gWDI dw iek rUp ieh vI
(ds swl aus nwl ie`ko Gr ivc rihx vwlI XUrpIn bIbI imsz imlI dI ingwh ivc)
gWDI dI izMdgI bwry Aqy aus dy isAwsI qy Dwrimk ivcwrW bwry sYNkVy ikqwbW ilKIAW jw cukIAW hn[ aus dI svY jIvnI vI hY[ pr, jo kuJ imlI polk ny “imstr gWDI: d mYn” ivc aus dI S^sIAq dw nkSw iKicAw hY auh ^ws qy inrwlw hY[ ies ikqwb dw muK bMd sI. AY&. AYNfiraUz ny iliKAw sI[ imlI grwhm polk dw sbMD gWDI nwl lgwqwr 10 swl 1905 qoN 1915 qk irhw sI[ imlI dw pqI hYnrI AYs. AYl. polk, gWDI nwl swaUQ A&rIkw ivc vkwlq krdw sI[ imlI dw sbMD gWDI nwl 1905 ivc audoN bixAw sI jd auh hYnrI dI mMgyqr sI[ imlI dI ishq kmzor sI, ies kr ky hYnrI dw bwp cwhuMdw sI ik imlI qy hYnrI dw ivAwh Enw smW ruk jwvy jd qk aus dI ishq TIk nhIN huMdI[ aus ny gWDI nUM ikhw ik auh ies ivAwh nUM rokx ivc mdd kry[ gWDI ny hYnrI dy bwp nUM smJwieAw ik lMfn dy mOsm ivc imlI dI ishq kmzor hoeI hY pr swaUQ A&rIkw dw mOsm bhuq vDIAw hY qy auQy jw ky ieh iblkul TIk ho jwvygI[ gWDI ny jo slwh hYnrI dy bwp nUM id`qI auh aus ny imlI nUM vI ^q ilK ky ds id`qI[ ies nwl imlI gWDI ‟qy bhuq ^uS hoeI qy ies ny gWDI nUM aus dw “ipAwrw Aqy aus nUM smJx vwlw v`fw Brw” bxw id`qw[ (s&w 11)
gWDI dw srUp ibAwn krdI hoeI auh ilKdI hY ik auh Coty k`d dw, pqly ijhy FWcy vwlw sI; aus dI cmVI kuJ Gt kwlI sI, bu`lH kuJ moty sn qy CotI ijhI gihrI mu`C sI[ jd auh boldw sI qW aus dIAW A`KW ivc cmk Aw jWdI sI[ aus dw ivAwh krvwaux ivc rol Adw krn kr ky, auh aus dI qwrI& krdI hoeI ilKdI hY ik “aus dIAW A`KW aus dw sB qoN vD kwbly-izkr AMg sn, jo drAsl aus dI Awqmw dI dIvy sn” (s&w 12).
imlI dsdI hY ik auh aus nUM pihlI vwr 30 dsMbr 1905 dy idn imlI sI[ aus vyly auh AwpxI pqnI „bw‟(ksqUrbw) Aqy iqMn pu`qrW (mnI lwl 11, rwmdws 9 qy dyvdws 6) nwl swaUQ A&rIkw dy ngr jOhYnsbrg ivc rih irhw sI[ imlI dsdI hY ik gWDI ny b`icAW nUM skUl nhIN sI ByijAw[ auh Gr ivc hI aunHW nUM muK qOr ‟qy gujrwqI hI pVHwauNdw sI[ d&qr jwx smyN aunHW nUM bhuq swrw hom vrk dy jWdw sI qy Aw ky aus kMm nUM cY~k krdw sI[ ieh vyK ky imlI ny b`icAW nUM QoVHI-QoVHI AMgryzI isKwauxI SurU kr id`qw[ gWDI dI GrvwlI zrw mwsw AMgryzI qW jwxdI sI, pr auh iksy nwl g`lbwq nhIN sI krdI[ hwlW ik imlI qy aus dw Grvwlw ie`ko Gr ivc rihMdy sn pr gWDI dI GrvwlI imlI nwl vI gWDI dy rwhIN hI g`lbwq krdI sI[ iek idn gWDI bwhr igAw hoieAw sI; ies mjbUrI dI hwlq ivc imlI qy ksqUrbw ivc is`DI g`lbwq dI SurUAwq hoeI sI[ (s&w 14)
imlI dsdI hY ik gWDI bIvI qy b`icAW dIAW zrUrqW dw i^Awl nhIN rKdw sI[ hor qW hor gWDI Awpxy b`icAW dy kpiVAW Aqy ju`qIAW dI loV vI pUrI nhIN krdw sI[ jd „bw‟ (ksqUrbw) dI imlI nwl isDI glbwq SurU ho geI qW „bw‟ imlI koloN bwpU (gujrwqI ivc ipqw nUM bwpU kihMdy hn) nUM is&wrS kr ky AwpxIAW Aqy b`icAW dIAW zrUrqW pUrIAW krvwaux lg peI[ (s&w 22).
