ kmytI ny AwpxI irport 29 meI dy idn lwhOr ivc pyS kIqI[ irport ’c ikhw igAw ik ‘‘mijstryt dy au~Qy hwizr hox dy bwvjUd pulIs ny ibnW iejwzq ley golI clweI[ golI clwauxw bdly dI kwrvweI vjoN sI[ ieh zrUrq qoN v`D Aqy byihswbI kwrvweI sI[’’ (gurduAwrw sIs gMj &wieirMg AYnkuAwierI kmytI iroport, 1930)[

gol-myz kwn&rμsW
ijs vyly isvl nw-&urmwnI dI lihr cl rhI sI aunHIN idnIN lwrf ierivn ny Bwrq dw nvW AweIn bnwaux dy nW ’qy Bwrq dIAW v`K-v`K isAwsI pwrtIAW dI iek mIitμg lμfn ivc bulweI[ ies ƒ rwaUNf tybl kwn&rMs (gol myz kwn&rμs) dw nW id`qw igAw[ ieh kwn&rμs 12 nvμbr 1930 qoN 19 jnvrI 1931 qk clI[ kWgrs, AkwlI dl, sYNtrl is`K lIg swirAW ny ies dw bweIkwt kIqw sI, ies kr ky ienHW dw koeI vI numwieμdw ies kwn&rμs ivc Swiml nhIN sI[ auN\ ies ivc kul 89 fYlIgyt Swiml hoey sn[ ienHW ivcoN 16 ibRitS pwrlImYNt dy mYˆbr, 57 ibRitS Bwrq ivcoN Aqy 16 Bwrq dIAW irAwsqW dy numwieμdy sn[ SRomxI AkwlI dl vloN ies dw bweIkwt kIqy jwx kwrn ies ivc koeI vI pμQk nuμmwieμdw nhIN sI, pr srkwr ny mwstr qwrw isμG dw iek hm-nwm qwrw isμG (j`j pitAwlw hweI kort) is`KW dy numwieMdy vjoN lμfn ByijAw hoieAw sI[ BwvyN aus ƒ sYNtrl is`K lIg, SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI kmytI ny kdy vI pμQ dw numwieμdw nw mμinAw pr aus ny ies rwaUNf tybl kwn&rμs dOrwn hr msly ’qy qyj bhwdr sprU dw pUrw-pUrw swQ idqw Aqy ‘kOmI pwilsI’ dI ihmwieq kIqI[ ies kwn&rμs ivc brqwnvI pRweIm minstr ny iek BwrqI &YfrySn dI qjvIz r`KI ijs ivc sUby Aqy irAwsqW Swiml hoxIAW sn[ if&YNs Aqy ivdySI mwmilAW qoN isvw bwkI swry mihkmy BwrqIAW kol hoey sn[ sYNtr Aqy sUibAW ivc izμmyvwr srkwrW bxnIAW sn[ pr ikauN ik ies kwn&rμs ivc muK jQybμdIAW dy numwieμdy Swiml nhIN sn ies kr ky ies dw koeI nqIjw nw inkl sikAw[

auDr 5 mwrc 1931 dy idn gWDI qy lwrf iervn ivckwr smJOqw ho igAw qy swry kWgrsI Aqy AkwlI AwgU irhw kr idqy gey[ ies dy nwl hI brqwnvI srkwr ny dUjI golmyz kwn&rμs vI bulw leI[ ieh kwn&rμs 17 sqμbr 1931 qoN 1 dsbμr 1931 qk hoxI sI[ aus vyly ies ivc Ajy 6 mhIny bwkI sn[ 20 mwrc 1931 dy idn v`K-v`K is`K jQybμdIAW dw iek fYpUtySn gWDI ƒ imilAw[ ies fYpUtySn ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, sr juigμdrw isμG, suμdr isμG mjITw, au~jl isμG, mμgl isμG, sμpUrn isμG vZYrw Swiml sn[ ienHW ny gWDI ƒ ikhw ik is`KW dI smu`cI mμg hY ik i&rkU vμf ^qm kr idqI jwvy nhIN qW pμjwb ivc is`KW ƒ vI 30 &I sdI sItW idqIAW jwx jW pμjwb dy do zon bxwey jwx: musilm zon Aqy ZYr-musilm zon[ fYpUtySn ny is`K lIg dIAW 17 mμgW dw cwrtr vI gWDI ƒ pyS kIqw[ ieh 17 mμgW hyT ilKIAW sn:
(1) is`K i&rkU numwieμdgI dI mu^wl&q krdy hn[ (2) is`K ikauN ik pμjwb ivc byimswl hsqI rKdy hn ies kr ky auh pμjwb kONsl Aqy inzwm (rwj pRbμD) ivc 30 &I sdI ih`sw mμgdy hn[ (3) is`KW ƒ pμjwb vzwrq Aqy pbilk srivs kimSn ivc qIjw ih`sw idqw jwvy (4) jy auprlIAW SrqW bwry koeI ieμqzwm nw ho skdw hovy qW muslmwnW dI bhu-sμmqI vwlw ielwkw srh`dI sUby nwl imlw ky pMjwb ivc i&rkU qvwzn kwiem kIqw jwvy[ ies nvyN pμjwb ivc sItW dI vμf ^qm kr ky sWJIAW coxW krvweIAW jwx[ (5) jy ienHW ivcoN vI koeI h`l nw ho sky qW pμjwb dw ieμqzwm qd qk sYNtr srkwr kry jdoN qk koeI smJOqw nhIN ho jWdw[ (6) pμjwb dI d&qrI bolI pμjwbI hovy Aqy is`KW ƒ Aqy bwkIAW ƒ h`k hovy ik auh gurmuKI jW hor iksy vI ilpI ivc pμjwbI ƒ ilK skx[ (7) is`KW ƒ sYNtr ivc dohW hwaUisz ivc pμj-pμj &I sdI sItW idqIAW jwx[ (8) sYNtr dI vzwrq ivc hmySw Gto-Gt iek is`K hovy[ (9) jdoN vI &OjI-kONsl bxy is`KW ƒ numwieμdgI zrUr idqI jwvy[ (10) is`KW ny &Oj ivc iek ^ws ih`sw pwieAw hY Aqy ies ƒ mu`K r`K ky is`KW dw ih`sw jμg qoN pihlW vWg brkrwr r`iKAw jwvy[ (11) is`KW ƒ sYNtr dy pbilk srivs kimSn ivc vI numwieμdgI idqI jwvy[ (12) swrIAW bwkI (bcIAW) qwkqW sYNtr kol hox[ (13) sYNtr srkwr kol Gt-igxqIAW dI ih&wzq vwsqy ^ws A^iqAwr hox[ (14) is`KW ƒ bwkI sUibAW ivc vI hor Gt-igxqIAW vWg qwkq id`qI jwvy[ (15) sUbweI Aqy sYNtr srkwrW sYkUlr hox Aqy mOjUdw Dwrimk hwlqW brkrwr r`KIAW jwx[ (16) pMjwb ivc gurmuKI pVHwaux dw ^ws ieμqzwm kIqw jwvy[ (17) AweIn ivc koeI vI qbdIlI is`KW dI mrzI qoN ibnW nw kIqI jwvy[ (itRibaUn, 27 mwrc 1931)[

ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN 8 ApRYl 1931 dy idn sYNtrl is`K lIg dw swlwnw iejlws mwstr qwrw isμG dI pRDwngI hyT hoieAw[ (mwstr qwrw isMG ies vyly qk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw vI pRDwn bx cuikAw sI[ aus ƒ bwbw KVk isμG dI QW pRDwn bnwx vwsqy kWgrs pwrtI ny vI bVw rol Adw kIqw sI ikauNik aunHIN idnIN KVk isμG ny kWgrs dI r`jvIN mu^wl&q kIqI sI qy kr irhw sI[)[ sYNtrl is`K lIg dy ies sYSn ivc suμdr isμG mjITw, sr joigμdrw isμG, s:b: mihqwb isμG, mμgl isμG, srdUl isμG kvISr qoN ielwvw gWDI, rwjw nirμdr nwQ, ky. sμqwnm, srojnI nwiefU, fw. sY&-aud-dIn ikclU, gwzI Abdul rihmwn Aqy keI hor ZYr-is`K AwgU vI Swiml hoey[ sYNtrl is`K lIg dy ies iejlws ny 20 mwrc 1931 dy idn gWDI ƒ pyS kIqy is`K-cwrtr dIAW 17 mμgW ƒ miqAW vjoN pws kIqw[ ienHW 17 qoN ielwvw pMj hor mqy vI pws kIqy gey: (18) Bgq isμG, ijs ƒ 23 mwrc 1930 ƒ &WsI idqI geI sI, dw mwn kIqw jWdw hY (19) nwBw dy rwjw ƒ Awzwd kIqw jwvy[ (20) is`K &OjIAW dIAW pYnSnW bhwl kIqIAW jwx[ (21) isAwsI kYdI irhw kIqy jwx (22) dUjI golmyz kwn&rμs vwsqy mwstr qwrw isμG is`K numwieμdy hox[

pr 4 Agsq 1931 dy idn Bwrq dy vwiesrwey ny au~jl isμG qy sμpUrn isμG AYm.AYl.sI. (lwielpur) ƒ is`KW dy numwieMdy vjoN lμfn Byjx dw AYlwn kr idqw[ ies ’qy SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny iek mIitμg kr ky mqw pws kIqw ikauNik au~jl isμG qy sμpUrn isμG sYNtrl is`K lIg jW AkwlI dl dy numwieμdy nhIN hn ies kr ky is`K ienHW dy &YsilAW dy pwbμd nhIN hoxgy[

auDr pRqwp isμG kYroN (jnrl skqr SRomxI AkwlI dl) ny gWDI ƒ iek qwr ByjI ik ‘‘golmyz kwn&rμs ’qy jwxw is`K lIg nwl ZdwrI hY[’’ kWgrs ny is`K lIg nwl imlvrqx dw muAwihdw kIqw sI, pr, is`K lIg dw numwieμdw golmyz kwn&rμs ’qy nw iljwey jwxw ies vwAdy ƒ qoVnw sI[

dUjI golmyz kwn&rμs 17 sqμbr 1931 ƒ SurU ho geI[ kWgrs vloN ies kwn&rμs ivc iek`lw gWDI hI hwizr sI[ ies kwn&rμs dOrwn brqwnvI srkwr ny i&rkU numwieμdgI dy msly ’qy iek sb-kmytI bxw idqI[ ies kmytI ivc muslmwn numwieμidAW ny pμjwb ivc A`DIAW qoN v`D sItW (pUrI AksrIAq) dI mμg kIqI[ ies dI mu^wl&q sμpUrn isμG ny kIqI[ aus ny ikhw ik ‘‘pμjwb ivc musilm AksrIAq vwlI srkwr nwl ^wnw-jμgI &Yl jwvygI Aqy auh brqwnIAW dI v`fI qwkq dI mdd nwl is`KW ƒ ^qm kr dyxgy qy DrqI qoN aunHW dw nwmo-inSW imtw dyxgy[…mYN ieh nhIN kihμdw ik iksy iek kOm dI AksrIAq nw hovy, pr dUjIAW kOmW dI prvwh kIqy ibnW iksy iek kOm ƒ kwƒnI AksrIAq dy dyxw, myrI jwcy, AweInI AsUlW dy mu`FoN hI i^lw& hovygw[’’ sμpUrn isμG dy ies ibAwn qy musilm fYlIgyt iqlimlw au~Ty[ sr muhμmd S&I ny ies sbμD ivc bolidAW AwiKAw ik ‘‘mYƒ Awpxy is`K BrwvW dy l&zW ’qy byhd qklI& hoeI hY[ mYN qW soicAw sI ik sB dy sWJy gurU nwnk swihb dy pYrokwr swrIAW kOmW ivc eykqw kwiem krn dw vsIlw bxngy[’’ ies qrHW iqμnW kOmW vloN Awpo-Awpxy stYNf ’qy AVy rihx kwrn ies kwn&rμs ’coN kuJ vI nw inkl sikAw[ pμjwb ƒ do ih`isAW (musilm AksrIAq qy ZYr-musilm AksrIAq) ivc vμfx dI g`l vI kwmXwb nw ho skI[

ijvyN ik nvμbr 1927 ivc lwrf bIrknhY~f ny AwiKAw sI ik Bwrq dIAW v`K-v`K kOmW Awpxy i&rkU msly dw h`l nhIN k`F skdIAW, hux zwihrw qOr ’qy swibq ho igAw sI[ nqIjy dy qOr ’qy rYmzy mYkfwnlf ƒ Awpxw ‘swlsI’ &Yslw dyx dI KulH iml geI (qy ieh 17 Agsq 1932 dy idn ‘i&rkU &Ysly’ dI Skl ivc swhmxy AwieAw[)

gWDI lμfn qoN ^wlI h`Q muV AwieAw[ is`K AwpxI g`l pUrI qrHW mμnvw qW nw sky pr auh muslmwnW dI AksrIAq rokx ivc kwmXwb zrUr ho gey, hwlWik gWDI aunHW (muslmwnW) ƒ kuJ vDyry dyx vwsqy iqAwr ho igAw sI[ auN\ gWDI ny iek ibAwn ivc eynw zrUr AwiKAw ik ‘‘jy myry nwl mwstr qwrw isμG vrgy swQI huμdy qW mYƒ i&rkU msly qy nwkwmI nw sihxI pYˆdI[’’

dUjI golmyz kwn&rμs ’c Byjy gey is`K numwieMdy, sμpUrn isμG qy au~jl isμG, BwvyN SRomxI AkwlI dl jW sYNtrl is`K lIg dI mnzUrI vwly nhIN sn, pr aunHW ny AkwlI dl jW is`K lIg dI ip`T nhIN lgx idqI[ Kæws kr ky sMpUrn isMG ny qW kmwl dw rol Adw kIqw[

i&rkU &Yslw dI mu^wl&q qy
is`K AwgUAW v`loN pMQ dI hyTI krvwauxw
jdoN ihμdU, muslmwn Aqy is`K BwrqI AweIn hyT hox vwlIAW coxW ivc sItW dI vμf bwry i&rkU msly dw h`l k`Fx ivc nwkwmXwb ho gey qW brqwnvI pRweIm
minstr ƒ ies bwry Awpxw &Yslw dyxw ipAw[ ieh &Yslw 17 Agsq 1932 vwly idn id`qw igAw[ ies dw nW ‘‘i&rkU PYslw’’ vjoN jwixAw igAw[ ies &Ysly muqwibk pμjwb dI AsYNblI dIAW 175 sItW dI vμf ieμ\ hoeI:

(i&rkU &Ysly hyT) (i&rkU &Ysly qoN pihlW)
muslmwn   86       84
is`K        32       31
ihμdU        43       42
iesweI      2        2
XUrpIn      1        2
vpwrI       1
izmINdwr     5
XUnIvristIAW 1
AYNglo ieμfIAn 1
mzdUr 3
spYSl sItW   0     14

Xwin 17 Agsq 1932 qoN pihlW dIAW 14 spYSl sItW ivcoN 2 muslmwnW ƒ Aqy iek-iek is`KW qy ihμdUAW ƒ dy idqI geI[ ieh drAsl pihlW vwlw qnwsb hI sI, ijs dw mqlb sI koeI vI Aihm qbdIlI nw krnw[ auN\ ieh Ais`Dy qOr qy musilm AksrIAq hI sI, ikauNik aunHW ƒ 175 ivcoN AksrIAq vwsqy isr& 88 sItW dI loV sI[ aunHW kol 86 is`DIAW sItW sn Aqy izmIdwrW, mzdUrW, XUnIvristI qy vpwrIAW dIAW sItW ivcoN 4-5 auh AwswnI nwl iljw skdy sn[ isr& eynw hI nhIN blik eIsweIAW, AYNglo ieμfIAnz qy XUrpInW ny vI aunHW dw hI swQ dyxw sI[ pμjwb ivc musilm AksrIAq mμn lYx nwl swry Bwrq ivc Awm kr ky, qy is`KW ivc ^ws kr ky, iq`KI mu^wl&q hoeI[ ieh AYvwrf iek qrHW nwl ijnwh dy 14 nukwqI AYlwn nwmy dy iek nukqy ƒ pUrw krdw sI[

ies i&rkU &Ysly dy nqIjy dI iBxk swirAW ƒ pihloN hI pYx lg peI sI[ ies g`l ƒ BWpidAW hoieAW sYNtrl is`K lIg ny iek Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs 24 julweI 1932 dy idn lwhOr ivc rxjIq isμG dI smwD vwlI iblifμg ivc bulw leI sI[ ies mIitμg ivc 500 qoN v`D isrkrdw is`K AwgU qy vrkr Swiml hoey[ ienHW ivcoN muK sn: sμpUrn isμG AYm.AYl.sI., sμq isμG AYm.pI., s:b: mihqwb isμG, ig: Syr isμG, Amr isμG Syry-pμjwb, Bgq jsvμq isμG, gurmuK isμG muswi&r, Avqwr isμG bYirstr, hIrw isμG drd, igAwnI krqwr isμG, qyjw isμG AkrpurI, gopwl isμG kOmI, Bwg isμG vkIl, krqwr isμG J`br, au~jl isμG vZYrw[ ies iek`T ivc SRomxI AkwlI dl, sYNtrl is`K lIg, cI& Kwlsw dIvwn, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI, sYNtrl AkwlI dl, is`K nYSnilst pwrtI Aqy hor keI jQybμdIAW dy nuμmwieμidAW ny ih`sw ilAw[ mwstr qwrw isμG ies kwn&rμs ivc Swiml nw ho sikAw ikauN ik aus dy lwhOr dw^ly ’qy pwbμdI lgI hoeI sI[ pr auh rwvI qoN pwr Swhdrw ivc bYTw kwn&rμs dI kwrvweI clwauNdw irhw[

ies Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs ny &Yslw kIqw ik is`K muslmwnW dI AksrIAq ƒ kbUl nhIN krngy[ is`K Aijhw i&rkU &Yslw mnzUr nhIN krngy[ ies Aw rhy i&rkU &Ysly dy i^lw& j`dojihd krn vwsqy iek 17 mYNbrI ‘‘kONsl Aw& AYkSn’’ bxweI geI[ ies ‘‘kONsl Aw& AYkSn’’ ivc hornW qoN ielwvw hyT ilKy mYNbr vI Swiml sn: mwstr qwrw isμG, ig: Syr isμG, Bwg isμG vkIl, Avqwr isμG bYirstr, sμpUrn isμG AYm.AYl.sI., sμq isμG AYm.pI., ig: krqwr isμG, Amr isμG Syry-pμjwb, suμdr isμG mjITIAw, s:b: mihqwb isμG, au~jl isμG, bUtw isμG AYm.AYl.sI.[

29 julweI ƒ ies kONsl dI mIitμg Swhdrw ivc hoeI[ ies ivc syvw isμG TIkrIvwlw ƒ vI nvW mYNbr pw ilAw igAw[ ies mIitμg ivc iek l`K is`KW dI ‘AkwlI ShIdI POj’ bxwaux vwsqy BrqI SurU krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 31 julweI 1928)[

ienHW idnW ivc hI pμjwb dw gvrnr cwr mhIny vwsqy Cu`tI qy jw irhw sI[ aus dI QW ’qy AwrzI qOr ’qy gvrnr bxn vwsqy sr iskμdr ^wihSmμd sI[ aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ swry i&kirAW ƒ mnzUr S^s swibq krn vwsqy is`K nuμmwieμidAW dI vI ihmwieq hwisl krn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies sbμD ivc aus ny 4 Agsq 1932 ƒ au~jl isμG, sμpUrn isμG, ig: Syr isμG qy ig: krqwr isμG ƒ iSmly bulwieAw[ iskμdr ny ienHW ƒ ‘XkIn’ idvwieAw ik auh Aw rhy kimaUnl AYvwrf (i&rkU &Yslw) ivc is`KW dI mdd krn dI koiSS krygw[ 14 Agsq dy idn ‘kONsl Aw& AYkSn’ ny sr iskμdr dI mdd vwsqy iSmly pu`jy cOhW is`K AwgUAW dI inμdw kIqI Aqy AYlwn kIqw ik auh cwry zwqI qOr qy iSmly pu`jy sn nw ik ‘‘kONsl’’ dy nuμmwieμidAW vjoN[

17 Agsq ƒ aus i&rkU PYsly, ijs dI ipCly iqμn h&qy qoN Aws sI, dw rsmI AYlwn kr idqw igAw[ ies dy nwl hI is`KW vloN Kws kr ky qy ihμdUAW vloN Awm qOr ’qy ies dI mu^wl&q Aqy muzμmq SurU ho geI[ pihly idn hI Amr isμG Syry-pμjwb, s:b: mihqwb isμG, gurmuK isμG muswi&r, ig: Syr isμG, sμq isμG AYm.pI., gokl cμd nwrμg, bI.Awr. purI, rwey bhwdr durgw dws qy horW ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ pRo. fI.sI. Srmw ny ikhw ik ‘muslmwnW ƒ sB kuJ dy idqw igAw hY pr is`KW qy ihμdUAW nwl byiensw&I kIqI geI hY[’ dUjy pwsy XUnIAinst pwrtI dy Aihmd Xwr ^wn dOlwnw ny ikhw ik muslmwnW ƒ p`kI AksrIAq nw dy ky aunHW nwl byiensw&I kIqI geI hY[

20 Agsq 1932 dy idn kONsl Aw& AYkSn dI iek mIitμg lwhOr ivc hoeI[ ies ivc hyT ilKy mqy pws kIqy gey: (1) is`K kimaUnl AYvwrf ƒ r`d krdy hn[ (2) gurduAwrw coxW, jo 1933 ivc hoxIAW sn, bwry &Yslw kIqw jWdw hY ik ienHW coxW ivc mukwblw nw hovy qy sItW pihlW ij`qI pwrtI ƒ hI dy idqIAW jwx[ (3) JgVy vwlIAW sItW vwsqy Bwg isμG vkIl ƒ swls mμinAw igAw (4) 17 sqμbr ƒ i&rkU &Ysly dy ivroD dy idn vjoN mnwieAw jwvy[ (5) 25 sqμbr ƒ ‘gurU Kwlsw drbwr’ bxw ky i&rkU &Ysly dy iKlw& jdojihd SurU kIqI jwvy[ (6) AkwlI ShIdI &Oj ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl hI BrqI kry Aqy ieh AkwlI dl dw hI iek ivμg hovy[ ies dy nwl hI sμpUrn isμG Aqy au~jl isμG ny rwaUNf-tybl kwn&rμs qoN Aqy AYfvweIzrI kmytI qoN AsqI&y dy id`qy[ kONsl Aw& AYkSn ny aunHW dy AsqIi&AW dI qwrI& kIqI[

17 sqμbr ƒ hr pwsy is`KW ny ros idn mnw ky i&rkU &Ysly ƒ vwips lYx dI mμg kIqI[
24 sqμbr ƒ sμpUrn isμG Aqy aujl isμG ny pμjwb kONsl qoN AsqI&w dy idqw[ ienHIN idnIN hI qIjI gol-myz kwn&rμs vwsqy numwieMdy Byjx vwsqy srkwr ny kuJ is`K AwgUAW qk phuμc kIqI[ suμdr isμG mjITw, sr joigμdrw isμG, rwjw dljIq isμG Aqy bUtw isμG ny srkwr ƒ korw jvwb dy idqw[

25 sqμbr ƒ kONsl Aw& AYkSn dI iek mIitμg lwhOr ivc hoeI ijs ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik i&rkU &Ysly dy i^lw& AYjItySn krn vwsqy ‘Kwlsw drbwr’ bxwieAw jwvy[ ies dy 250 mYNbr ley jwxw mnzUr hoieAw[ ienHW ivcoN 200 pμjwb qoN Aqy 50 pμjwboN bwhr dy hoxy sn[ ienHW dI cox SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI cox dy qrIky nwl kIqI jwxI sI[ ies mIitμg ivc kONslW dy is`K mYNbrW ƒ ApIl kIqI geI ik auh Awpxy AsqI&y Kwlsw drbwr ƒ Byj dyx qy A`goN Kwlsw drbwr auh AsqI&y srkwr ƒ Byj dyvy[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 27 sqMbr 1928)[

15 AkqUbr 1932 ƒ iek is`K isAwsI kwn&rμs hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt dI pRDwngI hyT hoeI[ ies kwn&rμs ivc hornW qoN ielwvw Bgq jsvμq isμG, drSn isμG PyrUmwn, aUDm isμG nwgoky, suμdr isμG mjITw, ig: krqwr isμG qy mdn mohn mwlvIAw vI Swiml hoey[ ies kwn&rμs ny i&rkU &Yslw r`d krn dI mμg kIqI[ g`l kI hr pwsy is`KW ny ies dI r`jvIN mu^wl&q kIqI[

i&rkU &Ysly dI eynI zbrdsq mu^wl&q vyK ky ieμglYNf ivc ieh Awm crcw cl irhw sI ik ies ƒ vwips lYxw hI pvygw[ AμgryzW ny 1920 qoN 1926 qk gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn ieh smJ ilAw sI ik is`KW ƒ JukwieAw nhIN jw skdw[ Aμgryz smJdy sn ik gWDI qW Juk skdw hY pr is`K hiQAwr nhIN su`tdy[ aunHW ny nihrU irport dw hSr vI vyiKAw sI ik ikvyN is`KW vloN mu^wl&q ny ies irport ƒ r`dI dI tokrI qk phuμcw idqw sI[ ies kr ky Aμgryz srkwr ƒ ^dSw sI ik is`K XkInn morcw lw dyxgy[ auDr iskμdr hXwq ^wn kuJ mhIny vwsqy pμjwb dw gvrnr bx igAw[ aus ny AμgryzI srkwr ƒ pYZwm iBjvw idqw ik is`K muslmwnW ƒ iek sIt dI AksrIAq dyxw mμn gey hn[ ies kr ky vI lμfn ivc i&rkU &Ysly ƒ vwips lYx dI g`l iek vwr Pyr ipCy pY geI[

