drbwr swihb ‘qy sonw iks ny cVHwieAw?
drbwr swihb dy p`CmI drvwzy ’qy l`gI iek q^qI aupr ieh iliAw hoieAw hY ik drbwr sihb ‘qy sonw (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG ny cVHwieAw sI[ bhuq swry lyKk ies q^qI dy Asr hyT ieh ilK C`fdy hn ik drbwr swihb nUM vwihgurU dy drbwr dI jgh ‘golfn tYNpl’ rxjIq isMG ny bxwieAw sI[ pr, hkIkq kuJ hor hI hY[
ngr dw mu`F 10 jUn 1564 dy idn b`Jw sI jd guru Amr dws jI dy hukm hyT BweI jyTw (mgroN guru rwmdws) ny quMg ipMf dI kuJ zmIn ies dy mwlkW qoN 700 AkbrI rupY dy ky ^rIdI sI Aqy ies jgh ‘gurU dw c`k ipMf dw mu`F bMinHAw sI[ aunHW ny sB qoN pihlW pwxI dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy sMqoKsr srovr dI KudweI SurU kIqI sI[ pr, Ajy ieh srovr ADUrw hI sI ik guru Amr dws jI ny BweI jyTw nUM vwips bulw ilAw qy ieh ngr ADUrw rih igAw[
1574 ivc jd BweI jyTw guru rwmdws bxy qW auh goieMdvwl qoN guru dw c`k Aw gey Aqy ie`Qy AwpxI irhwieS SurU kIqI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny AMimRqsr (srovr) dI KudweI SurU kIqI[ 1577 ivc ieh srovr bx ky iqAwr ho igAw[ aus vyly ieh srovr k`cw sI pr ies qoN pihlW ik guru jI ies nUM p`kw kr skdy auh 1581 ivc joqI joiq smw gey qy guru Arjn swihb ny gurg`dI sMBwlI[ 3 jnvrI 1588 dy idn guru Arjn swihb ny AMimRqsr srovr dy ivckwr drbwr swihb dI iemwrq dI nINh r`K ky ies dI auswrI SurI kIqI[ (1848 ivc iek muksmwn ilKwrI bUty Swh ny ieh pRcwr SurU kr id`qw ik drbwr swihb dI nINh sweIN mIAW mIr ny r`KI sI)[ 1601 ivc AMimRqsr (srovr) nUM p`kw kr id`qw igAw[ QoVHy icr ivc hI guru dw c`k iek inAwrw ngr bx igAw ijs nwl bRwhmxW Aqy muq`sbI muslmwnW nUM bhuq qklI& hoeI qy auh guru Arjn swihb Aqy is`KW dy vYrI bx gey[
AMimRqsr dI DrqI ny jrvwixAW dy hmly vI vyKy[ sB qoN pihlw hmlw 13 ApRYl 1634 (iek jMqrI muqwibk 15 ApRYl) dy idn hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN 6 Aqy 9 ApRYl 1709 dy idn p`tI dy cODrI hr shwey ny hmlw kIqw sI[ iPr 1716 qoN mgroN ies ngr ny hor bhuq swry hmly vyKy[ 1740 ivc ies ‘qy m`sw rMGV kwbz irhw[ 1757 ivc drbwr swihb dI iemwrq nUM nUM Fwh ky AMimRqsr (srovr) nUM pUr id`qw igAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny Pyr ies nUM bxw ilAw qW ApRYl 1762 ivc Aihmd Swh ny ies nUM bwrUd nwl aufw id`qw[
