rwm isµG qy kUkw lihr
rwm isµG (1816-1885) kµvr nOinhwl isµG (pu`qr mhwrwjw rxjIq isµG) dI &Oj ivc iek Awm ispwhI sI[ auh dsµbr 1845 ivc mudkI dI lVweI ivc AµgryzW dy iKælw& liVAw sI[ pihlI AYNglo-is`K lVweI dy ^qm hox mgroN aus ƒ &Oj ’coN Kwrj kr idqw igAw sI[ nOkrI ^qm hox mgroN auh Awpxy Gr ipµf BYxI Aw igAw qy lohy qy kpVy dI h`tI pw leI[ kuJ swl h`tI krn mgroN aus ny iek in`kw ijhw Dwrimk tolw bxw ilAw[ drAsl nOkrI Cu`t jwx kr ky aus dy idl ivc AµgryzW vwsqy n&rq sI[ auh nOkrI dOrwn kdy iek Dwrimk pRcwrk bwbw bwlk isµG (1799- 1862) ƒ iml cukw sI qy aunHW dI is&q kirAw krdw sI[ mgroN rwm isMG dy cyilAW ny aus nUM bwlk isMG dw vwrs vI dsxw SurU kr id`qw[ bwlk isµG ny kdy koeI gru`p jW fyrw nhIN bxwieAw sI qy ies kr ky Awpxw vwirs bxwaux dw svwl hI pYdw nhIN sI huµdw[ auN\ bwlk isMG ‘AiBAwsI’ dy qOr ’qy jwixAw jWdw sI nw ik ‘nwmDwrI’ vjoN[
jdoN rwm isµG ny Dwrimk tolw bxwieAw qW ies nwl sbµDq BYxI ipµf dy kuJ lok iek`Ty ho ky gurbwxI dw kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ ienHW iek`TW ivc BwvyN rwm isµG kdy-kdy AµgryzW dy i^lw& vI boilAw krdw sI pr auh srkwr dy i^lw& lihr clwaux qoN frdw sI[ aus ny srkwr dy i^lw& gu`sy ƒ ‘Drm’ dy nW ’qy vrqx vwsqy is`K imSnrI lihr clweI[ aus ny lokW ivc zwq-pwq C`fx, ivDvw ivAwh dI ihmwieq, Srwb qy hor niSAW ƒ nw vrqx, smwDW ƒ nw mMnx vZYrw vwsqy prcwr kIqw[ (fwkUmYNts irgwrifµg rwm isµG AYNf kUkwz, nµbr 1, s&w 4)[
hOlI-hOlI cwr pµj sO lok rwm isµG dy nwl juV gey[ hux aus ny qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW dI Xwqrw vwsqy gru`p bxw ky iek c`kr lwieAw[ ies jQy ƒ vyK ky rsqy dy ipµfW dy kuJ lok vI aus nwl juV gey[ pr ienHW dI kul igxqI kdy vI iek hzwr qoN vD nw ho skI[ ies dOr ivc Aµgryz srkwr aus ’qy pUrI qrHW ingwh r`K rhI sI[ rwm isµG lokW ƒ Awpxy nwl joVn vwsqy kdy-kdy is`KW dy rwj dy muV Awaux dIAW g`lW vI krn lg ipAw sI[ pihlI jUn 1863 dy idn ipµf Koty (izlHw &Irozpur) ivc iek in`ky ijhy iek`T ivc aus ny ikhw ‘‘jdoN svw lK Kwlsw iqAwr ho jwvygw qW pµjwb ƒ AµgryzW qoN Awzwd krvw ilAw jwvygw[’’ aus dy ienHW bolW dI ^br srkwr ƒ iml geI qy srkwr ny aus dI ingrwnI krnI SurU kr idqI[ Ajy ies j`Qy dw koeI nW nhIN sI[ ikauNik auh kIrqn krn smyN au~cI-au~cI ‘kUkW’ mwrdy sn, iesy kr ky lokW aunHW ƒ ‘kUky’ ikhw krdy sn[ keI dhwikAW mgroN iek swizS hyT auh Awpxy Awp ƒ ‘nwmDwrI’ kihx lg pey[
kUikAW ny smwDW FwhIAW