XUintI kwn&rμsW
Aμgryz qy muslmwn hI nhIN bhuqy ihμdU vI AμdroN-AμdrIN i&rkU &Ysly ƒ lwgU krn ivc rwzI sn[ AZr mu^wl&q sI qW auh is`DI is`KW vloN hI sI[ Aμgryz ny
qW ies &Ysly ƒ Awp kIqw sI, muslmwnW ƒ AksrIAq iml geI sI qy ihμdU AwgUAW ƒ pμjwb qy sUbw srhd C`f ky swry mulk dI hkUmq iml rhI sI, ies kr ky aunHW ƒ pμjwb ivc is`KW dI kurbwnI dyx ivc koeI iJjk nhIN sI Aw rhI[ auN\ au~qoN-au~qoN keI kWgrsI AwgU ies &Ysly dI mu^wl&q kr rhy sn[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ AwgUAW ny iqμnW kOmW ivc ‘eykqw’ Aqy sWJ dy nW qy ‘XUintI kwn&rμsW’ dw ieμqzwm kIqw[

pihlI XUintI kwn&rμs 2 nvμbr 1932 dy idn Alwhwbwd ivc hoeI[ ies kwn&rμs dy AwrgynweIzr sn: mdn mohn mwlvIAw Aqy SOkq AlI[ ies kwn&rμs ivc 63 ihμdU, 11 is`K, 39 muslmwn Aqy 8 eIsweI nuμmwieμidAW ny ih`sw ilAw[ ies kwn&rμs ivc is`KW ny mμg kIqI ik: (1) Bwrq ivc Awm lokW dI izμmydwr hkUmq kwiem kIqI jwvy[ (2) hr iek Drm Aqy klcr dI ih&wzq kIqI jwvy[ (3) hr iek i&rky dw nuμmwieμdw sYˆtr dI vzwrq ivc hovy[ (4) srivs kimSn ivc vI hr iek i&rky dw Gto-Gt iek nuμmwieμdw zrUr hovy[ (5) pμjwb ivc 10 swlW vwsqy muslmwnW ƒ 51, is`KW ƒ 20, ihμdUAW ƒ 27 qy bwkI i&rikAW ƒ do &I sdI sItW idqIAW jwx[ (6) koeI kwƒn AYsw nw bxwieAw jwey qy koeI Aijhw vzIr nw bxwieAw jwey ijs ƒ iksy iek i&rky dy 75 &I sdI numwieμdy nw-mnzUr krn[

15 qy 16 dsμbr 1932 ƒ Alwhwbwd ivc Pyr mIitμg hoeI[ ies ivc is`KW vloN ig: Syr isμG, ig: krqwr isμG kYNblpurI Aqy cI& Kwlsw dIvwn dy numwieμdy Swiml hoey[ kwn&rμs ivc swrIAW pwrtIAW Awi^r ies is`ty qy puj geIAW ik pμjwb ivc muslmwnW ƒ 51 &I sdI sItW idqIAW jwx Aqy is`KW ƒ ^ws shUlqW idqIAW jwx[ sYNtr ’c muslmwnW ƒ 30 &I sdI sItW imlx[

qIjI gol-myz kwn&rμs
i&rkU msly dw h`l krn vwsqy qIjI golmyz kwn&rμs dsμbr 1932 ivc lμfn ivc hoeI[ swrIAW is`K jQybμdIAW ny ies dw bweIkwt kIqw[ AμgryzW ny ies vwr vI qwrw isμG nW dw iek nwmwlUm is`K lB ilAw Aqy aus ƒ lμfn lY gey[ iek pwsy qIjI golmyz kwn&rμs ho rhI sI qy dUjy pwsy XUintI kwn&rμs dIAW kwrvweIAW vI cl rhIAW sn[ Ajy ieh XUintI kwn&rμs iksy is`ty qy nhIN pu`jI sI ik ies imlwp qy eykqw dIAW kwrvweIAW ƒ qwrpIfo krn vwsqy brqwnIAw dy Bwrq vwsqy sYktrI Aw& styt ny 24 dsμbr ƒ AYlwn kr idqw ik muslmwnW ƒ sYNtr ivc 33 &I sdI sItW imlxgIAW Aqy isμD ƒ v`Krw sUbw bxwieAw jwvygw[ ies AYlwn ny muslmwnW ƒ aunHW dI Aws qoN kuJ vDyry dy idqw[ ies nwl ieh ‘XUintI kwn&rμs’ AwpxI mOq Awp hI mr geI[

qIjI golmyz kwn&rμs mgroN Aμgryz srkwr ny 19 mwrc 1933 dy idn ‘vweIt pypr’ jwrI kr id`qw[ ies muqwibk swry pμjwb ivc muslmwnW dI p`kI AksrIAq kbUl kr leI geI[ pμjwb dIAW 175 sItW dI vμf ieμ\ kIqI geI: muslmwn 84, ihμdU 34, is`K 31, p`CVIAW zwqW 8, eIsweI 2, AYNglo ieμfIAn 1, Aμgryz 1, XUnIvristI 1, jgIrdwr 5, mzdUr 2, AOrqW 1, vpwrI 1, ieμfstrI 1[ Xwin ies muqwibk jgIrdwrW ivcoN 2/3, mzdUrW ivcoN 1 qy bwkI spYSl sItW ivcoN vI iek muslmwn XkInn cuixAw jwxw sI[ ieμ\ muslmwn 88 bx jWdy sn qy aunHW dI p`kI AksrIAq ho jWdI sI[ qkrIbn hr hwlq ivc eIsweI, Aμgryz Aqy AYNglo-ieμfIAnz ny vI aunHW dw swQ dyxw sI[ sYNtr dI AsYNblI vwsqy pμjwb nUM 30 sItW id`qIAW geIAW sn[ ienHW 30 ivcoN muslmwn 14, is`K 6, ihμdU 5, pCVIAW zwqW, eIsweIAW, AYNglo ieμfIAnW, jgIrdwrW, AOrqW ƒ 1-1 sIt (kul 5) Alwt hoeI[ sUbw srhd dIAW 50 sItW ivcoN muslmwnW ƒ 36 qy is`KW ƒ 3 sItW Alwt kIqIAW geIAW[

ies vweIt pypr Aqy i&rkU &Ysly ivc koeI ^ws &rk nhIN sI[ hr kOm ƒ pihlW ijμnIAW hI sItW imlIAW sn, isr& ihμdUAW dIAW 8 sItW pCVIAW zwqW ƒ iml geIAW sn[ bwkI sB qkrIbn pihlW vWg hI sI[

muslmwnW dI is`KW nwl izAwdqI
gurduAwrw ShId gμj (isMGxIAW) lwhOr

gurduAwrw ShId gμj (isμGxIAW) Jμfw bzwr, lwhOr, ivc hY[ ieh gurduAwrw aunHW isμGxIAW qy BuJMgIAW dI ShIdI dI Xwd ivc hY ijnHW ƒ ATHwrvIN sdI ivc mIr mMnU dy zulm dw iSkwr hoxw ipAw sI[ aunHIN idnIN ie`Qy bμdI-Kwnw huμdw sI[ mIr mMnU pμjwb dw hwkm Aqy is`KW dw v`fw duSmx sI[ aus ny is`KW ƒ qsIhy dyx vwsqy aunHW dIAW AOrqW Aqy b`cy vI igR&qwr kr ky lY AWdy sn[ aunHW nUM ies bMdI Kwny ivc r`iKAw jWdw sI[ ienHW AOrqW swhmxy aunHW dy b`cy ShId kIqy jWdy[ aunHW ƒ svw-svw mx kxk pIsxI pYNdI, Bu`Ky Aqy ipAwsy rihxw pYNdw[ ies QW ’qy bhuq is`K b`cy qy bIbIAW ShId kIqIAW geIAW sn[ ienHW ivc BweI mnI isμG dI isMGxI bsMq kOr vI Swiml sI[ jdoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isμG ny lwhOr ’qy kbzw kIqw qW aus ny ies bMdI-Kwny ƒ aunHW bhwdr isμGxIAW dI Xwdgwr bxw id`qw Aqy ies QW ’qy ieh gurduAwrw auswr id`qw[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isμG dy vyly qoN ieh gurduAwrw in`kI ie`t dw sI[ vkq bIqx nwl ies dI iek kμD F`T geI[ jdoN ies kμD ƒ dubwrw bxwaux l`gy qW muslmwnW ny rOlw pw id`qw ik ies gurduAwry ivc msIq hY[ ies bwry musilm numwieμidAW ny Adwlq ivc kys kIqw ijhVw auh hwr gey[ hwr qoN icVH ky muslmwnW ny hweI kort ivc ApIl vI kIqI qy nwl hI AYjItySn vI SurU kr id`qI[
hweI kort dy &Ysly mgroN pμjwb srkwr ny Aqy Bwrq srkwr ny vI ies iemwrq au~qy is`KW dw pUrw h`k qslIm kr ilAw sI[ ies bwry pμjwb srkwr ny swry ifptI kimSnrW ƒ qwrW vI ByjIAW ik isKW ƒ pUrw h`k hY ik auh msijd vrgy nzr AwauNdy FWcy nUM fyg lYx[ imlwp A^bwr muqwibk:‘‘hkUmq pμjwb ny sUbw ky qmwm kimSnroN AOr ifptI kimSnroN ky nwm qwryN qrSwl kIN, ijn myN bqwXw igAw Qw ik jhW qk gurduAwrw kI kwƒnI pozISn kw qA`lk hY, qwzIrwq ihμd kI dPw 295 kw ies bwry myN ieμqkwl nhIN ho skqw[ AOr hkUmq ihμd ky kwƒnI APæsr ny BI hkUmq pμjwb kI rwey qsdIk kr dI hY[ ien hwlwq ky m`dy-nzr hkUmq msijd ky igrwny sy is`KoN ko rokny ky lIey koeI iekqdwm nhIN krygI[” (rozwnw imlwp, 25 meI 1936, igAwnI ^zwn isMG, ieiqhws gurduAwrw ShId gMj lwhOr, s&w 56)[

gu: ShId gμj ivclI Ksqw hwlq dI iblifμg Aqy kuJ guμbd Fwhux dw kμm 24 jUn 1935 ƒ SurU hoieAw Aqy 27 jUn qk cldw irhw pr 28 jUn ƒ iek syvwdwr mylw isμG dI mlby hyT Aw ky mOq ho jwx kr ky Fwhux dw kμm mulqvI kr id`qw igAw[ Agly idn hI muslmwnW ny gurduAwrw ShId gμj dy Awly-duAwly c`kr lwauxy SurU kr id`qy[

2 julweI dy idn muslmwnW ny lwhOr ivc bVy BVkwaU jlUs k`Fy ijs kr ky ShwlmI qy gumtI bzwr bμd ho gey[ Sihr ivc pulIs dw zbrdsq pihrw lw id`qw igAw[ 3 julweI ƒ fI.sI. ny muzwhry bμd krvw id`qy[ ies bwry 60 muslmwn AwgUAW ƒ noits kwrI kr id`qy gey[ 4 julweI ƒ muslmwn AwgUAW ny is`KW nwl gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb ivKy glbwq kIqI pr koeI is`tw nw inkilAw[ pμj julweI ƒ is`KW dy jQy vI lwhOr phuμcxy SurU ho gey[ 6 julweI ƒ juμmy (Sukrvwr) dI inmwz mgroN muslmwnW ny jlUs kiFAw[ pulIs ny aunHW ƒ iKμf jwx dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ A`goN aunHW ny ie`tW mwrIAW ijs nwl kuJ APæsr z^mI hoey[ ies ’qy pulIs ny lwTIcwrj kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI pulIs dw pihrw s^q kr id`qw igAw qy mSIngμnW vI mμgvw leIAW geIAW[ iesy idn muslmwnW qy is`KW dy fYpUtySn vK-vK qOr ’qy lwrf ƒ gvrnmYNt hwaUs ivc imly, pr koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw[

7 julweI 1935 ƒ gurduAwry ivc swrw idn dIvwn sijAw[ Swm ƒ iek is`K dy ShId hox dI ^br Awaux kr ky is`K roh ivc Aw gey Aqy is`KW ny Ksqw iemwrq iek dm FwhuxI SurU kr id`qI[ 8 julweI ƒ rwq swFy AT vjy qoN svyry pμj vjy qk kri&aU lw idqw igAw[ 8 julweI ƒ muslmwnW v`loN BweI Arjn isμG ƒ ShId kr id`qw igAw qy do is`K ispwhIAW hrnwm isμG qy swDU isμG aupr mwrU hmlw kIqw igAw[ bwAd ivc hrnwm isμG dI vI mOq ho geI[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 9 julweI 1935)[

12 julweI ƒ SwhI msjd ivc hzwrW muslmwnW ny nmwz pVI[ Swm ƒ jlsw hoieAw ijs ivc s`Xd Aqwau~lw Swh bu^wrI ny ikhw ik muslmwnW kol hzwrW msijdW hn, iek dI ^wiqr joS ivc nhIN Awauxw cwhIdw[

13 julweI ƒ lwhOr ivc jlsy bμd krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw igAw[ iesy idn gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb kol is`KW dw qy drvwzy qoN bwhr muslmwnW dw jlsw hoieAw[ mOlwnw zPr AlI ^wn, s`Xd hbIb, mlk lwl ^wn vgYrw igR&qwr kr ley gey[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 14 julweI 1935)[

16 julweI ƒ muslmwn SwhI msijd coN nmwz pVH ky jlUs bxw ky tury[ pulIs ny jlUs ƒ lwTIcwrj nwl iKμfw id`qw[ 17 julweI ƒ vI SwhI msijd ivc nmwz ip`CoN BVkwaU qkrIrW hoeIAW[ bwhr inklx ’qy pulIs ny 5 bμdy PV ley[ aunHW v`loN pulIs au~pr ie`tW mwrn ’qy lwTIcwrj kIqw igAw[ iesy idn hI hIrw mμfI qy f`bI bzwr ivc vI jlUs inkly ijhVy ik lwTIcwrj ip`CoN iKMfwA id`qy gey[ iesy idn kuJ is`K vI do ikrpwnW pweIAW hoieAW hox kwrn igR&qwr kIqy gey[ Swm ƒ lwrf ny kONsl cYNbr ivc dohW iDrW dy AwgUAW nwl glbwq kIqI, pr nqIjw kuJ nw inkilAw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 19 julweI 1935)[

19 julweI ƒ vI SwhI msIq ivcoN jlUs inkilAw[ ijs ’qy iqμn vwr lwTI cwrj kIqw igAw[ pr 20 julweI ƒ keI hzwr muslmwn id`lI drvwzy bwhr fty rhy qy gurduAwry vl vDx dI koiSs krdy rhy[ iesy Swm ƒ muslmwnW ny pulIs ƒ ie`tW mwrIAW ijs nwl pulIs ƒ 10 vwr golI clwauxI peI[ AkbrI drvwzy dy bwhr vI muslmwnW dy iek`T ’qy lwTI cwrj qy golI clwauxI peI[ srkwrI AYlwn muqwibk golI nwl 10 mOqW hoeIAW Aqy pQrwA nwl 124 pulsIey z^mI hoey[

22 julweI ƒ vzIr ^wn msijd ivc jlsw hoieAw[ AihrwrIAW ny s^q proggwm ivc ih`sw lYxoN nWh kr id`qI[ 23 julweI ƒ muslmwnW dy iek DVy ny AYjItySn SurU kr id`qI[ pμj-pμj dy jQy igR&qwrI vwsqy jwx lg pey [ musilm au~lmW (ivdvwnW) ny ies AYjItySn ƒ nwjwiez krwr id`qw[ lIfrW ny smJwieAw ik hVqwlW kr ky mwlI nukswn nw kIqw jwvy[ 24 julweI ƒ vI jQy gey[ keIAW ny Adwlq ivc jw ky muAw&I mμg leI[ ies idn vzIr ^wn msijd ivc iPr jlsw hoieAw, pr gVbV &Yl geI[ srkwr ny golI clwaux dI qhkIkwq leI kmytI nIAq kr id`qI[

25 julweI qoN muslmwnW dy jQy jwxy bμd ho gey[ 28 julweI ƒ AihrwrI Aqy dUjy muslmwnW dw iek`T hoieAw ijs ivc bhuq rOlw ipAw[ A^Ir aunHW ny is`KW nwl glbwq krn leI kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies qrHW 30 julweI ƒ iek vwrI hwlq nwrml ho gey[

SRomxI AkwlI dl ny ivgVdI hwlq ƒ swhmxy r`K ky mwmlw sμBwilAw[ mwstr qwrw isμG lwhOr phuμc gey[ ies dy nwl hI bwbw KVk isμG, aUDm isμG nwgokyy, sohx isMG jlwlausmw qy eISr isμG mJYl vI AYjItSn ivc iTlH pey[ 21 julweI 1935 ƒ Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs Akwl q^q swihb ’qy hoeI ijs ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, s:b: mihqwb isμG, BweI qyjw isμG msqUAwxw, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, igAwnI Syr isμG, bwvw hrikSn isμG, Avqwr isμG bYirstr, hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI, eISr isμG mJYl Aqy Amr isμG (Syry-pμjwb) dI iek kmytI bxweI geI ijhVI SRomxI kmytI ƒ ShId gμj sbμμDI slwh dyvy[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 23 julweI 1935)[

hux SRomxI kmytI ny mwmlw Awpxy h`Q ivc lY ilAw[ pr, 30 julweI 1935 ƒ hI lwhOr ivc muslm AYjItySn bμd ho geI Aqy iek vwr qW Amn-Amwn kwiem ho igAw[

9 Agsq 1935 ƒ ShId gμj dI F`TI kμD auswrnI SurU kr id`qI geI Aqy 12 Agsq ƒ AμgryzI &Oj vI auQoN h`t geI[ ies qrHW muslm AYjItySn ibnW Asr qoN ^qm ho geI[ kwmXwbI mgroN is`KW ny 18 sqμbr 1935 ƒ ShId gμj ivc BwrI dIvwn kIqw ijs ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, Amr isμG (Syry-pμjwb) qy hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt ny is`K kys bwry disAw[ 20 sqμbr ƒ iPr is`K-dIvwn hoieAw[

30 sqμbr 1935 ƒ SwhI msIq ivc muslmwnW dw BwrI iek`T hoieAw Aqy ShId gμj sbμDI qkrIrW hoeIAW[ msijd dy mIr ny 10 l`K dI &Oj BrqI krn leI ikhw ijs nwl hr muslmwn pRvwr ƒ juVn dI ApIl kIqI geI[ SOkq AlI ny vI ieho ijhI qkrIr kIqI[ pr ieh jlsw iesy qrHW hI ^qm ho igAw[

2 AkqUbr 1935 ƒ SOkq AlI AkwlI AwgUAW ƒ ShId gμj bwry imilAw[ 23 AkqUbr 1935 ƒ muslmwnW dw BwrI jlUs inkilAw[ ies 50 hzwr dy BwrI jlUs ivc iek is`K ibSn isμG ƒ kql kr id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN pulIs ny lwTIcwrj kIqw[ pr ies qoN bwAd iPr cup-cwp ho geI[ iPr 1 dsμbr 1935 ƒ muslmwnW ny gurduAwrw cumwlw swihb aupr hmlw kIqw[

15 dsμbr 1935 ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI mIitμg lwhOr ShId gμj sbμDI hoeI ijs ivc srkwr qoN d^l vwsqy mμg kIqI geI[

muslmwn iek vwr qW cup ho gey pr 1 &rvrI 1936 ƒ Pyr AYjItySn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ijnwh ny vI ies ivc d^l id`qw qy is`K AwgUAW ƒ imlxw cwihAw[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny 18 &rvrI 1936 ƒ ijnwh ƒ ikhw ik ‘‘mYN ShId gμj sbμDI koeI sulwh krn leI iqAwr nhIN[” (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 20 &rvrI 1936)[

24 PrvrI qy iPr 27 &rvrI 1936 ƒ ijnwh Pyr AkwlI AwgUAW ƒ imilAw[ ies glbwq ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt, sμpUrn isμG qy ibSn isμG (dovyN AYm.AYl.sI.) Swiml hoey[ pr ies mIitμg dw koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw[

25 meI 1936 ƒ sYSn j`j lwhOr ny kwkU Swh dI kbr dy muk`dmy vwly is`KW ƒ brI kr id`qw qy ikhw ik ieh kbr vwlI QW is`KW kol 1850 sμn qoN vI pihlW dI hY qy ShId gμj isr& is`KW dw hI hY[ ies qrHW iek vwr qW ShId gμj bwry JgVw ^qm ho igAw[ muslmwnW ny ies qoN bwAd hweI kort ivc ApIl kIqI[ 26-1-38 cI& jsits fugls Xμg, jsits iB`fy Aqy jsits dIn muhμmd dy Pu`l bYNc ny ShId gμj dw &Ysly ƒ is`KW dy h`k ivc kIqw[ iPr muslmwn pRIvI kONsl ivc kys lY gey[ au~Qy vI &Yslw is`KW dy h`k ivc hoieAw qy ieh JgVw sdw leI h`l ho igAw[ ies qoN 50 swl mgroN 1988 ivc ‘ieslwmI Adwlq’ ny vI &Yslw is`KW dy h`k ivc id`qw)[

kot BweI Qwn isμG
pihlI AprYl 1937 ƒ rwq dy sq vjy rwvlipμfI qoN 25 mIl dUr, kot BweI Qwn isμG dy gurduAwry au~qy muslmwnW ny hmlw kr id`qw[ Gtnw vyly is`K gurduAwry ivc kIrqn kr rhy sn[ muslmwnW ny is`KW ƒ kIrqn krn qoN roikAw[ pr is`K nw ruky Aqy kIrqn krdy rhy[ muslmwn gurduAwry Aμdr jw vVy qy is`KW au~pr hmlw kr id`qw[ iek isμG BweI inrml isμG ShId ho igAw Aqy 13 is`K P`tV hoey[ muslmwnW ny gurduAwry dIAW bwrIAW qoV su`tIAW[ pulIs ny phuμc ky golI clw ky hwlq ’qy kwbU pwieAw pr koeI igR&qwrI nw kIqI (ikauNik mukwmI pulIs ivc isr& muslmwn hI sn)[ Agly idn 2 AprYl ƒ is`K AwgU au~Qy phuμcy qW pulIs ny 18 muslmwn igR&qwr kIqy[

QoVy hI idnW bwAd izlHw gujrwq dy ipμf Awhlw ivc vI is`KW dy iek dIvwn au~qy muslmwnW ny hmlw kr ky BweI suμdr isμG rwgI ƒ kql kr idqw[ ieho ijhIAW GtnwvW dw kwrn Swied ieh vI sI ik pμjwb ivc XUnIAinstW dI srkwr sI qy sr iskμdr pμjwb dw cI& minstr sI qy muslmwn Apxw rwj smJdy sn[ kot BweI Qwn isμG dI Gtnw ny is`K jgq ƒ kμbw ky r`K id`qw[ gurduAwrw ShId gμj lwhOr dw mslw Ajy pUrI qrHW h`l nhIN sI hoieAw ik ieh au~qoN nvIN musIbq Aw KVHI hoeI[ 11 AprYl 1937 ƒ AkwlI jQy kot BweI Qwn ƒ isμG rvwnw hox l`g pey[ mwstr qwrw isμG vI au~Qy phuμc gey[ 12 AprYl ƒ kot BweI Qwn isμG ivc dIvwn sijAw ijs ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, eISr isμG mJYl, cμnx isμG aurwVw qy ig: krqwr isμG ny qkrIrW kIqIAW Aqy srkwr qoN iensw& dI mμg kIqI[

kot BweI Qwn isμG muhμmd Swh nvwz ^wn dw ipμf sI[ gurduAwry dy Awly duAwly dI swrI zmIn ausy dI sI[ swrw ielwkw muslmwnW dw sI qy jo ihμdU Aqy is`K pihloN auQy rihμdy sn auh Swh invwz dy bμidAW qoN fr ky ipMf C`f gey sn[ hux isr& gurduAwry ivc hI s`q-A`T syvwdwr rih gey sn[ muhmμd ^wn ny is`KW ƒ nihr ivcoN pwxI lYx qoN vI rok id`qw[ (durlB isMG, d vylIAYNt &weItr, s&w 125)[ ies sbμDI pμjwb AsYNblI ivc kμm-rokU mqw vI riKAw igAw qy cI& minstr sr iskμdr ny vwAdw kIqw ik auh smJOqw krvw dyvygw ikauNik Swh invwz aus dw ^ws dosq sI[ pr, ies dy bwvjUd mslw h`l nw hoieAw[
AkwlI dl ny 24-25 AprYl 1937 ƒ Awpxy jnrl iejlws ivc kot BweI Qwn isμG dy msly ’qy srkwr Aqy pulIs dI vDIkI Aqy srkwr vloN muslmwnW dI nwjwiez ihmwieq dI inμdw kIqI[ 6 Agsq 1937 qoN AkwlI dl ny kot BweI Qwn isμG ivc pwxI dy msly ’qy morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw[ pr 19 Agsq 1937 ƒ AdwlqI kys ivc ij`q hox ’qy kot BweI Qwn isμG dw mslw hl ho igAw[ 19 Agsq 1937 ƒ pμjwb hweIkort ny is`KW ƒ swFy 10 qoN fyF vjy q`k pwxI dI iejwzq dy id`qI qy hukm kIqw ik muslmwn aus smyN pwxI lYx nw jwx[ ies dy nwl hI kYNblpur dw izlHw mijstryt vI bdl id`qw igAw (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 21 Agsq 1937)[[ ies hukm dy bwvjUd 23 Agsq 1937 ƒ muslmwn AOrqW ny is`KW dy pwxI dy GVy Bμn id`qy qy pulIs ny irport vI nw ilKI[ ieho ijhIAW hrkqW Aksr huμdIAW rhIAW qy is`KW ƒ qμg kIqw jWdw irhw[ 24 &rvrI 1938 ƒ AkwlI mYNbrW ny kONsl ivc, kot BweI Qwn isMG ivc pulIs dy rol dy i^lw& kμm-rokU mqw pyS kIqw[ pr 30 mYNbrW dI ihmwieq nw iml skx kr ky ieh mqw pyS krn dI iejwzq nw imlI[ cI& Kwlsw dIvwn qy Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI dy mYNbrW ny vI ies mOky ’qy swQ nw id`qw[