imlI dsdI hY ik gWDI ny b`icAW nUM skUl nhIN sI Byjdw auh aunHW nUM AMgryzW vwlI pVHweI nhIN sI krvwauxw cwhuMdw (hwlW ik gWDI ny ^ud gujrwq ivc vI qy lMfn ivc vI AMgryzI ividAw hwisl kIqI sI)[ aus dw v`fw muMfw (mnI lwl) skUl jwxw cwhuMdw sI[ mnI lwl ny imlI nUM bynqI kIqI ik auh bwpU kol aus dI is&wrS kry[ pr gWDI ts qoN ms nw hoieAw qy swaUQ A&rIkw ivc rihx dOrwn gWDI nyy b`icAW nUM skUl nhIN ByijAw[ (s&w 22, s&w 54)[.
gWDI b`icAW nUM AMgryzI kpVy vI nhIN sI pwaux dyNdw (hwlW ik auh ^ud swaUQ A&rIkw ivc d&qr jwx vyly isr& AMgryzI kpVy pwauNdw sI)[ imlI dy bhuq vwr AwKx ‟qy gWDI ny b`icAW nUM AMgryzI kpVy pwaux id`qy sn[ (s&w 22).
imlI ny ksqUrbw dy iz`dI suBwau dw izkr vI kIqw hY[ auh dsdI hY ik iek idn gWDI dy Gr Kwxw Kwx vwsqy kuJ gory mihmwn Awey[ aunHW ny ksqUrbw v`l vyK ky Aqy BwrqI rihx-sihx sbMDI mzwk vwlIAW it`pxIAW kIqIAW[ ies ‟qy ksqUrbw nUM bhuq gu`sw l`igAw qy auh rus ky Awpxy kmry ivc clI geI qy Kwxy dy myz ‟qy nw AweI[ gWDI ny b`icAW rwhIN aus nUM bulw ByijAw, pr auh nw AweI[ iPr gWDI ^ud aus nUM bulwaux igAw; pr auh iPr vI nw AweI[ ies qoN bwAd ksqUrbw muV ky kdy vI goirAW nwl nw bYTI[ (s&w 23-24).
gWDI dw iek muMfw Kwx dw lwlcI sI[ iek idn qMg Aw ky gWDI ny aus nUM vD qoN vD Kwx dI KulH dy id`qI[ auh KweI igAw qy KWdw-KWdw hI myz ‟qy isr r`K ky hI sON igAw[ kuJ icr mgroN auT ky iPr Kwx lg ipAw[ pr CyqI hI iF`f pIV nwl rox lg ipAw[ gWDI ny aus nUM cup qk nhIN krvwieAw[ (s&w 24).