is`K imSnrI lihr dy ih`sy vjoN rwm isµG ny Awpxy cyilAW ƒ smwDW bxwaux dy iKælwPæ BVkwieAw[ aus ny smwD bxwauxw is`KI dy mUloN ault d`isAw[ aunHW ny buq pRsqI dy i^lw& prcwr kIqw[ aus dy Aijhy bolW dw Asr kuJ q`qy nOjvwnW ’qy hoieAw Aqy aunHW ny pµjwb dy kuJ ih`isAW ivc smwDW FwhuxIAW SurU kr idqIAW[ smwDW Fwhux dI sB qoN pihlw AYkSn 7 julweI 1866 dy idn luiDAwxw ivc hoieAw[ pihlI sqµbr 1866 dy idn kUikAW ny &Irozpur ivc kuJ smwDW Fwh id`qIAW[ ieh kwrvweI 20 AkqUbr 1866 dy idn &Irozpur ’c iPr dohrweI geI[ 12 dsµbr 1866 ƒ luiDAwxy ivc qy 5 jnvrI 1867 ƒ isAwlkot ivc vI kuJ smwDW FwhIAW geIAW sn[ huiSAwrpur ivc kuJ kUikAW ny ihµdUAW dyvI dyviqAW dy bu`q vI Bµn id`qy[ ienHW ivc iek gW dw buq vI sI[ kUikAW dy ies AYkSn ny ihµdUAW ivc gu`sw Br idqw qy auh ies kUkw-toly nUM ihµdU-ivroDI tolw kihx lg pey[
pr ieh CyqI hI ibRitS srkwr dIAW nzrW ivc Aw gey qy aunHW ny ienHW dIAW hrkqW qy kwnUMn qoVy jwx dIAW kwrvweIAW ’qy ingwh r`KxI SurU kr id`qI[ AµgryzW ny 1863 dy A^Ir ivc rwm isµG ’qy ingrwnI vDw id`qI sI qy aus ƒ ipµf ivc iek qrHW nwl nzrbµd kr idqw hoieAw sI[ aus ƒ ikqy vI jwx qoN pihlW pulIs dI AgwaUN iejwzq lYxI pYNdI sI[ ies mgroN auh bhuqw smW BYxI ipMf ivc hI irhw pr 1867 dI mwrc ivc aus ny srkwr qoN Anµdpur swihb jwx vwsqy mnzUrI lY leI[ ies vyly Anµdpur swihb dy gurduAwirAW ’qy AkwlIAW (inhµgW) dw kbzw sI[ auh au~Qy pµQk irvwieqW hI inBwauNdy sn[ auh Awpxy Awp ƒ Awzwd kOm kihµdy sn qy AµgryzI hkUmq dI zrw-mwsw vI prvwh nhIN krdy sn[ AµgryzW v`loN rwm isµG ƒ Anµdpur swihb jwx dI iejwzq dyx ip`Cy iek kwrn ieh vI sI ik auh AkwlIAW vwsqy msly KVHy krny cwhuµdy sn[ Anµdpur dy rsqy ivc rwm isµG dI do Agryz A&srW, mYk AYNfiraU Aqy prikns, nwl mulwkwq krvweI geI[ ies mOky ’qy &zl husYn nW dw iek pulIs ieµspYktr vI hwizr sI[ ies mIitµg mgroN AµgryzW ny rwm isµG dI nzrbµdI vI ^qm kr idqI[ ies dy nwl hI srkwr ny Awpxy kuJ sUhIey aus dy cyly bxw ky aus dy nwl joV idqy[ auN\ ies mgroN rwm isµG nwl nvyN lok Swiml nhIN hoey qy aus dy cyilAW dI igxqI isr& kuJ sYNkVy qk hI mihdUd rih geI[
PrvrI 1869 ivc kUky rupwxw (nyVy mukqsr) ivc iek iek`T kr rhy sn[ ies iek`T ivc puils dw ifptI suprfYNt dIvwn b^S vI hwizr sI[ jd aus ny iek bulwry dI bolI ’qy ieqrwz kIqw qW kuJ kUikAW ny aus dI qlvwr Koh leI Aqy aus dI ku`t-mwr vI kIqI[ jd ies dI ^br &Irozpur dy AYs.pI. ƒ pu`jI qW aus ny pulIs &ors Byj idqI[ pihlW qW kUikAW ny pulIs dw ivroD kIqw pr A^Ir hiQAwr su`t id`qy[ pulIs ny 44 kUikAW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies mgroN &Irozpur pulIs ny kUikAW dIAW kwrvweIAW bµd krvw idqIAW[ 1870 ivc Aijhw iek hukm kSmIr srkwr ny vI jwrI kIqw[