26 &rvrI 1938 ƒ muslm lIg dy AYm.AYl.ey. brkq AlI ny gu: ShId gμj sbμDI ibl pyS kIqw pr 16 mwrc 1938 ƒ bihs vyly iskμdr Aqy pμjwb srkwr ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI[ 4 AprYl ƒ sr iskμdr ny ShId gμj bwry iek kmytI bxweI ijs ivc dsONDw isμG, au~jl isμG, gopI cμd Bwrgo, dIvwn cmn lwl purI, SYK krwmwq AlI, pIr mkbUl mihmUd qy sIRmqI ^wild lqI& gwbw mYNbr sn[ 19 AprYl ƒ mwstr jI ny ibAwn ivc ikhw ik koeI is`K ShId gμj sbμDI smJOqw krn leI iqAwr nhIN ho skdw[ ies ’qy ieh mslw Awpxy-Awp ^qm ho igAw[

hwlW ik ShId gμj dw mslw AdwlqW ny h`l kr id`qw sI[ pr iPr vI muslmwn kdy-kdy AiVμgw fwhuμdy rhy pr, ies dy bwvjUd ies ivcoN muslmwn kuJ nw K`t sky[

ikRpwn ’qy pwbμdI
gurduAwrw ShId gμj lwhOr ivc jdoN muslmwnW ny AYjItySn kIqI qW srkwr ny d&w 144 lw id`qI Aqy is`KW dI ikrpwn ’qy vI pwbμdI lw id`qI[ ies nwl is`K jzbwq BVk pey[ kuJ is`K ikrpwn dy doS ivc igR&qwr vI kIqy gey[ SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI iek sWJI mIitμg ny 26 Agsq 1935 dy idn mμg kIqI ik v`fI ikrpwn bwry srkwrI AYlwn vwps ilAw jwvy Aqy do ikrpwnW (CotIAW) dI pwbμdI vI Zlq hY[ SRomxI AkwlI dl vloN AYlwn kIqw igAw ik ikrpwn sbμDI pwbμdIAW is`K Drm ivc d^l hn qy ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI jwvygI[ Acwnk ausy idn hI ikrpwn vwly muk`dimAW ivc igR&qwr kIqy is`K ibnW zmwnqW qoN irhw kr id`qy gey Aqy muk`dmy mulqvI kr id`qy gey[ iPr 25 sqμbr 1935 ƒ pμjwb srkwr ny AYlwn kIqw ik pμjwb ivc ikrpwn dI KulH kr id`qI geI hY Aqy hr koeI ikrpwn r`K skdw hY[

30 nvμbr ƒ gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy ShIdI gurpurb dy sbμD ivc hzwrW is`KW ny AwlISwn jlUs kiFAw[ swry Sihr ivc &Oj iPr rhI sI[ iek do QWvW qy ie`tW pYx qoN isvw koeI hor Gtnw nw vwprI[ Agly hI idn 1 dsμbr 1935 ƒ BwtI drvwzy (lwhOr) dy Aμdr is`^W Aqy muslmwnW ivc &swd hoieAw ijs ny swry Sihr ƒ lpyt ivc lY ilAw[ bhuq swry is`K Aqy muslmwn z^mI hoey[ srkwr ny d&w 144 lgw id`qI[ ies dy nwl hI 2 dsμbr ƒ ikrpwn ’qy Pyr pwbμdI lw id`qI geI[

13 dsμbr ƒ is`K AwgUAW dw iek fYpUtySn gvrnr pμjwb ƒ imilAw[ ies ivc s:b: mihqwb isμG, fwktr krqwr isμG, au~jl isμG, sr bUtw isμG, syvw rwm isμG (irtwierf sYSn j`j) Aqy fwktr rxDIr isμG Awid Swiml sn[ ies fYpUtySn ny mμg kIqI ik:
(1) ikrpwn qoN pwbμdI cuk leI jwvy[
(2) pulIs ivc 75 &I sdI ispwhI muslmwn hn[ is`KW Aqy ihμdUAW dI BrqI kr ky 50 &I sdI kr id`qI jwvy, qW jo qnwsb TIk ho jwvy[
(3) ShId gμj bwry muslm pRYs dw pRwpygμfw roikAw jwvy[
(4) is`KW dy kql ip`Cy swizSW dI pVqwl kIqI jwvy[ gvrnr pμjwb ny ikrpwn qoN ibnW bwkI swrIAW mμgW mμnx dw XkIn idvwieAw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 15 dsMbr 1935)[
pr is`K ikrpwn dI pwbμdI ikvyN brdwSq kr skdy sn! 15 dsμbr ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl qy SRomlI kmytI dI sWJI mIitμg ny srkwr ƒ ikrpwn qoN pwbμdI cukx dw noits id`qw[ 30 dsμbr ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny ikrpwn vwsqy pihlI jnvrI qoN morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ShId gμj dy morcy bwry kmytI ivc srmuK isμG cmk, hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt Aqy gurmuK isμG muswi&r ley gey[ ikrpwn dy morcy vwsqy kmytI ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, ig: Syr isμG Aqy j: qyjw isμG r`Ky gey[ ies kmytI ny pihlI jnvrI qoN Akwl q^q swihb qoN jQy Byjx dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 1 jnvrI 1936)[

pihlI jnvrI 1936 ƒ pihlw jQw ikrpwn qy pwbμdI ivruD morcy vwsqy igAw[ ies dI AgvweI bUtw isμG AYm.AYl.sI. kr rhy sn[ (bUtw isμG pihloN golmyz kwn&rμs ivc pμQ dI mrzI dy i^lw& Swiml hoey sn qy aunHW dI bhuq mu^wl&q hoeI sI, pr 15 dsμbr 1935 ƒ aunHW ny muAw&I mμg ky pμQ qoN AwpxI Bu`l b^Sw leI sI)[ dUjw jQw mwstr qwrw isμG dI AgvweI hyT AμimRqsr qoN rvwnw hoieAw[ ieh morcw 31 jnvrI 1936 q`k cldw irhw qy aus idn q`k 1709 igR&qwrIAW ho cu`kIAW sn[ A^Ir d&w 144 htwey jwx Aqy ikrpwn qoN pwbμdI ^qm krn ’qy morcw ^qm ho igAw[

ShId gμj morcy nwl swrIAW is`K pwrtIAW iek`TIAW ho geIAW[ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dIAW coxW vI nwl hI Aw geIAW sn[ swrIAW is`K pwrtIAW ny iml ky bwbw ivswKw isμG Aqy bwbw sohn isμG Bknw ƒ swls mμn ilAw[ ienHW swlsW ny hI SRomxI kmytI leI aumIdvwrW dw AYlwn kIqw[ coxW dI ieh eykqw QoVHw ijhw smW hI rhI pr iPr vI SRomxI kmytI dIAW coxW ivc l`gx vwlI qwkq bc geI[ (SRomxI kmytI dIAW coxW dI q&sIl vyKo Agly cYptr ivc)[

ienHW idnW ivc hI 15 jUn 1936 ƒ AμimRqsr iGE mμfI ivc muslmwnW Aqy inhμg isμGW dI lVweI ho geI[ muslmwnW ny gurduAwry ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc gurduAwry dI cwnxI ƒ A`g lw id`qI geI[ gurduAwry dy rumwly, golk vZYrw corI kr leIAW geIAW[ AkwlIAW ny 18 jUn 1936 ƒ iek jlsw kIqw ijs ivc igR&qwr inhμgW ƒ irhw krn dI mμg kIqI geI (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 20 jUn 1936)[[ iPr 7 julweI ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny inhμgW dI igR&qwrIAW Aqy gurduAwry ivc ju`qIAW smyq pulIs dy dw^ly dI inμdw kIqI geI Aqy mμg kIqI ik byAdbI krn vwly doSIAW ƒ szw id`qI jwvy[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 9 julweI 1936)[

is`K AwgUAW dI Awps ivc kbwielI jMg
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dOrwn is`K AwgU iek s`cy dl Kwlsw vWg jUJdy rhy Aqy iek ‘srbq Kwlsw’ vWg &Ysly lYNdy rhy pr ^u&IAw eyjMsIAW dy eyjMt Aqy ihMdU AwgUAW ny aunHW dw ieh eykw kwiem nw rihx id`qw[

auN\ qW AkwlI lIfriSp ivc &u`t dw AwZwz 26 jnvrI 1926 dy idn hI ho igAw sI ijs idn s:b: mihqwb isμG, ig: Syr isμG Aqy aunHW dy 21 hor swQI gurduAwrw AYkt ’qy Aml krn dI Srq ’qy irhw kr idqy gey sn[ SrqW mMn ky Awey AwgUAW nUM il`d kr Awey gIdI, buzidl qy keI hor i^qwbW nwl invwijAw igAw[

aunHW ny jylH qoN bwhr Aw ky SRomxI kmytI dI cox kIqI[ cox ivc s:b: mihqwb isμG 77 votW lY ky Bwg isμG knyfIAn dIAW 44 votW dy mukwbly prDwn cuxy gey[ ies cox vwlI mIitμg ivcoN Amr isμG Jbwl, jsvμq isμG Jbwl Aqy mμgl isμG Awidk vwk AwaUt kr gey Aqy bwhr Aw ky SRomxI kmytI dy Aμdr iek ‘AkwlI pwrtI’ bxw leI[ (drAsl iehI, mgroN, Ajokw SRomxI AkwlI dl bixAw) ies dI pihlI mIitμg iek &rvrI 1926 ƒ hoeI ijs ivc Bwg isμG knyfIAn pRDwn Aqy jsvμq isμG Jbwl jnrl sk`qr cuxy gey[ hux AkwlI pwrtI ny jylH Aμdrly AwgUAW dI irhweI vwsqy koiSSW SurU kr id`qIAW Aqy srdwr bhwdr pwrtI ivruD pRcwr SurU kr id`qw ik auh SrqW mμn ky jylH ’coN bwhr Awey hn[ s:b: pwrtI ny ienHW dy pRcwr qoN Gbrw ky pμQk eykqw dI skIm bxweI Aqy mwrc ivc SRomxI kmytI dI vrikμg kmytI ny nvIAW coxW krvwaux dw &Yslw vI kIqw[ ies sbμD ivc iek cox sb-kmytI vI bxweI geI[ ies cox sb-kmytI ivc mμgl isμG ƒ vI Swiml kr ilAw igAw[ mμgl isμG ny sb-kmytI vloN 11 ApRYl 1926 ƒ coxW krvwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ pr mihqwb isμG vloN ies AYlwn ƒ kYNsl kr id`qw igAw ijs nwl mμgl isμG ny AsqI&w dy id`qw[ Apxw nW bcwaux leI mihqwb isμG ny SRomxI kmytI dI pRDwngI qoN AsqI&w dy ky krqwr isμG dIvwnw ƒ pRDwn bxw id`qw[ 28 mwrc ƒ SRomxI kmytI dw Awm iejlws hoieAw[ ies ivc dohW iDrW dy 196 mYNbr Swiml hoey[ ies ivc mihqwb isμG ƒ pRDwn bxweI r`Kx Aqy coxW mulqvI krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ pr mihqwb isμG dI ivgVI swK iPr nw bx skI ikauN ik auh pyNfU ielwky ivc bhuq bdnwm ho cuikAw sI[

srbq Kwlsw kwn&rμs
21 ApRYl 1926 ƒ SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI mIitμg hoeI[ ies mIitμg ny 21-22 meI ƒ srbq Kwlsw kwn&rμs bulw ky pμQ dI vrqmwn hwlq qy ivcwr krn dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ AkwlI dl vloN ies dw pRbμD bwbw gurid`q isμG (kwmwgwtw mwrU jhwz vwly) ny Apxy isr ilAw pr ieh kwn&rμs A^Ir mulqvI kr id`qI geI[ ies vyly SRomxI AkwlI dl dy pRDwn Amr isμG Jbwl sn[ auhnHW dI ies mulqvI krn dI gl dw kw&I ivroD hoieAw ijs qy aunHW AsqI&w dy id`qw Aqy bwbw gurid`q isμG ƒ pRDwn Aqy fwktr Twkr isμG iekloqw ƒ jnrl sk`qr cux ilAw igAw[ hux AkwlI dl ny &Yslw kIqw ik jy 27 meI 1926 qk dovyN iDrW koeI PYslw nw kr skx qW 10-11 jUn ƒ srbq Kwlsw kwn&rμs bulw leI jwvy Aqy jy kr SRomxI kmytI 29-30 meI qk coxW AkwlI jiQAW rwhIN nw krvwey qW auh coxW nwjwiez krwr id`qIAW jwx[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 24 ApRYl 1926)[
A^Ir AYlwnI hoeI ieh srbq Kwlsw kwn&rμs 21 meI dI jgh 11 jUn nUM hoeI[ ies ivc gVg`j AkwlI dIvwn Aqy sYNtrl mwJw dIvwn dw kbzw ho igAw Aqy ies ivc (1) gu: AYkt r`d kro (2) SRomxI kmytI qoN kbzw lYx leI 21 mYNbrI kmytI bxwE[ (3) kYdI irhw kro (4) mhwrwjw nwBw bhwl kro dy mqy, 291 dy mukwbly 703 dI BwrI AksrIAq nwl pws ho gey[ ieh swry mqy AkwlI dl dI pwilsI dy ivruD sn[ so ieh kwn&rμs AkwlI dl vwsqy GwtyvμdI swbq hoeI[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 13 jUn 1926)[

AkwlI DiVAW ivc smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS
ies srbq Kwlsw kwn&rμs qoN pihlW dohW AkwlI DiVAW ivc smJOqw krvwaux dI iek hor koiSS vI hoeI sI[ 16 meI 1926 ƒ kuJ inrp`K is`K AwgUAW qy ivdvwnW, ijnHW ivc ipRμ: qyjw isμG, nrYx isμG vkIl, joigμdr isμG, ABY isμG, pRqwp isμG, ipRμ: gμgw isμG qy gurmu`K isμG muswiPr vI sn, dw iek swlsI borf bixAw[ ies swlsI borf ny 6 jUn 1926 ƒ Awpxw PYslw id`qw, jo 7 jUn nUM Akwl q^q swihb qoN suxwieAw igAw[ PYsly Anuswr borf ny dohW iDrW dI inμdw kIqI qy ikhw ik AkwlI pwrtI qy mihqwb isμG pwrtI ƒ iek dUjy qoN muAw&I mμgxI cwhIdI hY qy AgoN iml ky kμm krnw cwhIdw hY[ pr, prnwlw au~Qy dw au~Qy irhw[

18 jUn 1926 ƒ gurduAwrw AYkt Anuswr ‘sYNtrl borf’ dIAW coxW hoeIAW[ mihqwb isμG kwƒn dw mwihr sI[ aus ny mwstr qwrw isμG, Amr isμG vwsU Aqy kuJ horW dy nwmzdgI kwgz r`d krvw id`qy qy kpqwn rwm isμG ƒ ibTw id`qw, ijs nwl auh Awp Aqy ig: Syr isμG ibnW mukwblw cuxy gey[ iesy qrHW Bgq jsvμq isμG, guridq isμG qy bKSIS isμG Bu`mdI dy ivroDIAW dy kwZz vI r`d krvw id`qy[ SRomxI kmytI dy mulwzm, pYsw, srkwrI Asr-rsUK vrqx Aqy AkwlI pwrtI dy AwgU jylH ivc hox dy bwvjUd coxW ivc s:b: mihqwb isMG DVw coxW nw ijq sikAw[ AkwlI pwrtI ƒ BwrI ijq hwisl hoeI[ AkwlI pwrtI dy 85, SRomxI kmytI (mihqwb isμG DVw) dy 26 (sxy ibnw mukwblw), hylI suDwr kmytI dy 5 qy Azwd 4 cuxy gey[ ies qrHW 120 ’coN 85 AkwlI ij`qx kwrn SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI aupr SRomxI AkwlI dl dw kbzw ho igAw[ (bbr Syr, 19 julweI 1926, s&y 1-2 ’qy pUry 120 nW Cpy hn, hor vyKo: SmSyr isMG ASok, SRomxI kmytI dw pMjwh swlw ieiqhws)[

(18 jUn 1926 ƒ SRomxI kmytI dw kbzw s:b: mihqwb isMG pwrtI qoN lYx vyly puils Aqy &Oj s`dxI peI[ ies ij`q nwl dohW iDrW ivc Pyr iek v`fI qryV Aw geI ijhVI shI mwAinAW ivc kdy vI BrI nw jw skI[ BwvyN 1930 qy iPr 1936 ’c bwbw sohn isμG Bknw qy bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr ny smJOqw krvwieAw pr ieh Pu`t 23 meI 1938 ƒ s:b: mihqwb isμG dI mOq Aqy 7 AkqUbr 1944 ƒ ig: Syr isμG dI mOq nwl vI pUrI qrHW ^qm nw hoeI)[

sYNtrl borf dIAW coxW qoN iek mhIny mgroN 17 julweI 1926 ƒ qyjw isμG smuμdrI lwhOr ikly ivc clwxw kr gey Aqy jylH ivc mwstr qwrw isμG AkwlI grup dy nyqw cuxy gey[ sYNtrl borf dI pihlI mIitμg 4 sqμbr 1926 ƒ twaUn hwl AμimRqsr ivc hoeI[ fI.sI. dI hwzrI ivc sYNtrl borf dy AhudydwrW dI pihlI cox hoeI[ pRDwngI vwsqy AkwlI pwrtI dI mdd nwl ij`qy joigμdr isμG vkIl rweypur, mihqwb isμG pwrtI dy aumIdvwr sn qy AkwlI dl vloN mμgl isμG[ mμgl isμG 53 dy mukwbly 82 votW nwl cuxy gey[ iesy mIitμg ivc 14 mYNbr nwmzd hoey ijs ivcoN 9 AkwlI pwrtI Aqy 5 srdwr bhwdr pwrtI dy sn[ sYNtrl borf dI bwkwiedw mIitμg 2 AkqUbr 1926 ƒ hoeI[ ies qoN kuJ idn pihlW, 27 sqμbr ƒ, lwhOr iklHy dy bwkI AkwlI lIfr vI C`f id`qy gey sn[ 2 AkqUbr dI mIitμg ivc hzwrw isμG jwmwrwey (nwmzd) mYNbr ny mwstr qwrw isμG vwsqy sIt KwlI kr id`qI[ nvIN cox kr ky KVk isμG pRDwn qy mwstr qwrw isμG mIq pRDwn cuxy gey[ pihlI AYZzYkitv ivc 7 mYNbr (1) mμgl isμG (2) Bwg isμG vkIl (3) jsvμq isμG dwnyvwlIAw (4) mwn isμG srgoDw (5) kuμdn isμG {mwstr qwrw isμG qy bwbw KVk isμG DVw} Aqy (6) ig: Syr isμG (7) mihμdr isμG is`DvW {dovyN mihqwb isμG pwrtI} cuxy gey[

ies mIitμg ny (iesy idn 2 AkqUbr 1926 ƒ) sYNtrl borf dw nW bdl ky SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI r`Kx dw mqw pws kIqw[ ies qoN ibnW kYdI irhw krn, SrqW mμn ky bwhr nw Awaux vwilAW dI is&q Aqy kwrvweI pμjwbI ivc krn dy mqy vI pws kIqy[ srkwr ny 17 jnvrI 1927 ƒ ieh nW ‘SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI’ vI mnzUr kr ilAw[ ies qrHW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI mOjUdw Skl ivc kwiem hoeI[

SRomxI kmytI bxn nwl gurduAwrw suDwr lihr Kqm ho geI pr ies nwl hI AkwlI dl ivc BwrI Pu`t vI pY geI[ dUjw nqIjw ieh inkilAw ik SRomxI kmytI “irAwsq Aμdr irAwsq” (iek nIm-srkwr vWg) bx geI ijs ny bwAd ivc AkwlI dl, is`KW, pμjwb Aqy AzwdI lihr ƒ bVw Asr-AMdwz kIqw[ ies dw SRo: AkwlI dl ƒ ieh &wiedw hoieAw ik jdojihd krn Aqy jQybμdI ƒ kwiem r`Kx vwsqy iek Swndwr styj iml geI[ shI mwAinAW ivc SRomxI kmytI hI hY ijs ny vDyrI qwkq AkwlI dl ƒ id`qI hY[ ijs S^sIAq jW grup dw ies ’qy kbzw irhw hY aus ny hI isAwsq ivc qwkq hwisl kIqI hY[

is`KW lIfriSp dI &u`t brkrwr
sYNtrl borf (SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI) dIAW coxW ivc bwbw KVk isμG-mwstr qwrw isμG DVy vloN 70 &I sdI sItW ijq lYx nwl is`KW dw &qvw ies DVy dy h`k ivc mμinAw igAw sI[ ies nwl ig: Syr isμG qy s:b: mihqwb isμG DVw kw&I pCV igAw[ pr do DVy iPr vI kwiem rhy[

sgoN ies mgroN 1927-28 ivc nihrU irport dy nW ’qy mμgl isμG igl qy hIrw isμG drd AkwlI dl qoN tu`t gey[ srdUl isμG kvISr, Jbwl Brw (Amr isμG, jsvμq isμG, srmuK isμG), bwbw guridq isμG S^sIAqW t`kr ivc jW Awpo-AwpxI i&qrq kr ky AkwlI dl qoN dUr qy kWgrs dy Kymy ivc cly gey sn[ ieμ\ hI bwbw KVk isμG kuJ Awpxy suBwA kr ky qy kuJ kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc is`KW dy rμg dI vjh kr ky kWgrs nwl imlvrqx dy nukqy ’qy Aqy fskw gurduAwry dy morcy dI vjh kr ky mwstr qwrw isμG nwl Axbx hox kr ky r`usy hoey sn[ hOlI-hOlI bwbw KVk isμG vI ipCokV ivc cly gey qy auh AwpxI swK is`K Avwm ivc vI guAw bYTy[ 12 AkqUbr 1930 dy idn jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dI cox hoeI qW aus vyly mwstr qwrw isμG, pTwxW dI hmdrdI ivc jQw iljWdy igR&qwr hox kr ky gujrwq jylH ivc sn[ aunHW ƒ jylH ivc bYiTAW ƒ hI bwbw KVk isμG dI QW ’qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dw pRDwn cuixAw jw cukw sI[ ie`Qy ieh g`l kwbly-izkr hY ik jylHoN bwhr bYTy AkwlI AwgUAW nUM ies cox vwsqy kWgrsIAW ny vI aucycw zor pwieAw sI ikauN ik KVk isMG aunHW dI bVI ivroDqw krdw sI[ (durlB isMG, d vylIAMt &weItr, s&w 115)[

bwbw KVk isμG dw mslw
bwbw KVk isμG bVI AVIAl qbIAq dy mwilk sn[ 1929 ivc aunHW ny kWgrs dy i^lw& jhwd KVw krI riKAw sI[ pihloN i&rkU nuμmwieμdgI Aqy svrwj dI QW nOAbwdIAq mμnx dy nW ’qy aunHW ny kWgrs ƒ koisAw sI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg nw pwaux kr ky kWgrs dI mu^wl&q jwrI rKI[ ieh TIk hY ik gWDI qy hor kWgrsIAW ny mμinAw sI ik jdoN kwgrs dw Jμfw bxygw qW ies ivc is`KW rμg vI Swiml kIqw jwvygw[ dsμbr 1929 ivc moqI lwl nihrU qy gWDI bwbw KVk isμG nwl ies sbμDI Pyr vwAdw kr ky gey sn[ bwbw KVk isμG ies svwl qy AYny A`gy inkl gey ik iek vwr 3 Agsq 1930 dy idn SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy sYNtrl is`K lIg dI lwhOr ivc hoeI sWJI mIitμg ivc jdoN AglIAW Awm coxW ivc kWgrs nwl rl ky coxW lVn jW nw lVn dw mslw swhmxy AwieAw qW bwbw KVk isμG ny bVw s^q kdm cuikAw[ auh audoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dy pRDwn sn[ auh aus idn kw&I bImwr sn[ aunHW ƒ iek strycr qy pw ky ilAWdw igAw[ aunHW ny mIitμg ivc DmkI idqI ik jy AkwlI dl ny kWgrs dy Jμfy hyT lVn qoN ienkwr nw kIqw qW mYN AsqI&w dy idAWgw[ aunHW dI mμg sI ik kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc is`KW dw rμg Ajy qk nhIN pwieAw igAw[ kWgrs ny 1921 ivc ieh mnzUr kIqw sI ik kWgrs dy JMfy ivc is`KW dw rMg vI Swiml kIqw jwvygw[ pihlW JMfy ivc iqMn rMg mMny gey sn: ic`tw (ihMdUAW dw), hrw (musmwnW dw) qy lwl (bwkI kOmW dw)[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 24 dsMbr 1921, AYfItorIAl)[

kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc is`K rμg dw mslw qy KVk isMG
nvμbr 1930 ivc SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI mIitμg ivc bwbw KVk isμG ny mqw riKAw ik jy is`KW dw rμg Jμfy ivc nw pwieAw igAw qW is`K
kWgrs dw swQ dyx qoN nWh kr dyx[ bwbw KVk isμG dw mqw 7 dy mukwbly 9 votW nwl rih igAw[ ies nwl qyjw isμG AkrpurI, virAwm isμG Aqy Bwg isμG vkIl ny AkwlI dl qoN AsqI&w dy idqw[