imlI dsdI hY ik iek idn iek AOrq imlI nUM imlx AweI[ auh pu`Cx l`gI kI gWDI eIsweI hY? drAsl gWDI bweIbl Aqy eIsweIAW dy imQhws ivcoN bhuq hvwly dyNdw rihMdw sI (Swied aunHW nUM ^uS krn vwsqy)[ gWDI dy d&qr ivc aus dI kursI dy ip`Cy eIsw msIh dI qsvIr ltkdI sI[ aus dy kmry ivc bu`D jW ikRSn dI koeI qsvIr nhIN sI[ eIsw msIh qoN ielwvw iqMn hor qsvIrW sn: jsits rwnwfy, eyn bysYNt qy sr ivlIAm ivlsn hMtr[ aus dy Gr ivc vI iek qsvIr eIsw msIh dI Aqy dUjI dwdw BweI nwrojI dI sI[ (s&w 29-30).
imlI ny iek vwr gWDI nUM pu`iCAw ik kI qyry mn ivc kdy eIsweI bxn dw vI i^Awl AwieAw sI? qW gWDI ny ikhw “mYN iek vwr sMjIdgI nwl eIsweI Drm A^iqAwr krn bwry soicAw sI”[ pr iPr mYN dyiKAw ik jo vDIAw g`lW eIsweI Drm ivc hn auh swfy Drm ivc vI hn[ AsIN swry BweI hW[ ihMdU Drm, ieslwm qy zoroAstrIAn swry Drm iehI g`lW kihMdy hn[ (s&w 33).
imlI ilKdI hY ik gWDI AOrqW nUM brwbrI dyx dy h`k ivc nhIN sI[ auh g`l nUM twlx vwsqy kihMdw sI ik ihMdU Drm ivc AOrq nUM bhuq ie`zq hwisl hY[ aus nUM bhuq qwkqvr mMinAw igAw hY[ auh sivqrI qy siqAwvwn dI kQw suxwaux lg pYNdw sI[ hwlWik aus kQw ivc vI pqI dI au~cqw d`sI hY qy sivqrI nUM pqI nUM izMdw r`Kx vwsqy j`dojihd krdy d`isAw hY[ ieho ijhy nukiqAW ‟qy gWDI jvwb dyx dI bjwey pOrwixk khwxIAW suxwaux lg pYNdw sI Aqy jvwb twldw rihMdw sI[ (s&w 34-35).
imlI ilKdI hY ik iek vwr frbn ngr ivc gWDI qy ksqUrbw Aqy hYnrI qy imlI Kwxw Kwx dI dwAvq ‟qy iek muslmwn dy Gr gey[ aus dIAW do bIvIAW sn[ muslmwn AOrqW prwey mrdW qoN prdw krdIAW hn ies kr ky auh burikAW ivc sn[ jd auh au~Qy pu`jy qW auh dovy auT ky znwn^wny ivc clIAW geIAW[ gWDI ny izd kr ky imlI qy ksqUrbw nUM ikhw ik auh vI mrdW dy nwl nw bYTx qy AMdr znwn^wny ivc clIAW jwx[ imlI dsdI hY ik AMdr jw ky vI aunHW AorqW ny swfy nwl koeI g`l nhIN kIqI qy AsI swrw smW bor huMdIAW rhIAW[ (s&w 39-40).
gWDI Gr ivc iKVkIAW „qy prdy lwaux Aqy &rS ‟qy drI ivCwaux dy h`k ivc vI nhIN sI[ jd imlI ny ies vwsqy ikhw qW auh kihx l`gw “pridAW dI kI loV hY; sgoN iKVkIAW ivcoN bwhr kudrq dw nzwrw vyKo[” imlI ny gWDI nwl ^Ub bihs kIqI[ A^Ir imlI dI ij`q hoeI Aqy pridAW vwsqy kpVw Aw igAw qy imlI ny prdy bxw id`qy[ gWDI Ajy vI tkorW lwauNdw irhw ik dyK qyrw prdy isaUx ‟qy ikMnw smW ivArQ igAw hY; ies smyN ivc koeI igAwn hwisl kr lYxw sI[ ies ‟qy it`pxI krdI hoeI imlI kihMdI hY ik jd ieMfIAw jw ky gWDI qklI qy cr^y dI g`l krn lg ipAw sI qW kI aus nUM ieh Xwd nw AweAw ik ienHW kMmW ‟qy vI smW ivArQ jWdw hY[ auh ilKdI hY: “I sometimes wonder whether, as he spins his khadi-thread with his mind on many problems, does he recall these conversations”. (s&w 56-57).