kUikAW ny bu`cV mwry
AprYl 1870 ivc kuJ kUky bRwhmxW dy Asr hyTW Awauxy SurU gey[ kUikAW ivc Swiml hoey vYSno (ihµdU) DVy ny CyqI hI pRcwr vI SurU kr idqw[ smwDW Fwhux nwl nwrwz hoey ihµdUAW ny kUikAW dw rwh bdlx vwsqy aunHW nUM vYSnUM Drm nwl joVn vwsqy iek nvW pYNqVw SurU kIqw[ aunHW ny ienHW ƒ AYNtI-muslm lihr v`l tor id`qw[ kuJ icr pihlW hI AµgryzW ny AµimRqsr ivc iek bu`cVKwnw KoilAw sI, ij`Qy gaUAW vI mwrIAW jWdIAW sn[ is`K Drm ivc gaU piv`qr jwnvr nhIN hY, ies kr ky ies ƒ mwrn jW nw mwrn dw is`K Drm nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ pr cwlwk bRwhmxW ny kUikAW ƒ ies gaU-riKAk AYNtI-is`K kwrvweI vl tor ilAw[ bRwhmxW ny kUikAW ƒ Puslw ky ies bu`cV Kwny dI ivroDqw SurU krvw idqI[ ies BVkwht hyTW kuJ kUikAW ny 14 jUn 1870 dy idn AµimRqsr dy bu`cVKwny ’qy hmlw kr ky kuJ bu`cV mwr id`qy[ auh ieh AYkSn kr ky cupcwp inkl gey qy srkwr ƒ ienHW kwqlW dI Snw^q vI nw ho skI[
ies mgroN 16 julweI 1871 dy idn kUikAW ny rweykot ivc iek bu`cVKwny ’qy hmlw kIqw Aqy kuJ bu`cV kql kr idqy[ ienHW kUikAW ivcoN mµgl isµG, msqwn isµG, srmuK isµG, gulwb isµG qy keI hor PVy gey[ gulwb isµG srkwrI gvwh bx igAw[ aus ny AµimRqsr dy bu`cVW dy kqlW dy nW vI ds idqy[ ienHW swirAW ’qy mukdmw clwieAw igAw Aqy bu`cVW dy kwql kUikAW ƒ PWsI dy idqI geI[ ies mgroN kUikAW dIAW kwrvweIAW iek vwr Pyr ruk geIAW[
jnvrI 1872 ivc rwm isµG ny kUikAW ƒ BYxI s`d ky mwGI dw idn mnwaux vwsqy iek`T kIqw[ ies pMj-s`q sO kUikAW dy iek`T ivc koeI isAwsI g`l nhIN hoeI qy nw hI gurbwxI kIrqn qoN isvw kuJ hor hoieAw[ swrw smwgm lµgr vrqwaux qk Aml-Amwn nwl cldw irhw qy Swm qoN pihlW lok GrW ƒ muVn lg pey[ muVdy toilAW ivcoN iek toly ny mlyrkotly dy bu`cVW ƒ mwrn dI plwn bxweI[ rsqy ivc auh mlOd ruky qy au~QoN hiQAwr corI kIqy[ ies mgroN aunHW ny 15 jnvrI ƒ mlyrkotlw dy ^zwny ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies mOky ’qy au~Qy qweInwq Amly ny aunHW dw twkrw kIqw[ ies lVweI ivc pulIs qy kUikAW dohW dy kw&I bµdy mwry gey[
rwm isMG Awp ieho ijhIAW dihSqgrdI dIAW kwrvweIAW dy i^lw& sI[ aus ny qW AMgryzI pulIs nUM vI ies dI ieqlwh id`qI sI qy ikhw sI ik ieho ijhy cyly aus dy AwKy ivc nhIN hn[ rwm isMG gW dI pUjw jW smwDW Fwhux dw ihmwieqI vI nhIN sI[
bu`cVW dy kwql kUikAW nMU szwvW