Jμfy ivc is`KW dy rμg dy svwl ’qy eynw rOlw ipAw ik 25-26 mwrc 1931 dy idn krwcI kWgrs ivc Jμfy dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy iek cwr-mYNbrI kmytI bxwauxI peI ijs ivc mwstr qwrw isμG vI mYNbr sI[ ies kmytI vloN s&Yd (ihMdU) qy hyTW hry (musilm) rμg vwly Jμfy ’c sB qoN au~pr kysrI (is`K nuμmwieμdgI vjoN) rμg pw ky iqrμgw bxw ilAw igAw[ (ies kmytI ny DrmW dI lVweI ^qm krn vwsqy, mgroN ieh ibAwn idqw ik ieh rμg DrmW dI bjwie kurbwnI, Amn qy ^uShwlI dI numwieμdgI krdy mMny jwxgy)[ (itRibaUn, 2 nvMbr 1930)[

jdoN kWgrs dy Jμfy ivc kysrI rμg Swiml kr idqw igAw qW bwbw KVk isμG dI Pyr vI qs`lI nw hoeI[ aunHW kysrI rμg qy vI ieqrwz kr idqw[ aunHW AwiKAw ik is`KW dw rμg pIlw hY[ iek vwr aunHW kwlw rμg Swiml krn dI mμg vI kIqI[ (auN\ gurU swihb vyly is`KW dy inSwn swihb dw rμg nIlw sI Aqy rxjIq isμG kwl ivc, fogirAW dy Asr hyT, ieh rμg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw sI)[ ^Yr, bwbw KVk isμG ny keI swl qk kWgrs dy Jμfy dy rμgW dw ryVkw pweI r`iKAw[

bwbw KVk isMG dw fskw morcw (1931)
fskw ksby ivc BweI virAwm isμG dw gurduAwrw hY[ au~QoN dy ieMqzwm sbMDI kuJ icr qoN ihμdUAW Aqy is`KW ivc JgVw cldw AwauNdw sI[ gurduAwry dw ieμqzwm is`KW kol sI qy dukwnW ihμdUAW kol sn[ is`KW ny ihμdUAW qoN dukwnW dw kbzw lYx dI koiSS kIqI pr auh AdwlqI qrIky nwl kwmXwb nw ho sky[ ies ’qy bwbw KVk isμG ny morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw[ mwstr qwrw isμG cwhuμdy sn ik pihlW Adwlq ivc ApIl kIqI jwvy qy Pyr morcw lwieAw jw skdw hY[ pr bwbw KVk isμG, hmySw vWg, AwpxI izd ’qy AV gey[ auh 17 Agsq 1931 dy idn 25 is`KW dw jQw lY ky jylH cly gey[ ies qoN mgroN koeI hor jQw nw igAw[ bwbw KVk isμG dy ipCoN iks vloN vI igR&qwrI nw dyxw bwbw KVk isμG hI nhIN blik AkwlI dl dI vI byiezqI sI[

ieh vyK ky mwstr qwrw isμG ny SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI mIitμg 27 Agsq 1931 ƒ buulw leI[ aunHW mYNbrW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik bwbw KVk isμG dI ie`zq r`Kx vwsqy morcw lwieAw jwvy[ ienHW idnW ivc AkwlI dl dy &Ysly muqwibk 13 sqμbr ƒ morcw lwieAw igAw[ mwstr qwrw isμG pihlw jQw lY ky igR&qwr ho igAw[ ies qoN bwAd bwkwiedw jQy jwx lg pey[ bwbw KVk isμG iek mhIny mgroN irhw ho gey qy auh dobwrw jQw lY ky jylH cly gey[ ienHW idnW ivc mwstr qwrw isμG qy bwbw KVk isμG gujrwq jylH ivc iekTy ho gey[ dovyN hux roz imldy rhy Aqy dohW ny iek dUjy bwry Zlq-&ihmIAW dUr kIqIAW[ dohW ny &Yslw kIqw ik swfy ihmwieqI jW mu^wil& iek-dUjy dy i^lw& jo mrzI pey AwKx, jdoN qk AwpW dovyN iek dUjy lwl is`DI glbwq nwl kr leIey iksy dI g`l qy ieqbwr nhIN krWgy[

mwstr qwrw isμG irhw ho ky pihloN bwhr Aw igAw[ aus vyly fskw gurduAwry dI jwiedwd bwry swlsI &Ysly muqwibk pihlW iqμn swl iqμn is`K qy do ihμdU ieμqzwm clwauxgy qy Agly iqμn swl iqμn ihμdU qy do is`K[ ieμ\ hr iqμn swl bwAd ieh kmytI bdldI irhw krygI[ ies &Ysly ƒ swirAW ny hI kbUl kr ilAw[ auDr bwbw KVk isμG ny irhw huμidAW hI, dUijAW dI cu`k ivc Aw ky mwstr qwrw isMG ’qy qwbV-qoV hmly krny SurU kr idqy[ bwbw KVk isμG ny kdy vI mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ iml ky koeI glbwq nw kIqI qy ieμ\ dohW ivc Pyr zbrdsq qryV Aw geI jo muV ky kdy vI nw BrI jw skI[

Kwlsw drbwr ivc vI Pu`t
1932 dy i&rkU &Ysly ƒ ^qm krvwaux vwsqy 29 julweI ƒ bxI ‘kONsl Aw& AYkSn v`loN swrIAW is`K jQybμdIAW Aqy is`K S^sIAqW dI iek numwieμdw jQybμdI ‘gurU Kwlsw drbwr’ bxwaux bwry &Yslw 20 Agsq 1932 dy idn hoieAw sI[ pr ieh jQybμdI 25 sqμbr 1932 qoN bwAd hI AYkSn ivc AwauxI SurU hoeI[ 25 sqμbr dI mIitμg ny ies dw nW ‘Kwlsw drbwr’ r`Kx dI mnzUrI idqI[ kuJ hI h&iqAW ivc ieh jQybμdI kwiem ho geI[ ies ivc BwvyN hr jQybμdI dI numwieμdgI sI pr ikauNik AksrIAq SRomxI AkwlI dl dI sI ies kr ky ies ivc bolbwlw mwstr qwrw isμG dw hI sI [

auN\ vI Kwlsw drbwr dI kwrvweI koeI moAjzw nhIN sI kr skI[ ies ƒ i&rkU &Yslw qoVn vwsqy bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies ny iek l`K is`KW dI AkwlI ShIdI &Oj bxwauxI sI[ ies &Oj dI BrqI &Ysly dy idn qoN iek swl mgroN qk vI SurU nw kIqI jw skI[ Kwlsw drbwr ny vI ibAwnbwzI, mIitμgW Aqy iek-do jlisAW qoN isvw hor kuJ vI nw kIqw[

auDr Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs vloN 24 julweI 1932 ƒ bxI kONsl Aw& AYkSn Aqy 25 sqμbr 1932 ƒ bixAw Kwlsw drbwr kuJ hI mhIinAW ivc tukVy-tukVy hox lg ipAw[ ig: Syr isμG qy mwstr qwrw isμG ivc CyqI hI KVk peI[ dohW ivc AwpsI tkrwA eynw vD igAw ik AkwlI ShIdI &Oj dI BrqI hI SurU nw ho skI[

21 sqμbr 1933 dy idn Kwlsw drbwr dI iek mIitμg ivc igAwnI Syr isμG ny mwstr qwrw isμG ’qy ielzwm lwieAw ik auh Kwlsw drbwr ƒ pwrtI lIhW qy clw rhy hl[ auh ies ƒ AwpxI mu`TI ivc rKxw cwhuμdy hn[ ieho ijhw ibAwn dy ky ig: Syr isμG, hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI qy Amr isμG Syry-pμjwb ies mIitμg ’coN vwk AwaUt kr ky Kwlsw drbwr ƒ hmySw vwsqy &qih bulw gey[ bwbw KVk isμG pihlW hI musq&I ho cu`ky sn[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 23 sqMbr 1933)[

ieμ\ iek pwsy qW Kwlsw drbwr dI ‘mOq’ ho geI, dUjw is`K jQybμdIAW ivc eykw ^qm ho igAw Aqy qIjw i&rkU &Ysly dy i^lw& is`K jdojihd iF`lI huμdI-huμdI ^qm ho geI[ is`KW dI AYjItySn qoN fridAW ijhVI ibRtS srkwr ies &YslY ƒ vwps lYx bwry socx lg peI sI, aus ƒ hux ieh mslw Awpxy Awp ^qm huμdw nzr Aw irhw sI[

S^sIAqW dI t`kr, ^uddwrI, haumY, izd Aqy bysmJI ny is`KW ƒ ies msly qy burI qrHW nwkwmXwbI b^SI[…SRomxI AkwlI dl ny ieh hrkq A`goN vI vwr-vwr dohrweI[
nvyN AkwlI dlW dI kwiemI

Kwlsw drbwr ’qy pihlw vwr isr& pμj mhIny mgroN hI, 14 &rvrI 1933 dy idn, SRomxI AkwlI dl dy mukwbly ivc iek nvIN jQybμdI ‘Awzwd AkwlI dl’ bxw ky kIqw igAw[ ies dw pRDwn jsvμq isμG Jbwl qy jnrl sk`qr rxjIq isμG qriskw bixAw[ jdoN 21 sqμbr dy idn ig: Syr isμG Aqy aunHW dy swQIAW ny Kwlsw drbwr ƒ Alivdw AwKI qW jsvμq isμG Jbwl ies DVy nwl rl igAw Aqy ienHW ny iek hor nvIN jQybμdI ‘sYNtrl AkwlI dl’ bxw leI[ ies dw pRDwn bwbw KVk isμG, mIq pRDwn jsvμq isμG Jbwl qy Amr isμG Syry pμjwb qy jnrl skqr rxjoD isμG qriskw bxwey gey[

ig: Syr isμG pwrtI ny Awpxy swQIAW dI iek mIitμg 27 sqμbr 1933 dy idn rxjIq isμG dI smwD ’qy bulweI hoeI sI[ ies vyly SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG dy swQIAW dw kbzw sI[ kmytI ny ieh bhwnw lw ky ig: Syr isμG ƒ ieh mIitμg krn dI iejwzq nw idqI ik aunHW ny SRomxI kmytI qoN ‘AgwaUN iejwzq’ nhIN leI sI[ ies kr ky ies gru`p ƒ AwpxI mIitμg brYflw hwl lwhOr ivc krnI peI[ ies mIitμg ivc ig: Syr isμG, krqwr isμG J`br, hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI, Amr isμG Syry pμjwb sxy 200 is`K Swiml hoey[ ies mIitμg ivc ienHW ny Kwlsw drbwr dy mukwbly ivc ‘Kwlsw AsYNblI’ bxwaux dw mqw kIqw[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 29 sqMbr 1933)[ ies nwl Kwlsw drbwr hux AmlI qOr ’qy smu`cy pμQ dI sWJI jQybμdI nw irhw[

iek DVy ny KVk isMG nUM pμQ dw ‘ifktytr’ bxwieAw
jnvrI 1934 ivc hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI qy krqwr isμG J`br ny AYlwn kIqw ik aunHW ny bwbw KVk isμG ƒ ‘ifktytr’ bxw idqw hY[ pihlW qW iksy is`K ny iek DVy dy ies in`ky-ijhy ibAwn ƒ gOilAw qk nw pr jdoN aunHW ny 10 &rvrI 1934 ƒ Pyr ieh ibAwn dohrwieAw ik aunHW bwbw KVk isμG ƒ pμQ dw ifktytr bxw idqw hY qW mwstr qwrw isμG ny l&z ifktytr vrqx dI muzμmq kIqI qy AwiKAw ik iksy Gt-igxqI DVy dw AwgU swrI kOm dw ifkttyr nhIN ho skdw[ hor is`K AwgUAW ny vI ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI[

sYNtrl AkwlI dl Aqy Kwlsw AsYNblI ivc bwbw KVk isμG dw bolbwlw sI pr dUjy pwsy ig: Syr isμG Aqy hor AwgU vI Awpxw dbkw kwiem rKxw cwhuμdy sI[

nqIjy vjoN bwbw KVk isμG dI ienHW nwl vI KVkx lg peI[ pihlI dsμbr 1934 ƒ KVk isμG ny ienHW nwloN vI nwqw qoV ilAw[

smJOqw krvwaux vwsqy ‘gursyvk sBw’
Kwlsw drbwr qy Kwlsw AsYNblI, SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy sYNtrl AkwlI dl, mwstr qwrw isμG iek pwsy qy bwbw KVk isμG, ig: Syr isμG qy Amr isμG Syry pμjwb dUjy pwsy Aqy ieμ\ hI cI& Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy AkwlI soc dy AwgUAW ivc &rk eyny vD gey ik ieh t`kr jQybμdIAW jW AsUlW dI nw rih ky S^sIAqW dI t`kr bx geI[ is`K AwgUAW ivc swVw, n&rq qy mu^wl&q ies drjy qk puj geI ik ies ny SwiesqgI dIAW swrIAW h`dW pwr kr leIAW[ Aijhw jwpdw sI ik ijvyN is`K AwgUAW ny pμQ dy msilAW ƒ Bu`l ky iek dUjy ƒ nIvW idKwaux vwsqy morcw lw idqw hovy[

pμQk AwgUAW dI hwlq ƒ is`K ivdvwnW ny bVI iS`dq nwl mihsUs kIqw[ nvμbr dy A^Ir ivc Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dy kuJ pRo&YsrW ny ivcwr kIqw ik is`K AwgUAW ƒ iek dUjy ’qy ic`kV sutx Aqy byvjh mu^wl&q krn qoN roikAw jwvy[ CyqI hI ienHW pRo&YsrW ny kuJ hor pμQ drdIAW ƒ vI Awpxy nwl joV ilAw[ dsμbr dy SurU ivc bwvw hrikSn isμG, pRo. inrμjn isμG, ipRμsIpl kSmIrw isμG, pRo. qyjw isμG, pRo. nrYx isμG, pRo. rijμdr isμG, Bwg isμG vkIl, ibSn isμG AYm.AYl.sI., hrI isμG jlμDrI, b^SIS isμG Bum`dI, guridq isμG reIs bihlolpur, cμnx isμG jyTUvwlw, Amr isμG Kwlsw, gopwl isμG swgrI, swihb isμG smuμdrI, m`Gr isμG c`k 232 qy keI hor Awps ivc iml-bYT cuky sn[ ienHW swrIAW ny ‘pμQ dI pbilk izμdgI ƒ is`KI AsUlW dy pUrinAW dy muqwibk bxwaux’ dw inSwnw im`Q ky ‘gursyvk sBw’ nW dI jQybμdI dI nINh rKI[

29 dsμbr 1933 dy idn ies gursyvk sBw dw iek v`fw iek`T hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc sYNkVy pRo&Ysr, vkIl qy isAwsq qoN inrlyp srgrm is`K pu`jy[ ies bYTk ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik iek fYpUtySn AkwlI dl Aqy ig: Syr isμG bwbw KVk isμG DiVAW (ijs ƒ ‘Kwlsw pwrtI’ AwiKAw jwx lg ipAw sI) ƒ imly Aqy dohW ƒ ApIl kry ik iek dUjy ’qy JUTy doS lwaux Aqy gwlHW k`Fx dw islislw bμd kIqw jwvy[ (AkwlI qy pRdysI, 31 dsMbr 1933)[ gursyvk sBw dy fYpUtySn dI ApIl ’qy dovyN DVy iek vwr qW rsqy ’qy Aw gey pr CyqI hI Pyr purwxIAW hrkqW SurU kr idqIAW[

ies qoN kuJ icr mgroN dohW DiVAW ivc eykqw dIAW g`lW vI clx lg peIAW[ igAwnI Syr isμG ny ivcoilAW ƒ ikhw ik jy mwstr qwrw isμG AwpxIAW jQybμdIAW qoV dyx qW smJOqw ho skdw hY[ mwstr qwrw isμG aus vyly brmw ivc sI[ aus ny au~QoN jvwb ByijAw ik mYˆ SRomxI AkwlI dl qW qoV skdw hW pr Kwlsw drbwr ƒ swlsW dy hvwly nhIN kr skdw[ auDr ig: Syr isμG vI smJOqw krn vwsqy pUrI qrHW rwzI nw hoieAw[

bwbw jvwlw isMG qy bwbw ivswKw isMG ddyhr swls bxy
BwvyN iek vwr qW cup vrq geI pr iPr vI kuJ pμQ drdI smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS krdy rhy[ ienHW swrIAW koiSSW dy nqIjy vjoN 10 ApRYl 1935 dy idn mwstr qwrw isμG Aqy ig: Syr isμG, dovyN, smJOqy vwsqy mμn gey[ drAsl aunHW idnW ivc Aw-rhIAW gurduAwrw coxW ivc dohW DiVAW vloN BμfI-prcwr vDyry hox dw ^qrw BWpidAW kuJ pμQ drdIAW vloN ienHW DiVAW ivc eykqw krwaux dIAW koiSSW qyz hox lg peIAW sn[ BwvyN swry jwxdy sn ik gurduAwrw coxW ivc mwstr qwrw isμG DVy dI JμfI hI rihxI hY ikauNik ies qoN pihlW (mwrc 1930) ivc hoeIAW gurduAwrw coxW ivc 120 sItW ivcoN 100 mwstr qwrw isμG DVy ny, 15 ig: Syr isμG DVy ny qy 5 Awzwd aumIdvwrW ny ijqIAW sn[ ies dy bwvjUd sμjIdw is`K AwgU cwhuμdy sn ik AwpsI tkrwA nw hovy Aqy jy kr coxW hox vI qW gurmiq dy qrIky nwl lVIAW jwx[ dohW DiVAW ny ZdrI AwgU bwbw jvwlw isμG ƒ swls mμn ilAw[ aunHW ny ieh vI mμinAw ik bwbw jvwlw isμG SRomxI kmytI, SRomxI AkwlI dl, Kwlsw drbwr, is`K nYSnl kwn&rμs, d&w 85 dIAW gurduAwrw kmytIAW, izlHw AkwlI dlW jW AkwlI jiQAW dy ijs mYNbr ƒ vI irtwier hox vwsqy AwKxgy, auh AsqI&w dy dyvygw[ jy bwbw jvwlw isμG ienHW jQybμdIAW ivcoN iksy iek ƒ ^qm krnw jW bdlxw cwhux, kr skdy hn[ ies &Ysly au~qy mwstr qwrw isμG, ig: Syr isμG, eISr isMG mJYl, hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI qy gopwl isμG kOmI dy dsq^q sn[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 12 ApRYl 1935)[

SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy sYNtrl AkwlI dl dIAW vrikμg kmytIAW ny 18 ApRYl 1935 dy idn ies &Ysly dI qweId kr idqI[ pr, sYNtrl AkwlI dl ny ies dy nwl hI iqμn (nvINAW) SrqW vI rK id`qIAW: (1) swls pμj hox[ bwbw jI qoN ibnW dohW iDrW dy do-do mYNbr hox[ (2) sYNtrl AkwlI dl dw vjUd kwiem riKAw jwvygw[ (3) ieh pμjy swls Akwl q^q swihb ’qy ksm Kwx ik AsIN is`K h`kW rwKI krWgy, i&rkU &Ysly ƒ AsIN Zlq smJdy hW Aqy ies ƒ ^qm krwauxw cwhuμdy hW[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 20 ApRYl 1935, itRibaUn, 19 ApRYl 1935)[

ieμ\ ienHW SrqW ny v`fy dohW DiVAW ivc eykqw dy Awswr ^qm kr idqy[ sYNtrl AkwlI dl dy AwgU smJOqy au~qy dsq^q kr ky vI mukr gey[ mu`dq bwAd pμQ ivc iksy iek S^sIAq ƒ pμQ dI sWJI mnzUrI imlI sI pr ies DVy dI lIfriSp dI izd ny kOm dIAW AwsW qy pwxI Pyr idqw[ eISr isμG mJYl ny ies bwry iek ibAwn ivc ikhw ik swƒ pμj swlsW dI Srq vI mnzUr hY bSrqy ik hor cwr mYNbr nwmzd krn dw h`k vI bwbw jvwlw isμG ƒ dy idqw jwvy pr sYˆtrl AkwlI dl ieh gwrμtI dyvy ik ies dy AwgU muV ky mukrngy nhIN[ eISr isμG mJYl dI ies g`l ƒ vI ig: Syr isμG ny mnzUr nw kIqw[

meI 1935 ivc ig: Syr isμG ny smJOqy vwsqy iek nvIN Srq rKI ik 1926 qoN bwAd ijhVy s`jx vI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI, SRomxI AkwlI dl, Kwlsw drbwr, sYNtrl is`K lIg, sYNtrl AkwlI dl, is`K nYSnl kwn&rμs jW ienHW nwl sbμDq iksy jQybμdI dy mYNbr rhy sn jW iksy cox ivc KVy hoey sn, swry hI, AsqI&w dy dyx Aqy pμj swl vwsqy coxW nw lVn dw AYlwn krn[ pr, ieh Srq eyfI AjIb sI ik ies nwl iek vI is`K AwgU Aijhw nhIN sI rihμdw jo kOm dI AgvweI krygw[ ieh g`l eynI bymwAnw sI ik iksy ny vI ies ’qy ivcwr krn dI koiSS hI nhIN kIqI[

pihlI jUn ƒ iek bIbI AμimRq kOr ny pμQk eykqw vwsqy mrn vrq r`Kx dw AYlwn kIqw pr kuJ AwgUAW dy AwKx ’qy ies ny ieh vrq iek mhIny vwsqy ies Srq ’qy mulqvI kr idqw ik ies dOrwn pμQ ivc eykqw ho jwvygI[

jUn ivc ig: Syr isμG ny iek ibAwn ivc AwiKAw ik dovyN iDrW pμj-pμj nW dyx[ pμfq mdn mohn mwlvIAw ienHW ivcoN do-do nW cux ky pμjvyN Awp mYNbr bx ky swlsI &Yslw dyx[ pr, mwstr qwrw isμG ny pμQk &Ysly iksy bwhrly (ZYr-is`K) AwgU ’qy C`fx dI g`l mμnx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[ ienHW idnW ivc hI gurduAwrw ShId gμj lwhOr dw mslw swhmxy Aw igAw ijs nwl eykqw dIAW g`lW vDyry sμjIdgI nwl hox lg peIAW[ (ShId gμj bwry q&sIl vyKo Agly cYptr ivc)[

pμQk eykqw dIAW g`lW cwr-pμj mhIny hor cldIAW rhIAW[ hux bwbw ivswKw isμG ddyhr dw nW swls vjoN pyS hox lg ipAw[ auDr &rvrI 1936 ivc gurduAwrw coxW krvwey jwx dw AYlwn ho igAw[ ig: Syr isμG ny aunHW ny mihsUs kIqw ik bhuqIAW sItW nhIN ijq skxgy[ ies kr ky aunHW ny smJOqw krn vwsqy hW krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ 24 nvμbr 1935 dy idn SRomxI AkwlI dl ny bwbw ivswKw isμG ddyhr ƒ swls mnzUr kr ilAw[ 15 dsμbr 1935 dy idn sYNtrl AkwlI dl ny vI bwbw ivswKw isμG dI swlsI vwsqy mnzUrI dy idqI pr igAwnI Syr isMG dy AVIAl rv`eIey ƒ vyK ky 3 jnvrI 1936 dy idn bwbw ivswKw isμG ny swlsI krnoN nWh kr idqI[ ies mgroN Pyr dovyN DVy bwbw ivswKw isμG Aqy sohn isμG Bknw ƒ swls mμnx vwsqy iqAwr ho hI gey[ kuJ hI idnW ivc bwbw ivswKw isμG Aqy sohn isμG Bknw ny gurduAwrw coxW vwsqy aumIdvwrW dw &Yslw suxw idqw[ swlsI &Ysly muqwibk mwstr qwrw isμG DVy ’coN hyT iliKAW ƒ itkt nw idqI geI:
mwstr qwrw isμG, igAwnI krqwr isμG, mμgl isμG, qwrw isμG TyTr, gopwl isμG kOmI, Avqwr isμG bYirstr, jsvμq isμG dwnyvwlIAw, srmuK isμG Jbwl, drSn isμG PyrUmwn, sohn isμG jlwlausmW, jvwhr isμG burj, bwbU lwB isμG, ipAwrw isμG lμgyrI, bwvw bic`qr isμG, hrnwm isμG kbrv`Cw[
ig: Syr isμG DVy ivcoN hyT iliKAW ƒ itkt qoN nWh kIqI geI: ig: Syr isμG, jsvμq isμG Jbwl, Amr isμG Syry pμjwb, krqwr isμG J`br, hrbμs isμG sIsqwnI[
pr dohW pwrtIAW dy kuJ sInIAr AwgU Aijhy sn ijnHW ƒ itktW idqIAW geIAW sn:
(mwstr qwrw isμG DVw): hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt, eISr isμG mJYl, qyjw isμG AkrpurI, gurmuK isμG muswi&r, aUDm isμG nwgoky vZYrw[ (ig: Syr isμG DVw):
s:b: mihqwb isμG, mwn isμG hμbo, hukm isμG imμtgumrI, mihqwb isμG ijhlm vZYrw[
ies swlsI &Ysly ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG DVy ny isr Jukw idqw pr iZ Syr isμG DVy dy keI AwgU bwZI ho ky coxW ivc Awzwd KVy ho gey[ ienW ivco muK sn: Amr isμG Jbwl, rxjoD isμG qriskw, sμqoK isμG (KfUr swihb), s:b: hukm isμG, gurb^S isμG (BqIjw s:b: mihqwb isμG)[ dohW DiVAW qoN ielwvw bwbw ivswKw isμG Aqy sohn isμG Bknw ny ‘gursyvk sBw’ dy kuJ AwgUAW ƒ vI itktW dy idqIAW[ (ieμ\ auh vI pμQ dI eykqw krvwaux dy nW ’qy iek DVw bx gey qy SRomxI kmytI dy mYNbr vI bx gey)[ SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny 19 jnvrI 1936 dy idn bwbw ivswKw isμG dy &Ysly dy i^lw& KVy hox vwilAW dI inMdw dw mqw pws kIqw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 21 jnvrI 1936)[
28 &rvrI 1936 dy idn gurduAwrw coxW dy nqIjy inkl Awey[ bwbw ivswKw isμG dy nwmzd kIqy, lokl kmytIAW dy 38 ’coN 28 Aqy SRomxI kmytI dy 115 ’coN 82 aumIdvwr kwmXwb ho gey[ 25 AprYl 1936 ƒ nwmzdgIAW leI votW peIAW[ ies cox ivc 10 mwstr qwrw isμG dI pwrtI dy, 2 ig: Syr isμG pwrtI dy Aqy 2 gursyvk sBw dy cuxy gey[ mwstr qwrw isμG DVy ’coN cuxy jwx vwilAW ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, mμgl isμG, jsvμq isμG dwnyvwlIAw, krqwr isμG dIvwnw, hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt qy cwr hor sn[ ig: Syr isμG pwrtI ’coN ig: Syr isμG qy Amr isμG Syry-pμjwb nwmzd hoey[ gur syvk sBw vloN pRo inrμjn isμG qy s:b: Bgq isμG huiSAwrpurI ley gey[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 27 ApRYl 1936)[
13 jUn 1936 dy idn mwstr qwrw isμG SRomxI kmytI dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 15 jUn 1935)[

