bGyl isMG DwlIvwl izLHw AMimRqsr dy ngr Jbwl dw vwsI sI[ ieh kroVisMGIAw imsl dy muK jrnYlW ivcoN iek sI[ sMn 1761 ivc qrwvVI dI lVweI ivc ies imsl dy muKI kroVw isMG dI mOq ho geI qW ies nUM AwpxI imsl dw muKI cux ilAw igAw, pr imsl dw nW kroVisMGIAw imsl hI irhw sI[ bGyl isMG ny krnwl, shwrnpur dy ielwikAW ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ auh pMjwb dy bhuq swry Coty hwkmW qoN qwvwn vI ilAw krdw sI[
kroVisMGIAw imsl kol 12 hzwr GoVsvwr sn[ ies imsl ny bhuq swry ielwky ivc Awpxw dbdbw kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI[ bGyl isMG ny sMn 1763 ivc jlMDr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hirAwxw (hux huiSAwrpur izlHw) ies dw hY~fkuAwrtr sI[ ies ny jnvrI 1764 ivc krnwl, ClOdI Awid ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies smyN ies ny ClOdI nUM Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtr bxw ilAw sI[ &rvrI 1764 ivc ies ny jmnw ndI pwr kr ky shwrnpur ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ ies dy nwl hI ies ny njIb-aud-dOlw dy ielwky ivc vI bhuq lu`t-mwr kIqI sI[
sMn 1774 ivc jdoN zwbqw ^wn ny nj& ^wn nwl smJOqw kr ilAw qy AwpxIAW jwgIrW vI muV hwisl kr leIAW qW ies ’qy gu`sw kr ky is`KW ny rwey isMG, qwrw isMG ZYbw qy bGyl isMG dI AgvweI ivc zwibqw ^wn dy ielwky ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI Aqy guMgo, nnOqw Aqy idEbMd ivc lu`t-mwr kIqI sI[ A^Ir zwbqw ^wn ny is`KW nUM 50 hzwr rupey nzrwnw dy ky Cutkwrw pwieAw sI[ ies mgroN zwibqw ^wn ny bGyl isMG dI srdwrI mnzUr kr leI sI, Aqy nwl hI is`KW dI muihMm ivc vI Swiml ho igAw[ ie`QoN cl ky is`K &OjW myrT qy sonIpq rwhIN id`lI ivc dwi^l hoeIAW sn qy ie`QoN dy AmIrW-vzIrW nUM lu`itAw sI[ ies mgroN shwrnpur qy bUVIAw vI is`KW dy rihmo-krm ’qy sn[ mwrc 1776 ivc ies ny muz`&rngr ivc muZl &Oj nUM burI qrHW hrwieAw sI[ sMn 1779 ivc muZlW ny aus nwl nyVqw kwiem kr leI qW ies ny aunHW nwl Aihdnwmw kr ky Qnysr dy BMgw isMG Aqy bUVIAW dy rwie isMG nwl iml ky pitAwlw irAwsq nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc pitAwly dy rwjy Amr isMG ny hiQAwr sut id`qy sn Aqy bwbw bGyl isMG dy h`QoN KMfy dI pwhul lY leI sI[ bGyl isMG ny rohIlKMf dy hor ielwikAW ’qy vI hmlw kr ky l`KW rupY nzrwnw vsUl kIqw sI[ aus ny v`K-v`K mOikAW ’qy AlIgVH, Kurjw, cMdOsI, ietwvw, &rU^wbwd, murwdwbwd, AnUpSihr, bulMdSihr, ibjnOr Awid ’qy hmly kIqy sn[
id`lI ’qy aus ny keI vwr hmlw kIqw sI[ aus ny 1783 id`lI ’qy vI kbzw kIqw sI (11 mwrc 1783 dy idn aus ny lwl iklHw ’qy is`KW dw nILw inSwn swihb vI lihrwieAw sI)[ (audwsIAW ny JMfw buMgw, drbwr swihb ivc Bgvw JMfw lwieAw hoieAw sI; aus nUM mgroN inrmilAW ny drbwr swihb dw JMfw bxw ilAw sI[ vIhvIN sdI ivc ies dw rMg rwjpUqW vwlw kysrI bx igAw[ bhuq swry bysmJ is`KW ny ies nUM is`KW dw JMfw mMn ilAw)[
ies mOky ’qy jrnYlW ny dl Kwlsw dw muKI hox dy nwqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy ikhw pr aus ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI sI ik is`KW ivc koeI bwdSwh nhIN huMdw, hr iek is`K bwdSwh hY[ ies kr ky koeI vI aus q^q ’qy bYTx vwsqy iqAwr nw hoieAw[
