ATwrW isDIAW,
ATwrW ismRqIAW,
ATwrW purwn,
ATwrW Bwr,
ATwrW vrn
ATwrW ividAw
ATwrW isDIAW
purwnIAW ilKqW ivc A`T klipq is`DIAW, krwmwqW, ZYbI qwkqW dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ keI jgh ASt (A`T=8) dI jgh ds Ast (10+8=18), ATwrW isDIAW dw izkr vI AwauNdw hY[ A`T isDIAW hyT ilKIAW hn:
1. Aixmw = bhuq Cotw ho jwxw
2. mihmw = bhuq v`fw ho jwxw
3. girmw = bhuq Bwrw ho jwxw
4. liGmw = bhuq hOlw ho jwxw
5. pRwipq = mn ie`Cq cIz hwisl kr lYxI
6. pRwkmÎ = sB dy mn dI jwx lYxw
7. eIiSqw = AwpxI ie`Cw muqwibk sB nUM pRyrnw
8. viSqw = sB nUM v`s ivc (kwbU) kr lYxw: (ienHW 8 qoN ielwvw 10 hor ieh hn:
9. AnUrUmI= Bu`K ipAws dw nw lgxw
10. dUr SRvx= dUr dIAW g`lW nUM sux lYxw
11. mno vyg= ij`Qy mn cwhy srIr dw pu`j skxw
12. kwm rUp = mn dI kwmnw muqwibk rUp Dwrn kr skxw
13. prkwX pRvyS = dUijAW dy srIr ivc pRvyS kr skxw
14. sÍY CMd imRqU = AwpxI ie`Cw muqiwbk dyh iqAwg skxw
15. ApRiqhqgiq = iksy QW jwx ivc rukwvt nw pYxw
16. sMklp isiD = sMklp muqwibk hr cIz hwisl kr skxw
17. sur kRIVw = dyviqAW nwl iml ky ApsrwvW nwl mOjW mwxnw
18. dUr drSn= dUr qk dIAW cIzW nUM vyK skxw[ gurbwxI muqwibk swrIAW isDIAW isr& Akwl purK kol hI hn[ gurbwxI muqwibk nwm jpxw hI swrIAW isDIAW hwisl krnw hY: ATwrh isDI ipCY lgIAw iPrin, inj Gir vsY inj Qwie (91), nv inDI, ATwrh isDI, ipCY lgIAw iPrih, jo hir ihrdY sdw vswie (649), siB inDwn, ds Ast isDwn, Twkur kr ql DirAw (10), jw kI syvw ds Ast isDweI (390, 495), cwir pdwrQ Ast dsw isiD, nviniD kr ql qw ky (658), cwir pdwrQ Ast dsw isiD sB aUpir swD Bly (1227).
ATwrW ismRqIAW
ismRqI/isimRqI dw ArQ hY: jo cyqy kIqI hY, Xwin jo zubwnI clI AwauNdI hY[ ienHW nUM v`K v`K lyKkW ny v`K v`K simAW ivc ilKq rUp ivc ilAw id`qw sI[ (ies dy mukwbly ivc SruqI auh hY jo suxI jW suxI-suxweI hY)[ kul ATwrW ismRqIAW imldIAW hn[ ienHW ivc hyT iliKAw igAwn Swiml hY: vydWg (aucwrx igAwn, ivAwkrx, CMd Swsqr, inrukq, joqS, krm kWf), ieiqhws (mhWBwrq qy rwmwiex), Drm, ArQ, kwm, mokS, purwx, kwiv swihq, BwSw, sUqR qy Swsqr, rwjnIqI, crk sihMqw, nIqI Swsqr, siBAwcwr, klw qy smwj sbMDI lyK.