BwvyN AkwlI AwgUAW ny swlsI &Ysly hyT coxW qW lV leIAW pr Awps ivc &rk qy idlW dI mYl kdy vI nw auqr skI[ coxW mgroN dovyN DVy Pyr lVn lg pey[ Awi^r ieh lVweI do v`fIAW SKsIAqW dI mOq mgroN kuJ h`d qk muk geI[ (s:b: mihqwb isμG ny 28 meI 1938 ƒ Aqy ig: Syr isμG ny 7 AkqUbr 1944 dy idn cVHweI kIqI)[

is`K AwgUAW dI ies Pu`t dw ^imAwzw is`K kOm ƒ bhuq izAwdw Bugqxw ipAw[ AwzwdI dI jdojihd ivc is`K Awpxw ih`sw hwisl nw kr sky; kOm dI qwkq, pYsw Aqy vkq brbwd hoey; is`KW ivc Brw-mwrU jμg dI dOV qyz hoeI; Awps ivc ieqbwr, ipAwr qy BweIcwrk sWJ bhuq Gt geI; lokW ivc byidlI vDI Aqy kOm ivc DVw qy SKsIAq dy nW ’qy kdy nw mukx vwlI A-is`K bImwrI ny sdw vwsqy Awpxw fyrw kwiem kr ilAw[

gWDI dI is`K Drm nwl n&rq
gWDI iek Awm mUlvwdI ‘ihMdU’ sI; aus dI soc iek Awm bwxIey ihMdU vwlI hI sI[ hwlW ik auh idloN Dwrimk nhIN sI[ auh ieMglYNf rihMidAW Srwb Aqy gW dw mws qk Kw cukw sI[ auh Swied kwmI vI sI[ ijhVw S^s mW-bwp dy mrn dy plW ivc pqnI nwl Bog kr irhw hovy aus ivc prvwr vwsqy ikMnw kU ipAwr/jzbwq ho skdw hY, ies g`l dw AMdwzw sOiKAW hI lwieAw jw skdw hY[

pr auh Dwrimk nw hox dy bwvjUd i&rkU zrUr sI[ auh muslmwnW Aqy ^ws kr ky is`KW nUM idloN n&rq krdw sI[ auh qW 1920ivAW ivc vI “rwm rwj” dIAW g`lW krdw huMdw sI[ 1923 ivc jd aus ny qklI dw pRcwr SurU kIqw qW aus ny ieh pRcwr vI kIqw ik qklI ivcoN inklx vwly hr Dwgy qy rwm qy ikRSn dI muhr hoxI cwhIdI hY[ (ieMdU lwl ky. XjnIk, gWDI: AYz AweI inaU ihm, s&w 302, jI.fI. qyNdulkr, mhwqmw: lweI& Aw& mohn dws krm cMd gWDI)[

pihlW 1921 ivc nwnkwxw swihb dy kqlyAwm bwry vI gWDI dw slUk qkrIbn AYNtI-is`K sI[ aus dy ibAwnW ivcoN SryAwm mhMqW nwl hmdrdI dw ieSwrw nzr AwauNdw sI[ aus ny qW ieh koiSS vI kIqI sI ik is`K gurduAwrw suDwr lihr bMd kr dyx Aqy Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI lihr ivc hI ih`sw pwaux[ (ies ip`Cy vI aus dw mksd mhMqW dI mdd krnw hI sI)[ auN\ is`K lIfrW ny aus dI ies slwh nUM r`d kr id`qw sI[ hW is`KW ny iek ZlqI zrUr kIqI sI ik aus dy ikhW nwnkwxw swihb dy kqlyAwm sbMDI srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx dw mqw zrUr pws kr id`qw sI[ pr ies dy bwvjUd gWDI qy kWgrs ny nwnkwxw swihb dy sbMD ivc isr& iek-do ibAwn dyx qoN isvw kuJ nhIN sI kIqw[ aultw is`KW qy srkwr ivc iv`Q vDweI sI[

gWDI hmySw is`K Drm nUM ihMdU Drm dw iek AMg ikhw krdw sI[ is`K AwgUAW ny aus nUM iml ky vI qy ibAwnW rwhIN vI (qy iek`TW qy mIitMgW ivc vI) aus nUM Aijhw kihx qoN roikAw sI[ (ies ‘qy iek A^bwr ny gWDI bwry iliKAw sI:‘mhwqmw gWDI pwgl ho igAw’(vyKo: A^bwr dI kwpI, ies ikqwb ivc s&w 223 ‘qy)[ jdoN auh pMjwb AwieAw qW aus ny mMn ilAw ik mYN Aijhw pbilk ivc kdy nhIN khWgw pr iPr vI auh tilAw nhIN[ aus ny 9 ApRYl 1925 dy ‘XMg ieMfIAw ivc iek lyK ilK ky gurU goibMd isMG swihb nUM ihMdU Drm dw r`iKAk pr iek Bu`lV dyS Bgq ikhw (pr aus ny iSvwjI mrh`tw qy rwxI JWsI nUM kdy Bu`lV nhIN ikhw)[ jd mMgl isMG ny aus nUM ies bwry spStIkrn vwsqy ikhw qW aus ny ZlqI nhIN mMnI qy AwpxI g`l ‘qy AiVAw irhw, sgoN aus ny ikRSn bwry nvIN it`pxI dy id`qI ik auh ‘ieiqhwsk ienswn nhIN sI’ qy jy ieh swibq ho jwvy ik mhWBwrq ‘ieiqhws’ sI qW mYN ikRSn nUM r`b dw Avqwr mMnx qoN sw& ienkwr kr dyvWgw[‘ auN\ gWDI ny mMinAw ik aus ny is`K AwgUAW nwl vwAdw kIqw sI ik mYN aunHW nUM ihMdU Drm dw AMg nhIN khWgw[ pr gWDI iPr vI vwr-vwr is`K Drm ‘qy hmly krdw irhw[ (vyKo: gWDI dw spStIkrn s&w 322 ‘qy)

1929 dy lwhOr sYSn ivc kWgrs ny mqw pws kIqw sI ik ‘kWgrs koeI AYsw kwƒn mnzUr nhIN krygI jo is`KW (qy hor AklIAqW) ƒ mnzUr nhIN hovygw[’
1931 ivc gWDI ny is`KW nUM Brmwaux vwsqy iek vwr ikrpwn dI is&q vI kIqI sI[ 16 mwrc 1931 ƒ gWDI ny sIs gμj id`lI ivc ikhw ik ‘‘kWgrs is`KW nwl kdI ivswhGwq nhIN krygI, qy lwhOr dy mqy Anuswr koeI Aijhw AweIn nhIN bxwieAw jweygw jo is`KW ƒ mnzUr nw hovy[ ies sUrq ivc is~KW nUM h`k hovygw ik auh h`Q ivc qlvwr PV ky bZwvq krn, vwihgurU qy mnuK jwqI aunHW dI mdd krngy[”

iehI vwiedw mgroN 6 julweI 1946 ƒ klk`qw ivc nihrU vloN vI duhrwieAw igAw[ nihrU dy l&z sn ‘‘pμjwb dy bhwdr is`K ^ws slUk dy hkdwr hn[ mYƒ ies ivc koeI ieqrwz nhIN idsdw ik ihμdUsqwn dy au~qr ivc iek Ajyhw ielwkw vKrw kr id`qw jwvy ijs ivc AwzwdI dw inG is`KW dy lhU ƒ vI grmwvy[”

1936 ivc jd AMbydkr is`K bxn l`gw sI qW gWDI ny ies dI zbrdsq mu^wl&q kIqI sI, ijs nwl aus ny is`K bxn qoN nWh kr id`qI sI[ (ieh bySk AMbydkr dI kmzorI sI ik auh iek ihMdU AwgU A`gy Juk igAw ijs dw nqIjw aus nUM izMdgI Br Bogxw ipAw qy auh iek inrws AwgU vWg ies dunIAW qoN clw igAw)[
Agsq 1940 hI mwstr qwrw isμG ny kWgrs pRDwn AbU klm mOlwnw Awzwd ƒ ilKy iek ^q ivc &Oj ivc is`KW dI vDyry BrqI dI g`l AwKI hoeI sI[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny ies dI iek kwpI gWDI ƒ vI Byj idqI sI[ gWDI ny mwstr qwrw isμG dI ic`TI dy jvwb ivc ieh vI iliKAw ik:
“You have nothing in common with Congress — you believe in the rule of sword, the Congress does not…” (‘quhwfy Aqy kWgrs ivc kuJ vI sWJw nhIN[ qusIN ikrpwn ivc XkIn rKdy ho qy kWgrs nhIN)[

ies ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG ny gWDI nwl hoeI ^qo-^qwbq pRYs ƒ irlIz krn dy nwl hI 12 sqμbr 1940 ƒ kOmI qy sUbweI kWgrs qoN AsqI&y dy id`qy[ AsqI&y ivc mOlwnw Aqy gWDI nwl ivcwrW dy &rk Aqy rwjI jI dI pySkS dy ivroD dw izkr kIqw igAw sI[ 15 sqμbr 1940 nUM aurdU AKbwrW ‘pRqwp’, ‘imlwp’ qy ‘vIr Bwrq’ ny gWDI dw ivroD qy mwstr qwrw isμG dI ihmwieq kIqI[ A^bwrW ny mOlwnw Azwd ƒ mwstr qwrw isμG qoN muAw&I mμgx vwsqy ikhw (gWDI nUM muAw&I mMgx vwsqy nhIN ikhw igAw sI, hwlW ik is`K Drm dy i^lw& l&z gWDI ny vrqy sn)[ A^bwrW ny ikhw ik is`KW dIAW mhwn kurbwnIAW ƒ A`KoN Ehly kIqw igAw hY[ pr 18 sqμbr 1940 ƒ mwstr qwrw isμG ny AYlwn kIqw ik kWgrs qoN myrw AsqI&w S^sI hY AkwlI dl kWgrs dy nwl hI rhygw[ mwstr qwrw isμG dw ieh ibAwn Zlq sI ikauNik gWDI ny mwstr qwrw isμG dy i^lw& kuJ nhIN sI ikhw blik is`K Drm dI ikrpwn dy i^lw& n&rq auglI sI[ bxdw qW ieh sI ik swrI is`K kOm gWDI dy i^lw& au~T KVoNdI pr Aihmk qy buzidl is`K AwgU susrI vWg su`qy rhy[

28 sqμbr 1940 ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny gWDI dy is`KW sbμDI l&zW dI inμdw kIqI qy mμg kIqI ik kWgrs mOlwnw Awzwd (gWDI dy nhIN) dy ibAwn bwry
AwpxI puzISn sw& kry[ AkwlI dl ny 1929 dy is`KW ƒ id`qy Brosy Xwd r`Kx leI ikhw Aqy rwjw jI dI pySkS dw ivroD kIqw[ 15 AkqUbr nUM nihrU ny vI iek ibAwn ivc is`K AwgUAW ƒ AμgryzW nwl imlvrqx jW kWgrs dw swQ ivcoN ie`k rwh cuxn vwsqy ikhw[ pr, gWDI Aqy nihrU dy vqIry dy bwvjUd AkwlI dl qy kWgrs iek`Ty cldy rhy nw &urmwnI dI ihmwieq bwry mqw pws kIqw[ ies vyly AkwlI dl dy prDwn qyjw isμG AkrpurI sn[
31 dsμbr 1940 ƒ AkwlI kwn&rμs &iqhgVH ivc hoeI[ ies ivc igAwnI krqwr isμG, eISr isμG mJYl Awidk ny kWgrsI rol ƒ nw-psμd krn sbμDI qkrIrW kIqIAW[ mwstr AjIq isμG AμbwlvI ny ikhw ik ‘‘Aihμsw is`K isDWqW dy ivru`D hY[ is`K gurUAW ny keI vwrI Awpxy isDWqW dI rwKI vwsqy qy zwlm nwl mukwblw krn vwsqy ihMsw dI vrqoN kIqI hY[”
kuJ is`K AwgUAW ny gWDI dy i^lw& ibAwn zrUr id`qy pr auh vI nrm-nrm ijhy pr ies dy bwvjUd auh gWDI nUM Awpxw lIfr mMndy rhy[ eynI kU sUJ sI AkwlI AwgUAW ivc ik auh Awpxw gu`Jw duSmx vI nhIN sn pihcwxdy qy nw hI auh jurAq rKdy sn ik ieho ijhy dMBI, byeImwn qy DoKybwz nUM r`d kr skdy[ sB qoN AjIb rol sI Amr isMG Jbwl DVw, aUDm isMG nwgoky DVw, mMgl isMG, hIrw isMG drd vrgy AwgUAW dw, joo ies sB kuJ dy bwvjUd gWDI nUM hI sB kuJ mMndy sn qy aunHW nUM aus dw i&rkU qy AYNtI-is`K rol vI JMJoVdw nhIN sI[ ieh hwlq sI Aihmk is`K cODrIAW dI[ ieh lok mUrKwnw h`d q`k kWgrs qy gWDI dI pYrokwrI hI nhIN cwplUsI qk krdy sn[

ies mgroN vI gWDI Aksr is`KW Aqy ikrpwn bwry boilAw krdw sI[ aus ny Awpxy prcy hrIjn dy 5 Aqy 12 julweI 1942 AMkW ivc SryAwm ikrpwn dy i^lw& iliKAw[

kWgrs ivc is`K-ivroDI qy i&rkU mwhOl dI h`d qW ieQoN qk sI ik 1945 ivc kWgrs sYNtrl pwrtI dy cI& iv`p ny mμgl isμG AYm.pI. ƒ ie`QoN qk hukm jwrI kIqw sI ik auh AsYNblI ivc is`KW bwry svwl nw pu`iCAw kry[ ies ’qy AkwlI dl ny aus ƒ ApozISn ivc bYTx Aqy is`K h`kW sbμDI AkwlI dl dI pwlsI Anuswr clx vwsqy ikhw[

15 Agsq 1947 qoN bwAd gWDI isr& swFy pMj mhIny hI jIivAw pr aus ny ies dOrwn drjnW vwr is`KW dy i^lw& GtIAw iksm dy bol boly[ ies dIAW kuJ imswlW hwizr hn:
iek vwr aus ny is`KW nUM ihMdU ikhw Aqy nwl hI kihx l`gw ik: is`KW nUM vKrw Drm qW mYkwly (auh Swied kinMGm kihxw cwhuMdw sI) ny ikqwb ilK ky bxwieAw sI[ gWDI dy l&zW ivc: ieh swrw mYkwly ny KVw kIqw sI[ auh ieiqhwskwr qW sI hI nhIN[ aus ny is`KW nUM Alg Drm kihx dI zihr PYlweI ijs nUM hr iek ny ingl ilAw[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 88, s&y 4-5)[

gRMQ swihb kI hY, ieh qW ihMdU SwSqrW ’qy ADwrq hY[…ieh is`KW dw svw lwK kI mzwk hY[ AYtm bMb dy ies zmwny ivc is`KW dI ikrpwn iek zMgwl l`gw hiQAwr hY[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 89, s&w 284)[

ijs qrHW lok ikrpwn pihxI iPrdy hn; ieh iek jMglI vrqwrw hY (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 89, s&y 274)[

is`K kihMdy hn ik auh pRIvI kONsl dy &Ysly muqwibk iksy vI sweIz dI ikrpwn pihx skdy hn[ hux ihMdUAW dI hkUmq hY qy pRIvI kONsl dw &Yslw ^qm ho cukw hY (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 90, s&w 72-73)[
iek is`K jy svw l`K hY qW auh duSmx nUM mu`ikAW nwl hI mwr skdw hY, ikrpwn dI kI loV hY[
gurU nwnk ny kdy nhIN sI ikhw ik mYN ihMdU nhIN, nw hI iksy hor gurU ny Aijhw ikhw[ is`K, ihMdU, boDI, jYnI DrmW nUM Alg nhIN mMinAw jw skdw[ ieh swry ies ihMdU Drm dIAW Sw^wvW hn[ ihMdU Drm iek smuMdr hY ijs ivc swry dirAw smw jWdy hn (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 90, s&w 177)[

mYN quhwfw gRMQ swihb pVHdw hW pr mYN ieh quhwnUM ^uS krn vwsqy nhIN pVHdw[ nw hI Aijhw krn vwsqy mYnUM quhwfI iejwzq dI loV hY[ pr gurU jI ny ikqy vI nhIN ikhw ik quhwnUM dwVHI zrUr augwauxI cwhIdI hY qy ikrpwn zrUr cu`kxI cwhIdI hY[ (gWDI, kulYktf vrks, ijld 90, s&w 470)[

mOlwxw Awzwd (jo swrI aumr gWDI dw v&wdwr irhw qy muslmwx aus nUM “SoA buAwey Aw& kWgrs” ikhw krdy sn) ny vI AwpxI ikqwb ieMfIAw ivnz &rIfm (ies dy aunHW 30 si&AW ivc jo aus dI mOq qoN qIh swl mgroN Cwpy gey sn) ivc gWDI qy nihrU dI i&rkwprsqI dw prdw &wS kIqw hY[

gWDI is`K Drm dy i^lw& AijhI GtIAw bolI Aksr boldw hI rihMdw sI pr byZYrq kWgrsI ‘is`K’ vzIrIAW qy hor lwlcW kwrn ieh sB kuJ cup kr ky sux lYNdy sn qy kMn bMd kr lYNdy sn qy kbUqr vWg ib`lI vyK ky A`KW mIt lYNdy sn[

gUMgy bxy rihMdy sn[ ^ws kr ky pRqwp isMG kYroN, mMgl isMG ig`l, Amr isMG Jbwl, svrn isMG jlMDr, guridAwl isMG iF`loN, zYl isMG, aUDm isMG nwgoky, drSn isMG PyrUmwn vZYrw qW ies zlwlq nUM im`Tw kr ky pINdy sn[

SyrW dI &Oj dy gDy jrnYl
‘i&rUkU &Yslw’ drAsl sYNtr Aqy sUibAW ivc AsYNblI dIAW sItW dy rwKvyNkrn nwl sbMD rKdw sI[ muslm lIg, kWgrs qy is`K Awpo-Awpxy mYNbr vDwaux qk hI sImq rhy sn[ muslm lIg muslmwnW dy ihqW bwry socdI sI qy ihMdUAW dI pwrtI kWgrs nwl iksy qrHW vI Brosw nhIN sI krdI qy Awpxy ihqW ’qy pihrw dyNdI sI[ dUjy pwsy AkwlI dl is`KW dI pwrtI sI[ pr AkwlI AwgUAW nUM pMQ dw sWJw ihq vI DVybMdI ivc pw dyNdw sI[ auh bhuq mOikAW ’qy mUrKW vWg ivcrdy sn qy kOmI svwl nUM vI DiVAW dI ibnwA ’qy is`K mu&wd dy i^lw& kr AwieAw krdy sn[ dUjw aunHW ivc sUJ dI vI Swied kmI sI ik auh ieh nw pVH sky ik klH nUM votW dI igxqI dI ibnwA ’qy hox vwly &YsilAW ivc is`K kI krngy? Aijhw nw smJx kr ky auh kOm dw Gr (dyS) bxwaux bwry soc nw sky qy vwDU msilAW ivc AYjItySn, ibAwnbwzI qy hor kwrvweIAW krdy rhy[

is`KW nUM cwhIdw sI ik i&rkU &Ysly dw svwl C`f ky pMjwb dI vMf dI g`l 1932 ivc krdy Aqy ies vwsqy sMjIdw j`dojihd krdy[ is`KW nUM pMjwb dy iqMn ih`isAW dI mMg krnI cwhIdI sI: iek isMD qoN ijhlm qk, dUjw ijhlm qoN jmnw qk qy qIjw jmnw qoN pwr ijs ivc rohqk, guVgwEN qy hor hirAwxvI qy bWgrU bolI dy ielwky AwauNdy[ ieM\ ieh iqMn sUby qrqIbvwr muslmwn, is`K qy hirAwxvI ihMdU, Xwin iqMnW kOmW dy sUby khy jw skdy sn[ AMgryzW v`loN Awzwd kIqy jwx smyN ieh pUrbI pMjwb is`Ksqwn bx skdw sI[

17 Agsq 1932 ƒ Aμgryz srkwr dy AYvwrf (i&rkU &Yslw) dy AYlwn qoN 1934 qk pμjwb ivc is`K, SRomxI AkwlI dl dI AgvweI hyT, ies AYvwrf dI mu^wl&q krdy rhy[ kWgrs ivc i&rkU ihμdU Zlbw hox kwrn is`KW dI ihmwieq bwry socx dw svwl hI nhIN pYdw huμdw sI[ ieDr is`K pwrtIAW vI iek ho ky lVn dy AYlwn dy bwvjUd AwpxI DVybμdI ’qy kwiem sn[ ies mwhOl ivc bhuqy is`K kWgrs qoN vI nwrwz ho gey[AkwlI dl qy kWgrs ivc iek v`fI iv`Q pY geI[

AkqUbr 1934 ivc kWgrs dw iejlws bμbeI ivc hoieAw[ 27 AkqUbr ƒ pμfq mdn mohn mwlvIAw ny kWgrs dI mIitμg ivc “i&rkU &Yslw r`d kro” qrmIm pyS kIqI jo kuJ votW-kwrn pws nw ho skI[ ies vyly srdUl isμG kvISr kWgrs vrikμg kmytI dw mYNbr sI[ gopwl isμG kOmI ieh kih ky auT AwieAw ik “kWgrs ny is`KW nUM nwrwz kr ilAw hY[” (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 29 AkqUbr 1934)[ ies dy bwvjUd kWgrs ivc bYTy i&rkU ihμdU is`KW dI prvwh krn vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sn[

ienHW idnW ivc ShId gμj lwhOr dw morcy lgx kwrn is`KW dw, Aqy Kws kr ky SRomxI AkwlI dl dw, iDAwn i&rkU &Ysly vl vDyry nw ho sikAw[ ies qoN bwAd, 1936 ivc, SRomxI kmytI dIAW coxW Aw geIAW[ Agly hI swl, 1937 ivc, i&rkU &Ysly dy ADwr ’qy pμjwb ivc AsYNblI coxW hoeIAW[ ienHW coxW ivc AkwlI dl qoN ibnW cI& Kwlsw dIvwn DVy ny vI ‘Kwlsw nYSnl pwrtI’ dy nW hyTW coxW lVIAW[ swry srkwr-prsq qy AkwlI mu^wil& ies pwrtI dy Jμfy hyTW iek`Ty ho gey Aqy joigμdrw isμG qy suμdr isμG mjITIAw dI AgvweI ivc coxW vwsqy kmrk`sy kr ley[ pYsy dy p`KoN ieh pwrtI AkwlI dl qoN ikqy A`gy sI[ AkwlI kl ivc ij`Qy Awm ikswn qy Coty vpwrI sn, au~Qy ies pwrtI ivc jwgIrdwrW, reIsW, v`fy izmINdwrW qy v`fy vpwrIAW dw kbzw sI[

ienHW idnW ivc pUrI AwzwdI dw nwArw vDyry cl irhw sI[ iesy kr ky Kwlsw nYSnl pwrtI ny ‘‘kwƒnI qrIikAW nwl AwzwdI lYx” bwry mYnI&Ysto jwrI kIqw[ mjITIAw ny Agsq 1936 ivc ieh mYnI&Ysto jwrI kridAW ikhw ik aunHW dI pwrtI nvyN AweIn ƒ kbUl krdI hY Aqy ies ivclIAW jo bhuq swrIAW ^wmIAW hn aunHW ƒ dUr krvweygI[