imlI ieh vI ilKdI hY ik gWDI iek qrHW nwl b`cy pYdw krn dy i^lw& sI (hwlW ik aus ny ^ud 3 b`cy pYdw kIqy sn)[ auh kihMdw sI ik ieh „sYks dy AnMd‟ dw nqIjw hY[ ies ‟qy imlI ny ikhw ik “jy ieh Zlq hY qW iPr r`b ^ud Zlq hoxw hY ikauNik auh iesy qrIky nwl hI b`cy pYdw krdw hY[ ies qoN ibnW qW ieh DrqI ‟qy ienswnI izMdgI ^qm ho jwvygI[” ies ‟qy gWDI ny ikhw ik kI ieh bhuq iBAwnk hovygw? (Xwin DrqI ‟qy ienswnI jIvn dw ^qm hoxw v`fI g`l nhIN)[ ies qoN ieh vI ikAws lg skdw hY ik gWDI ienswnI hoNd dI koeI zrUrq nhIN smJdw sI[ (s&w 78).
imlI dsdI hY ik iek vwrI gWDI ny iek ku`qw pwilAw sI[ auh aus nUM isr& swkwhwrI ^urwk idAw krdw sI[ kuJ mhIny bIqx mgroN gWDI ny ikhw “vyKo ku`qw swkwhwrI Bojn ‟qy vI izMdw rih skdw hY[” pr kuJ idn mgroN pqw l`gw ik auh ku`qw guAWFIAW dIAW murgIAW nUM k`cw cbw jWdw sI[ jd gWDI nUM ieh d`isAw igAw qW auh JyNp igAw[ (s&w 84).
gWDI ikhw krdw sI ik b`icAW nUM srIrk szw nhIN dyxI cwhIdI[ pr iek vwr au~Qy iek muMfw AYsw vI AwieAw jo bhuq lVwkw sI[ aus ny iek vwr iek Coty b`cy dy isr ‟qy bYt mwirA, Acwxk aus nwl s`t nhIN l`gI[ pr, ies ‟qy gWDI nUM bhuq gu`sw AwieAw[ gWDI ny imlI dy Gr vwly hYnrI nUM ikhw ik ies muMfy nUM cMgI qrHW ku`to[(s&w 108).
imlI muqwibk iek vwr lIlHw nW dI iek 20 swl dI lVkI jo SwdI-Sudw sI au~Qy rihx AweI sI[ aus ny iek lVky nwl srIrk Bu`K dUr kr leI[ gWDI ny aus qoN pRSicq krvwaux vwsqy ^ud vrq r`iKAw qy dwAvw kIqw ik aus kuVI nUM ies hrkq dw pCqwvw ho igAw hY[ pr imlI ilKdI hY ik ies vrq dw lIlHw ‟qy koeI Asr nhIN hoieAw sI qy aus nUM srIrk Bu`K dUr krnw dw koeI A&sos nhIN sI[ (s&w 118-120).
iek vwr gWDI ny „twlstwey &wrm‟ kwiem krn dw qjrbw kIqw[ ies ivc kuJ nOjvwn vI rihx vwsqy Awey qy kuJ pqI pqnI vI sn[ gWDI ny hdwieq id`qI ik pqI pqnI vI &wrm ivc iekTy nhIN rihxgy[ aus ny &wrm ivc kw&I, KMf, lUx qy jYm vZYrw dI vrqoN ‟qy pwbMdI lw id`qI[ kuJ idn mgroN gWDI ny ikhw ik vyKo lok kw&I, KMf, lUx qy jYm vZYrw qoN ibnw vI rih skdy hn[ pr imlI dsdI hY ik lok kw&I, KMf, lUx qy jYm vZYrw corI lY AWdy sn qy lukw ky rKdy sn[ gWDI Zlq &ihmI ivc hI AwpxI skIm ‟qy ^uS huMdw rihMdw sI[ (s&y 127-28).