ATwrW purwn
purwn dw ipCokV ‘purwnw’ ivc hY[ ieh nW aunHW pRwcIn ikqwbW nUM id`qw igAw hY jo v`K-v`K mOikAW Aqy inSwinAW leI ilKIAW geIAW sn[ ieh aunHW vyilAW dy lokW dI jIvn-jwc dy kuJ nukiqAW Aqy rsmW bwry dsdIAW hn[ bhuqy qvwrI^ lyKk ienHW dy ilKx dw smW 5-6 sO swl purwxw kwl (500 E.eI.) mMndy hn[ BwvyN ieh ikqwbW 2500 swl pihlW dIAW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn pr Aj-kLH imldIAW AYfISnW ivc bVw kuJ auh hY jo mgroN pwieAw igAw hY (ijvyN ‘BivKq purwn’ ivc gurU nwnk swihb bwry qy horW ivc vI gurUAW jW is`KI bwry)[ 18 purwx ieh hn: 1. bRhm 2. pdm 3. ivSnUM 4. iSv 5. Bwgvq 6. nwrdIX 7. mwrkMfy 8. AgnI 9. BivSX (BivKq) 10. bRhm vYvrq 11. ilMg 12. vrwhw 13. skMd 14, bwvn 15.kUrm 16. mqsX 17. gruV 18. bRhmWf: ds ATwrmY AprMpro cInY khY nwnku iev eyku qwrY (23), spq dIp spq swgrw nv KMf, cwir vyd ds Ast purwxw (84), ds ATw ATsTy cwry KwxI, iehY vrqix hY sgl sMswry (694), ds AT purwx qIrQ rs kIAw (872), ds AstI imil eyko kihAw (886), ds AT cwir vyd siB pUChu jn nwnk nwmu CfweI jIau (998), chu mih pyiKE Kt mih pyiKE ds AstI isMimRqwey (1139), ds AT lIKy hovih pwis (1169).
ATwrW Bwr
purwny simAW qoN ieh klipq i^Awl cilAw Aw irhw hY ik jy hr iek iksm dy ibRC, bUty qy vylW dw iek-iek p`qw jW Pu`l lY ky iek`Ty qoly jwx qW swrw qol ‘18 Bwr’ bxdw hY[ iek Bwr dw vzn hY: 5 mx k`cy qy 18 Bwr 90 mx k`cy bxdw hY: Bwr ATwrh myvw hovY, gruVw hoie suAwau (142), Awpy Bwr ATwrh bxspiq, Awpy hI Pl lwey (154), nwmu qyro qwgw, nwmu PUl mwlw, Bwr ATwrh sgl jUTwry (694), Bwr ATwrh mih cMdnu aUqm, cMdn inkit sB cMdnu hueIAw (834), Bwr ATwrh mwlix qyrI (1033), ATwrh Bwr bnwspqI mwlxI, iCnvY kroVI myG mwlw pwxIhwrIAw (1292), {Bwr ATwrW, ATwrW prvW/cYptrW vwly mhWBwrq vwsqy vI vriqAw jWdw hY: inis idn aucrY Bwr ATwr (1237)}.
ATwrW vrn
vrn dw mUl ArQ hY: rMg[ ihMdU smwj ivc mnu`K jwqI dI vMf vrnW ivc kIqI hoeI hY[ muK vrn cwr hn: 1. bRwhmx 2. KqrI 3. vYS 4. SUdr[ ienHW cwrW qoN AgoN doglIAW nslW nUM vKry vrn vI iliKAw jWdw hY: 5 qoN 8 bRwhmx AwdmI qoN KqrI, vYS, SUdr AOrqW nUM pYdw hey b`cy; 9 qoN 11 KqrI AwdmI qoN bRwhmx, vYS, SUdr AOrqW nUM pYdw hey b`cy; 12 qoN 14 vYS AwdmI qoN bRwhmx, KqrI, SUdr, AOrqW nUM pYdw hey b`cy; 15 qoN 17 SUdr AwdmI qoN bRwhmx, KqrI, vYS AOrqW nUM pYdw hoey b`cy; 18 dogly vrnW dy mrdW AOrqW qoN/ nUM pYdw hoey b`cy: Awpy ds AT vrn aupwieAnu, Awip bRhmu Awip rwju lieAw (553).
ATwrW/ATwrih ividAw
ATwrW cIzW dw igAwn, ATwrW iksm dI ividAw, ATwrW ielm: cwr vyd, Cy vydWg, mImWsw, nXwX, purwx, mnU isimRqI qy hor Drm SwsqR, AwXur vyd, Dnur vyd, gMDrv vyd qy nIqI SwsqR.
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)