Lajpat Rai, Lala
lwjpq rwey, lwlw
lwlw lwjpq rwey (28.1.1865 – 17.11.1928), pu`qr rwDw ikRSn Agrvwl, dw jnm ipMf Fu`fIky (izlHw mogw) ivc hoieAw sI[ skUl dI pVHweI ^qm hox mgroN aus ny lwhOr srkwrI kwlj ivc dw^lw lY ilAw[ ies mgroN aus ny vkwlq dI ifgrI hwisl kIqI[ ies dw ipqw AiDAwpk sI; sMn 1884 ivc aus dI qbdIlI rohqk ho geI qy ieh vI au~Qy clw igAw[ sMn 1986 ivc ieh ihswr Aw igAw Aqy au~Qy vkwlq SurU kr leI[ ies dOrwn ieh AwrIAw smwj Aqy kWgrs dohW ivc ih`sw lYx lg ipAw sI[ sMn 1892 ivc ieh lwhOr clw igAw Aqy hweI kort ivc vkwlq krn lg ipAw[
(ihswr ivc vkwlq krn smyN dI qsvIr)
sMn 1870 qoN mgroN AµgryzW ny pµjwb ivc bhuq swrIAW nihrW k`F ky pµjwb dy kuJ izilHAW ivc KyqW vwsqy pwxI dw mslw h`l kr idqw[ ienHW izilHAW ivc mu`K qOr ’qy lwielpur (hux &Yslwbwd), imµtgumrI (hux swhIvwl) qy gujrWvwlw dI Sy^Upurw qihsIl sn[ srkwr ny pµjwb dy v`K-v`K ielwikAW qoN ikswnW ƒ ienHW izilHAW ivc Aw ky zmInW lY ky vwhI krn vwsqy pryirAw[ aunHW ƒ srkwr ny bhuq swrIAW shUlqW vI idqIAW[ hzwrW ikswnW ny dUr-drwifEN Aw ky, KUb imhnq kr ky ies ielwky dI zmIn ƒ sonw bxw id`qw[ ies nwl ikswn ^uShwl qW hoey hI, srkwr ƒ vI cµgI coKI Awmdn vI hoeI[
sMn 1900 ivc srkwr ny ienHW zmInW qoN hor vDyry Awmdn krn dI skIm hyT ‘lYNf AYlInySn AYkt’ bxw idqw[ ies kwƒn muqwibk zmInW vwhux vwly hux zmInW dy mwlk nhIN blik ‘ikrweydwr’ sn[ auh A`goN nw qW zmIn vyc skdy sn qy nw ies dI vsIAq kr skdy sn[ ies mgroN 1904 iv`c ‘pµjwb ilmItySn AYkt’ Aqy 1905 ivc ‘pµjwb pRI-AYmpSn AYkt’ bxw idqy gey[ sB qoN AwKrI sI ‘kYnwl klonIz AYkt’[ ies Aw^rI AYkt hyT nihrI pwxI dy ryt bhuq vDw idqy gey, ikswnW ƒ AwpxIAW zmInW qoN hI dr^q k`tx qoN rok idqw igAw qy ikswn mwlk dI QW iek iksm dy ‘vwhk’ hI bx gey[ ieh AYkt isr& nihrI klonIAW (izilAW) qk hI mihdUd nhIN sn blik smu`cy pµjwb dy ikswnW ’qy lwgU huµdy sn[
ienHw cohW kwƒnW ny nihrI izilHAW dy ikswnW dw glw Gu`t idqw[ ienHW ikswnW ivcoN 90% is`K sn[ pihly iqMn AYkt pws hox qk qW ikswn cup rhy sn pr kYnwl klonIz AYkt mgroN auh roh ivc Aw gey[ aunHW ny ies AYkt ƒ ‘gulwmI dw cwrtr’ krwr idqw qy ies dy nwl hI hr pwsy pRotYst hox dy Awswr bxn lg pey[ sB qoN pihlw pRotYst mwrc 1907 ivc audoN hoieAw jdoN pµjwb lY&tInYNt gvrnr cwrls irvz ƒ ivdwiegI pwrtI idqI jw rhI sI[ ies mOky ’qy Kwlsw kwlj AµimRqsr dy ividAwrQIAW ny zbrdsq ros muzwhrw kIqw[pµjwb Aqy Bwrq dIAW A^bwrW ivc ies muzwhry dw ^Ub crcw hoieAw[ Swied iehI muzwhrw sI ijs ny AµgryzW qoN Awzwd hox dI lihr dw mu`F binHAw sI[
ienHW idnW ivc hI lwhOr ivc vI nihrI klonIAW bwry kwƒn ^ws kr ky Aqy AµgryzI srkwr dy i^lw& Awm kr ky roh vD irhw sI[ lwlw lwjpq rwey ny vI 21-22 mwrc qy 6 ApRYl 1907 ƒ ies kwƒn dy i^lw& BVkwaU qkrIrW kIqIAW sn qy lokW ƒ pwxI dy ibl nw dyx vwsqy ikhw sI[ AjIq isµG ny lwhOr dy brYflw hwl ivc srkwr dy i^lw& iek bVI roh BrI qkrIr kIqI sI[