imlI dsdI hY ik gWDI gopwl ikRSn goKly dw SrDwlU sI[ iek vwr goKly swaUQ A&rIkw AwieAw sI qy gWDI kol TihirAw sI[ gWDI ny aus dI bhuq syvw krdw sI[ auh Awpxy h`QIN aus dy kpVy pRY~s kirAw krdw sI[ auh aus nUM Awpxw v`fw Brw, isAwsI pQ-pRdrSk Aqy AiDAwpk mMndw sI[ (s&w 136).
imlI gWDI dy pihrwvy dw izkr kridAW ilKdI hY ik swaUQ A&rIkw ivc auh kwlI pgVI Aqy lwaUNj sUt pihxdw sI Aqy AwkVy hoey kwlr rKdw sI qy tweI lwauNdw sI[ lMfn jw ky auh ieMgilS jYNtlmYn vWg islk dI topI, vDIAw mOrinMg sUt, cusq bUt qy jurwbW pihxdw sI; qy Aihmdwbwd ivc DoqI qy Swl aus dw pihrwvw sI[ auh dsdI hY ik 1916 qk aus dy bhuqy dMd tu`t cky sn ikauN ik auh eyisf &rUt (AMb, inMbU, sMgqrw, tmwtr, Anwnws vZYrw) bhuq KWdw sI[ (s&w 142).
imlI gWDI dIAW kuJ AjIb AwdqW dw izkr kridAW dsdI hY ik auh ikhw krdw sI ik cwh pIxw burweI (vice) hY (s&w 119); AwlU iC`ly ibnw Kwxy cwhIdy hn; goBI nUM aubwl ky aus dw pwxI pIxw cwhIdw hY qy goBI nUM su`t dyxw cwhIdw hY[ (s&w 86)
gWDI nvyN-nvyN qjrby krdw rihMdw sI[ iek vwr auh ipAwz dw bVw SOkIn ho igAw Aqy aus ny swQIAW nwl iml ky “Amlgwmytf soswietI Aw& AnIAn eItrz” nW dw gru`p bxw ilAw sI; qy k`cy ipAwz hmySw aus dy Bojn dw ih`sw huMdy sn[ iPr iek idn aus ny ies ibnwA ‟qy ipAwzw Kwxw C`f id`qw ik ieh kwm vyg vDwauNdw hY[ iPr aus ny du`D vI C`f id`qw qy ies nUM vI kwm-vyg vDwaux vwlw krwr dy id`qw[ aus dw kihxw sI ik jd b`cw du`D pINdw hY qW ies nwl kwm dI Bwvnw AwauNdI hY[ aus ny gW dw du`D kdy vI nw pIx dI ksm Kw leI[ (s&y 64-65)[ jd 1917 ivc gWDI bImwr pY igAw qW fwktrW ny aus nUM du`D pIx vwsqy ikhw qW auh AVI kr bYTw ik mYN du`D nw pIx dI shuM KwDI hoeI hY[ ies ‟qy ksqUrbw ny iek cwlwkI KyfI qy ikhw “qUM qW gW dw du`D nw pIx dI shuM KwDI sI, pr bkrI dy du`D dI shuM nhIN KwDI sI[” ies qoN mgroN „bkrI‟ aus dI izMdgI ivc Aw geI qy auh isr& bkrI dw du`D pIx lg ipAw sI[ (s&w 142)[ iek i^Awl rhy ik imlI gWDI Bgq sI qy jo kuJ aus ny iliKAw sI, aus ivc qnz jW Awlocxw nhIN sI blik mwsUmIAq dI Bwvnw nwl kIqw igAw s`cw ibAwn hY[
hrijMdr isMG idlgIr