SRomxI AkwlI dl ny ie`kly qOr ’qy coxW lVn dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ ies sbμD ivc AkwlI dl Aqy Kwlsw drbwr dIAW vrikμg kmtIAW dI sWJI mIitμg AμimRqsr ivc 14 jUn 1936 ƒ hoeI, ies mIitμg ny &Yslw kIqw ik iksy AwnryrI mijstryt, jgIrdwr, srdwr swihb, srdwr bhwdr jW srkwr-pUj ƒ coxW ivc KVw nw kIqw jwvy[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 16 jUn 1936)[

ies mIitμg ivc mμgl isμG dI pRDwngI hyT 100 dy krIb is`K AwgU iek`Ty hoey[ hwzrIn dI bhuqI igxqI srb is`K pwrtIAW dy sWJy coxW lVn dy ivcwr dy i^lw& sI[ kWgrs dw ivroD vI bhuq hoieAw[ is`KW v`loN kWgrs dI mu^wl&q dy iqμn mu`K kwrn sn: (1) is`KW nUM Jtky dI iejwzq sbμDI kWgrs dw rol (2) ShId gμj dy msly ’qy cu`p Aqy (3) i&rkU &Ysly dI mu^wl&q nw krnw[

kWgrs bwry 3 julweI 1936 ƒ mwstr qwrw isμG ny qW ieQoN qk ikhw ik ‘‘kWgrs ’qy ies kr ky XkIn nhIN kIqw jw skdw ikauNik ies ny ShId gμj gurduAwry dy JgVy vrgy msly vyly is`K p`K dI TIk ihmwieq krn qoN vI ihckcwht idKweI sI[ jy muslmwn drbwr swihb ’qy hmlw krngy qW vI kWgrs inrp`K rhygI qy is`KW dy kqlyAwm qk dI inμdw nhIN krygI[ mYN aus kWgrs dw Zdwr hW ijhVI muslmwnW dy Asr hyTW hY[ mYN Aijhw qd krWgw jd qk kWgrs muslmwnW dy Zlby hyToN nhIN inkldI[ pr jy kWgrs ny dyS dI AzwdI leI j`dojihd SurU kIqI qW mYN sB qoN A`gy hovWgw[” mwstr jI dy ies ibAwn ’qy hIrw isμG drd, jo ibAwn dyx ƒ bVw kwhlw jwpdw sI, ny icV ky mwstr jI ƒ ‘swfw AOrμgzyb’ dw lybl id`qw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 20 jUn 1936)[ ieh idmwZI hwlq sI AkwlI AwgUAW dI jo injI swVy kr ky sInIAr AwgU ƒ ‘‘AOrμgZyb’’ nwl qSbIh dyx dI ihmwkq vI kr skdy sn[ iesy hIrw isMG drd ny isr& cwr swl pihlW, 1932 ivc, Awpxy prcy PulvwVI ivc mwstr qwrw isMG ’qy hyT ilKI kivqw ilKI sI:
qwry cmkdy bhuq Asmwn au~qy, iek ieh cmikAw Drq ’qy Awn qwrw[
ijvyN GolIAW jwx auh cMn au~qoN, hoieAw pMQ qoN ieh kurbwn qwrw[
mwx aunHW nUM mWgvI rOSnI ’qy, rOSn Awp ey sUrj smwn qwrw[
frdy Cpx auh sUrj dy zulm koloN, fitAw rhy ieh ivc mYdwn qwrw[
hY inrmwn inSkwm qy mrd s`cw, mwx pMQ qoN qwhIEN ieh pwauNdw ey[
^UbI eys dI hor kI ‘drd’ d`sy, sUrj ho ky qwrw sdwauNdw ey[
(PulvwVI 1932, vyKo: &ulvwVI dy aus s&y dI &oto ies ikqwb ivc)

hux SRomxI AkwlI dl Aqy Kwlsw drbwr ny iml ky coxW lVn dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ coxW lV rhy aumIdvwrW ny ieh pRx vI kIqw ik auh XUnIAinst pwrtI nwl koeI smJOqw nhIN krngy[ sWJy cox borf ny 19 nukwqI cox-mnI&Ysto jwrI kIqw[ (rozwnw itRibaUn, 20 jUn 1936)[

ieh nukqy hyT ilKy sn:
1. pUrI AwzwdI vwsqy lVweI qy aunHW pwrtIAW nwl imlvrqx jo ies bwry ivc j`dojihd krn[
2. i&rkU &Ysly dI ftvIN mu^wl&q krnw Aqy ies dI QW sWJy qy kOmI h`l dI Bwl krnw[
3. swry mwrU kwƒnW ƒ ^qm krvwauxw[
4. kOmI mu&wd dy i^lw& kwƒnW qy qrIikAW dw ^wqmw krvwauxw[
5. swry isAwsI kYdIAW Aqy nzrbμdW dI irhweI vwsqy koiSS krnw[
6. jwq pwq (CUq-Cwq) dw ^wqmw krnw[
7. Awm jnqw dI qr`kI Aqy ip`Cy rhIAW jmwqW ƒ au~cw auTwauxw[
8. muFly h`kW (pySw, Drm qy bolx dI AzwdI) vwsqy koiSS krnw[
9. pyNfU krizAW qoN Cutkwrw idvwauxw[
10. ZrIbW dI byhqrI vwsqy AmIrW au~qy vD tYks lwauxw[
11. ieμkm tYks dI qrz ’qy mwlIAw lgvwauxw[
12. i&rkU &Ysly dI mu^wl&q nw krn vwlI vzwrq dI mu^wl&q krnw qy aus dI QW AijhI vzwrq bnwaux dI koiSS krnw jo 1935 dw AweIn bdly qy lokW ƒ mnzUr hox vwlw AweIn bxwey[
13. &Oj ƒ pUrI qrHW BwrqI bxwauxw[
14. is`KW dy swry shI h`kW dI ih&wzq krnw[
15. is`KW ƒ ikrpwn dI AwzwdI idvwauxw[
16. ShId gμj ’qy muslmwnW dI kbzw krn dI swizS dw hr qrHW nwl mukwblw krnw[
17. SRomxI kmytI dI mrzI muqwibk 1925 dy gurduAwrw AYkt ivc qrmIm kvwauxw[
18. AwibAwnw (pwxI dw dr) Gtvwauxw[
19. dysI qy GrylU dsqkwrI dw pRcwr kr ky byruzgwrI Gtwauxw[

AkwlI dl qy Kwlsw drbwr v`loN iek`ilAW cox lVn dy AYlwn nwl kuJ AkwlI AwgUAW ny sWJy cox borf qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ ienHW ivc Kwlsw drbwr dy pRDwn mμgl isμG, sYNtrl Kwlsw XUQ lIg dy jnrl sk`qr hrcrn isμG bwjvw muK sn[ Agsq 1936 dy idn ies DVy dy kuJ muKI lwhOr ivc iek`Ty hoey Aqy kWgrs nwl imlvrqx dw AYlwn kIqw[

ies hwlq ƒ mihsUs kr ky is`K AwgUAW ny 3 Agsq 1936 dy idn AμimRqsr ivc Awl is`K pwrtIz kwn&rμs bulweI[ ies ivc gopwl isμG kOmI ny ikhw ik ‘jy kWgrs nwl imlvrqx dyvogy qW is`KW dw vkwr vDygw, ies leI kWgrs dIAW itktW lYxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[’ ies ’qy ig: Syr isμG ny ikhw ik ‘ies kwn&rμs dw sbμD is`KW nwl hY kWgrs nwl nhIN[‘ ies mOky ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG ny sWJw borf bnwaux dI vI g`l khI[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 5 Agsq 1936)[

ies kwn&rμs dw koeI nqIjw nw inkilAw ijs kwrn kuJ inrws AwgUAW ny iek ‘kWgrs is`K pwrtI’ bxw leI[ ies ivc mw: moqw isμG, mw: kwbl isμG, sohx isμG joS, gopwl isμG kOmI qy krm isμG mwn vZYrw sn[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 18 Agsq 1936)[ pr ieh mwhOl izAwdw dyr nw cl sikAw[ kuJ AwgU dohW pwisAW qoN smJOqy dIAW koiSSW krdy rhy[ A^Ir 14 nvμbr 1936 ƒ AkwlIAW qy kWgrs ivc smJOqw ho igAw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 18 nvMbr 1936)[

iesy smJOqy mgroN 4 jnvrI 1937 ƒ pμjwb kWgrs dI cox hoeI qy mwstr qwrw isμG Awl ieμfIAw kWgrs dy fYlIgyt cuxy gey[ ies smJOqy muqwibk pμjwb ivc 32 is`K sItW ivcoN 24 sItW bwry AkwlI-kWgrs smJOqw ho igAw[ ienHW 24 ivcoN 14 AkwlI dl qy 10 kWgrsI is`KW ny lVnIAW sn[ (rozwnw itRibaUn, 20 nvMbr 1936)[ AkwlI dl vloN bldyv isμG, svrn isμG, pRqwp isμG kYroN, igAwnI krqwr isμG, kpUr isμG, nroqm isμG Awidk muK AwgUAW ny coxW lVIAW[

1937 dIAW coxW dy nqIjy hYrwnI vwly sn[ AkwlI dl Aqy kWgrs dy sWJy 24 auNmIdvwrW ivcoN 23 ijq gey[ Kwlsw nYSnl pwrtI dy isr& iqμn suμdr isμG, joigμdr isμG mwn qy jgjIq isμG mwn ij`qy[ ies qoN ielwvw AkwlI ihmwieq nwl soFI hrnwm isμG Aqy pμj hor vI kwmXwb hoey[ jyqU AkwlIAW ivc bldyv isμG, kpUr isμG, ig: krqwr isμG, sμpUrn isμG, it`kw jgjIq isμG, ArUV isμG vI Swiml sn[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 9 &rvrI 1937)[

ij`qx mgroN sWJy Prμt dw pihlw iek`T 14 &rvrI 1937 dy idn gurU rwm dws srW AμimRqsr ivc hoieAw[ ies ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, bwbw ivswKw isμG, bwbw sohn isμG Bknw, gopwl isμG kOmI, eISr isμG mJYl, sohn isμG jlwl ausmW, pRqwp isμG kYroN, qyjw isμG cUhVkwnw, blvμq isμG duKIAw Aqy gurmuK isμG muswi&r Swiml hoey[ Prμt ny pihlI AprYl 1937 ƒ nvIN rwj bxqr ivruD ros idn mnwaux dw AYlwn kIqw[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 16 &rvrI 1937)[

17 PrvrI 1937 ƒ gvrnr AYmrsn ny iskμdr hXwq ^wn ƒ vzwrq bxwaux dw s`dw id`qw (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 19 &rvrI 1937)[ ieh AkwlIAW dI mrzI Anuswr hI cox sI ikauNik 31 mwrc 1936 ƒ AkwlI dl ny ipCly swl iek ibAwn ivc &zl husYn dI bjwey iskμdr hXwq ^wn dw cI& minstr bxnw byhqr mμinAw sI (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 2 ApRYl 1936)[

sr iskμdr dI vzwrq ivc Abdul hXw qy iskμdr i^jr itvwxw (dovyN muslmwn), suμdr isμG mjITw (is`K), sr CotU rwm qy mnohr lwl (dovoN ihμdU) vzIr sn[ sr iskμdr ƒ pihlw mukwblw pihlI AprYl 1937 dI hVqwl nwl krnw pYxw sI, ijs dw AYlwn kWgrsI &rμt ny kIqw sI[
SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny mwrc 1937 dy idn AwpxI mIitμg ivc pihlI AprYl dI hVqwl dI ihmwieq kr id`qI[ mIitμg ny ieh AjIb &Yslw vI kIqw ik swry AkwlI ‘‘kWgrs dw Jμfw au~cw r`Kx vwsqy ies dy mYNbr bx jwx[” (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 7 mwrc 1937)[

8 mwrc 1937 ƒ lwhOr brYflw hwl ivKy hVqwl kmytI dI mIitμg hoeI[ ies ivc nvIN srkwr dy i^lw& mqw pws kIqw igAw[ mIitμg ivc AkwlI dl dy numwieμdy mwstr qwrw isμG qoN ibnW kWgrs, syoSilst, ikrqI, ieiqhwd im`lq, stUfYNtz XUnIAn, pμjwb XUQ lIg dy numwieMdy vI Swiml hoey[

pihlI AprYl dI hVqwl qoN pihlW hI AkwlI dl ny Awpxy ros dw iezhwr kIqw[ 14 mwrc 1937 ƒ lwielpur ivc suμdr isμG mjIiTAw dy Awaux ’qy igAwnI krqwr isμG dI AgvweI ivc muzwhrw kIqw igAw[ muzwhry ivc jo nwAry lwey aunHW ivcoN muK sI: ‘‘i&rkU &Yslw mμnxw pμQ nwl ZdwrI hY[” (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw 16 mwrc 1937)[ pihlI AprYl ƒ swry dyS ivc bVI kwmXwb hVqwl hoeI[

pihlI AprYl 1937 ƒ ij`Qy AkwlI hVqwl krwaux ivc ruJy hoey sn au~Qy gurduAwrw kot BweI Qwn isμG ivc muslmwnW ny hmlw kr ky keI isμG mwr id`qy (q&sIl vyKo ipCly cYptr ivc)[ AkwlI dl ƒ hux isAwsq qy Drm dohW muhwzW qy lVnw ipAw[ ies dy nwl-nwl qIjw hmlw kWgrs dy ihmwieqI is`KW dw sI[ ‘kWgrs is`K pwrtI’ dy vjUd ivc Awaux kr ky kuJ vrkr AkwlI dl qoN tut gey; qy kuJ sI.AweI.fI. vWg kWgrsIAW ƒ irportW dyx lg pey[ AkwlI dl dI AijhI jQybμdk hwlq ƒ vyK ky SRomxI AkwlI dl dw jnrl iejlws AμimRqsr ivc 24 qy 25 AprYl 1937 dy idn bulwieAw igAw[ iejlws ivc 103 mYNbr qyjw isMG AkrpurI dI pRDwngI hyT iek`Ty hoey[ ies mIitμg ivc Swiml hox vwilAW dI pUrI jWc kIqI geI qy bwhrly iksy S^s ƒ vI Aμdr nhIN Awaux id`qw igAw[ ies iejlws ny mwstr qwrw isμG dI AgvweI ivc pUry XkIn dw mqw mws kIqw[ ies qoN ibnW hyT ilKy mqy vI pws kIqy gey: (1) SRomxI AkwlI dl ƒ muV jQybμd kIqw jwvy (2) kot BweI Qwn ivc pulIs dy rol dI inμdw kIqI geI (3) SRomxI AkwlI dl dw Ahudydwr SRomxI kmytI dw Ahudydwr nw bxy[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 27 ApRYl 1937)

dUjy pwsy ‘kWgrs is`K pwrtI’ ny srmuK isμG Jbwl nuUμ pRDwn cux ilAw[ ies pwrtI ivc gopwl isμG kOmI, hIrw isμG drd, sohx isμG Bknw, krm isμG cImw, srdUl isμG kvISr, qyjw isμG cUhVkwxw vZYrw Swiml ho gey[ 27 AprYl ƒ ienHW dI vrikμg kmytI ny &Yslw kIqw ik ‘iksy i&rkU pwrtI dw mYNbr swfw mYNbr nhIN bx skygw[’ ies kWgrs is`K pwrtI ivc BwvyN kuJ-ku ‘v`fy-v`fy’ is`K AwgU Swiml sn pr auh ies jQybμdI ƒ AwpxI S^sIAq qoN A`gy nw iljw sky nw hI Awm is`K ies pwrtI nwl juV sky[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 29 ApRYl 1937)

ieh smW AkwlI dl dI hoNd vwsqy bVw AOKw smW sI[ iek vwrI qW SRomxI AkwlI dl dI mIitμg ivc AkwlI dl ƒ qoV ky nvIN jQybμdI bxwaux sbμDI mqw vI pyS kIqw igAw[ jQydwr nwgoky Anuswr:
“ig: krqwr isμG qy aus dy swQIAW ny AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI dI iek mIitμg ivc qW ie`QoN qk vI mqw pyS kIqw ik ‘AkwlI dl qoV idqw jwvy hux ies ivc jwn nhIN pweI jw skdI qy ies dI QW koeI nvIN jQybμdI bxweI jwvy” ies mqy dy jvwb ivc bwbU lwB isμG ny ikhw ik ‘igAwnI jI qusIN qW AkwlI dl qoV idqw hY[ hux ies ƒ swfy qy rihx idE, AsIN ies ivc jwn pwvWgy[” (aUDm isMG nwgoky, is`K Drm qy mOjUdw rwjnIqI, s&w 32)[ aunHW dw jvwb sux ky AkwlI dl qoVn dw mqw vwps lY ilAw igAw[ BwvyN igAwnI krqwr isμG ies mIitμg ivc AkwlI dl ƒ ^qm qW nw kr sikAw pr aus dIAW koiSSW sdkw 14 jUn 1937 ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny kWgrs ivc vI Swiml hox dw mqw pws kr id`qw[ iesy mIitμg ny kWgrs dy ihmwieqIAW ƒ hI SRomxI AkwlI dl dy Ahudydwr cuixAw[ drSn isμG PyrUmwn pRDwn qy eISr isμG mJYl jnrl sk`qr cuxy gey[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 18 jUn 1937)

ieh smW AkwlI dl vwsqy bVI AOKI j`do-jihd dw smW sI[ 4 Agsq 1937 ƒ AkwlI dl ny kot BweI Qwn isμG dy gurduAwry dy svwl ’qy morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kIqw[ Agly hI h&qy 10 Agsq 1937 dy idn Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr dI srkwr-pRsq kmytI (cI& Kwlsw dIvwn-nYSnilst pwrtI) ny pRo: nirμjn isμG Aqy 5 hor pRo&YsrW ƒ nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw Aqy 4 horW ƒ vwrinμg dy idqI[ ieh pRo&Ysr AzwdI dI lihr, AkwlI dl Aqy kWgrs dy ihmwieqI sn[ 12 AkqUbr 1937 dy idn pμjwb pulItIkl kwn&rμs ny Kwlsw kwlj kmytI dI inμdw dw mqw pws kIqw[ (mgroN AkwlI dl ny iek nvW Kwlsw kwlj bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies kwlj vwsqy ieMdr isMG twtwngr ny audoN iek l`K rupY ‘dwn’ id`qy[ ies ieMdr isMG dw pu`qr bldyv isMG mgroN minstr bixAw[ AkwlIAW v`loN aus dy lwhOr Awaux ’qy aus dw iek Swndwr jlUs k`iFAw igAw[

15 AkqUbr 1937 dy idn iskμdr Aqy muhμmd AlI ijnwh iek dUjy ƒ srb ihμd muslm lIg dy sYSn smyN lKnaU ivc imly[ ies mIitμg dw nqIjw iskμdr-ijnwh pYkt vjoN swhmxy AwieAw[ iskμdr-ijnwh pYkt dIAW Aihm m`dW ieh sn:
(1) pμjwb vwps jw ky iskμdr AwpxI pwrtI dI mIitμg bulweygw Aqy AwpxI pwrtI dy aunHW muslmwn mYNbrW, ijhVy muslm lIg dy mYNbr nhIN sn, ƒ khygw ik auh lIg dy mYNbr bxn[
(2) A`gy qoN swrIAW coxW ivc dovyN grup iek dUjy dI mdd krngy[
(3) jo muslmwn lIg dI itkt ’qy cuxy jwxgy jW lIg dI mYNbriSp kbUl krngy auh
XUnIAinst pwrtI dy Aμdr, ‘muslm lIg pwrtI’ dy rUp ivc hoxgy Aqy kulISn jW smJOiqAW dy bwry ivc Awzwd hoxgy[ ies smJOqy dw nqIjw ieh hoieAw ik iskμdr vzwrq muslm lIg, is`K jgIrdwrW, ihμdU srmweydwrW qy eIsweIAW dI vzwrq bx geI nW ik XUnIAinst-Kwlsw nYSnl pwrtI srkwr[ nvIN pYdw hoeI hwlq ƒ cμgI qrHW ivcwrn vwsqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI Aqy AYm.AYl.eyz. dI sWJI bYTk 28 AkqUbr 1937 dy idn cμnx isμG aurwVw dI pRDwngI hyT hoeI[ ies ny &Yslw kIqw ik iskμdr-ijnwh pYkt dw ivroD krn vwsqy swry AkwlI AYm.AYl.eyz. kWgrs ivc Siml ho jwx[ ieh vI &Yslw hoieAw ik XUnIAinstW dI ‘imlwp kwn&rμs’ dw bweIkwt kIqw jwvy[

ienHW idnW ivc iskμdr-muslm lIg dI mu^wl&q ivc qy ikswnW dy mwlIey dy nvyN bμdobsq dw ivroD krn bwry hr pwsy muzwhry hoey[ 24 jnvrI 1938 ƒ lwhOr dy morI gyt dy bwhr 50 hzwr lokW dw jlsw hoieAw ijs ipCoN BwrI jlUs inkilAw[ ieh iqμn mIl lμbw jlUs ‘ienklwb izμdwbwd’ Aqy ‘iskμdr srkwr murdwbwd’ dy nwAry lw irhw sI[ ies jlUs ivc bhuqy AkwlI hI Swiml sn[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 26 jnvrI 1938)

AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny 11 mwrc 1938 dI mIitμg ivc ‘is`K dyS syvk &μf’ kwiem kr ky isAwsI kYdIAW dI mdd leI ieμqzwm kIqw[ ienHW idnW ivc hI ShId gμj dw crcw muV SurU ho igAw[ kWgrs ny ies bwry cup Dwr leI ikauNik aunHW idnW ivc kWgrs dI muslmwnW nwl g`lbwq cl rhI sI[ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny 16 meI 1938 ƒ mqw pws kr ky kWgrs qoN mμg kIqI ik ‘‘kWgrs ny XkIn idvwieAw sI ik auh is`KW ƒ nw mnzUr hox vwlw muslmwnW nwl koeI smJOqw nhIN krygI[ ies leI kWgrs ies XkIn ƒ pUrw kry[” (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 18 meI 1938)

ienHW idnW ivc hI bhuq swry bbr AkwlI, kYdW Bugq ky, irhw ho gey[ 31 meI 1938 ƒ AkwlI dl dw jnrl iejlws hoieAw[ ies ivc iek mqw pws kIqw igAw ijs ivc bbrW dI irhweI qy ^uSI zwihr kIqI geI sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 2 jUn 1938)

20 julweI 1938 ƒ ‘bμdobsq kmytI AμimRqsr’ vloN mihkmw nihr dy i^lw& BwrI muzwhrw kIqw igAw[ jilHAW vwly bwg ivc 60 hzwr ikswn iek`Ty hoey[ aunHW au~pr bVw BwrI lwTI cwrj hoieAw ijs ivc bhuq swry muzwhrIn zKmI hoey[ ienHW ivc AkwlI AwgU jQydwr nwgoky Awidk vI sI[ 3 Agsq ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny ies lwTIcwrj dI inμdw kIqI[(rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 5 Agsq 1938)

9 AkqUbr 1938 dy idn AkwlI dl ny ‘is`K nYSilst kwn&rμs’ bulw ky XUinAinstW dI inμdw dw mqw pws krvwieAw[ AkwlI dl ’qy kWgrs ihmwieqIAW dw kbzw hox kr ky ienHW idnW ivc AkwlI dl iPr kWgrs dy bhuq nyVy Aw igAw sI[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 11 AkqUbr 1937)
26 nvμbr 1938 ƒ AkwlI dl dI srb ihμd kwn&rMs rwvlipμfI ivc hoeI[ suBwS cμdr bos ies ivc muK mihmwn sI[ 50 hzwr dI BwrI hwzrI ivc bldyv isμG dI pRDwngI hyT XUinAinst pwrtI dI inμdw, kwly ib`l (bμdobsq) dw ivroD qy
ShId gμj sbμDI muslm rol dy ivroD dy mqy pws hoey[ (rozwnw AkwlI pqRkw, 29 nvMbr 1938)[

ies kwn&rμs ivc AkwlIAW ƒ kWgrs ivc Swiml hox leI ApIl kIqI geI[ bldyv isμG ny AwpxI pRDwngI ivc ikhw: ‘vwihgurU Aqy Awpxy gurUAW qoN bwAd mYN kWgrs ƒ mnzUr krdw hW[ mYN ieh S^sI kwrnW kwrn nhIN sgoN ies kr ky mμndw hW ikauik mYN isr& kWgrs ƒ Apxy kOmI mwx qy kOmI svYmwn dI ieko-iek jQybμdI smJdw hW[” (aUDm isMG nwgoky, is`K Drm qy mOjUdw rwjnIqI, s&w 34)[

ies kwn&rμs ivc Swiml hox vwilAW ƒ AkwlI-kWgrs sbμDW qoN Aijhw jwpdw sI ik dovyN kdy vI Alg-Alg nhIN hoxgy[ ieho ijhIAW jzbwqI g`lW, ibAwn qy qkrIrW AkwlI AwgUAW dI bysmJI, kwhlwpx qy CotI soc dI inSwnI sn[ jy kWgrs dI mu^wl&q sI qW h`d drjy dI qy jy ihmwieq sI qW AijhI ik vwihgurU Aqy gurU swihb qoN Aglw nμbr kWgrs dw sI[ ieho ijhw jzbwqI-kwhlwpx qy joS AkwlI dl vwsqy Gwtyvμdy swibq hoxy hI sn[ kuJ icr vwsqy qW dovyN jQybμdIAW iek-sur ijhw ho ky (Swied auproN-auproN) cl rhIAW jwpIAW pr, kWgrs ivc bYTy AwrIAw smwjI qy hor i&rkU ihμdU AμdroN-AμdrIN…[

