isrpwau/ isrpwie/ isrpwv/ isropw
(&wrsI srwpw)
- sr (isr) +pw (pYr), isr qoN pYrW qk pihrx dI poSwk
- i^`lq, Awdr mwx vwlw poSwkw[ ieh isr qoN pYrW qk pihxn vwlw bhuq kImqI colw huMdw sI[ (hux qW hr i^lq/ eInwm/ snmwn* dw nW isropw hI bx igAw hY): pihir isrpwau syvk jn myly, nwnk pRgt phwry (631), Bgiq isrpwau dIE jn Apuny, pRqwpu nwnk pRB jwqw (631), swkq isrpwau rysmI, pihrq piq KoeI (811), sdw Anµdu kry AwnµdI, ijsu isrpwau pieAw gil Kwsw hy (1073)
{*is~K Drm ivc isropw iek snmwn inSwnI hY jo aus S^s ƒ pyS kIqw jWdw hY ijs ny is`K kOm leI koeI ^ws jW koeI &wiedymMd kMm kIqw hovy jW koeI kurbwnI kIqI hovy[ ieh snmwn isr& cuxvyN S^sW nUM hI id`qw jwxw cwhIdw hY[
Bwrq ivc, ibRitS rwj dOrwn, drbwr swihb ’qy kwbz inrmly qy audwsI srbrwhW ny Awpxy KuSwmdI/ cwplUsI vwly suBwA Aqy AmIrW qy srkwrI A&srW vwsqy v&wdwrI idKwaux leI, Aqy shUlqW, Ahudy jW pYsy hwisl krn vwsqy, nwkwibl Aqy GtIAw bMidAW nUM vI byvjh isropwau dyxy SurU kr id`qy sn[ Zlq qOr ‘qy isropwE Byt krnw isropwau dI byAdbI hY[ 1920 ivc, is`KW ny gurduAwirAW ƒ Aijhy Zlq lokW qoN Awzwd qW krvw ilAw pr aunHW ny ieh Zlq rsm nw rokI[ hux, bhuq swry is`K AwgU, hryk AYry-ZYry ƒ ‘do Zz lIr’ (k`pVy) nwl ‘snmwinq’ kr idMdy hn Aqy auh ies ƒ ‘isropwau’ kihx dI gusqw^I vI krdy hn[ Aijhw kr ky, bysmJ is`K AwgUAW ny isropwE dI byAdbI kIqI hY[ kuJ is`K kyNdrW ivc (drbwr swihb ivc vI) jy kr koeI S^s dwn vjoN pYsy dI v`fI rkm Byt kry qW AKOqI isropwE id`qw jWdw hY[ isropwE dI iek hor byAdbI ies qrHW kIqI jWdI hY ik isropwE 100 rupey ivc (jW iksy hor rkm bdly) ivkdy hn (ijvyN drbwr swihb AMimRqsr ivc)[ 1999 ivc ieh hrkq bMd kr id`qI geI sI pr nvMbr 2000 ivc, jgdyv isMG qlvMfI ny ies ƒ dubwrw SurU krvw id`qw[ isropwE, jo iek au~cw snmwn sI, hux ieh vDyry kr ky idKwvw/bymwAnw (qy kuJ h`d qk mzwk) bx ky rih igAw hY}.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)