ieh swrw kuJ pµjwb dy gvrnr ny Aµgryz vwiesrwey Aqy lµfn ivc ieµfIAw Awi&s ƒ ilK ByijAw sI[ sI.AweI.fI. dIAW h&qwvwr irportW ivc izkr imldw hY ik srkwr ies AYjItySn qoN bhuq i&krmµd sI[ A^Ir srkwr ny PYslw kIqw ik 1818 dy AYkt hyT lwjpq rwey qy AjIq isµG ƒ igRPqwr kr ky nzrbµd kr idqw jwvy[ lwjpq rwey ƒ 9 meI qy AjIq isµG ƒ 3 jUn 1907 ƒ igRPæqwr kr ilAw igAw qy pµjwb qoN bwhr mWfly (hux brmw dyS) irport kr idqw[ ienHW igR&qwrIAW dy i^lwP pµjwb ivc keI QWeIN pRotYst hoey[ pr srkwr ienHW ros ibAwnW qoN izAwdw i&krmµd nhIN sI ikauN ik lwlw lwjpq rwey qW srkwr ƒ AwpxI mwsUmIAq vwsqy Arz-Bry ^q (iek iksm dy muAwPæInwmy) ilK irhw sI qy hornW qoN vI AwpxI irhweI vwsqy ApIlW ilKvw irhw sI[
lwjpq rwey ny 22 sqµbr 1907 ƒ mWfly qoN sYktrI AwP styt ƒ ilKy ^q ivc iliKAw sI: ‘mYN lwhOr jW rwvlipµfI ivc hoey &swd ivc ih`sw nhIN ilAw sI[ mYN iksy ƒ ienHW muzwhirAW ivc ih`sw lYx vwsqy BVkwieAw vI nhIN sI qy nw hI koeI bwZIAwnw qkrIr kIqI sI[ mYN qW srkwrI hukmW dI kwƒn hyT rih ky hI ivroDqw kIqI sI[ mYN kdy vI ihµsk jW ZYr kwƒnI qrIky vrqx dy h`k ivc nhIN hW qy nw hI Aijhy ivcwrW vwly lokW nwl sbµD rKdw hW[’ pihlW ihµdUAW dy iek v`fy AwgU gopwl ikRSn goKly ny vI 10 jUn 1907 ƒ vwiesrwey dy pRweIvyt sk`qr ƒ iek Kq ilK ky lwjpq rwey ƒ irhw krn dI Arz kIqI sI[ goKly ny iliKAw sI: ‘‘AjIq isµG qy lwjpq rwey ƒ ieko ijhw krwr dyxw lwjpq rwey nwl zwlmwnw byienswPæI hY[ &rvrI ivc jdoN mYˆ lwhOr ivc sI qW AjIq isµG lwjpq rwey ƒ iek buzidl Aqy srkwrI bµdw kihx lg ipAw sI[” (siqAw AYm. rwey, pMjwb hIroiek trYfISn 1900-47, s&w 21)[
lwjpq rwey nwl hmdrdI r`Kx vwlIAW A^bwrW ihµdUsqwn Aqy pµjwbI ny aus dy h`k ivc AYfItorIAl ilK ky Aqy ibAwn Cwp ky aus dI irhweI dI mµg kIqI[ ienHW A^bwrW ny lwjpq rwey dI igRPqwrI ƒ bdlw-laU kwrvweI ikhw Aqy aus (lwjpq) ƒ mwsUm, iensw&-psµd, Amn kwƒn dw pwbµd ienswn krwr idqw (ihµdUsqwn 17 meI 1907; pµjwbI meI 1907; siqAw AYm. rwey, pµjwb hIroiek trYfISn, s&w 21-22)[
siqAw AYm. rwey dw ivcwr hY ik “lwjpq rwey hux muAw&IAW qy auqr AwieAw sI qy hornW koloN vI hmdrdI qy rihm dIAW ApIlW krvw irhw sI[” lwjpq rwey pihlW Apxy lyKW ivc ‘^Un dw bdlw ^Un’ dIAw g`lW vI krdw huµdw sI[ auh sU&I Aµbw pRswd, AjIq isµG Aqy hYdr rzw vrigAW dy sohly vI gwauNdw huMdw sI[ auh lokW ƒ tYks nw dyx vwsqy vI BVkwauNdw sI[
drAsl lwjpq rwey AijhIAW g`lW krdw huµdw sI[ auh kWgrs dI iF`lV qy purAmn pwlsI dI SryAwm mu^wl&q krdw sI pr AµdroN auh jQybµdI qoN tu`tx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[ auh v`fy nwAry lwauNdw sI pr igR&qwrI qoN frdw sI qy iesy kr ky jdoN aus ƒ igR&qwr kr ky mWfly Byj idqw igAw qW auh ApIlW, muAw&IAW, is&wrSW Aqy sPæweI pyS krn ’qy Aw igAw[ sYktrI Aw& styt ƒ aus dI AwpxI ic`TI Aqy goKly qy lwrf mOrly vloN aus dy h`k ivc ilKy ^q qy ibAwn iek iksm dI ‘ibnW Srq muAw&I’ sn[