1939 dy vrHy ivc pμjwb dI isAwsq ivc Aihm qbdIlIAW AweIAW[ 30 jnvrI ƒ AkwlI ihmieq vwly fwktr sY&-au~d-dIn ikclU pμjwb kWgrs dy pRDwn cuxy gey[ Awl ieμfIAw kWgrs dI cox ivc 31 jnvrI 1939 dy idn suBwS cμdr bos, gWDI dI ihmwieq vwly aumIdvwr p`twBI sIqw rm`ieAw dy 1286 votW dIAW mukwbly 1495 votW lY ky 209 votW dy &rk nwl pRDwn cuxy gey (AkwlI pqRkw, 2 &rvrI 1939)[ suBwS bos dy cuxy jwx ’qy nrm dl dy v`lB BweI ptyl, AcwrIAw ikRplwnI, fwktr rwijμdr pRswd, BUlw BweI dysweI, syT jmnw dws, mOlwnw Azwd Aqy hwry aumIdvwr ny AsqI&y dy id`qy[

ieDr 15 &rvrI 1939 ƒ SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbμDk kmytI dIAW coxW dy pUry nqIjy Aw gey sn[ AkwlI dl ny bVI BwrI ij`q hwisl kIqI sI (AkwlI pqRkw, 17 &rvrI 1939)[ ienHIN hI pμjwb AYNsblI ivc iek ZYr-AkwlI mYNbr it`kw jgjIq isμG ny gurduAwrw qrmImI ib`l pyS kIqw[ ies ivc SRomxI kmytI au~pr iek “kμtrol borf” bxwey jwx dI md sI[ AkwlI dl ny ies ib`l dI inμdw kIqI qy 19 mwrc ƒ “it`kw-ib`l ivroDI idn” mnwieAw igAw[
27 mwrc 1939 dy idn AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny ‘‘Akwl rjmMt” dy nW iek vwlμtIAr &Oj bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ mwstr qwrw isμG Akwl rjmMt dy pihly cI& Aw& AwrmI bxwey gey[ AkwlI dl vloN irAwsqW ivc, ^ws kr ky pitAwlw ivc, suDwrW dI mμg kIqI geI[ ieh vI mμg kIqI geI ik irAwsqW ivc mulwzmqW ivc is`KW vwsqy G`t sItW hn, ies kr ky vD is`K mulwzmW dI BrqI kIqI jwey[ (AkwlI pqRkw, 29 mwrc 1939)
16 meI 1939 ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny mqw pws kIqw ik gurduAwirAW Aqy AkwlI dl dw hr syvwdwr pwhulIAw (AμimRqDwrI) hovy[ 28 jUn AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny &rIdkot irAwsq ivc is`KW ivru`D ho rhIAW izAwdqIAW qy i&kr zwihr kIqw[ pihlI AkqUbr ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny is`KW ƒ &Oj ivc vD QW dyx dI mμg kIqI[ iesy qrHW mulwzmqW ivc is`KW ƒ vD ih`sw qy vwiesrwey dI kONsl ivc iek is`K mYˆbr Swiml krn dw mqw vI pws kIqw igAw[ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny iskμdr vzwrq dy pμjwb ivc pYdw kIqy GtIAw mwhOl dI vI inMdw kIqI[

dunIAW dI dUjI v`fI jμg, &Oj ivc is`KW dI BrqI qy is`KW dw AMgryzW nwl imlvrqx
ihtlr ny pihlI sqμbr 1939 dy idn polYNf ’qy hmlw kr id`qw do idn mgroN ibRitS pwReIm minstr cYˆbrlyn ny vI ies jμg ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ieμ\ brqwnvI Bwrq vI 3 sqμbr 1939 dy idn hI jμg ivc Swiml ho igAw[

Bwrq ivc jμg dy bwry v`K-v`K iksm dI soc sI[ kWgrs jμg bwry nw-imlvrqx kr rhI sI[ AkwlI dl ivc kuJ kWgrs dy ihmwieqI sn Aqy kuJ jμg ivc imlvrqx dyx dy hwmI sn[ ienHIN idnIN hI sr isμkdr ny jMg ivc muslmwnW v`loN AMgryzW dI pUrI ihmwieq dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ aus ny pihloN vI, meI 1939 ivc (jdoN jμg dy Ajy Awswr hI bx rhy sn) pμjwb AsYNblI ivc ‘pμjwb jμg smyN AμgryzW dI mdd krygw’ dw mqw iek-rwey nwl pws krvw ilAw sI[ (Awr. kUplYNf, ieMfIAn pwlyitks 1936-42, s&w 43)[ iesy vrgw AYlwn aus ny 25 Agsq 1939 dy idn Pyr kIqw[ do mhIny bwAd nvμbr ivc aus ny Aijhw iek hor mqw pμjwb AsYNblI ivc ilAWdw, ijhVw 39 dy mukwbly 104 votW nwl pws ho igAw[ ies mqy ivc ies XkIn dI vI mMg kIqI ik srkwr jMg mgroN Bwrq nUM fumInIAn styts dyvygI Aqy Gt-igxqIAW dI rwKI dw AYlwn vI krygI[

AkwlI dl ny vI mOkw sμBwlx vwsqy ies pwsy vl kdm cuky[ pihlI AkqUbr 1939 dy idn AμimRqsr ivc mwstr qwrw isμG dI pRDwngI hyT iek BwrI is`K iek`T hoieAw[ ies ivc AkwlI dl ny mqw pws kIqw ik dl jμg ivc srkwr dI mdd krygw pr nwl hI mMg kIqI ik 1) is`KW ƒ &Oj ivc vD QW id`qI jwvy 2) vwiesrwey dI AYZzYkitv kONsl ivc iek is`K Swiml kIqw jwvy 3) nOkrIAW ivc is`KW ƒ munwisb numwieμdgI id`qI jwvy[ (AkwlI pqRkw, 2 AkqUbr 1939)[

srkwr p`KI is`K AwgUAW dw iek gru`p mhwrwjw pitAwlw ƒ imilAw Aqy aus ƒ ies AOkV dy smyN pμQ dI ‘AgvweI krn’ dI bynqI kIqI[ ies ivc juigμdr isμG mwn AYm.AYl.ey., lY&tInYNt rGbIr isμG, mwstr sujwn isμG Awidk Swiml sn[ AkwlI dl kdoN Aijhw mOkw guAwauxw cwhuμdw sI! dl ny lwhOr ivc iek Awl is`K pwrtIz kwn&rμs bulw leI[ 20 jnvrI 1940 dy idn hoeI ies kwn&rμs ivc bhuq swry is`K AwgUAW ny iml ky Kwlsw if&YNs lIg kwiem kIqI[ ies ‘lIg’ ny AμgryzW ƒ imlvrqx dyx dw AYlwn kr id`qw (rozwnw AkwlI, 21 jnvrI 1940)[

ies AYlwn mgroN gokl cμd nwrμg, nirμdr nwQ, prmw nμd Aqy keI hor ihMdUAW ny vI BwrqIAW ƒ Aμgryz srkwr nwl imlvrqx krn vwsqy ikhw[ 10-11 &rvrI dy idn AkwlI kwn&rμs AtwrI ivc hoeI[ ies ivc AkwlI dl dI nvIN nIm-&OjI jQybμdI Akwl rjmYˆt dy 10,000 is`KW ny jlUs ivc Swiml ho ky ApxI qwkq dI numwieS kIqI[ ies kwn&rμs ny jμg bwry koeI mqw qW nhIN pws kIqw pr 1) pwiksqwn dw ivroD 2) mhwrwjw nwBw dI irhweI 3) pUrI AwzwdI 4) Gt igxqIAW dy h`kW dI rwKI 5) kWgrs dI vrikμg kmytI ivc ie`k is`K mYˆbr lYx dIAW mμgW dy mqy pws kIqy (rozwnw AkwlI, 13 &rvrI 1940)[

5 julweI 1940 dy idn AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny jμg bwry ivcwrW krn vwsqy iek ^u&IAw mIitμg kIqI[ ies mIitμg ivc bhuqy AkwlI AwgU jμg vwsqy imlvrqx dyx dy ihmwieqI sn[ ienHIN idnIN myjr Swrt Aqy jOhn bul dovyN ivcoilAW dy rUp ivc AkwlI AwgUAW ƒ imldy rhy sn Aqy AkwlI-muslm qy AkwlI-Aμgryz smJOqy vwsqy koiSSW krdy rhy sn[ AkwlI cwhuμdy sI ik jμg ivc imlvrqx id`qw jwvy qy is`KW dI &OjW iv`c igxqI vDweI jwvy Aqy ies dy bdly ivc is`KW vwsqy &wiedy qy shUlqW hwisl kIqIAW jwx (rozwnw AkwlI, 6 julweI 1940)[

pr ienHW idnW ivc hI, 13 julweI 1940 dy idn, srgoDy dy sInIAr AkwlI AwgU, bYirstr Avqwr isμG ƒ iksy muslmwn ny Curw ky mwr idqw ijs nwl is`K muslm eykqw dy Awswr Gt gey (rozwnw AkwlI, 15 julweI 1939)[[ 17 julweI ƒ AkwlI kwn&rμs DrdyE ivc muslmwnW dI inμdw kIqI geI Aqy mμg kIqI geI ik sRkwr kWgrs dI AwzwdI vwlI mμg mμn lvy qW jμg vwsqy is`K iek l`K vwlμtIAr dyxgy (itRibaUn, 18 julweI 1940)[

ies vly qk AkwlI dl Aqy kWgrs iek`Ty cl rhy sn[ 23 Agsq 1940 ƒ vwrDw ivKy rwj gopwl AcwrIA (rwjwjI) ny iek ibAwn ivc ikh ik ‘jy Bwrq dI kOMmI srkwr ƒ pRDwn mμqrI muslmwn ƒ vI bxw ky swƒ srkwr iml jwvy qy kWgrs AμgryzW dI mdd kr skdI hY[ rwjwjI dI ies pySkS ivc is`KW vwsqy koeI izkr nhIN sI[ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny 9 sqμbr 1940 dI mIitμg ivc ies dy i^lw& icqwvnI id`qI geI[ AkwlI dl ny mμg kIqI ik:
(1) rwjw jI dI pySkS byiensw&I BrI qy kOmI ih`qW dy ivru`D hY[ (2) kWgrs pwrtI ƒ pwiksqwn bwry AwpxI puzISn sw& krnI cwhIdI hY[(3) is`KW dy h`kW dI rwKI kIqI jwvy[ (itRibaUn, 11 sqMbr 1940)[
Agsq 1940 hI mwstr qwrw isμG ny kWgrs pRDwn mOlwnw Awzwd ƒ ilKy iek ^q ivc &Oj ivc is`KW dI vDyry BrqI dI g`l AwKI hoeI sI[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny ies dI iek kwpI gWDI ƒ vI Byj idqI sI[ gWDI ny mwstr qwrw isμG dI ic`TI dy jvwb ivc ieh vI iliKAw:
“You have nothing in common with Congress — you believe in the rule of sword, the Congress does not…” (‘quhwfy Aqy kWgrs ivc kuJ vI sWJw nhIN[ qusIN ikrpwn ivc XkIn rKdy ho qy kWgrs nhIN)[ (itRibaUn, 14 sqMbr 1940)[

ies ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG ny gWDI nwl hoeI ^qo-i^qwbq pRYs ƒ irlIz krn dy nwl hI 12 sqμbr 1940 ƒ kOmI qy sUbweI kWgrs qoN AsqI&y dy id`qy[ pr 18 sqμbr 1940 ƒ mwstr qwrw isμG ny AYlwn kIqw ik kWgrs qoN myrw AsqI&w S^sI hY AkwlI dl kWgrs dy nwl hI rhygw[ (itRibaUn, 20 sqMbr 1940)[

28 sqμbr 1940 ƒ AkwlI dl dI vrikμg kmytI ny gWDI dy is`KW sbμDI l&zW dI inμdw kIqI qy mμg kIqI ik kWgrs mOlwnw Awzwd dy ibAwn bwry AwpxI pujISn sw& kry[ AkwlI dl ny 1929 dy is`KW ƒ id`qy Brosy Xwd r`Kx leI ikhw Aqy rwjw jI dI pySkS dw ivroD kIqw (rozwnw AkwlI, 30 sqMbr 1940)[

15 AkqUbr 1940 ƒ nihrU ny vI iek ibAwn ivc is`K AwgUAW ƒ AμgryzW nwl imlvrqx jW kWgrs dw swQ ivcoN ie`k rwh cuxn vwsqy ikhw[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 16 AkqUbr 1940)[ pr, gWDI Aqy nihrU dy vqIry dy bwvjUd AkwlI dl qy kWgrs iek`Ty cldy rhy nw PurmwnI dI ihmwieq bwry mqw pws kIqw[ ies vyly AkwlI dl dy prDwn qyjw isμG AkrpurI sn[
31 dsμbr 1940 ƒ iek AkwlI kwn&rμs &iqhgVH ivc hoeI[ ies ivc igAwnI krqwr isμG, eISr isμG mJYl Awidk ny kWgrsI rol ƒ nw-psμd krn sbμDI qkrIrW kIqIAW[ mwstr AjIq isμG AμbwlvI ny ikhw ik ‘‘Aihμsw is`K isDWqW dy ivru`D hY[ is`K gurUAW ny keI vwrI Apxy isDWqW dI rwKI vwsqy qy zwlm dw mukwblw krn vwsqy ihMsw dI vrqoN kIqI hY[” (itRibaUn, 1 jnvrI 1941)[

kuJ is`K AwgUAW ny gWDI dy i^lw& ibAwn zrUr id`qy pr auh vI nrm-nrm ijhy pr ies dy bwvjUd auh gWDI nUM Awpxw lIfr mMnx lg pey[ eynI kU sUJ sI AkwlI AwgUAW ivc ik auh Awpxw gu`Jw duSmx vI nhIN sn pihcwxdy qy nw hI auh jurAq rKdy sn ik ieho ijhy dMBI, byeImwn qy DoKybwz nUM r`d kr skdy[ sB qoN AjIb rol sI Amr isMG Jbwl DVw, aUDm isMG nwgoky DVw, mMgl isMG, hIrw isMG drd vrgy AwgUAW dw joo ies sB dy bwvjUd gWDI nUM hI sB kuJ mMndy sn qy aunHW nUM aus dw i&rkU qy AYNtI-is`K rol vI JMJoVdw nhIN sI[ ieh hwlq sI Aihmk is`K cODrIAW dI[ ieh loK mUrKwnw h`d q`k kWgrs qy gWDI dI pYrokwrI hI nhIN cwplUsI qk krdy sn[ (vDyry q&sIl vyKo: ipClw cYptr, gWDI dI is`K Drm nwl n&rq)[
jnvrI 1941 ivc pμjwb dy pRwiemrI skUlW ivc aurdU ƒ pVHweI dw mIfIAm bxw id`qw igAw[ AkwlI dl ny 14 jnvrI ƒ ies dw ivroD kIqw qy pμjwbI ƒ mIfIAm bxwaux dI mμg kIqI[ dUjy pwsy it`kw jgjIq isμG dy nvyN pμQ ivroDI gurduAwrw ib`l dw vI iq`Kw ivroD kIqw igAw[ it`kw jgjIq isμG dy ib`l ivc SRomxI kmytI au~pr iek borf dI ingrwnI r`KI geI sI[ ies borf ivc cI& Kwlsw dIvwn, AYm.AYl.eyz is`K irAwsqW dy numwieμdy, isμG sBwvW, gurduAwrw kmytIAW, srkwr Awidk dw iek-iek numwieμdw lY ky SRomxI kmytI dy kμm dI ingrwnI kIqI jwxI sI (itRibaUn, 15 jnvrI 1941)[

20 jnvrI 1941 dy idn srkwrI d&qrw Aqy skUlW zbwn dy svwl (pMjwbI qy aurdU dy msly) dy bwry pμjwb srkwr ny ‘styts koA’ dw AYlwn dr id`qw[ ies kr dy AkwlI dl dI ies bwry iskμdr nwl t`kr huμdI-huμdI rih geI[ 15 &rvrI 1941 ƒ AkwlI kwn&rμs ruVkw klW (jlμDr) ivKy hoeI[ ies ivc kOmI srkwr dI mμg, pwiksqwn dI inKyDI Aqy XUinAinst srkwr qoN AsqI&y dI mμg dy mqy pws kIqy gey[ AkwlI dl ny Jtky dI iejwzq Aqy Dwrimk QWvW ƒ jwiedwd dy tYks qoN Cot dI mμg vI kIqI[ (rozwnw AkwlI, 16 Aqy 24 &rvrI 1941)[ AkwlI dl ny is`K pCVIAW zwqW nwl cμgy slUk qy ihμdUAW vWg aunHW ƒ h`k dyx dI mμg vI kIqI[ it`ly dy gurduAwrw ib`l dw ivroD qy ies nUM pws kIqy jwx ’qy jdojihd krn dy AYlwn dw mqw vI pws kIqw[ (itRibaUn, 18 &rvrI 1941)[ 22 &rvrI ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny Jtkw, gurmuKI, Dwrimk AdwirAW dI tYks qoN Cot svwlW qy srkwr ƒ AltImytm dy id`qw[

21 julweI 1941 ƒ vwiesrwey ny ApxI kONsl ivc mYNbr vDw ley pr iek vI is`K Swiml nw kIqw[ is`KW ny ies dI BrvIN mu^wlPæq kIqI[ AkwlI dl ny 10 Agsq 1941 dy idn iek Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs bulw leI[ ies idn qyjw isμG smuμdrI hwl AμimRqsr ivc bldyv isμG dI pRDwngI hyT bVw v`fw iek`T hoieAw[ ies ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, sr joigμdrw isμG, sμq isμG AYm.pI., au~jl isMG, soFI hrnwm isμG, Awqmw isμG reIs nwmDwrI, dsONDw isμG vzIr pμjwb, sμpUrn isμG AYm.AYL.ey, joigμdr isμG mwn AYm.AYl.ey., pRIqm isμG is`DU, fwktr rxDIr isμG Aqy keI hor is`K AwgU Swiml hoey[ mIitμg ny vwiesrwey dI kONsl ivc is`K nμmwieμdw lYx Aqy Jtky dI iejwzq Aqy XUinAinst srkwr ivruD byivswhI dw mqw pws kIqw[ ies mqy ’qy vyly dw vzIr dsONDw isμG vwk AwaUt kr igAw[ ies kwn&rμs dI ihmwieq rwey bhwdr ivswKw isμG, pμjwb AsYNblI ivc ApozISn dy lIfr sμqoK isμG Aqy rGbIr isμG rwjwsWsI ny vI kIqI (itRibaUn, 11 Agsq 1941)[

mμgl isμG (jo nihrU irport ’qy dsq^q krn mgroN muV pμQ vl nhIN muiVAw sI) ny ies mμg ’qy mwstr qwrw isμG ƒ iliKAw ik ‘‘Awaux vwly qwrI^dwn ieh ilKxgy ik AYZzYkitv kONsl ivc is`KW ny sIt mμg ky is`KW dw Jμfw dunIAW dIAW ingwhW ivc nIvW kIqw hY[” (itRibaUn, 11 Agsq 1941)[ 10 Agsq 1941 ƒ au~jl isμG ny, is`K mYNbr nw ley jwx ’qy ros vjoN, pwrlImYNtrI sYktrI dy Ahudy qoN AsqI&w dy id`qw[ (itRibaUn, 12 Agsq 1941)[

2 sqμbr ƒ Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs dI 15 mYNbrI vrikμg kmytI dw AYlwn kIqw[ mwstr qwrw isμG dI AgvweI ivc ies kmytI dy pRDwn bldyv isμG qy sk`qr au~jl isμG bxy[ sr joigμdr isμG, lY&tInYNt rGbIr isμG, ivswKw isμG, aUDm isμG nwgoky, igAwnI krqwr isμG, eISr isμG mJYl, qyjw isμG AkrpurI, sμqoK isμG, sμq isμG AYm.pI, hrnwm isμG AYfvokyt, ipR: inrμjn isμG, bwbU lwB isμG mYNbr sn[ (itRibaUn, 4 sqMbr 1941)[

ienHIN idnIN btwly qoN (suμdr isμG mjITw dI mOq kwrn ^wlI hoeI sIt ’qy) AkwlI aumIdvwr gurb^S isμG AYfvokyt ny suμdr isμG mjITw dy pu`qr ikrpwl isμG mjITw ƒ hrwieAw Aqy is`KW ivc AkwlI dl dw bolbwlw swibq kIqw[ ies vwr coxW ivc sr CotU rwm ny is`KW ivc j`t qy ZYr-j`t dy svwl qy Pu`t pwaux dI r`jvIN koiSS kIqI pr aus ƒ Gto-Gt aus vkq qW kwmXwbI nw hoeI (itRibaUn, 29 sqMbr 1941)[ ies Pu`t dw bIA bwAd ivc, 1960 qoN bwAd (pRqwp isMG kYroN dI swizS hyT) &YilAw qy is`KI Aqy SRomxI AkwlI dl dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw[