mlyrkotlw dy hmly mgroN srkwr ny kUikAW dIAW igR&qwrIAW SurU kr idqIAW[ srkwr ny kUikAW nwl s^qI nwl inptx dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies &Ysly hyT 49 kUikAW ƒ mlyrkotlw ivc qopW A`gy KVHy kr ky aufw idqw igAw[ Agly idn 16 hor kUikAW ƒ vI iehI szw idqI geI[
rwm isMG dI igR&qwrI
kUikAW dIAW ienHW kwrvweIAW nwl bwbw rwm isMG dw koeI sbMD nhIN sI pr ikauNik ieh hrkqW krn vwly aus dy cyly sn ies kr ky A`gy hor AYkSn rokx vwsqy AMgryzW ny rwm isµG ƒ vI 17 jnvrI 1872 dy idn BYxI qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ aus ƒ 1818 dy AYkt iqMn hyT igR&qwr kIqw igAw Aqy Alwhwbwd Byj idqw igAw qy mgroN rµgUn Byj idqw igAw, ij`Qy auh 29 nvµbr 1885 dy idn mr igAw[
rwm isµG dI lihr audoN ‘kUkw’ lihr kr ky jwxI jWdI sI[ bwbw rwm isµG bwbw bwlk isµG dw SrDwlU zrUr sI, pr ieh koeI g`dI nhIN sI[ dUjw, bwlk isµG dw imSn, jo ‘AiBAwsI’ vjoN jwixAw jWdw sI, pUrI qrHW BgqI dI lihr sI[ (aus nUM XwrHvW gurU kihxw aus nwl vI zulm hY[ auN\ kmwl hY ik is`K mhwrwjy vI Awpxy XwrHvyN gurU nw pCwx nw sky!)[ rwm isµG bwlk isMG dw pRsMsk zrUr sI pr cylw nhIN sI[ auN\ auh jigAwsI jW Bgq vI nhIN sI blik isr& iek &OjI sI ijs dw suBwA Dwrimk sI[ nOkrI qoN k`Fy jwx kr ky auh AµgRyzW dy i^lw& sI[ (ivcwrw ieh bwrHvW ‘gurU’ vI iek is`K rwjy dI &Oj ivc nOkr sI[ rwjy Awpxy bwrHvyN gurU nUM pCwx nw sky[ vrnw Swied auh aus nUM &Oj dw muKI hI bxw dyNdy[ AMgRyzW ny is`KW dy ‘bwrHvyN gurU’ nUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw)[ jd aus kol do-iqµn sO cyly Aw gey qW aus ny ‘AwgU’ hox dw Aihsws krnw SurU kr idqw[ ies dy bwvjUd auh koeI ienklwbI nhIN sI[ auh iek injI ros dw BirAw pr Dwrimk qy suDwrk srgrm S^S sI[ aus dy huµidAW kUikAW dI igxqI iek hzwr vI nhIN sI[ aus dy igR&qwr hox mgroN ies j`Qy dw mwmUlI ijµnw vjUd vI nw irhw[ aus dI igR&qwrI dy i^lw& zrw-mwsw vI Awvwz nw au~TI qy nw hI aus mgroN kUikAW dI koeI kwrvweI hoeI[ rwm isµG dw Asr isr& BYxI qy luiDAwxw dy kuJ ielwky, mlyrkotlw irAwsq dy iek-do ipµfW Aqy &Irozpur dy luiDAwxw izlHy dI srhd nwl lgdy do kuJ ipµfW qk hI mihdUd sI[ 1872 ivc rwm isµG dI igR&qwrI qy jlwvqnI mgroN au~Qy pulIs dI iek cONkI ibTw idqI geI, jo CyqI hI iek rsmI cONkI bx ky rih geI ikauNik hux lok kUikAW dy toly nUM C`f gey sn qy koeI kUkw au~Qy nhIN sI AwauNdw[
kUky nwmDwrI ikvyN bxy
rwm isµG dI mOq (1885) qoN kw&I icr mgroN qk vI ies j`Qy dw nW ‘nwmDwrI’ nhIN sI[ ieh koeI lihr nhIN sI[ 1920 ivc jdoN AkwlI lihr SurU hoeI Aqy gurduAwrw suDwr vwsqy srgrm kwrvweIAW SurU hoeIAW Aqy hr pwisEN is`K ies lihr ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy Awey[ Aµgryz hwkm gurduAwirAW au~qy kwbz mhµqW dy nwl sn[