A^Ir srkwr ny lwjpq rwey qy AjIq isMG ƒ 18 nvµbr 1907 dy idn irhw kr idqw[ irhweI mgroN lwjpq rwey cup kr ky Gr bYT igAw pr AjIq isµG ny ienklwbI kwrvweIAW jwrI rKIAW[
iek idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ies vyly qk lwjpq rwey is`KI srUp ivc sI[ aus ny kys-dwVHI swbq r`Ky hoey sn Aqy auh dwVHI bµnHdw sI[ hux buzidlI ny aus dI S^sIAq eynI nIvIN kr id`qI sI ik aus dy Aµdr dw is`K vI mr igAw sI qy aus ny kys ktvw ley qy pUrw “lwlw” bx igAw qy Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘lwlw lwjpq rwey’ ilKx lg ipAw Aqy ies dy nwl hI is`KW dy i^lw& prcwr krn lg ipAw[ ies dI mW gulwb dyvI nUM ies dI ies hrkq dw bhuq sdmw l`gw qy auh bImwr pY geI qy A^Ir ieM\ hI auh dunIAW qoN tur geI)[
(sMn 1907 ivc Bwrq dy mShUr AwgUAW dI iek qsvIr; kursIAW qy bYTy hn (K`ibEN s`jy) lwlw lwjpq rwey (is`K srUp ivc), ibpn cMdr pwl, gopwl ikRSn goKly)
sMn 1914 ivc ieh ieMglYNf clw igAw Aqy sMn 1917 ivc au~QoN knyfw Aqy AmrIkw ivc clw igAw[ ieh iqMn swl au~Qy irhw[ ies smyN ies ny Zdr lihr dy AwgU jo jylHW ivc su`ty hoey sn aunHW kYdIAW dy prvwrW dI mdd vwsqy knyfw qy AmrIkw dy is`KW qoN 70 hzwr rupY (jo audoN bhuq v`fI rkm sI) iek`Ty kIqy Aqy auh swrI rkm aus ny AwrIAw smwj dy is`K ivroDI prcwr vwsqy Krc kIqI[ Xwin ‘is`KW dIAW ju`qIAW is`KW dy hI isr’[ 30 AkqUbr 1928 dy idn sweImn kimSn dy dOry smyN lwhOr stySn ’qy muzwhrw hoieAw sI[ hzUm ny ‘‘sweImn kimSn go bYk’’ dy nwAirAW nwl Awsmwn gUµjw id`qw[ ies mzwhry dI AgvweI kr rhy sn: mwstr qwrw isµG, Amr isµG Jbwl, mµgl isµG, srdUl isµG kvISr, sohn isµG joS, mdn mohn mwlvIAw, mOlvI Abdul kwdr, lwlw hµs rwj, fw. gopI cµd, fw. sqpwl, lwlw lwjpq rwey qy hor keI AwUg[ ies mOky ’qy pulIs ny lwTIcwrj kIqw ijs ivc rweyzwdw hµs rwj, fw. gopI cµd, fw s`q pwl, lwlw hµsrwj qy Abdul kwdr z^mI hoey z^mI hoey sn, pr lwlw lwjpq rwey nUM iek JrIt qk nhIN sI AweI sI[ dupihry iqµn vjy ieh swrw hzUm id`lI drvwzy ’qy Pyr iek`Tw hoieAw[ ies iek`T ivc keI AwgUAW ny qkrIrW kIqIAW[ qkrIrW qoN bwAd hwzr lokW ny Pyr iek jlUs k`iFAw[ ies vyly qk 15000 qoN v`D lok iek`Ty ho cuky sn[ ies jlUs ƒ ‘svrwj jlUs’ dw nW idqw igAw[ ies jlUs dI AgvweI fwktr gopI cµd (ijnHW dw isr lwTIAW dI mwr nwl su`ijAw hoieAw sI), fw. sqpwl (ijnHW dI bWh lwTIAW dI mwr nwl burI qrHW z^mI hoeI nzr Aw rhI sI) qy hornW ny kIqI sI[
ies qoN kuJ idn mgroN mwstr qwrw isMG ny lyKW Aqy ibAwnW rwhIN lwlw lwjpq rwey qoN knyfw Aqy AmrIkw qoN ZdrI AwgUAW dy prvwrW vwsqy ilAWdy hzwrW ruipAW dw ihswb ikqwb mMigAw sI[ lwly dI mOq puls dIAW lwTIAW nwl nhIN hoeI sI blik ies rkm dw ih`swb mMgx nwl idl dw dOrw pYx ’qy hoeI sI[ ies dy bwvjUd fI.ey.vI. kwlj jgrwEN. jgrwEN b`s A`fw, iSmlw qy id`lI ivc ies dy buq lwey hoey hn[ Bwrq srkwr ies vwsq iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kr cukI hY.