ies hwlq ivc muZl bwdSwh ny is`KW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI[ aus ny hI aunHW nUM id`lI dI cuMgI ivc rupey iv`coN Cy Awny (swFy 37%) ih`sw dyxw mMn ilAw sI, ijs mgroN is`KW ny lwl iklHw muZlW dy hvwly kr id`qw sI[ ies mOky ’qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny ikhw ik jy AsIN id`lI dy q^q ’qy nhIN bYTxw qW AsIN ies q^q dw QVHw Xwdgwr vjoN AMimRqsr ivc zrUr lY ky jwvWgy qW jo qvwrI^ ivc ieh snd rhy ik kdy id`lI dw q^q vI kdy is`KW dy kdmW hyT irhw sI qy ies dI isl hmySw hI is`KW dy pYrW hyT rhygI[ (q^q vwlI ieh is`l j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw Awpxy buMgy ivc lY igAw sI jo A`j vI au~Qy mOjUd hY)[
aus vyly bGyl isMG dIAW &OjW dI igxqI 30 hzwr sI qy ijs QW ’qy is`K &OjW TihrIAW sn aus nUM A`j vI ‘qIs hzwrI’ vjoN jwixAw jWdw hY (id`lI dIAW AdwlqW ies ‘qIs hzwrI’ ivc hI bxIAW hoeIAW hn)[
bgyl isMG ny id`lI dI cuMgI ivcoN swFy 37% ih`sw vsUl krn dw smJOqw kr ky id`lI dw kbzw C`f id`qw sI[ auh kw&I icr id`lI ’qoN mwmlw vsUl krdw irhw sI[
ies dy nwl hI aus ny id`lI ivc gurU swihb nwl sbMDq QwvW dI Snw^q kr ky aunHW QWvW ’qy Agly Cy mhIinAW ivc guru swihbwn (guru nwnk swihb, guru hrikSn swihb, guru qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy guru gooibMd isMG swihb) dIAW XwdgwrW bxw id`qIAW[ gurduAwrw sIs gMj, rkwb gMj, bMglw swihb, bwlw swihb, dmdmw swihb, moqI bwZ, qylIvwVw, mjnU it`lw, nwnk ipAwau vZYrw gurduAwry bxwaux vwsqy bGyl isMG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ bGyl isMG sbzI mMfI ielwky ivc bYT ky ingrwnI krdw irhw sI[ bGyl isMG dI mOq sMn 1802 ivc hirAwxw ivc hoeI sI[
bGyl isMG dy byZm smrU, muZlW dy Swh Awlm bwdSwh qy hor bhuq swry v`fy-v`fy rjvwiVAW nwl sbMD sn[ bGyl isMG BwvyN is`K sI pr auh imslW qoN pYsy vsUl krn vwsqy muZlW nwl vI smJOqy krdw rihMdw sI[ sMn 1779 ivc Abdul Aihd ^wn ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm iv`Fx dw &Yslw kIqw sI [iek is`K irAwsq ’qy muZlW dy hmly ivc bGyl isMG kroVwisMGIAw qy dysU isMG kYQl vI Swiml ho gey sn[ jINd dy gjpq isMG ny ies muihMm vwsqy do l`K rupY dyxy mnzUr kIqy sn[ sMn 1787 ivc AMbwjI mrh`tw ny pitAwly ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxweI sI[ bGyl isMG vI aus nwl rl igAw sI[ AMbwjI ny krm isMG qy gurid`q isMG nUM vI nwl rlwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr auh nhIN mMny sn[ hW dulcw isMG swQ dyxw zrUr mMn igAw sI[ aus ny Zulwm kwdr nUM vI nwl rlw ilAw sI[ pr AYn mOky ’qy Zulwm kwdr AwpxI &Oj smyq vwips clw igAw[ hux AMbwjI vI lVn dI bjwie 20 hzwr rupY pitAwly qoN hwisl kr ky vwips clw igAw sI[
bGyl isMG kol qIh hzwr &Oj sI[ sMn 1783 ivc ieh POj id`lI ’c ijs QW TihrI sI aus dw nW A`j vI id`lI ivc ‘qIs hzwrI’ vjoN kwiem hY (id`lI dw hweI kort qIs hzwrI ivc hI hY)[ sMn 1802 ivc aus dI mOq ho geI sI qy aus dI pqnI rwm kOr ny imsl dI vwgfor sMBwlI sI[ auh vI sMn 1848 ivc cVHweI kr geI sI[ ies mgroN AMgryzW ny aus dy sqluj pwrly ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1807 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny bGyl isMG dI ivDvw qoN sqluj dy p`CmI pwsy v`l hirAwxw (izlHw huiSAwrpur) dw ielwkw vI Koh ilAw sI.