20 AkqUbr 1941 ƒ Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs ny &Yslw kIqw ik swry is`K iek`Ty rihx Aqy XUinAinst pwrtI qoN is`K mYNbr bwhr Aw jwx[ pr ieho ijhIAW DmkIAW Aqy mqy is`KW ƒ koeI &wiedw nw phuμcw sky[

aunHIN idnIN pwiksqwn dw nwArw bVw hrmn ipAwrw ho irhw sI ijs ’qy kuJ ihμdU AwgU eykqw mulk dI eykqw dy nW ’qy kwn&rμsW kr rhy sn[ ieho jhIAW keI kwn&rμsW hoeIAW[ 2 nvμbr 1941 ƒ luiDAwxy ivc iek AijhI kwn&rμs hoeI ijs ivc dyS dI eykqw leI ksm Kwx vwilAW ivc ky.AYm. munSI Aqy mwstr qwrw isμG vI sn (itRibaUn, 3 nvMbr 1941)[ AijhI iek kwn&rμs 30 nvμbr 1941 ƒ lwhOr ivc, dUjI ‘ihμdU-is`K lIfrz kwn&rμs’ dy nW hyT 7 dsμbr 1941 ƒ AμimRqsr dy qyjw isμG smuμdrI hwl ivKy Aqy qIjI 15 dsμbr 1941 ƒ lwhOr ivc vI hoeI[ ienHW kwn&rμsW ivc ihμdU AwgU is`KW koloN (1) mulk dI eykqw dy nwAry luAwaux (2) pwiksqwn dI skIm dw ivroD krvwaux Aqy (3) Kwilsqwn dI mμg qoN dUr r`Kx ivc kwmXwb ho rhy sn[ auN\ koeI is`KW dy mu&wd jW ihqW bwry koeI nhIN sI socdw[
1941 swl ivc is`K eykqw dI iek imswl zrUr swhmxy AweI ik igAwnI Syr isMG Aqy mwstr qwrw isμG 15 swl bwAd iPr iek ho gey[ 16 nvμbr 1941 ƒ dohW AwgUAW ny ‘‘swfy AwpsI &rk ^qm ho gey hn” dw sWJw ibAwn id`qw (itRibaUn, 18 nvMbr 1941)[

ikRps imSn
1942 dw swl Bwrq ivc Aihm isAwsI qbdIlI ƒ nwl lY ky AwieAw[ 22 mwrc 1942 dy idn krwcI ivc sr stY&orf ikRps dI AgvweI ivc iek srkwrI numwieMdw kimSn (ikRps imSn) phuμicAw (itRibaUn, 23 mwrc 1942)[ id`lI pμhuc ky 23 mwrc 1942 ƒ ies ny BwrqIAW ƒ fomInIAn styts dI pySkS kIqI (itRibaUn, 24 mwrc 1942)[

pihlW 23 mwrc 1940 nUM musilm lIg ny muslmwnW vwsqy Awzwd mulk pwiksqwn dI kwiemI dw mqw pws kr id`qw hoieAw sI[ aunHW ƒ vyK ky is`KW ivc vI ihljul hox lg peI sI[ ies dy nwl-nwl jμg ny vI nvW moV lY ilAw[ jpwn ny 7 dsμbr 1941 ƒ prl bμdrgwh qy kbzw kr ilAw[ iPr 15 &rvrI 1942 ƒ isμGwpur Aqy 7 mwrc 1942 ƒ rμgUn vI AμgryzW h`QoN inkl gey[ ies hwlq ƒ vyK ky ieμglYNf dy nvyN pRweIm minstr sr ivμstn cricl ny 11 mwrc 1942 ƒ sr stY&orf ikRps dI AgvweI hyT Bwrq dy msilAW ƒ smJx Aqy h`l krn vwsqy iek kimSn bxwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ kuJ hI idnW ivc ies ikRps imSn ny Apxw kμm SurU kr id`qw[

ikRps imSn 23 mwrc 1942 ƒ id`lI phuμicAw[ ikRps ny Bwrq ƒ ‘fUmInIAn styts’ dI pySkS kIqI[ ies ivc ihμdUAW Aqy muslmwnW dy h`kW dI rwKI kIqI sI pr is`KW sbμDI koeI crcw nhIN sI[ 24 qoN 29 mwrc qk id`lI ‘c Bwrq Br dIAW isAwsI pwrtIAW dy AwgUAW nwl ikRps dIAW mulwkwqW huμdIAW rhIAW[ ies kr ky ienHW idnW ivc vihlw klW ivc hox vwlI AkwlI kwn&rμs vI mulqvI krnI peI[

ikRps dI pySkS mgroN, 31 mwrc 1942 dy idn, swry is`KW vloN SRomxI AkwlI dl ny, iek mYmorMfm ikRps imSn ƒ id`qw (rozwnw AkwlI, 2 ApRYl 1942, (itRibaUn, 1 ApRYl 1942)[ ies ivc ikhw igAw sI, ‘ikRps dI pySkS bwry, fUμGI ivcwr mgroN, AsIN Bwrq dI AKμfqw Aqy is`K hwlwq ƒ mu`K rKdy hoey, mihsUs krdy hW ik ieh mnzUr krn dy kwibl nhIN hn ikauNik: ieh Bwrq dI eykqw ƒ qwkqvr krn jW kwiem rKx dI QW, dyS dy sUibAW ƒ v`K-v`K krn qy pwiksqwn bxwaux ivc mdd dyNdIAW hn[ (2) is`KW dw svwl bhuq burI qrHW A`KoN auhly kIqw igAw hY[ AμgryzI rwj dy SurU qoN Aj qk, swfI kOm ny, hr mOky ’qy, hr jμg ivc, vD qoN vD qy sBnW qoN A`gy ho ky, ih`sw pwieAw hY, ijs ƒ iblkul nzr-Aμdwz kIqw igAw hY[’
‘isr& bhu-igxqI dI ibnwA qy iek sUby ivc iksy kOm ƒ swry hkUk ikauN id`qy jwx? ikauN nw ieh vI kIqw jwvy ik ijhVy lok iek Zlby hyT nhIN rihxw cwhuμdy auh Awpxw v`Krw Awzwd sUbw kwiem r`K skx[ pμjwb Asl ivc ijhlm dy kμiFAW q`k hI hY[ Jμg qy mulqwn qW mhwrwjw rxjIq isμG mgroN AμgryzW ny pRbμD dy ilhwz nwl pμjwb dw ih`sw hI r`K ley sn[ AsIN Awpxw p`K swbq krn vwsqy hyT ilKy sbUq pyS krdy hW:

id`lI qoN rwvI dirAw q`k dI AwbwdI 1,21,50,000
muslmwn 45,05,000
is`K qy ZYr muslmwn 76,46,000
id`lI qoN ijhlm dirAw qk dI AwbwdI 1,76,36,000
muslmwn 82,88,000
is`K qy ZYr muslmwn 93,48,000

ies qoN ibnW pitAwlw, jINd, nwBw, &rIdkot, kpUrQlw dIAW is`K irAwsqW dI 26 l`K dI AwbwdI ivc muslmwn isr& 20 &I sdI hI hn[ AsIN vDyry kuJ nhIN kihxw cwhuμdy, pr AsIN hr aus kdm dw ivroD krWgy ijs hyT pμjwb ƒ bwkI Bwrq qoN v`Krw r`Kx dI hrkq kIqI jwvygI[ 1849 qk is`K pμjwb dy hwkm sn[ pμjwb dI AwbwdI dI swFy qyrHW &I sdI ih`sw, 37 l`K 50 hzwr is`K, pμjwb dw kul 25 &I sdI tYks qy 40 &I sdI mwlIAw dyNdy hn[ ies qoN ibnW 4 kwlj qy 400 skUl vI is`K Awpxy hI ^rc ’qy clwauNdy hn[ is`KW dy gurduAwry hr pwsy &Yly hoey hn[ mONt&orf irport ny (163 pYry ivc) is`KW sbμDI iliKAw sI ik ‘pμjwb ivc jo irAwieq muslmwnW ƒ dyxI hY auh is`KW ƒ ienkwr krnI muSikl hY[’

sweImn kimSn muqwibk, ‘ieh hYrwnI vwlI g`l hY ik ies CotI ijhI kOm ny pihlI v`fI jμg vwsqy 80 hzwr qoN vI v`D ispwhI id`qy ijhVy Bwrq dI hor iksy vI kOm dy kul ih`sy qoN vDyry hY[’ (hwlW ik audoN &Oj ivc is`KW dI qwdwd 1 l`K 21 hzwr 500 dy krIb sI)[ eynI G`t AwbwdI dy bwvjUd is`KW dw ih`sw kmwl hY[ 1932 dy i&rkU PYsly ny is`KW nwl byiensw&I kIqI[ au~qr prdyS ivc 14.8 &I sdI muslmwnW ƒ 30 &I sdI sItW imlIAW pr ies dy mukwbly ivc pμjwb ivc 13.5 &I sdI is`KW ƒ isr& 18.8 &I sdI sItW imlIAw[ iesy qrHW sUby dI suprIm AYZzYkitv ivc vI is`KW dw ih`sw 33% hoxw cwhIdw hY qy iksy hwlq ivc vI 25% qoN G`t nhIN hoxw cwhIdw…[

is`KW v`loN ikRps imSn ƒ pyS kIqy gey mYmorμfm ivc ikhw igAw ik “AsIN mihsUs krdy hW ik hyT ilKy h`k is`KW ƒ zrUr imlxy cwhIdy hn:
1. mOjUdw pμjwb dIAW h`dW dI nvyN isirEN vμf kr ky jlμDr qy Aμbwlw ifvIznW ivc AμimRqsr, gurdwspur qy lwhOr izly Swiml kr ky v`K sUbw bxwieAw jwvy[
2. sUibAW ivc is`K G`t igxqI ƒ auvyN hI nuμmwiedμgI id`qI jwvy ijvyN bwkI sUibAW ivc muslmwnW ƒ id`qI jwxI hY[
3. jdoN q`k i&rkU coxW clxIAW hn sUibAW ivc kulISn-vzwrqW bxweIAW jwx[
4. sYNtr ivc is`KW ƒ 5 &I sdI numwieμdgI imly[
5. sYNtr dI vzwrq ivc iek is`K zrUr ilAw jwvy[
6. BwrqI r`iKAw vzwrq dy slwhkwr borf ivc iek is`K zrUr hovy[
7. &OjW ivc is`KW dI igxqI aunHW dy bIqy irkwrf dy ihswb nwl kwiem r`KI jwvy[
8. mulkI qy sUbweI mulwzmqW ivc muslmwnW vwg is`KW ƒ h`k qy rwKvW kotw id`qw jwvy[
9. is`KW sbμDI kwƒn kyvl is`KW dI bhu igxqI dy ADwr ’qy hI soDy jwx[
10. is`K rIqIAW Aqy Dwrimk AkIdy bwry koeI pwbμdI nw lweI jwvy[
11. srkwr pμjwbI bolI qy gurmuKI il`pI dI lwzmI pVHweI dw ieμqzwm kry[”

ieh mYmorMfm sr ikRps ƒ is`K AwgUAW vloN 31 mwrc 1942 ƒ pyS kIqw igAw[
2 ApRYl 1942 ƒ sYNtrl AkwlI dl dy AwgU bwbw KVk isμG ny ikRps dI pySkS ƒ pUrI qrHW Tukrwaux vwsqy ikhw, ikauNik: ‘is`KW dy svwl qy ieh skIm nw kbUl krn dy kwibl hY, ikauNik ies nwl is`K iek nw-bdlI jw skx vwlI AksrIAq dy pUrI qrHW mwqhq ho jwxgy[’ (itRibaUn, 3 ApRYl 1942)[

8 ApRYl 1942 dy idn Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rμs ny AμimRqsr ivc pws kIqw ik ‘AsIN pμjwb ƒ pwiksqwn nhIN bxn idAWgy[’ ies kwn&rμs ivc mwstr qwrw isμG, igAwnI krqwr isμG, cMnx isμG aurwVw, hrcrn isμG huifAwrw, qyjw isμG AkrpurI, igAwnI Syr isμG, bwbU lwB isμG, drSn isμG &yrUmwn vZYrw ny ih`sw ilAw[ kwn&rμs ny pws kIqw: (1) AsIN mihsUs krdy hW ik ikRps skIm ADUrI qy Zlq hY ikauNik BwrqI XUnIAn qoN v`K hox dw h`k bwlZ bhu-sμmqI ’qy hoxw ^qrnwk hY[ ies dw mqlb hY pwiksqwn dI kwiemI Aqy Gt igxqIAW, ^ws kr ky pμjwb ivc is`KW, dy h`kW dw kuclxw[ (2) is`K pwiksqwn nhIN bxn dyxgy (itRibaUn, 9 ApRYl 1942)[

ies qrHW dy protYst qkrIbn hr pwsy hoey[ ieμ\ ikRps iksy vI i&rky ƒ ^uS nw kr sikAw Aqy 11 ApRYl 1942 ƒ brqwnvI srkwr ny ‘ikRps pySkS’ vwps lY leI[

24 julweI 1942 ƒ Awl ieμfIAw AkwlI kwn&rμs (jo mwrc ivc hoxI sI pr ikRps kimSn dy Awaux kr ky mulqvI krnI peI sI) vihlw klW ivc hoeI[ ies ivc AkwlI dl ny pμjwb dIAW h`dW dI muV vμf krn dI mμg kIqI qW jo do ih`sy, muslm qy gYr muslm AksrIAq, v`K-v`K ho jwx[

au~Dr 8 Agsq ƒ bμbeI ivc kWgrs ny ‘Bwrq C`fo’ dw nwArw lw id`qw[ AglI svyr ƒ bhuq swry AwgU jylHW ivc f`k id`qy gey[ AkwlI dl ivc ies sbμDI do i^Awl sn[ mwstr qwrw isμG ny ies dw ivroD kIqw pr muswi&r, kYroN, &yrUmwn ny nwgoky vZYrw ny ihmwieq kIqI qy iZRPqwrIAW vI id`qIAW[ 26 sqμbr 1942 ƒ lwielpur dI AkwlI kwn&rμs ivc mwstr qwrw isμG ny ‘‘gWDI dy hwsohIxy Aihμsw dy isDwq dw mzwk aufwauNidAW is`KW ƒ Awpxy h`kW dw i^Awl r`Kx dI cyqwvnI id`qI[ mwstr jI ny ikhw ik ieh vkqI joS is`KW dy BivK vwsqy Gwty-vμdw hY[’’

AkwlI-kWgrs tkrwA kwrn muslm AwgU is`KW dy nyVy Awaux l`g pey pr is`K pwiksqwn nwl imlx vwsqy ieko Srq ’qy iqAwr sn ik jdoN is`K cwhux audoN hI v`Kry ho skx[ ijnwh ieh kbUl krn vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ hwlW ik igAwnI krqwr isμG ies vwsqy bQyrw zor lwauNdw irhw sI[ muslmwn qW sn hI i&rkU pr kWgrs vI qW ‘‘is`KW dI kImq ’qy muslmwnW ƒ ^uS krn dI koiSS kr rhI sI[’’ (gurbcn isMG AYNf lwl isMG, d AwiefIAw Aw& is`K styt, s&w 9)[

bldyv isμG dw vzIr bxnw (iskMdr bldyv isMG pYkt)
SRomxI AkwlI dl dI kwiemI qoN 1942 qk ies dI Aμgryz srkwr nwl ^Ub t`kr cldI rhI[ AkwlI dl dUjy muhwzW qy srkwr-pRsqW (cI& Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI) nwl vI lVdw irhw[ lVweI dw iek hor muhwz sI: muslmwn pwrtIAW[ dUjI v`fI jμg dy SurU hox ip`CoN AkwlI AwgUAW ny is`KW ƒ &Oj ivc KUb BrqI krvwieAw[ ies nwl &Oj ivc is`KW dI igxqI kw&I vD geI pr ies nwl iek hor nqIjw ieh vI inkilAw ik kuJ AkwlI AwgU srkwr dy nyVy Aw gey[ aUDm isμG nwgoky muqwibk mwrc 1942 ivc mwstr qwrw isμG dI Kwlsw kwlj AμimRqsr ivc gvrnr pμjwb nwl iek Aihm mulwkwq hoeI sI[ ies dOrwn myjr Swrt dw rol bhuq hI Aihm sI[ aus ny is`KW Aqy XUnIAinst pwrtI ivc iek ivcoly dw rol Adw kIqw[ is`KW qy muslmwnW ivc smJOqw iek suhxI SurUAwq sI, ijs ƒ, jy isAwxp qy AklmμdI nwl clwieAw jWdw, qW bhuq hI &wiedymμd ho skdw sI[

AkwlIAW Aqy Aμgryz-p`KI XUnIAnistW dw smJOqw hox dy do kwrn sn[ pihlw Aqy mu`K kwrn ieh sI ik is`KW vloN pwiksqwn dw ivroD qy srkwr ivru`D hr AYjItySn ivc is`KW dw Aihm ih`sw huμdw sI, ies kr ky is`KW ƒ nrm krnw zrUrI sI[ dUjw vkqI kwrn sI 1940 ivc suμdr isμG mjITw dI mOq[ mjITw ny AwpxI S^sIAq dI vjh kr ky srkwr ivc ^ws QW hwisl kIqI hoeI sI[ aus dI sIt qy hoeI izmnI cox ivc aus dw pu`qr ikrpwl isμG AkwlIAW h`QoN hwr igAw[ ies mgroN dsONDw isμG pμjwb ivc vzIr bixAw[ dsONDw isμG ƒ au~jl isμG dI QW vzIr bxwieAw jwxw Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI vwsqy Gwtyvμdw sI[ hwlW ik au~jl isMG nUM vzIr nw bxwey jwx dw kwrn ieh sI ik au~jl isμG ZYr-j`t sI qy dsONDw isμG j`t sI[ pr, dsONDw isμG iek kmzor qy nwAihl vzIr swbq hoieAw[

dsONDw isμG nw isr& kmzor hI sI blik aus dy vzIr bnx nwl Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI dw gr`up vI tu`t igAw[ ies dw &wiedw bldyv isμG, jo iek srmweydwr pr bYk-bYNcr sI, ƒ hoieAw[ aus ny Kwlsw nYSnilst pwrtI, AkwlI dl dy Aqy kuJ Azwd mYˆbrW ƒ nwl rlw ky iek nvW grup kwiem kr ilAw[ bldyv isμG ny, myjr Swrt dy imlvrqx nwl, sr iskμdr nwl Aμdr-Kwqy smJOqw krnw SurU kr id`qw[ sr iskμdr ny vI vkq dIAW is`K mμgW bwry Awpxy ivcwr iek hmdrd vjoN pyS krny SurU kr id`qy[

A^Ir 15 jUn 1942 dy idn sr iskμdr Aqy bldyv isμG ivc hoieAw smJOqw pbilk ivc AwieAw[ ies smJOqy dy nqIjy vjoN 26 jUn 1942 ƒ bldyv isμG ny vzIr dy Ahudy dw hl& lY ilAw[ bldyv isμG muqwibk sr iskμdr ny Jtky dI iejwzq, gurmuKI dI pVHweI, Dwrimk mwmilAW bwry kwƒn, sYNtr ivc is`KW dI nuμmwieμdgI Aqy srkwrI nOkrIAW ivc is`KW dI BrqI bwry smJOqw kIqw[

ies smJOqy ƒ bwAd ivc ‘iskμdr-bldyv isμG pYkt’ dy nW nwl Xwd kIqw igAw[ ies pYkt bwry v`K-v`K hlikAW ivc v`K-v`K ivcwr Awey[ kWgrs ƒ sB qoN vDyry Jtkw ligAw[ kWgrsIAW Aqy hor ihμdU AwgUAW ny ies ƒ iek ‘fu`bdI ikSqI vwlI srkwr ivc svwr hoxw’ ikhw[ kuJ AwrIAw smwjIAW Anuswr Aw^rI swhW ’qy AweI srkwr dw kmzor shwrw sI (itRibaUn, 14 jUn 1942)[ kimaUinstW Anuswr ieh jgIrdwrW qy srmweydwrW dw, grIbW au~pr tYksW dw boJ pwaux vwsqy kIqw smJOqw sI (itRibaUn, 1 julweI 1942)[

pr mwstr qwrw isμG muqwibk ieh smJOqw AkwlI dl dw nhIN sI blik do S^sIAqW, bldyv isμG Aqy iskμdr, dw injI smJOqw sI[ drAsl mwstr qwrw isμG ieh kih ky s`c qoN ip`Cy htxw cwhuμdy sn, ikauNik jy AkwlI dl ies smJOqy dw ivroDI huμdw qW smJOqy vwly AYm.AYl.eyz. ƒ kwrn d`so noits jwrI ho skdy sn[ hukm nw mMnx vwly dl ’coN k`Fy vI jw skdy sn[ hW, ieh kihxw TIk hovygw ik ieh ‘Aw&ISIAl’ smJOqw nhIN sI[

ies smJOqy dw is`KW ƒ v`fw &wiedw ieh hoieAw ik vwiesrwey dI AYZjYkitv kONsl dy 8 dI QW 9 mYNbr ho gey[ nOvW mYNbr joigμdrw isμG ƒ ilAw igAw Aqy aus ƒ ishq, is`iKAw qy zmInW dw mihkmw id`qw igAw[ ijhVI g`l is`K mqy pws kr ky qy AYjItySnW nwl nw mMnvw sky, auh ies smJOqy ny pUrI krvw id`qI[ is`K Aijhw kuJ keI mOikAW qy K`t skdy sn pr ‘rOlw pwaU’ Aμsr Aqy bymuhwry joS vwly, dUijAW dI cu`k ivc Aw ky aunHW ^wiqr Apxw pμQk eyjμfw C`fx vwly, AKOqI-nYSnilst AwgU, Aksr rwh ivc rukwvt bx jWdy sn[

ies smJOqy nwl hux is`KW ƒ keI pwsy Jtky dI KulH ho geI[ Dwrimk p`K qoN AwzwdI ivc bhuq vwDw hoieAw[ 20 &I sdI nOkrIAW irzrv ho geIAW[ ies swry kuJ dw kwrn iskμdr-bldyv isμG smJOqw hI sI[

keI AwgUAW ny ieh smJOqw quVvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI pr aunHW ƒ kwmXwbI nw imlI[ hOlI-hOlI Kwlsw nYSnilSt pwrtI dy bwkI rihμdy mYNbr vI bldyv isμG dy gru`p ivc Swiml ho gey ijs nwl is`KW ivc AkwlI dl dy ivroDIAW dw AsYNblI ivc ^wqmw ho igAw[ hux AsYNblI ivc AkwlI dl hI iek`lI is`K nuμmwiedw pwrtI rih geI[ies smJOqy dy iek swl dy AMdr-AMdr isAwsI dunIAW dw nkSw bdl cukw sI[

(All this material is copy right of Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer)

ikqwbwvlI (ibbilEgrw&I)
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr, SRomxI AkwlI dl, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI (1919 qoN 1926) bwry vI. fblXU. simQ dI, 22 &rvrI 1922 dI, ^u&IAw irport Aqy AkwlI lIfrz kyso kImqI ^zwny hn[ ies kwl bwry sB qoN vDIAw ilKqW pRqwp isMG dI AkwlI lihr (1951), sohx isMG joS dI AkwlI moricAW dw ieiqhws (1972) qy fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr dIAW SRomxI AkwlI dl (1978, soDI AYfISn 2000) qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ikvyN bxI (2000), hn[ ies qoN ielwvw mohn isMG vYd dw ‘iBAwnk swkw qrn qwrn’ (1921), Bgq isMG dI nwnkwxw swihb dw purwqn hwl (1921),SmSyr isMG JubwlIey dw ‘ShIdI jIvn’ (1938), AkwlI lihr bwry rucI rwm swhnI dI strgl &wr &rIfm Aw& is`K SrweInz (1965), fw: gMfw isMG dI sm kwn&IfYNSl pyprz Aw& AkwlI muvmYNt (1965), nrYx isMG dI AkwlI morcy qy J`br (1967), fw: kulivMdr isMG bwjvw dI AkwlI jQw Krw sOdw bwr qy krqwr isMG Jbr (pMjwbI 1999 qy AMgryzI 2012), Aqy, brfvu`f dI ey kMtInYNt AYkspYrImYNts (1947) ivc vI Aihm sm`grI imldI hY[ies kwl dI qvwrI^ dw iek hor kImqI somw mwstr qwrw isMG dy lyK hn ijnHW ivcoN kuJ lyK do ijldW ivc mwstr qwrw isMG dy lyK isrlyK hyT fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ny sMpwdn kr ky SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI v`loN Cwpy sn[ ies qoN ielwvw rozwnw AkwlI, pMjwb drpx, AkwlI pqRkw, PulvwVI dIAW &weIlW ivc vI bhuq kImqI sm`grI imldI hY[

bbr AkwlI lihr (1921-26) bwry
suMdr isMG dI ‘bbr AkwlI lihr dw ieiqhws’ (1970), gurbcn isMG dI ‘bbr AkwlI lihr qy ies dy AwgU’ (1950, fw: idlgIr v`loN soDI AYfISn 1998), imlKw isMG dI “bbr AkwlI lihr dw ieiqhws” Aqy b^SIS isMG inJr dI ikqwb bbr AkwlI mUvmYNt vgYrw vI kImqI jwxkwrI nwl BrIAW peIAW hn[ [

1919 qoN 1947 qk dI is`K isAwsq bwry
durlB isMG dI vylIAMt &weItr: jIvn mwstr qwrw isMG (1940), swDU isMG hmdrd dI Awzwd pMjwb (1943), gurbcn isMG qwilb qyy lwl isMG d AwiefIAw Aw& is`K styt (1946), swDU srUp isMG dI d isKz ifmWf dyAr homlYNf (1946), lYNfn swrs&Ilf dI ibtryAl Aw& d isKz (1946), hrbMs isMG dI is`K pulItIkl pwrtIz (1948), gurcrn isMG dI AxKIlw sUrmw: jIvn mwstr qwrw isMG (1950), durlB isMG dI is`K lIfriSp (1950), nirMjn isMG dI jIvn mwstr qwrw isMG (1968), gurmIq isMG dI gWDI AYNf isKz (1969), kYlwS cMdr gulwtI dI AkwlIz: pwst AYNf prYzMt (1974), gurrqnpwl isMG dI d ielstrytf ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz 1947-78 (1978), fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr
dI SRomxI AkwlI dl (1978, soDI AYfISn 2000), ky. AYl. tutyjw dI is`K pwilitks: 1920-40 (1984), suKmnI b`l dI pwlytks Aw& sYNtrl is`K lIg (1991) ivc vI Aihm jwxkwrI id`qI hoeI hY[

pMjwb dI vMf bwry fw: AMbydkr dI pwiksqwn AYNf pwrtISn Aw& ieMfIAw (1945), fw: rwijMdr pRSwd dI ieMfIAw ifvweIff (1947), ey. AYn. bwlI dI nwE iet kYn bI tolf (1949), mOlwnw Awzwd dI ieMfIAw ivnz &rIfm (1959), ^ws kr ky ies dy auh vIh s&y jo aus dI mOq qoN vIh swl bwAd Cwpy gey, pYNfrl mUn dI ifvweIf AYNf kuiet (1961), siqAw AYm. rwey. dI pwrtISn Aw& d pMjwb (1965) Aqy pMjwb hIroiek trYfISn (1970), fw. ikrpwl isMG dI pwrtISn Aw& d pMjwb (1972) Aqy sm fwkUmYNts Aw& d pwrtISn Aw& pMjwb (1983) bVy kImqI somy hn[ ieM\ hI kYNpbYl dI imSn ivd mwaUNtbYtn (1951), eI.fblXU. Awr. luMbI dI trWs&r Aw& pwvr ien ieMfIAw (1956), durgw dws dI ieMfIAw &rOm krzn tU nihrU AYNf Aw&tr (1970), lYNpwieAr dI &rIfm AYt imfnweIt (1975), vI.pI.mYnn dI trWs&r Aw& pwvr ien ieMfIAw (1979), pwiksqwn srkwr dI pwrtISn Aw& pMjwb: ey kMmpweIlySn Aw& Aw&ISIAl fwkUmYNts (1983), ivc Aihm jwxkwrI imldI hY[

Bwrq ivc brqwnvI rwj bwry
cwrls AYlnz dI tylz &rwm d rwj (1975), pIArs brYNfn dI lwrYns jymz dI rwj: d myikMg Aw& ibRitS ieMfIAw (1977), trYvt rOiel dI d lwst fyAz Aw& d rwj (1989), AYlks vw`n tunzylmn dI d sIkrt ihstrI Aw& d AYN`f Aw& AYn AYNpwieAr (2007), d fYklweIn AYNf &wl Aw& d ibRitS AYNpwieAr (2007) ivc Bwrq ivc brqwnvI rwj bwry kImqI sm`grI sMBwlI bYTIAW hn[