1765 ivc is`KW dw pMjwb ‘qy qkrIbn mukMml kbzw ho igAw qW is`KW ny ies dI mOjUdw iemwrq nUM auswrnw SurU kIqw[ imslW ny l`KW rupY iek`Ty kr ky BweI dys rwj surisMG vwly nUM ies dI iemwrq dI auswrI dI ingrwnI sONp id`qI[ aunHI idnI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw, jY isMG kn`eIAw, qwrw isMG ZYbw qy cVHq isMG sukrc`kIAw ny Kurjw (hux XU.pI. dw iek Sihr) ‘qy hmlw kIqw[ aunHW ny gurmqw kIqw ik ies ngr vcoN hwisl hoieAw swrw ^zwnw drbwr swihb dI auswrI vwsqy Byt kr id`qw jwvygw[ ies hmly ivc aunHW nUM 7 l`K rupY hwisl hoey jo aunHW ny iek syT kroVI m`l kol jmHw krvw id`qy qy aus rkm nwl Aqy sMgqW dy hor cVHwvy nwl drbwr swihb Aqy AMimRqsr (srovr) dI auhwrI kIqI geI[ 1776 qk drbwr swihb, AMimRqsr (srovr), drSnI ifEfI Aqy ies qoN drbwr swihb qk jwx vwlw pul iqAwr ho cuky sn[
ies vyly qk ies ngr dw nW guru dw c`k Aqy c`k rwmdws cldw sI[ ies nUM srovr dy nW ‘qy suDwsr vI ikhw jWdw sI[ AMimRqsr qW srovr dw nW sI; mgroN 1800 dy krIb ies nUM srovr dy nW ‘qy AMimRqsr hI ikhw jwx lg ipAw[
ies vyly guru dw c`k’qy BMgI imsl dw kbzw sI[ guduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl imsl ShIdW (AkwlIAW) kol sI[ AkwlIAW dw fyrw mOjUdw CwvxI AkwlI PUlw isMG vwlI jgh ‘qy sI[ BwvyN mgroN BMgI imsl dy AwgU A`XwS ho gey sn qy niSAW ivc glqwn ho gey sn pr pihlW aunHW ivc Dwrimk jzbwq bhuq sMjIdw sn[ aunHW ny drbwr swihb Aqy guru dw c`k ivc bhuq pYsw ^rc kIqw[ 1765 qoN 1804 qk aunHW ny ies ‘qy 33 l`K 55 hzwr rupY ^rc kIqy sn[BMgI imsl ny drbwr swihb dy AMdr bhuq swrw sony dw kMm krvwieAw[
aunHW ny 1803 ivc drSnI ifEFI dy drvwzy iqAwr krvwey (ieh vI prcwr kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh drvwzw rxjIq isMG ny bxvwieAw sI, pr ieh shI nhIN hY)[ ieh drvwzy hwQI dMd dy bxy hoey hn[ mgroN iksy ny ieh Zlq pRcwr vI SurU kr id`qw ik ieh drvwzy auhI sn ijhVy kdy somnwQ dy mMdr ‘qy l`gy hoey sn Aqy muhMmd gOrI ienHW nUm auqrvw ky ZznI lY igAw sI Aqy rxjIq isMG ny ZznI ‘qy
hmlw kr ky ienHW nUM ilAWdw sI Aqy drbwr swihb ‘qy luAwieAw sI[ ieh inrI g`p hY[ is`KW ny kdy A&Zwinsqwn ‘qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[ is`K kdy vI kwbl, kMDwr, ZznI jW jlwlwbwd ‘qy kwbz nhIN rhy[ 1804 ivc rxjIq isMG ny guru dw c`k ‘qy kbzw kr ilAw[ hux ies dw nW AMimRqsr vI c`lx lg ipAw sI[ ies vyly drbwr swihb dI syvw sMBwl AkwlI PUlw isMG kol sI[ 14 mwsrc 1823 dy idn AkwlI PUlw isMG nOSihrw dI lVweI ivc mwry gey[ ies mgroN sMq isMG igAwnI (inrmlw) drbwr swihb dw srvo srvw bx igAw (*inrmly kOx sn, A^Ir ivc pVHo) [ ies dy nwl hI AMimRqsr Sihr dw ieMqzwm rulIAw rwm imsr (bRwhmx) dy hvwly kr id`qw igAw[