pihlW-pihlW ‘snwqnI is`K’ dy lybl hyT gurU swihbwn dy vwirs (bydI, qryhn, B`ly qy soFI) mhµqW dI mdd vwsqy in`qry pr pµQk roh hyT auh cup kr ky bYT gey[ mhMqW ny inhµgW ƒ vI AkwlI lihr dy i^lw& vrqx dI koiSS kIqI, pr bwbw ikhr isµG p`tI inhµg AkwlI dl dy nwl irhw, ies kr ky inhµgW ƒ vI mhMq jW Aµgryz vrq nw sky[ ies mgroN aunHW ny rwm isµG dy Brw ƒ BYxI ivc phuµc kIqI[ rwm isµG dy BqIjy pRqwp isµG (pu`qr hrI isµG) ƒ pihlW qW ‘nwmDwrI’ kih ky rwm isµG dw vwirs bxw ky pyS kIqw igAw pr mgroN ies ƒ ‘i&rkw’ qy iPr ‘qyrHvW gurU’ bxw ky is`K Drm dy i^lw& lihr vjoN KVHw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ jdoN Aµgryz ienHW ƒ AwpxI mrzI nwl vrqx ivc kwmXwb ho gey qW aunHW ny 1922 ivc BYxI ipµf ivcoN pulIs cONkI vI htw leI[ hux rwm isµG dw BqIjw pRqwp isµG AµgryzW, qy ^ws kr ky eIsweI imSnrIAW, dIAW hdwieqW nwl clx lg ipAw[
ies toly ny rwm isµG ƒ bwrHvW gurU (bwlk isµG ƒ XHwrvW gurU kih ky) bxwaux dI swizS ’qy Aml SurU kr idqw[ pRqwp isµG ny Awpxy Awp ƒ qyrHvW gurU kihxw SurU kr idqw[ ieh SryAwm gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ r`d krnw sI[
pihlW-pihl qW AkwlI AwgU ienHW bwry cup rhy pr 1941 ivc jdoN ienHW ny gurU gRµQ swihb dy vrky (pqry) Alg-Alg kr ky iek-iek pqry dw pwT krn dw ku&r krn dw AYlwn kIqw qW is`K AwgUAW ny ‘kUkw ku&r qoV’ kwn&rµsW kr ky ienHW dy i^lw& kdm cuky (vyKo: ivswKw isMG dI ikqwb mwlvw ieiqhws)[ pr ieh AkwlI AwgUAW dI byvkUPæI sI ik is`K Drm dy SryAwm ault hox dy bwvjUd ienHW ƒ ‘Awl pwrtIz is`K kwn&rµs’ ivc is`KW dy ih`sy vjoN bulwauNdy rhy[ ieh kwrvweI 1946-47 qk vI kIqI jWdI rhI sI[
kUikAW v`loN mhMqW dI mdd
nw qW rwm isµG ^ud ƒ gurU mµndw sI qy nw hI aus dI koeI kwrvweI AijhI sI ijs qoN zwhr hovy ik auh gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ gurU nhIN sI mµndw[ ieh qW 1920 ivc AµgryzW ny mhµqW rwhIN rwm isMG dy Brw nUM nwmDwrIAW drjw dy ky gurduAwrw suDwr lihr dy i^lw& vrqx vyly rwm isµG dy BqIjy qoN gurU-fµm dw pRcwr SurU krvwieAw sI[ AkwlI lihr SurU hMuidAW hI 1920 ivc ienHW ny h&qwvwr A^bwr ‘sqjug’ qy iPr 1922 ivc rozwnw ‘kUkw’ A^bwr SurU kIqw (nwmDwrI nW Ajy vI nhIN vriqAw)[ ieh mhMq nrYxU dIAW mIitMgW ivc Swiml ho ky aus vwsqy jwx vwrn dIAW ksmW KWdy rhy (vyKo: is`K qvwrI^, ijld qIjI, ivc nwnkwxw sihb dy swky vwlw ih`sw)[ ienHW A^bwrW ivc pihlW qW gurudAwrw suDwr lihr dI mu^wl&q SurU kIqI geI qy iPr rwm isµG dy BqIjy pRqwp ƒ gurU bxw ky pyS kIqw igAw[ ieh qW drbwr swihb Aw ky XwrHvyN-bwrHvyN gurU dI Ardws krn dI koiSS vI krdy rhy (vyKo: is`K qvwrI^, ijld qIjI, s&w 715 ‘qy vyKo: A^bwr dI &oto)[
