kysrI JMfw
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vyly Akwl q^q swihb Aqy drbwr swihb dy ivckwr mhMq sMqoK dws ‘audwsI’ dw buMgw sI, ijs dy bwhr aus dw ‘audwsI’ m`q dw Bgvw JMfw KVHw huMdw sI[ iek vwr ieh JMfw tu`t ky if`g ipAw[ aunHIN idnIN kMvr nOinhwl isMG AMimRqsr AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny JMfw if`gw ipAw vyK ky nvW p`kw JMfw bxvw id`qw[ mgroN ies dy nwl iek hor JMfw KVw kr id`qw igAw (ijs nUM mgroN kuJ is`K mIrI-pIrI dy do inSwn swihb kihx lg pey)[ jdoN is`K gurduAwirAW dw pRbMD audwsI qy inrmly mhMqW (1859-1920) dy h`Q ivc sI qW aunHW mhMqW ny JMfy buMgy vwly JMfy dw rMg, audwsIAW vwlw hI rihx id`qw sI[
jdoN 1920-25 ivc is`KW ny audwsIAW koloN Aqy hornW mhMqW koloN gurduAwirAW dw kbzw CufvwieAw qW auh gurduAwirAW ivc pRclq keI Ais`K kwrvweIAW ƒ bMd krnw B`ul gey sn[ inSwn swihb dw audwsIAW vwlw rMg ienHW Ais`K kwrvweIAW ivcoN iek sI[ audwsI qy inrmly mhMqW ny gurduAwirAW ‘qy audwsIAW dy Bgvy/pIly JMfy lwey hoey sn[ AkwlIAW ny aunHW qoN gurduAwry qW Awzwd krvw ley pr aunHW dy JMfy auqwr ky KwlsweI JMfy lwauxw Bu`l gey[ iesy kr ky bhuqy gurduAwirAW ’qy A`j vI audwsIAW dy pIly, bsMqI, Bgvy qy kysrI JMfy Ju`l rhy hn, pr inhMgW dIAW CwauxIAW ’qy isr& is`KW dy inSwn swihb JUldy hn ikauNik ienHW CwauxIAW Aqy aunHW dy kbzy hyTly gurduAwirAW ’qy audwsIAW jW inrmilAW dw kbzw nhIN sI qy au~Qy is`KI dw Kwls rMg nIlw rMg kwiem irhw sI[ pr, bysmJ is`KW ny pIly/Bgvy/kysrI rMg nUM iek iksm dw is`K-rMg vjoN mnzUr ijhw kr ilAw[ inhMg, jo ik JMfw PV ky jMgW dOrwn A`gy inSwn swihb cu`k ky cilAw krn vwly (inSwncI) sn, aunHW ny inSwn swihb dw gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy vyly dw nIlw rMg Aj qk kwiem r`iKAw hY.
11 mwrc 1783 dy idn lwl iklHy ’qy is`KW ny nIlw inSwn swihb lihrwieAw sI
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)