drbwr swihb ‘qy kbzw p`kw hox mgroN sMq isMG igAwnI inrmlw ny 1830 ivc rxjIq isMG nUM drbwr swihb dI iemwrq nUM sony nwl mVHn v`l toirAw[ rxjIq isMG ny sonw ^rIdx vwsqy aus nUM 5 l`K rupY id`qy[ aus ny ies kMm vwsqy Xwr muhMmd imsqrI dI syvw hwisl kIqI[ sB qoN pihlW drbwr swihb dy AMdr dI sunihrI C`q iqAwr kIqI geI sI[
drbwr swihb dy bMgilAW ‘qy sonw cVHwaux dw kMm is`K jrnYl hukmw isMG icmnI ny SurU kIqw sI[ aus ny d`Kx-p`CmI (ielwcI byr vwly pwsy) dy bMgly ‘qy sonw cVHwieAw sI qy bwkI iqMnW ‘qy rxjIq isMG ny cVHwieAw sI [ hukmw isMG icmnI dw sonw 1 l`K 14 hzwr rupY dw sI qy rxjIq isMG dw 3 l`K 42 hzwr 635 rupY dw[ drbwr swihb dy ivlkwrly guMbd ‘qy sonw cVHwaux vwsqy kpUrQlw dy mhwrwjy &qih isMG ny 2 l`K 40 hzwr rupY dw sonw cVHwieAw sI[ ieM\ drbwr swihb dy guMbdW dy sony ivcoN rxjIq isMG dw sonw 3 l`K 42 hzwr rupY dw Aqy bwkI srdwrW dw 3 l`K 64 hzwr rupY dw sI[ pr drSnI ifEFI ‘qy nW isr& rxjIq isMG dw iliKAw igAw[
rxjIq isMG dI mOq (27 jUn 1839) qoN mgroN vI drbwr swihb Aqy Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dy guMbdW ‘qy sonw cVHwieAw jWdw irhw sI[ rwxI sdw kOr dy pu`qr mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny sMq isMG igAwnI dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG (ijs ny drbwrw isMG gRMQI nwl rl ky guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN ikqwb ilKI sI) drbwr swihb dy sony vwsqy 5 l`K 3 hzwr 735 rupY id`qy sn ijs ivcoN bhuqy auh Awp fkwr igAw (gurmuK isMG ny hrI isMG nlvw v`loN Akwl q^q ‘qy sonw cVHwaux vwsqy id`qI rkm vI fkwr leI sI[ lwhor drbwr dy q^q dy JgVy ivc gurmuK isMG nUM 1843 ivc kql kr id`qw igAw sI)[
ies mgroN vI drbwr swihb ‘qy sonw cVHdw irhw[ 1846 ivc drSnI ifEFI dy bMgilAW ‘qy sonw cVHwieAw igAw[ iek bMgly dy sony ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy dIvwn mUl rwj ny 1200 rupY id`qy sn[ drSnI ifEFI dI AMdrlI C`q vwsqy sonw jINd dy rwjy sMgq isMG ny id`qw sI[ bwhr sony dI iek surwhI vwsqy BweI pRym isMG ny sonw id`qw sI[ dIvwrW dw sonw BwgovwlIey srdwrW ny id`qw sI[ kwnH isMG ipSOrIAw ny Akwl q^q ‘qy sonw cVHwaux vwsqy 1000 rupY dw sonw id`qw sI[
drbwr swihb dy nwl lgdy srovr iqgoSy (ijs nUM bRwhmx-inrmlw pujwrIAW ny ‘hir kI pOVI’ kihxw SurU kr id`qw sI), 1837 ivc iqAwr hoeI sI[ ieh (guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN dy iek lyKk) drbwrw isMG pujwrI dI ingrwnI hyT iqAwr hoeI sI[ ies qoN aupr jwx vwsqy jo 19 pOVIAW hn aunHW ayuqy vI sunihrI bMgly bxy hoey hn[ pOVIAW dI AdrlI C`q ‘qy k`cI sunihrI iglf rxjIq isMG ny krvweI sI[ ies nUM p`kw krn vwsqy 1860 ivc jINd dy rwjy sMgq isMG ny XwrHW hzwr rupY ^rcy sn[