nwmDwrI gurU swihbwn Aqy KMfy dI pwhul (AMimRq) dI byAdbI vI krdy rhy[ (is`K qvwrI^, ijld qIjI, s&w 716 ‘qy vyKo: A^bwr dI &oto)[
AµgryzW ny nwmDwrIAW v`loN mhMqW dI mdd Aqy is`KI dy i^lw& gurUfMm KVHw krn dy eInwm vjoN BYxI ’coN pulIs cOkI htw leI qy swrIAW bµidSW htw leIAW (is`K qvwrI^, ijld qIjI, s&w 717 ‘qy vyKo: A^bwr dI &oto)[ srkwr ny hux ies DVy ƒ iek sµprdw Aqy iPr is`KW dy gurU vjoN pyS krnw SurU kr idqw Aqy pUrw mwx, mdd qy srprsqI dyxI SurU kr id`qI[ ienHW ny srkwr nwl gMF-qup kr ky SRomxI kmytI bxn qoN rokx vwsqy, is`KW nwl tkwrE pYdw krn dIAW kwrvweIAW 1925 qk Sry-Awm kIqIAW[ (is`K qvwrI^, ijld qIjI, s&w 718 ‘qy vyKo 1925 dI A^bwr dI &oto)[
kI kUky (A`j dy nwmDwrI) is`K hn?
1947 qoN mgroN kUky kWgrs dy v&wdwr bx gey qy A`j qk kUky kWgrs dy ihmwieqI rhy hn qy rihxgy[ kUky iksy vI nukqy qoN is`K nhIN mµny jw skdy[ auh gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ gurU nhIN mµndy; auh A`g duAwly Pyry lYNdy hn; auh gW dI pUjw krdy hn; auh dyhDwrI gurUfµm dw pwKµf krdy hn[ kUky is`KW vwsqy ‘kwi&r’ hn qy ienHW dw drjw mIixAW, rwmrweIAW Aqy DIrm`lIAW (jW inrMkwrIAW, AwSUqoSIAW/nUrmihlIAW, srsw fyry vwlw) vrgw hY[ auh gurU gRµQ swihb dy ‘ivroDI’ hn[ kUky ihµdUAW dw iek i&rkw qW ho skdy hn pr auh is`K nhIN hn[
rwm isµG ny Awpxy Awp ƒ kdy ‘nwmDwrI’ vI nhIN sI ikhw[ auh qW Kud ƒ ‘gurU’ qW kI iek sµq, igAwnI, bRhmigAwnI, jQydwr, bwbw vI nhIN sI AKvwaNudw[ auh qW gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ hI gurU mµndw sI qy ies ’qy Aml krn vwsqy nsIhqW dyNdw sI[ ieh sB kuJ aus dy ^qW ivc SryAwm iliKAw imldw hY[ AKOqI nwmDwrIAW ƒ is`KW ny kdy kbUl nhIN kIqw[ iesy kr ky Aj vI (2008 ivc) aunHW dI igxqI swrI dunIAW ivc fyF-do l`K qoN vD nhIN[ ienHW ivcoN 10 hzwr QweIlYNf Aqy hor dySW ivc hn[ koeI vI s`cw is`K ies toly ivc Swiml hox vwsqy iqAwr nhIN ikauNik ieh ku&r dw pRcwr krdy hn qy ieh is`K nhIN hn[ pMjwb ivc ienHW dIAW isr& pMjwh hzwr dy krIb votW hn[ ieh kWgrs pwrtI dy v&wdwr hn Aqy 90% aus ƒ hI votW pwauNdy hn qy aunHW qoN hI mwx-snmwn lYˆdy hn[
auN\ ienHW ny pRkwS isµG bwdl ƒ vI byvkU& bxw ky, votW dw JUTw lwlc dy ky, aus dy 1997-2002 dy Aihd ivc, aus qoN gurU nwnk XUnIvristI ivc rwm isµG dy nW ’qy iek cyAr kwiem krvw leI[ pr is`KW dy pRotYst mgroN ies dw nW bdl ky ‘nwmDwrI siqgurU cyAr’ kr id`qw[
nwmDwrIAW ny 2007-08 vI ivc bwdl qoN, rwm isMG dI kUkw ‘lihr’ dw sOvW swl mnwaux dy nW ’qy, keI hor pRwjYktW vwsqy vI kroVW rupY Krc krvwey[ iPr iesy ‘AkwlI’ AKvwauNdy cI& minstr bwdl ny rwm isMG dI &oto Aqy aus dy Brw dy ^wndwn nUM ‘siqgurU’ AwK ky m`Qy vI tyky[
(ies dy bwvjUd bwdl nUM kdyy vI pMj hzwr qoN vD vot nwmDwrI vot, auh vI suirMdr isMG nwmDwrI DVy dI, swry pMjwb ivc nhIN pY skygI[ pr jo kImq bwdl qwrdw hY auh bhuq-bhuq vD hY)[
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mgroN srkwrI qy kUkw lyKkW ny nwmDwrIAW Aqy ^ws kr ky rwm isµG ƒ ‘svdySI’ lihr dw moFI bxw ky pyS krn vwsqy JUT ilKxw SurU kr idqw[ aunHW iliKAw ik rwm isµG ny lokW ƒ ApIl kIqI ik auh srkwrI nOkrIAW nw krn, srkwrI skUlW-kwljW ’c pVHweI nw krn, srkwrI AdwlqW dw bweIkwt krn Aqy vlYqI kpVy nw vrqx[ qvwrI^ nwl eyfI izAwdqI ƒ kWgrs pwrtI ny vI kbUl kr ilAw[hwlWik ies qoN ieh nqIjw vI inkldw sI ik gWDI ny nwimlvrqx lihr dw qrIkw rwm isµG qoN isiKAw sI[ auN\ ieh korw JUT hY ikauNik rwm isµG dy huµidAW nw qW lokW ƒ srkwrI nOkrIAW idqIAW jw rhIAW sn, nw hI Ajy srkwrI skUl KulHy sn (dsµbr 1862 ivc audoN dy pµjwb, ijs ivc isMD, bloicsqwn, jµmU kSmIr vI Swiml sn, kul 8 jixAW ny dsvIN jmwq pws kIqI sI), Ajy &OjdwrI jW isvl kwƒn jW AdwlqW vI nhIN sn bxIAW ies kr ky srkwrI AdwlqW dy bweIkwt dw svwl hI nhIN sI[ Ajy dyS ivc vlYqI kpVy dw nW-inSwn vI nhIN sI ies kr ky ivdySI kpiVAW dI ivroDqw dw mqlb hI nhIN sI[ (fwktr gµfw isµG dw lyK ‘kUkw lihr’, ikqwb pµjwb: BweI joD isµG AiBnµdn gRµQ, s&w 115 qoN 122)[ nwmDwrIAW dI AKOqI
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rwm isµG ny kdy ^ud ƒ ‘gurU’ nhIN sI mµinAw[ auh qW SryAwm gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ gurU AwK ky isr JukwauNdw sI[ aus dIAW ilKIAW ic`TIAW ivcoN ieh l&z kwbly-gOr hn: ‘‘mYN qW gurU nhIN rptIey dI mw&k hW[ 10[’’ (cyq vdI 2, swl 1937, ibkrmI, Xwin 1880 dI ic`TI) ‘‘gurUAW gurU gRµQ swihb gurU hY, so sbd gurU[ 18[’’ ‘‘mYN qW nw gurU bxn dI loV hY, nw mYN gurU hW, mYˆ qW hukmI bµdw hW[ 23[[’’ ‘‘hor BweI dsW pwqSwhIAW qoN ipCY gurU qW mhwrwj jI gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ iesQwpn kr gey sn, jo sdw hI iesiQq hY, hor gurU koeI nhIN[[ 55[[’’ (fw. gµfw isµG, kUikAW dI iviQAw)[
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(fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)