drbwr swihb dy pUrbI drvwzy Aqy srovr dy ivckwr dIAW C`qW rxjIq isMG Aqy KVk isMG ny cWdI dIAW bxvweIAW sn[ sMn 1851 ivc (AMgryzI kwl ivc) is`K srdwrW ny, ienHW nUM sunihrI bxvwieAw sI[ ies ipCvwVy ‘qy bxI iemwrq dI dUjI mMizl (ijs ‘qy v`f AkwrI guru gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS hY) nUM AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny sunihrI krvwieAw sI[
drbwr swihb dy AMdr C`q qlweI Aqy sony dI nukrweI dovyN pwsy qwrw isMG ZYbw ny 1805 ivc krvweI sI[ qIjy pwsy sunihrI krn dw ^rc 1805 ivc hI srdwrW pRqwp isMG qy j`sw isMG ny kIqw sI[ cOQy pwsy nUM sunihrI krn dw ^rc gMfw isMG ipSOrIey ny kIqw sI[ dUjI mMizl dI C`q soBw isMG n`keI ny sunihrI krvweI sI[ qIjI mMizl dI C`q rwm ikSn, AmIr cMd Aqy lwl cMd KqrI ny Awpxy prvwr dy is`KI ivc Swiml hox dI ^uSI ivc sunihrI krvweI sI[
drbwr swihb dy AMdr rxjIq isMG dw sonw isr& dIvwrW ‘qy hI l`gw sI[
drbwr swihb dI sB qoN auprlI C`q ‘qy iek 12 drvwizAW vwlw guMbd hY[ ies dy cwry pwsy 36 klS hn[ ieh guMbd kpUrQlw dy rwjy (j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy BqIjy) Bwg isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy aus dy pu`qr rwjw &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny bxvwieAw sI[ ies dy 12 drvwizAW ‘qy sunihrI kMm bsMq isMG KyVI vwilAW ny krvwieAw sI[ ies dy Coty-Coty gol guMbd rxjIq isMG ny bxvwey sn[
drbwr swihb (Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dw ^rc vKrw hY) ‘qy sunihrI vZYrw dw kul ^rc 64 l`K 11 hzwr rupY AwieAw sI[ ies ivcoN 33 l`K 55 hzwr rupY BMgI imsl dy srdwrW ny, 16 l`K 39 hzwr rupY mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny, 6 l`K 41 hzwr rupY &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAW ny, 5 l`K rupY mhwrwjw KVk isMG ny, 2 l`K 33 hzwr rupY mhwrwxI sdw kOr ny, 85 hzwr mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny, 3 l`K 17 hzwr rupY rwxI nkYx (Swied dwqwr kOr jW kwhn isMG dI pqnI) ny, 1 l`K 14 hzwr 200 rupY hukmw isMG icmnI ny ^rc kIqy sn[
drbwr swihb ivc 750 iklo sonw l`gw hY[ AMdrUnI ih`sy ivc qkrIbn 100 iklo sonw l`gw hoieAw hY[
bnwrs dy sunihrI mMdr dw 33 mx sonw Aqy purI dy jgn nwQ mdr ‘qy 46 mx dw sonw, Aqy, ieM\ hI kWgVw ivc juAwlw dy mMdr, jMmU dy rGUnwQ mMdr, purmMfl dy iSv mMdr dw swrw sonw rxjIq isMG dw id`qw hoieAw hY[inrmilAW Aqy fogry qy bRwhmx vzIrW dy kihx ‘qy sonw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny kul 2 qoN 5 kroV rupY (audoN dy, hux dy 5000 kroV rupY qoN vI vD) dw mMdrW nUM id`qw sI; qy kImqI hIry jvwhrwq ies qoN vKry sn[
*inrmly kOx sn?:
sMq isMG igAwnI ijs ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM drbwr swihb nUM sony ivc mVHn vl toirAw auh sUrq isMG inrmlw dw pu`qr sI[ sUrq isMG inrmlw JMg izlHy ivc cinEt dy rwm cMd dw pu`qr sI qy bnwrs dy pMfqW qoN pVH ky AwieAw sI[ (ies jQy vwly sUrq isMG nUM BweI mnI isMG Aqy bwbw gurb^S isMG dw cylw dsdy hn[ ieh inrw JUT hY[ BweI mnI isMG 24 jUn 1734 (Aqy bwbw gurb^S isMG 1 dsMbr 1764) dy idn ShId hoey sn; BweI mnI isMG dI ShIdI dy vyly qk qW ieh jMimAw hI nhIN sI[ drAsl ieh iek inrmlw pujwrI sI[ ies ny 1780 dy krIb AMimRqsr dy iek buMgy ivc p`ky fyry lw ley sn[ qkrIbn pRIqm dws dy smyN hI, 1780 qy 90 dy ivckwr, sUrq isMG inrmlw ny vI AMimRqsr ivc fyry lw ley sn[ aus ny vI Awpxw buMgw kwiem kr ilAw ijs nUM mgroN igAwnIAW dw buMgw ikhw jwx lg ipAw sI[ auh bnwrs dy bRwhmxW qoN pVH ky AwieAw sI[ BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwx vwlI rcnw ‘Bgq rqnwvlI’, ijs nUM ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’ vI kihMdy hn (qy ‘pRym rqnwvlI’ vI), Aqy BweI mnI isMG dy nW nwl joVI jwn vwlI ‘jnmswKI’ vI iesy dI ilKI hoeI hY[ ienHW ilKqW ivc cMgw-coKw bRwhmxI prcwr hY[ bs ies qoN hI is`KW ivc audwsI-inrmlw rlwvt dI zordwr SurUAwq ho geI sI[ ieh sUrq isMG 1803 ivc mr igAw sI[
ieh sUrq isMG qoN mgroN gurdws isMG (1773-1790) qy aus dy Brw igAwnI sMq isMG (1778-1832) nUM aus dy vwrs qy Awpxy jQy dy muKI dsdy hn[ gurdws isMG ies sUrq isMG dw v`fw qy sMq isMG sB qoN Cotw pu`qr sI[ sMq isMG inrmlw sI qy idloN pUrw ihMdU sI Aqy aus dy Gr dy muK gyt ‘qy qW ihMdU dyvqy gxyS dw bu`q vI l`gw hoieAw sI[ sMq isMG inrmlw qoN mgroN ieh jQw dXw isMG nUM Awpxw Aglw muKI kihMdw hY[ jd ik qvwrI^ dsdI hY ik sMq isMG igAwnI dw vwrs aus dw pu`qr gurmuK isMG sI ijs nUM hIrw isMG fogry ny sMDwvwlIAW dw swQ dyx kwrn 1843 dy A^Ir ivc mrvw id`qw sI[ ‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ (ijs nUM sohn kvI dI ilKq kih ky prcwirAw jWdw hY) auh ies gurmuK isMG (jo Akwl q^q dw pujwrI sI) Aqy aus dy swQI drbwrw isMG (jo drbwr swihb dw pujwrI sI) ny 1835-40 dy ivckwr iliKAw sI[ so ies vyly qk ieh bnwrs dy inrmilAW (sUrq isMG, sMq isMG qy gurmuK isMG) dw iek grup sI ijhVy drbwr swihb dy pujwrI sn[ gurmuK isMG dw pu`qr pRdumx isMG (mOq 20 nvMbr 1877) vI pujwrI vwlw kMm krdw irhw sI[
fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr