pMj ipAwly, pMj pIr, Ctm pIr bYTw gur BwrI[
Arjn kwieAw plt kY, mUriq hirgoibMd svwrI[
(BweI gurdws)
gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm mwqw gMgw jI dI kuK qoN gurU Arjn swihb dy Gr 19 jUn 1590 dy idn, ipMf vfwlI, nyVy Cyhrtw swihb (AMimRqsr) ivc hoieAw sI[ iek rvwieq ivc Zlq sMmq clx kwrn kuJ lyKk gurU jI dw jnm 1595 dw mMndy rhy sI pr, kIrq B`t, ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc swiml hY Aqy ijhVy 13 AprYl 1634 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI lVweI ivc ShId hoey sn, ies mOky ’qy hwizr sn, ny gurU swihb dy jnm dI Gtnw nUM AwpxI vhI ivc ienHW l&zW nwl irkwrf kIqw sI:
“bDweI lI hirgoibMd kI, bytw gurU Arjn jI mhl pMcm kw, poqw gurU rwmdws jI kw, sMmq sqrW sY sMqwlIs, mwh AswV, idhuM iekIs igAW, svw pihr rYx rhI, mwqw gMgw jI ky audr QIN, gwm bfwlI, prgxw gurU dw c`k myN eyk cmqkwrI bwlk pYdw hUAw, nwauN hirgoibMd jI rwKw…[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI)[
ies ieMdrwj qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik gurU swihb dw jnm ibkrmI sMmq 1747, Xwin 1690 ivc hoieAw sI [
gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy jnm bwry iek hor Zlq prcwr ieh vI kIqw jWdw hY ik Awp dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy vr nwl hoieAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies ip`Cy bwbw bu`Fw jI dy vwirsW/irSqydwrW dI bxweI hoeI khwxI hY jo iek qW gurU Arjn swihb nUM ‘dIn’ (kmzor, inqwxw) qy bwbw bu`Fw nUM “v`fw” (gurU qoN vD qwkq vwlw) swibq krnw cwhuMdy sn (vYsy qW, Kws kr mwJy dy ielwky ivc, bwbw bu`Fw nUM ‘is`KW dw hnUmwn’ bxwaux ‘c koeI ksr nhIN C`fI[ ijvyN rwm dI lwcwrgI vyly auh lCmx vwsqy sMjIvnI bUtI vwlw phwV lY ky AwieAw sI auvyN hI bwbw bu`Fw koloN pu`qr dw vr idvwieAw hY)[ dUjw ieh ik is`KI ivc koeI vr (jW srwp) dI koeI QW hY Aqy qIjw ieh ik hr iek dy Gr ivc pu`qr dw hoxw zrUrI hY qy (bRwhmxW muqwibk) pu`qr ibnW mwipAW dI ‘mukqI’ nhIN huMdI[ bwbw bu`Fw jI vwlI ‘khwxI’ dw ipCokV ieh zrUr hY ik gurU Arjn swihb dI SwdI 20 jUn 1579 dy idn hoeI sI[ pr keI swl AwpxI ishq ^rwb rihx Aqy sdw vwsqy mMjI nwl juV jwx kwrn mwqw rwm dyeI ny bwbw bu`Fw jI nUM gurU swihb kol ByijAw qy dUjw ivAwh krvwaux vwsqy mMnvw ilAw[ Awp dw dUjw ivAwh 19 jUn 1589 dy idn lwhOr dy BweI sMgq rwE dI bytI (mwqw) gMgw nwl hoieAw[ ies ivAwh ivcoN 19 jUn 1590 dy idn (gurU) hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm hoieAw[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw jnm bwbw bu`Fw dy vr nwl hox dI (JUTI) khwxI iesy Gtnw ivcoN GVI geI ho skdI hY[
gurU swihb ny Awpxw bcpn (gurU dI) vfwlI, qrn qwrn Aqy gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc ibqwieAw [ Awp kuJ icr lwhOr ivc vI rhy[ Awp ny BweI gurdws qoN pVHweI Aqy bwbw bu`Fw qoN GoVsvwrI Aqy Ssqr isKlweI hwisl kIqI[ iek qvwrI^I somy muqwibk Awp 13 swl dI aumr ivc hI swrIAW mwrSl KyfW ivc mwihr ho cuky sn[ Awp dw ivAwh gurU gRMQ swihb dy pihly pRkwS idn (16 Agsq 1604) qoN isr& pMj idn bwAd, 21 Agsq 1604 dy idn ipMf f`lw (izlHw kpUrQlw) dy BweI nwrwiex dws julkw Aqy mwqw BwgBrI dI bytI dmodrI nwl hoieAw[ ies vyly Awp dI aumr 14 swl dI sI (Aqy jy Awp dw jnm 1590 dI QW 1595 dw mMn leIey qW Awp dw ivAwh 9 swl dI aumr ivc hoieAw mMnxw pvygw)[ gurU swihb dI bwrwq ivc hornW qoN ielwvw bwbw bu`Fw, BweI gurdws, BweI kIrq B`t, BweI mQrw B`t, BweI jyTw, BweI iprwxw vI Swiml hoey sn[ ivAwh qoN bwAd gurU swihb gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) hI rhy[
gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw frolI BweI jwxw
16 AkqUbr 1605 dy idn Akbr dI mOq ho geI qy jhWgIr bwdSwh bixAw[ ienHW idnW ivc hI jhWgIr dy puqr Kusro ny muZl slqnq dw hwkm Awp bxn vwsqy jhWgIr qoN bZwvq kr idqI[ A^Ir pihlI meI 1606 dy idn auh igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw[ Kusro dI igR&qwrI qoN bwAd jhWgIr kw&I smW lwhOr ivc Aw irhw[ aus ny Kusro nwl hmdrdI dw doS lw ky gurU Arjn swihb dI igR&qwrI dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ gurU swihb nUM ies dw pqw Agly idn hI lg igAw[ aunHW 25 meI nUM gurU hirgobMd swihb nUM gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwl idqI[ aunHW nUM 26 meI nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw qy iqMn idn rwvI dy kMFy qpdI ryq ivc qsIhy dyx mgroN, 30 meI 1606 dy idn aunHW dy ijsm nUM p`QrW nwl bMnH ky rwvI dirAw ivc roVH idqw igAw[ jhWgIr ny ieh vI hukm kIqw sI ik gurU swihb dI swrI jwiedwd zbq kr leI jwvy Aqy aunHW dy pirvwr nUM vI lwhOr Sihr dy &Ojdwr murqzw ^wn (jo mgroN 1611 ivc lwhOr sUby dw gvrnr bx igAw sI) dI kYd ivc pw idqw jwvy[ smyN dI nzwkq nUM swhvyN rKdy hoey gurU hirgoibMd swihb pihlW goieMdvwl qy auQoN 4 jUn 1606 dy idn, pMjwb qoN mulqwn sUby dy ‘jMgl dys’ ielwky dy iek ipMf frolI (hux frolI BweI, izlHw mogw), ivc Awpxy sWFU BweI sweIN dws kol phuMc gey[ Awp jI dy nwl mwqw gMgw jI Aqy pqnI dmodrI vI sn[ gurU swihb ies ipMf ivc qkrIbn fyF swl rhy Aqy dsMbr 1607 dy A^Ir ivc au~QoN goieMdvwl vwips muVy[ ies sbMDI ‘B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI’ ivc ieMj iliKAw imldw hY:
“gurU hirgoibMd mhl Ctw, bytw gurU Arjn jI kw, bwsI gurU dw c`k, prgxw inJirAwlw, sMmq solW sY qRYsTw, jyT mwsy sudI AstmI ky idhuM, goieMdvwl sy jMgl dys gwm frolI prgxw fgrU, BweI sweIN dws ky gRih myN Awey[ gYloN mwqw gMgw dyeI qy iesqrI dmodrI jI AweI[ eyk brK Cy mws gwm myN bs ky goieMdvwl Awey[”
Aijhw jwpdw hY ik dsMbr 1607 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb BwvyN Awp goieMdvwl muV Awey pr Awp dw pirvwr Ajy au~Qy hI irhw qy jW ieh vI ho skdw hY ik bwbw guridqw dy jnm vyly pirvwr dobwrw frolI clw igAw hovy[ au~Qy hI mwqw dmodrI ny 14 sqMbr 1608 dy idn (bwbw) guridqw nUM jnm idqw[
pihlI is`K &Oj dI kwiemI
AMimRsr Awaux mgroN gurU swihb ny ‘iensw& dI &Oj’ bxwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ (gurU nwnk swihb ny zwlm bwdSwhW dI ‘pwp dI jM\’ dy zulm dw twkrw krn vwsqy iensw& dI &Oj, nw ik swkq &Oj, dw &ls&w id`qw sI)[ gurU swihb ny ikhw ik hwlwq Aijhy hn ik Drm nUM bwhrI hmilAW qoN bcwaux vwsqy &Oj dI zrUrq pYxI hY ikauNik mulk dy hwkmW dy drbwr iv`coN iensw& KMB lw ky auf igAw hY[ aunHW ny is`KW nUM sunyhy Byjy ik auh ies &Oj ivc Swiml hox vwsqy Awpxy Awp nUM pyS krn[ kuJ hI smyN ivc ies &Oj ivc iek hzwr qoN vD jvwn Swiml ho cuky sn[ gurU swihb ny AwpxI &Oj nUM j`iQAW ivc vMf idqw[ ienHW jiQAW nUM BweI ibDI cMd, BweI iprwxw, BweI jyTw, BweI prwgw qy BweI lMgwh dI jQydwrI hyT SsqrW dI isKlweI idqI geI[
gurU swihb ny iek hukmnwmw vI jwrI kIqw ik ijhVw is`K gurU swihb jW drbwr vwsqy koeI Byt ilAwauxI cwhy qW auh koeI hor kImqI qoh&w ilAwaux dI bjwie cMgy GoVy qy cMgy Ssqr lY ky Awvy[ hOlI-hOlI gurU dw c`k ivc bhuq swry GoVy qy hiQAwr pu`j gey[ gurU swihb ny ieh hiQAwr is`K &Oj ivc vMf idqy[ gurU swihb ny Awp vI hiQAwr ^rIdy Aqy hr is`K &OjI nUM cMgI qrHW SsqrW nwl lYs kIqw[
iklHw lohgVH qy AMimRqsr dI &sIl
1609 dy A^Ir ivc hI gurU swihb ny gurU dw c`k ivc iek iklHw bxwauxw vI SurU kIqw[ ieh iklHw lwhOr v`loN Awaux vwly rwh ’qy mOjUdw gurduAwrw iklHw lohgVH vwlI QW ’qy sI[ ies dy nwl hI gurU swihb ny gurU dw c`k ngr dI &sIl (cwr dIvwrI) vI bxw leI[ 1612 qk iklHw Aqy cwrdIvwrI dw kMm mukMml ho cukw sI[
gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd hoxw
auDr jhWgIr ny julweI 1611 ivc lwhOr Sihr dy &Ojdwr murqzw ^wn nUM lwhOr sUby dw gvrnr lw idqw (murqzw ^wn pihlW vI jnvrI 1608 qk ies Ahudy ’qy irhw sI pr jnvrI 1608 qoN julweI 1611 qk kuqlIj ^wn nUM lwhOr dI sUbydwr sONpI geI sI)[ murqzw ^wn iek k`tV muslmwn sI[ ies dy nwl hI i&rkU muslmwnW, bRwhmxW qy hor is`K duSmxW ny aus dy kMn Brny SurU kr idqy[ ies ’qy aus ny sUhIey Byj ky gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dIAW srgrmIAW dI pUrI jwxkwrI leI[ murqzw ^wn ny Awp AYkSn lYx dI bjwie ies sbMDI jhWgIr nUM ^br kr idqI[ jhWgIr ny gurU swihb nUM id`lI Awaux vwsqy sMmn jwrI kr idqy[ gurU swihb 31 dsMbr 1612 dy idn GoVy ’qy svwr ho ky, kuJ drbwrI is`KW nUM nwl lY ky, AMimRqsr qoN id`lI vl cl pey[ rsqy ivc sMgqW nUM drSn dyNdy hoey gurU swihb jnvrI 1613 ivc id`lI pu`jy Aqy ipMf cMdrwvl KyVw ivc (gurduAwrw mjnUM it`lw vwlI QW) Tihry[ gurU swihb ies ipMf ivc vI dIvwn sjwauNdy rhy[ jd jhWgIr nUM Awp dy Awaux dw pqw lgw qW aus ny Awp dI igR&qwrI dw &urmwn jwrI kr idqw[ aus ny gurU swihb nUM 12 swl vwsqy gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd krn dI szw dy idqI[ gvwlIAr iklHy ivc gurU swihb qoN ielwvw iek sO qoN vD rwjy isAwsI kYdW Bugq rhy sn[ ieh SwhI jylH isr& rwijAW Aqy hor Aihm qy ^ws S^sIAqW nUM kYd krn vwsqy vrqI jWdI sI[
jdoN gurU swihb gvwlIAr iklHy ivc bMd sn qW bwbw bu`Fw, BweI jyTw qy bhuq swry hor is`K gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy gvwlIAr jWdy rihMdy sn[ ikauNik jylH ivc nzrMbd hsqIAW nwl mulwkwq dI iejwzq nhIN sI ies kr ky ieh is`K iklHy dI dIvwr dI ipRkrmw kr ky muV jwieAw krdy sn[ auN\ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik ies iklHy dw drogw BweI hrI dws Xwdv (auh dUroN BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw irSqydwr sI) gurU swihb dw SrDwlU bx igAw sI Aqy auh Swied is`KW nUM gurU swihb nwl imlw vI dyNdw hovy[ jylH ivc gurU swihb gurbwxI dw kIrqn Aqy kQw kirAw krdy sn[ gurU swihb dI sMgq krn kr ky swry kYdI rwjy qy Sihzwdy, jo gurU swihb dy Awaux qoN pihlW inMmoJUxqw Aqy mwnisk rogW dy mrIz sn, cVHdI klw ivc rihx lg pey qy gurU swihb dy murId bx gey[
gurU swihb dI irhweI
1618 ivc lwhOr dy sUbydwr murqzw ^wn dI mOq ho geI[ ienHIN idnIN hI Swhjhwn dy sbMD vzIr ^wn (cinEt vwlw) nW dy iek Aihm drbwrI nwl suKwvyN bx gey ijs ny jhWgIr nUM gurU swihb nUM irhwA krn vwsqy is&wrS kIqI[ ieh vI jwpdw hY ik sweIN mIAW mIr Aqy milkw nUr jhW ny vI ies sbMDI rol Adw kIqw hovygw[ dUjy pwsy jhWgIr hux muq`sbI mOlvIAW qoN dUr ho irhw sI ’qy srhMd dy SY^ Aihmd vrigAW dw Asr vI Gt igAw sI[ ienHW swirAW kwrnW kr ky jhWgIr ny gurU swihb nUM irhwA krn vwsqy hukm jwrI kr idqy[
jd gurU jI dI irhweI dy hukm gurU swihb qk pu`jy qW gurU swihb ny jhWgIr qoN ieh vI mMnvw ilAw ik auh iklHy ivc kYd phwVI qy dUjy rwijAW nUM vI irhwA kr dyvy[ jhWgIr ny Ais`Dy qrIky nwl ieh g`l mnzUr kr leI qy iklHy ivc kYd CotIAW kYdW vwly 49 rwjy (jo swry hI ihMdU sn) irhwA kr idqy Aqy gurU swihb dw iemiqhwn lYx vwsqy Srq r`KI ik lMbIAW kYdW vwly 52 rwijAW ivcoN ijMny rwjy gurU swihb dy cogy dIAW klIAW (kMnIAW/nu`krW/qxIAW) PV ky iklHy ivcoN bwhr Aw skx irhw ho jwxgy[ jhWgIr socdw sI ik gurU jI ieh &Yslw nhIN kr skxgy ik 52 rwijAW ivcoN auh ikhVy-ikhVy rwjy nUM irhwA krvwauxgy[ ies ’qy gurU swihb ny hrI dws Xwdv drogy koloN 52 klIAW vwlw cogw islvw ky swry rwjy iklHy ivcoN irhwA krvw ley (gurU jI dy ies kdm nUM vyK ky jhWgIr ny aunHW dI Azmq A`gy isr JukwieAw)[ gurU swihb qy ihMdU rwijAW dI irhweI 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn hoeI[ irhweI mgroN gurU swihb Aqy bwkI rwjy hrI dws Xwdv drogy dI hvylI ivc rhy ij`Qy aus rwq hrI dws ny dIpmwlw kIqI[
ies dy nwl hI jhWgIr ny SY^ Aihmd srhMdI (ijs dy BVkwaux kwrn aus ny gurU Arjn swihb nUM ShId kIqw sI qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM kYd kIqw sI) nUM igR&qwr krn dw hukm vI dy idqw[ aus nUM kYd vI iesy hI iklHy ivc hI kIqw igAw[ (quzik jhWgIrI, s&y 274-75, 312)[
gvwlIAr iklHy ’coN irhweI mgroN gurU swihb v`K-v`K ngrW ’coN huMdy hoey goieMdvwl pu`jy[ aunHIN idnIN muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr vI pMjwb ivc AwieAw hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy goieMdvwl ivc ibAws dirAw pwr krn vyly 27 jnvrI 1620 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI mulwkwq jhWgIr nwl hoeI[ ies mgroN 8 &rvrI 1620 dy idn dohW ivc iek vwr iPr klwnOr ivc vI mulwkwq hoeI[ ies mOky ’qy jhWgIr ny (gurU Arjn swihb nUM qsIhy dyx vwly) cMdU nUM is`KW dy hvwly krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ (mgroN is`KW ny cMdU nUM aus dy jurm dy muqwibk munwisb szw idqI; cMdU bwry q&sIl Agly si&AW ivc mOjUd hY)[ ie`QoN jhWgIr Aqy gurU swihb iek`Ty lwhOr gey Aqy dohW ny iek`iTAW 16 &rvrI 1620 dy idn sWeIN mIAW mIr nwl mulwkwq kIqI[
iek irvwieq muqwibk 1620 dIAW grmIAW ivc jhWgIr Aqy gurU swihb iek`Ty kSmIr dy dOry ’qy gey, pr ies sbMDI muZl irkwrf kuJ nhIN kihMdy[ ies mgroN gurU swihb jhWgIr qoN vKry ho ky kSmIr ivc Drm prcwr dy dOry ’qy inkl gey[ kSmIr qoN vwpsI mgroN gurU swihb goieMdvwl Aw gey[ ApRYl qoN jUn 1620 dw smW Awp ny kSmIr ivc ibqwieAw sI[
gurU swihb qkrIbn s`q swl mgroN 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn pihlI vwr gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Awey[ irhweI mgroN gurU swihb dw AMimRqsr dw ieh pihlw dOrw sI[ ies qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik gurU swihb ijs idn AMimRqsr pu`jy aus idn ihMdUAW dw dIvwlI dw iqauhwr nhIN sI[ AMimRqsr ivc dIvwlI mhMqW dy vyly mnwauxI SuurU hoeI sI[
ies sbMDI iek ieMdrwj B`t vhI qlwauNfw, prgxw jINd ivc ieM\ imldw hY:
“gurU hirgoibMd jI mhl Ctw bytw gurU Arjn jI kw, sMmq solW sY sq`qRw mwG pRivSty pihlI ky idhuM hyhr ngrI sy cl kr gwm gurU ky ck prgxw inJrAwlw Awey[ gYloN ArjwnI bytw mohrI jI kw, myhrbwn bytw ipRQI cMd jI kw, bwbw buFw rwmdws bytw suGy rMDwvy kw, gurdws bytw eISr dws B`ly kw, blU rwey bytw mUl cMd jlHwny kw, kOl jI dws bytw AMbIey hjwvq kw, hor isK PkIr Awey[ gurU jI ky Awny kI ^uSI myN dIpmwlw kI geI[ hirmMdr swihb jI myN dIAw bwqI kI syvw imhrbwn kI lweI[ gurU jI qIjy idhuM gurU ck sy ivdw hoie goieMdvwl myN Awie ibrwjy[”
kuJ idn goieMdvwl rihx qoN bwAd Awp Pyr gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) Aw gey qy ie`Qy rihxw SurU kr idqw[ ie`Qy hI 18 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI[
gurU swihb ’qy pihlw hmlw
gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) rihMidAW gurU swihb ny ruhIlw dI swr vI leI (ies nUM gurU Arjn swihb ny vswieAw sI qy ies dw nW goibMdpur r`iKAw sI qy hux ies nUM hirgoibMdpur AwKdy hn)[ gurU swihb dI gvwlIAr kYd dOrwn ies QW ’qy Bgvwn dws GyrV (cMdU dw kuVm) ny nwjwiez kbzw kr ilAw sI[ gurU swihb ny Bgvwn dws qoN ies dw kbzw vwips KoihAw Aqy ies QW nUM Pyr sMvwirAw qy vswieAw[ kuJ idnW mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny cMdU dy pu`qr krm cMd dI mdd nwl iek &Oj iek`TI kIqI Aqy 27 sqMbr 1621 dy idn ruhIlw ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ ies hmly ivc burI qrHW hwr Kwx mgroN Bgvwn dws GyrV ny jlMDr dy muslmwn hwkm nUM pYsy dy ky aus dI &Oj nUM cVHw ilAWdw[ 3 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn Pyr bVI Gmswn dI lVweI hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc Bgvwn dws GyrV, aus dw pu`qr rqn cMd qy cMdU dw pu`qr krm cMd iqMny hI mwry gey[ ies hwr mgroN iksy hor nUM gurU swihb ’qy hmlw krn dw hOslw nw ipAw[
3 AkqUbr dI lVweI ivc hornW dy nwl-nwl BweI nwnU (BweI mnI isMG dy dwdy dy Brw), BweI prwgw (BweI mqI dws qy sqI dws dy pVdwdw), BweI mQrw B`t (ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY) ny vI lVweI ivc bhwdrI dy ^Ub zOhr idKwey Aqy ies lVweI ivc aus ny ShIdI jwm vI pIqw[ ies lVweI ivc aunHW ny hornW qoN ielwvw muZl jrnYlW bYrm KW qy eImwm b^S (iek irvwieq muqwibk AlI b^S) ƒ vI mwirAw sI[ ies sbMDI iek AMdrwj B`t vhIAW ivc ies qrHW imldw hY[
“nwnU bytw mUly kw, poqw rwau kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw, bMs bIJy kw, bMJrwauNq, swl solW sY AT`qRw, k`qk pRivSty qIj ky idhuM, gwm ruhIlw prgxw btwlw ky mlHwn, gurU kw bcn pwie rqnw bytw Bgvwny kw, krmw bytw cMdU kw, bwsI klwnOr ko mwr ky mrw[ gYloN mQrw, bytw iBKy kw, poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw, bMs BgIrQ kw, kOiSS goqR gOV bRwhmx, prwgw bytw goqm kw, Bwrgv goqR, iC`br bRwhmx, hor rx jUJMqy gurU ky joDy swmHy mwQy rx myN jUJ kr mry [” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw bMJrauNqo kw)
ies lVweI qoN 15 idn bwAd 18 AkqUbr 1621 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw jnm hoieAw[ ruhIlw dI lVweI is`KW v`loN idKwey gey qyZW dy jOhr nUM swhvyN r`KidAW gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny byty dw nW qyZ bhwdr r`iKAw[
kIrqpur vwsqy zmIn ^rIdxw
28 mwrc 1624 dy idn gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc is`KW dw iek BwrI iek`T hoieAw[ ies ivc iblwspur, hMfUr Aqy hor keI irAwsqW dy rwjy, ijnHW nUM gurU swihb ny gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc irhw krvwieAw sI, vI pu`jy[ iblwspur dw rwjw kilAwx cMd au~Qy keI idn TihirAw[ 11 AprYl dy idn vwips jwx qoN pihlW aus ny gurU swihb nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtr bxwaux[ kilAwx cMd nUM ruhIlw dI lVweI ivc gurU swihb dI ij`q dw Aihsws sI ’qy aus cwhuMdw sI ik jy gurU swihb aus dI irAwsq ivc Aw gey qW CyqI kIiqAW koeI aus ’qy hmlw nhIN krygw Aqy jy iPr vI iksy ny hmlw krn dI hrkq kIqI qW aus nUM gurU swihb dI mdd iml skygI[ gurU swihb ny gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) dI QW iblwspur jwxw qW nw mMinAw pr ieh vwAdw zrUr kIqw ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc iek is`K ngr zrUr vswauxgy[
ies mgroN gurU swihb ny kilAwx cMd nwl aus dI irAwsq dy dirAw sqluj nwl lgdy ielwikAW dw dOrw kIqw Aqy nvyN ngr vwsqy kilAwxpur, BtOlI qy jIaUvwl ipMfW ivckwr kuJ zmIn ^rIdx dI pySkS kIqI[ pihlW qW kilAwx cMd ny ies zmIn dy pYsy lYx qoN nWh kr idqI pr jd gurU swihb ny aus nUM disAw ik auh (gurU swihb) dwn dI zmIn ’qy is`K pMQ dw ngr nhIN vswauxgy qW mjbUrn kilAwx cMd nUM ies zmIn dI kImq lYxI peI[ mOjUdw kIrqpur ivc (cwr ipMf Swiml hn qy) ienHW swirAW ipMfW dI zmIn dw kuJ-kuJ ih`sw Swiml hY[ gurU swihb ny kIrqpur swihb dI zmIn nvW ngr vswaux vwsqy Awpxy pu`qr bwbw gurid`qw nUM dy idqI[ bwbw gurid`qw ny pihlI meI 1624 dy idn nvyN ngr dI moVHI gfvweI[
kuJ hor Aihm GtnwvW
1624 qoN 1631 qk gurU hirgoibMd swihb gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc hI rhy sn[ sMgqW dI igxqI ivc vwDw hox kr ky 1628 ivc gurU swihb ny iek hor srovr, ibbyksr, bxvwieAw[ julweI 1628 ivc bIbI kOlW dI mOq ho geI (guru hrgoibMd swihb dw ivAwh bIbI kOlW, Asl nW kmlw dyeI, puqrI ikSn cMd kumrwau, vwsI p`tI nwl, isr& iqMn swl pihlW, 1625 ivc hoieAw sI[ g`pI kvI sMqoK isMG ny qW aus nUM iek muslmwn kuVI ilK id`qw sI) [ 27 mwrc 1629 dy idn Awp dy mwqw gMgw jI cVHweI kr gey[ ies qoN iek mhIny bwAd 23 AprYl 1629 dy idn Awp ny Awpxy byty sUrj m`l dw ivAwh kr idqw[ 16 jnvrI 1630 dy idn bwbw gurid`qw dy Gr aus dy dUjy pu`qr (gurU) hir rwie swihb dw jnm hoieAw[
18 mwrc 1631 dy idn gurU swihb mwlvy dy dOry ’qy gey[ sB qoN pihlW Awp frolI gey qy pRvwr nUM Awpxy sWFU BweI sWeIN dws kol C`ifAw[ ie`QoN Awp pRcwr vwsqy v`K-v`K ipMfW ivc jWdy rhy[ ie`Qy hI 13 julweI 1631 dy idn (Awp dI pihlI pqnI) mwqw dmodrI dI mOq ho geI[ Akwl purK dw Bwxw ik kuJ hI h&iqAW ivc hI iesy hI QW Awp dI s`s, shurw, swlI qy sWFU vI cVHweI kr gey[ ikhw jWdw hY ik iksy lwielwj bImwrI ny aunHW idnW ivc ies ielwky dy sYNkVy lokW dIAW jwnW leIAW sn[ ienHW swirAW dy sskwr mgroN Awp krqwrpur (jlMDr) cly gey qy (gurU) gRMQ swihb dw pihlw srUp (BweI gurdws dw h`Q ilKq) vI ie`Qy hI phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy hI Awp nUM bwbw bu`Fw dI ishq iF`lI hox dI ^br imlI qy Awp aunHW dy ipMf rmdws gey[ 17 nvMbr 1631 dy idn bwbw bu`Fw cVHweI kr gey[ bwbw bu`Fw jI dw sskwr Awp ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[ ies mgroN Awp iPr krqwrpur vwips Aw gey[ 14 sqMbr 1632 dy idn Awp dy byty (gurU) qyZ bhwdr dw ivAwh (mwqw) gujrI nwl iesy hI ngr ivc hoieAw[
gurU swihb ’qy muZlW dy hor hmly
auDr 28 AkqUbr 1627 dy idn jhWgIr dI mOq ho geI sI[ jhWgIr dw pu`qr Swhjhwn vI hOlI-hOlI muq`sbI muslmwnW dy Asr hyT Aw igAw[ ies hwlq ivc is`KW Aqy muZlW ivc Amn (SWqI) dy Awswr Gtxw lwzmI sI[ aus ny ZYr-muslmwnW dy Dwrimk AdwirAW nUM Fwhuxw vI SurU kr idqw[ ienHW ivc lwhOr dy f`bI bzwr ivc bixAw hoieAw bwaulI swihb vI sI[ ies vyly qk gurU swihb gurU dw c`k ivc rih rhy sn[ gurU swihb ny AwpxI bytI vIro dw ivAwh 16 AprYl 1634 dy idn dw riKAw hoieAw sI[ ies mOky ’qy v`K-v`K ielwikAW qoN bhuq sMgqW pu`jIAW hoeIAW sn[ pr Acwnk iek idn pihlW muZl &OjW ny mu^ls ^wn gorKpurI dI kmWf hyT hmlw kr idqw[ gurU swihb ny pirvwr nUM Jbwl Byj id`qw Aqy hmly dw twkrw kIqw[ ies hmly ivc bhuq swry is`K ShId hoey pr mYdwn is`KW dy h`Q ivc hI irhw[ ies lVweI ivc hornW qoN ielwvw BweI b`lU (dwdw BweI mnI isMG), BweI isMGw poroihq, BweI iprwxw, BweI kIrq B`t (ijs dI bwxI gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj hY) vI ShId hoey[ ies dw izkr B`t vhIAW ivc ieM\ imldw hY:
“blU bytw mUly kw poqw rwaU kw, pVpoqw cwhV kw raudq jlHwnw, swl solW sY iekwnmy ivswK pRivSty sqwrW, gurU c`k ky mlHwn gurU kw bcn pwie swmHy mwQy rx myN murqzw KW ko mwr mrw[ gYloN kIrq bytw iBKy kw poqw reIey kw, pVpoqw nrsI kw kOiSS goqR bRwhmx mwrw igAw[” (B`t vhI mulqwn isMDI)
jMg ij`qx qoN bwAd gurU swihb Jbwl gey Aqy Agly idn bIbI vIro dw ivAwh kIqw igAw[ (gurU swihb ’qy ieh hmlw Swhjhwn dy hukm hyT nhIN sI kIqw igAw qy nw hI ieh muZlW dw bwz gurU swihb v`l au~f Awaux Aqy is`KW v`loN bwz moVn qoN nWh krn ’qy kIqw igAw sI[ ieh khwxIAW lwhOr dy muslmwnW ny Awp pRcwrIAW hoxgIAW[ drAsl lwhOr Aqy p`tI dy hwkm, gurU swihb dI vD rhI is`K-sMgq Aqy aunHW dI &Oj ’qy AOKy sn[ aunHW nUM ieh pqw sI ik Swhjhwn ny Aijhy AYkSn ’qy koeI ieqrwz nhIN krnw ies kr ky aunHW ny AwpxI mrzI nwl gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw)[
auqrwKMf dw dOrw
gurU swihb mihsUs krdy sn ik ibnw vjh &OjI lVweIAW dw koeI &wiedw nhIN ies kr ky iek hor lVweI qoN bcx vwsqy auh kuJ icr vwsqy auqrwKMf dy phwVW dy dOry ’qy cly gey[ ies dOry dOrwn sRIngr (gVHvwl) ivc iek mrh`tw ausqwd smr`Q rwmdws Awp jI nUM imilAw[ aus ny gurU nwnk swihb bwry suixAw hoieAw sI[ jd aus ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb nUM SwhI ilbws ivc vyiKAw qW aus ny pu`iCAw ik ‘suixAw hY ik gurU nwnk swihb qW audwsI pihrwvw pihxdy sn pr qusI qW SwhI pihrwvy ivc ho’ qW gurU swihb ny aus nUUM jvwb id`qw ik ‘gurU nwnk swihb ny mwieAw iqAwgI sI, dunIAW nhIN[’ ies ’qy auh iPr kihx l`gw ‘qusIN Ssqr ikauN pihxy hn?’ gurU swihb ny jvwb id`qw ‘Ssqr grIb dI r`iKAw jrvwxy dI B`iKAw[’ ies ’qy smr`Q rwmdws bol auiTAw ‘ieh bwq hmwry mn BwvqI hY[’ smr`Q rwmdws gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw[ (mgroN iesy smr`Q rwmdws ny iSvwjI mrh`tw nUM muZlW nwl t`kr lYx vwsqy iqAwr kIqw[ pr iSvwjI dI soc kdy vI lok BlweI vwlI (grIb dI r`iKAw vwlI soc) nhIN sI bx skI qy isr& qwkq hwisl krn qk sImq sI[ auh qW ikswnW qoN cOQ (&sl dw cOQw ih`sw) lY ky vI aunHW nUM bdly ivc kuJ nhIN sI dyNdw)[
ies dOry dOrwn gurU hirgoibMd swihb nwnk m`qw vI gey Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ’c bxy mMjI swihb (gurduAwry) qoN jogIAW dw kbzw ^qm krvwieAw[ ies mgroN Awp iPr pMjwb vwips Aw gey[
gurU jI ’qy Pyr hmly
kuJ h&qy gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) rihx mgroN, dsMbr 1634 ivc gurU swihb mwlvy dy ielwky ivc Drm prcwr vwsqy dOry ’qy gey hoey sn qW ApRYl dI hwr dw bdlw lYx vwsqy iek vwr Pyr muZl &OjW ny l`lw byZ Aqy kmr byZ dI AgvweI ivc iek v`fI &Oj nwl gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ 17 dsMbr 1634 dy idn ipMf mihrwj (hux izlHw biTMfw) dy mYdwn ivc hoeI lVweI ivc muZlW dy dovyN kmWfr mwry gey pr ies mOky ’qy bhuq swry isMGW ny vI ShIdIAW pweIAW[ ienHW swirAW dw sskwr gurU swihb ny Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[
AprYl 1635 ivc gurU swihb krqwrpur (izlHw jlMDr) ivc rih rhy sn[ ienHW idnW ivc Awp dy iek mulwzm pYNdy ^wn dy juAweI ny gurU drbwr dIAW kuJ kImqI cIzW corI kr leIAW[ jd aus dI corI PVI geI qW pYNdy ^wn muAw&I mMgx dI QW jlMDr qoN muZl &OjW cVHw ilAwieAw[ 26 qoN 28 AprYl 1635 qk, iqMn idn hoeI ies lVweI ivc pYNdy ^wn, muZl &OjW dw kmWfr Aqy bhuq swry hor muZl ispwhI mwry gey[ bhuq swry is`K vI ies ivc ShId hoey[ gurU swihb ny ienHW swirAW dw sskwr kIqw Aqy nwl hI AYlwn kr idqw ik muZlW nwl roz-roz dI t`kr nwl Drm prcwr ’qy Asr pYNdw hY ies kr ky auh krqwrpur C`f ky kIrqpur swihb cly jwxgy[
29 AprYl dy idn qVkswr gurU swihb krqwrpur qoN kIrqpur swihb vl cl pey[ ies mOky ’qy bhuq swry is`K pirvwr vI kIrqpur jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ Awp rsqy ivc kuJ pl jlMDr dI bsqI SY^ drvyS (hux bsqI SY^) ivc vI ruky qy SY^ nwl Drm crcw kIqw[ Swm vyly Awp Swhjhwnwbwd (PgvwVw) ivcoN lMG rhy sn qW ie`Qy qwienwq muZl &OjW ny is`KW ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ is`K BwvyN iqMn idn dI lgwqwr lVweI kwrn Q`ky hoey sn pr aunHW ny hmlwvrW nUM ^Ub sbk idqw qy keI muZlW nUM mOq dy Gwt auqwirAw[ ies mOky ’qy kuJ is`K vI ShId ho gey[ rsqy ivc pVwA krdy-krdy gurU jI iqMn meI 1635 dy idn kIrqpur phuMc gey[
kIrqpur invws
kIrqpur swihb ivc rihMidAW gurU swihb kol iblwspur, hMfUr (nwlwgVH) Aqy keI hor irAwsqW dy rwjy Awaux lg pey[ ienHW idnW ivc hI rUpV (hux ropV) dy nvwb ny hMfUr dy rwjy ’qy hmlw krn dI DmkI idqI qW auh gurU swihb kol Arz krn Aw pu`jw[ gurU swihb ny aus dI mdd krn vwsqy Awpxy byty (bwbw) gurid`qw dI AgvweI ivc 100 is`KW dw j`Qw Byj idqw[ pihlI julweI 1635 dy idn nMgl gujrW (hux nMgl srsw) ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc ropV dIAW &OjW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw[ ies ’qy ropV dy nvwb ny kotlw Sms ^wn (hux kotlw inhMg ^wn) dy mwilk Sms ^wn rwhIN gurU swihb dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI ’qy aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy mihl ivc dwAvq ’qy bulwieAw[ gurU swihb 18 julweI 1635 dy idn ropV pu`jy qy iek rwq auh nvwb dy mihl ivc mihmwn bx ky rhy[ 19 qy 20 qwrI^ nUM gurU swihb kotlw Sms ^wn ivc ^wn dy Gr ivc rhy[ ies mgroN jd qk gurU swihb kIrqpur swihb ivc rhy iksy vI muZl ny iksy vI ihMdU irAwsq ’qy hmlw krn dI koiSS nhIN kIqI[
gurU hir goibMd swihb dy ivAwh
gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw pihlw ivAwh gurU gRMQ swihb dy pihly pRkwS idn (16 Agsq 1604) qoN isr& pMj idn bwAd, 21 Agsq 1604 dy idn ipMf f`lw (izlHw kpUrQlw) dy BweI nwrwiex dws julkw Aqy mwqw BwgBrI dI bytI dmodrI nwl hoieAw[ Awp dw dUjw ivAwh (kSmIr dy dOry ‘qy jwx qoN pihlW) (mwqw) nwnkI nwl 28 mwrc 1620 dy idn, qIjw ivAwh (kSmIr dy dOry qoN muVn qoN bwAd) (mwqw) mhWdyvI nwl 10 julweI 1620 dy idn Aqy cOQw ivAwh 10 meI 1621 dy idn kmlw dyeI (puqrI ikSn cMd kumrwau, vwsI p`tI) nwl hoieAw sI (kuJ lyKkW ny ies dw nW kOlW ilK ky is`K qvwrI^ nwl izAwdqI kIqI hY)[ ienHW ipCly iqMnW ivAwhW dy kwrn kI sn? bhuqy lok 21vIN sdI dy hwlqW muqwibk socdy hn[ iek qW aunHW zmwinAW ivc iek qoN vD ivAwhW dw Awm irvwz sI[ dUjw, lok AwpxIAW b`cIAW nUM rwijAW, pIrW, irSIAW, gurUAW nwl ivAwhux vwsqy mMnq mMn lYNdy sn (qy keI vwr kuVIAW vI pRx kr lYNdIAW sn ik auh ivAwh iksy mhwn S^sIAq nwl krngIAW Aqy auh Awpxy Awp nUM Aijhy ivAwh vwsqy Aripq vI ho jWdIAW sn[ ieh irvwz keI jgh sI; mIrw bweI dI khwxI kuJ AijhI hY)[ ^Yr, gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy ieh iqMn ivAwh ieM\ hI hoey sn; ienHW kuVIAW nUM aunHW dy mwpy ilAw ky Arpx kr ky ivAwh gey sn[ ies mgroN gurU hirgibMd swihb ny sMgqW nUM pYZwm Byj ky ies kwrvweI qoN pUrI qrHW vrj id`qw[
keI lok gurU hirgibMd swihb dy cwr ivAwh vI nhIN mMndy[ jy aunHW dI izd nUM mMnxw cwhIey qW hwsohIxw nqIjw inkldw hY[ ikhw nhIN jw skdw ik kI ieh swieMs dI koeI nvIN Koj hY ik is`K qvwrI^ nwl iek hor mzwk!
gurU hirgibMd swihb dIAW cwrW ivcoN iqMn SwdIAW ’coN 6 b`cy sn: gurid`qw (jnm 14 sqMbr 1608); gurU qyZ bhwdr (jnm 1 ApRYl 1621); sUrj m`l (jnm 5 sqMbr 1623); AxI rwey (jnm 24 AkqUbr 1623); Atl rwey (jnm 6 &rvrI 1626); bIbI vIro (jnm 11 julweI 1626)[ hux jy Fu`crW vwly nvyN-ivdvwnW dI g`l mMn leIey qW sUrj m`l (jnm 5 sqMbr 1623) Aqy AxI rwey (jnm 24 AkqUbr 1623) ivc isr& 1 mhInw 19 idn dw &rk hY; kI ieh shI ho skdw hY ieko mW ieM\ b`cw jMm skdI hY[ ieM\ hI Atl rwey (jnm 6 &rvrI 1626) Aqy bIbI vIro ((jnm 11 julweI 1626) ivc 5 mhIny 5 idn dw &rk hY[kI ieh shI ho skdw hY ieko mW ieM\ b`cw jMm skdI hY! ieh qW nvIN Koj hY ik b`icAW dy jnm nUM 9-10 mhIny dy &rk nwl nhIN 49 idn qy 150 idn mgroN vI jMimAw jw skdw hY!
gurU Gr dy ipAwirAW dIAW mOqW
julweI 1635 ivc gurU swihb iPr mwJy dy dOry ’qy gey [ ienHW idnW ivc hI 11 Agsq 1635 dy idn mIAW mIr dI mOq ho geI[ 25 Agsq 1636 dy idn BweI gurdws cVHweI kr gey[ ies vyly gurU swihb goieMdvwl ivc hI sn qy BweI gurdws dw sskwr aunHW Awpxy h`QIN kIqw[ kuJ mhIny mwJy ivc prcwr krn mgroN gurU swihb iPr kIrqpur muV Awey[ 12 &rvrI 1637 dy idn iblwspur dy rwjy kilAwx cMd dI mOq ho geI[ gurU swihb aus dI Aw^rI rsm vwsqy iblwspur pu`jy[ ies qoN iek swl mgroN 15 mwrc 1638 dy idn Awp dy v`fy byty (bwbw) gurid`qw dI mOq ho geI[ ieM\ hI 31 Agsq 1638 dy idn ibDI cMd vI cVHweI kr igAw[ 1643 ivc BweI jwqI m`l (pu`qr BweI isMGw puroihq) vI ies &wnI dunIAW nUM C`f ky tur igAw[
ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry ihMdU rwjpUq rwjy gurU swihb kol kIrqpur swihb ivc pnwh lYx vwsqy Awey[ ieh swry rwjy muZlW dy zulm qoN qMg Aw ky qy bwZI ho ky gurU swihb kol pnwhgIr bxy hoey sn qy auQy rih rhy sn[
3 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurU sihb joqI-joiq smw gey qy jwx qoN pihlW gurU hir rwey swihb (spuqr bwbw gurid`qw) nUM gurg`dI sONp gey[ gurU swihb dy sskwr vyly iek rwjpUq rwjy ny Awp dI icqw ivc ClWg mwr ky AwpxI jwn dy idqI qy iek hor ny Awpxy sIny ivc ktwr mwr leI[ ieh dovyN gurU jI dw ivCoVw nw J`l sky qy ies dunIAW nUM Alivdw kih ky tur gey[ gurU hir rwey swihb ny ies nUM Zlq ikhw qy r`d kIqw Aqy sMgqW nUM smJwieAw ik ieh kwrvweI is`K &ls&y muqwibk shI nhIN hY[
gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies dunIAW ivc pOxy curMjw swl rhy ijs ivcoN aunHW ny pihly solHW swl (1606 qk) ipqw dI AgvweI ivc pMQ dI syvw kIqI[ ies mgroN auh Cy swl gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd rhy aunHW ny 101 rwijAW nUM kYd ivcoN irhw vI krvwieAw[ aunHW nUM cwr v`fIAW Aqy do CotIAW lVweIAW lVnIAW peIAW[ gurU swihb ny Akwl q^q swihb prgt kIqw, &Oj vI bxweI, rwijAW nUM isAwsI srprsqI vI idqI Aqy muZlW dy sqwey rwijAW nUM pnwh vI idqI[ aunHW dy ZYr-is`K Dwrimk hsqIAW nwl vI dosqwnw sbMD sn[ aunHW ny sYNkVy ipMfW ivc jw ky Drm prcwr vI kIqw; (gurU) gRMQ swihb dy bhuq swry srUp vI iqAwr krvwey[ aunHW ny swry mulk dy is`KW nUM iek lVI ivc vI proieAw[ gurU swihb ny is`KW nUM Drm, isAwsI i&lws&I, &OjI qwkq qy sUJ, ifplomysI, BweIcwrk sWJ Aqy hor ikMnw kuJ idqw[ iek Awm soc vwly ienswn vwsqy ieh mMnxw muSikl ho jWdw hY ik kI ieh swrI syvw ieko hI hsqI ny kIqI sI[
Akwl q^q dw s`co-s`c
ijs iemwrq nUM Aj-klH Akwl q^q ikhw jw irhw hY, auh Akwl purK dw q^q nhIN hY[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb nyy AijhI koeI iemwrq (AKOqI q^q) nhIN bxweI sI[ auN\ idlscsp g`l ieh kihxw hY ik gurU jI ny Akwl purK dw q^q bxwieAw sI[ Xwin audoN qk Akwl pur^ Awpxy q^q ’qy ibrwjmwn nhIN sI; jW, ieh kih lE ik Akwl purK nUM q^q ’qy ibTwaux vwly gurU hrgoibMd jI sn[ ieh Awm prcwr kIqw jwx lg ipAw hY ik Akwl q^q khI jWdI iemwrq dI nINh gurU jI ny 15 jUn 1606 dy idn r`KI sI[ keIAW ny ies qwrI^ nUM ies kr ky mMn ilAw ikauNik ieh qwrI^ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ dy lyKk ny ilKI sI qy aus ny ies dw ilKx swl 1718 iliKAw sI[ hwlW ik hux swibq ho cukw hY ik ieh ikqwb sMn 1830 qoN mgroN dI ilKI hoeI hY[
ijs QW ’qy Aj-klH Akwl q^q nW dI iemwrq jW gurduAwrw hY, ieh drAsl AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI (AkwlI nYxw isMG qy aus mgroN AkwlI PUlw isMG dw invws ie`Qy sI; aunHW dy bhuqy swQI ‘CwvxI inhMgW’, ij`Qy hux burj AkwlI PUlw isMG hY, ivc irhw krdy sn)[ ies buMgy nUM ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ jW ‘Akwl buMgw’ ikhw jWdw sI[ sMn 1748 Aqy 1765 dy ivckwr dl Kwlsw dIAW swrIAW XwrHW is`K imslW Aqy PUlikAW ny pMjwb dw bhuq swrw ielwkw ij`q ilAw sI; pr AkwlIAW ny koeI ielwkw kbzy ivc nhIN sI kIqw[ auh gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl kirAw krdy sn[
sMn 1765 qoN mgroN bhuq swry is`K gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc rihx lg pey[ ies dy nwl hI hr iek imsl ny AwpxIAW hvylIAW Aqy buMgy bxwauxy SurU kr ley sn[ ies ngr ivc 72 buMigAW dy hox dw pqw cldw hY[audoN drbwr swihb dy muK gyt (jo cursqI AtwrI, gurU bwzwr) vwly pwsy sI [ AkwlIAW ny aus gyt dy nwl Awpxw buMgw bxwieAw sI[ ies nUM lok Akwl buMgw ikw krdy sn[ ie`Qy pihloN AkwlI nYxw isMG qy iPr AkwlI PUlw isMG rihMdy rhy sn[ 1823 ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN ies buMgy dI AhmIAq Gt geI[ auN\ iemwrq kwiem rhI[ mgroN ies buMgy au~qy igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[
myry sxy, ijhVy qvwrI^ lyKk ATwrHvIN sdI ivc hox vwly ‘srbq Kwlsw’ ie`kTW (^ws kr ky sMn 1733, 1747, 1748, 1763, 1765 Awid) dw izkr krdy hn qW auh ieh ilKdy rhy hn ik ieh iek`T Akwl q^q ’qy hoey sn[ drAsl ieh iek`T drbwr swihb dI hdUd ivc, AkwlIAW dy buMgy Aqy dI drSnI ifayFI dy ivckwr KulHy mYdwn ivc hoieAw krdy sn[ AkwlIAW dy buMgw dy mUhry iek`T hox kr ky ieiqhwskwrW ny ienHW iek`TW nUM ZlqI nwl Akwl q^q ‘’qy hoey iek`T ilK id`qw sI[ ieh vI i^Awl r`Kx dI loV hY ik ieh srbq Kwlsw iek`T AkwlI hI bulwieAw krdy sn[ Aw^rI srbq Kwslw iek`T sMn 1804 ivc audoN hoieAw sI jdoN mrh`tw jrnYl XSvMq rwE holkr is`KW koloN AMgryz jrnYl lyk nwl lVweI ivc mdd mMgx AwieAw sI[ ieh iek`T AkwlI PUlw isMG ny bulwieAw sI[ ies dw izkr lY&tInYNt krnl mwlkm ny AwpxI ikqwn ‘skY~c Aw& d is`Kz’ ivc s&w 120 ’qy kIqw hY[ mwlkm ny AwpxI swrI ikqwb (jo 1812 ivc CpI sI) ivc ikqy vI Akwl q^q l&z dI vrqoN nhIN kIqI[
‘AkwlI buMgw’ ‘Akwl q^q’ ikvyN bixAw?: ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ nW dI iemwrq dw bqOr ‘q^q’ isDWq drbwr swihb dy gRMQI igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw GiVAw hoieAw hY[ AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny Awpxy buMgy ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS kr ky ieh prcwrnw SurU kr id`qw ik ieh gurU jI dw q^q sI[ Boly lokW ny au~Qy vI m`Qw tykxw SurU kr id`qw[ hor qW hor hrI isMG nlvw qk aus dy prcwr dy Asr hyTW Aw igAw Aqy aus ny 1835 ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG nUM iek l`K rupY dy ky q^q dI Cy mMizlW iemwrq bxwaux Aqy ies ’qy sonw lwaux vwsqy ikhw[igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ies ivcoN bhuq pYsw hzm kr ilAw[ 1837 ivc nlvy dI mOq mgroN igAwnI gurmuK isMG qoN ihswb mMgx vwlw koeI nhIN sI[
igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ‘Akwl q^q’ dy nvyN isDWq nUM kwiem krn vwsqy Awpxy iek swQI drbwrw isMG (jo drbwr swihb dw iek gRMQI sI) nwl iml ky ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ikqwb ilK id`qI[ ieh g`l 1830 dy duAwly dI hY[ ies ikqwb ivc aus ny Akwl q^q bwry iek pUrw kWf ilK id`qw qW jo lokW ivc Akwl q^q dw nvW isDWq prcwr ky aunHW qoN cVHwvy hwisl kIqy jwx[ aus ny ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ies ikqwb dw JUTw ilKx swl 1718 ilK ky ies dI purwqnqw dw pRBwv vI pw ilAw[ ies ikqwb dy lyKk ny lyKk dw nW nhIN sI id`qw Aqy sohn l&z vwr-vwr Awaux kwrn lokW ny iksy sohn kvI nUM ies dw lyKk smJ ilAw sI[ pr, ies dy bwvjUd Awm lokW ivc Ajy Akwl q^q vwlw koeI isDWq nhIN sI[ q^q qW id`lI qy lwhOr ivc sn: iek muZlW kol qy iek mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol[ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ qoN Cu`t iksy iek vI ikqwb jW dsqvyz ivc ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z qk nhIN imldw[
vYSno toly dw prcwr: iek sB qoN Aihm g`l ko kæwbly-ZOr hY auh ieh hY ik gurmuK isMG ‘inrmlw’ sI (aus dw ipqw igAwnI sMq isMG qy dwdw sUrq isMG is`KW ivc inrmlw toly dy muKI sn)[ inrmlw surq isMG kwSI Aqy knKl (hrduAwr) dy bRwhmxW dw cylw sI Aqy ies kr ky auh imQhwsk dyviqAW ivSnU Aqy gxyS dw pujwrI sI (aus dy Gr dy muK duAwr ’qy gxyS dy isr dw buq l`gw hoieAw sI)[ is`KW ivc swrI vYSno Aqy vydWqI lihr ies toly dI hI aupj hY[ 1765 ivc pMjwb ’qy is`K imslW dw kbzw ho jwx qoN kuJ swl bwAd (qkrIbn 1775-80 ivc) ieh tolw AMimRqsr ivc kwiem hoxw SurU ho igAw sI[ iesy toly ny drbwr swihb nUM ‘ivSnU’ dw mMdr bxwaux dw prcwr SurU kIqw sI Aqy ies dw nW ‘drbwr swihb’ qoN ‘hrI (ivSnU) dw mMdr’ prcwrnw SurU kIqw sI[ ies gurmuK isMG ny ‘gur iblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ieh isDWq prcwirAw sI ik ivSnU rwq smyN drbwr swihb (aus dy l&zW ivc hrI (ivSnU) mMdr ivc ivSrwm krdw hY[ iesy ikqwb ivc iliKAw hY ik ivSnU dI hdwieq ’qy hI gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny ‘Akwl q^q’ dI rcnw kIqI sI; Xwin gurmuK isMG ny ivSnU nUM ‘Akwl purK’ Aqy AKOqI Akwl q^q nUM ‘ivSnU dw q^q’ vjoN kwiem kIqw sI[ gurmuK isMG ny qW vD cVHwvw lYx vwsqy ieh vI prcwirAw sI ik is`K nUM pihlW ivSnU dy q^q (Akwl q^q) ’qy m`Qw tykxw cwhIdw hY qy mgroN hrI (ivSnU) dy mMdr jwxw cwhIdw hY[
sqMbr 1843 dy qIjy h&qy mhwrwj Syr isMG nUM kql krn vwly sMDwvwlIAW dy nwl aunHW dy swQIAW nUM vI mwr id`qw igAw[ aunHW ivc ieh igAwnI gurmuK isMG vI sI[ ies dy nwl hI ‘Akwl buMgw’ q^q nw bxwieAw jw sikAw qy iPr Akwl buMgw hI rih igAw; pr au~Qy gurU gRMQ siwhb dw srUp pRkwS kIqw hoieAw hox kr ky lok m`Qw tykdy rhy Aqy ieh iek nvW gurduAwrw bixAw irhw[ ies buMgy ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw pu`qr prdumx isMG irhw krdw sI; ies kr ky ie`QoN dw cVHwvw aus nUM imldw irhw sI[
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dw 1839 ivc aus dI mOq qk dw roznwmcw ‘aumdwquq qvwrI^’ vjoN CipAw imldw hY[ ies ivc vI ikqy vI ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN kIqI nhIN imldI[
bUty Swh ny 1842 ivc iek ikqwb ‘qwrI^y pMjwb’ ilKI sI[ ies ikqwb ivc iek ih`sw ‘pMjwb dI jogrw&XweI qvwrI^’ hY[ ies ivc s&w 51 ’qy sw& iliKAw hY ik AMimRqsr ivc bhuq swrIAW imslW dy AwgUAW Aqy srdwrW ny buMgy bxwey hoey sn[ aunHW ivcoN iek ieh AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI; ieh AkwlI qlwau (drbwr swihb) dy pujwrI sn[ aus ny ikqy vI ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN nhIN kIqI[
ies mgroN drbwr swihb ’qy AMgryzW dw Ais`Dw kbzw ho igAw[ aunHW ny idKwvy vjoN dsqury-Aml iqAwr krvw ilAw (ijs ivc isr& cVHwvw vMfx Aqy ifaUtIAW dw ihswb ikqwb sI) Aqy iek idKwvy dI ieMqzwmIAw kmutI vI bxw id`qI sI ijs dw muKI rwjw qyjw isMG sI (jo Asl ivc qyj rwm imsr sI ijhVw 1945-46 ivc lwhOr drbwr dIAW &OjW dw kmWfr-ien-cI& sI Aqy ijs ny ZdwrI kr ky pMjwb ’qy AMgryzW dw kbzw krvwieAw sI)[ pr ieh sB idKwvy dI kmytI sI[ auN\ ies kmytI dy smyN ivc vI koeI AKOqI Akwl q^q nhIN sI[
‘q^q swihb Akwl buMgw’ l&z dI pihlI vrqoN 1877 ivc hoeI sI: sMn 1873 ivc isMG sBw kwiem hoeI qW gurU nwnk swihb dy in`ky pu`qr lKmI dws dy vwirsW ivcoN iek Kym isMG bydI vI ies sBw nwl sbMDq ho igAw; pr aus dy AMdr lKmI dws vW| cVHwivAW ’qy plx dw subwau bixAw hoieAw sI; Aqy nwl hI auh m`Qy itkwaux Aqy AwpxI pUjw krvwaux dw vI SOkIn sI[ ies kwrn isMG sBw dy do ih`sy bx gey[ iek AMimRqsrI (Kym isMG bydI Aqy rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot hyT) Aqy dUjw lwhOrI (pRo. gurmuK isMG qy igAwnI id`q isMG hyT)[ lwhOrI DVw Kym isMG nUM nIm-gurU mMnx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI; ies kr ky auh ayus dy i^lw& swizSW GVdy rihMdy sn[ 1877 ivc jdoN Kym isMG bydI, rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot Aqy aunHW dy ihmwieqI pujwrIAW ny pRo&Ysr gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& “morcw” lwieAw qW pihlI vwrI l&z ‘q^q swihb Akwl buMgw’ vriqAw igAw[ Ajy vI ieh koeI q^q nhIN sI blik iek Akwl buMgw nUM hI q^q ikhw igAw sI[
pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& jwrI hoieAw AKOqI hukmnwmw iksy q^q jW srbrwh jW gRMQI/pujwrI v`loN jW iks AKOqI pMj ipAwirAW v`loN nhIN sI blik iek DVy nwl sbMDq toly v`loN sI[ ies AKOqI ^q ijs nUM mgroN iksy ny hukmnwmw kih id`qw sI au~qy srbrwh, reIs, mhMq, nMbrdwr, muhqimmW, gRMQIAW, pujwrIAW, DUpIAW (drbwr swihb ivc DUp bwlx vwly), p`qIdwrW, ArdwsIAW, inSwncIAW (inSwn swihb dI svw krn vwilAW) Awid ‘AhudydwrW’ dy dsq^q sn; iemHW ivcoN koeI vI (AKOqI ‘jQydwr’ nhIN sI (hyTW AKOqI hukmnwmy ivc dsq^q krn vwilAW dy AhuidAW bwry sw& vyiKAw jw skdw hY)[
hm jumly isMGwn pujwrIAn q^q swihb Akwl buMgw v drbwr swihb jI v bwbw Atl rwie jI v JMfw buMgw swihb v ShId buMgw swihb ny mulwhjy kwrvweI gurmuK isMG skiqR kw kIAw[ mwlUm hUAw hY ik ies S^s ny cMd jgw bri^lw& gurieSt ky qOhIn gurU gRMQ swihb v gurU AMs v gurbwnI ky qihrIr v qkrIr kIAw hY ijs sy swbq hoqw hY ik aus kw eykdwd is`K Drm sy iblkul bri^lw& hY[ ies vwsqy hm qmwm pujwrIAn v gRMQIAn v nMbrdwr gurduAwry hwie mddUh qihjIr krqy hYN ik gurmuK isMG mjkUr pMQ Kwlsw sy Alihdw kIAw igAw hY[ gurduAwry hwie mOsU& aus kI Ardws nw hogI v brqwau n hogw[ qmwm isMGwn ko vwizAw rhy ik koeI S^s aus kw pYrokwr nw ho[ jo S^s aus kI pYrvI krygw vuh BI bymuK lwiek qn^wh smJw jweygw[ AOr vYsw hI slUk aus ky swQ BI kIAw jwvygw[ Pkwq v qwrI^ sqvIN mwh cyq 418 gurU nwnkSwhI, muqwibk 18 mwrc sMn 1887.
dsq^q hwzrIn isMGn v auhdydwrwAn v gRMQIAn v pujwrIAn: srdwr mwn isMG srbrwh gurduAwry swihbwn, s: kwnH isMG mjIiTAw reIs, BweI hrnwm isMG gRMQI drbwr swihb, BweI gulwb isMG mhMq Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI qyjw isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI jvwhr isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI pRqwp isMG, suMdr isMG, Syr isMG, BweI krm isMG ArdwsIAw drbwr swihb, srdwr jsvMq isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Twkr isMG pujwrI, BweI dyvw isMG DUpIAw, BweI mulqwnw isMG, BweI sMqw isMG pujwrI, BweI hridq isMG ArdwsIAw, BweI mhW isMG, BweI tyk isMG p`qIdwr Akwl buMgIAw, cMcl isMG, gulwb isMG Akwl buMgIAw p`qIdwr, gulwb isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Aqr isMG Akwl buMgIAw, BweI nwrwiex isMG nMbrdwr bwbw At`l rwie swihb jI, BweI jvwhr isMG, BweI DMnw isMG bwbw Atl rwie jI dy suKeI, BweI drbwrw isMG JMfy buMgIAw, BweI ikrpwl isMG jI JMfy buMgIAw, gurid`q isMG inSwncI, BweI sMq isMG nMbrdwr, BweI nwrwiex isMG jI gRMQI qrn qwrn swihb[
‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI pihlI vrqoN 1920 ivc hoeI sI: 10 qoN 12 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ ‘‘Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl’’ jQybµdI v`loN jilHAW vwlw bwg ivc iek dIvwn sjwieAw igAw sI[ ies ivc suµdr isµG mjITw, krqwr isµG J`br, qyjw isµG Bu`cr, mµgl isµG mwn, bhwdr isµG hkIm vgYrw dIvwn ivc hwzr hoey sn[aunHIN idnIN drbwr swihb dy pujwrI AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`KW dw pRSwd kbUl nhIN krdy sI[ 11 AkqUbr rwq vyly mqw pws hoieAw ik AglI svyr ƒ AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy is`K pRSwd lY ky drbwr swihb jwx[ aunHW dy nwl keI is`K AwgU jwx vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[ Agly idn 12 AkqUbr dy idn AKOqI-pCVIAW zwqW dy keI isµGW ny AµimRq CikAw[ dIvwn dy ^qm hox qoN bwAd ieh swry isµG iek`Ty ho ky suµdr isµG mjITIAw dI AgvweI ivc drbwr swihb gey[ ijhw ik aumId sI pujwrIAW ny pRSwd kbUl nw kIqw[eyny icr ivc jQydwr krqwr isµG J`br Aqy jQydwr qyjw isµG Bu`cr vI pu`j gey[ hux sµgqW dI igxqI bhuq ho cu`kI sI[ A^Ir PYslw hoieAw ik gurU gRµQ swihb dw vwk ilAw jwey[ vwk ilAw igAw jo pRSwd kbUlx dy h`k ivc sI[ hux pujwrIAW nUM Ardws krnI peI sI[
ies qoN bwAd sµgqW Akwl q^q swihb vl geIAW[ sµgqW ƒ AwauNidAW vyK ky pujwrI q^q swihb ƒ suµ\w C`f ky B`j gey[ Akwl buMgw dI iemwrq ^wlI peI vyK ky hwzr sµgqW ny Akwl q^q swihb dI syvw sµBwl vwsqy 25 isµGW dI iek jQw bnwaux dw &Yslw kIqw[ 17 mYNbrW ny ausy vyly Awpxy Awp ƒ syvw vwsqy pyS kIqw[ ies jQy dy jQydwr qyjw isµG Bu`cr bxwey gey[ ies jQy dy muKI nUM ‘Akwl buMgw’ dI syvw sMBwl krn vwly ‘jQy dw jQydwr’ ikhw igAw sI[ ieh iksy AKOqI Akwl q^q dw jW kOm dw jQydwr nhIN sI; hW aus dw kMm Aqy drjw A`j dy drSnI ifauFI A`gy cob (fMfw) PV ky KVHy cOkIdwr jW kVwh pSwd vrqwaux vwly syvwdwr, Aqy, hukmnwmw lYx qy Ardws krn vwly vwly pujwrI vwlw zrUr sI[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc ikqy vI ies ‘AKOqI jQydwr’ v`loN kOm dy msilAW ’qy koeI Adwlq clwaux dI koeI imswl nhIN hY[
hor qW hor 1928 ivc jdoN qyjw isMG BsOV dy i^lw& ‘hukmnwmw’ jwrI kIqw igAw qW audoN vI ies dI Adwlq ‘Dwrimk slwhkwr kmytI’ Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv sn ijnHW ny ‘hukmnwmw; iqAwr kIqw sI, nw ik Akwl q^q dw pujwrI jW cwr hor pujwrI (vyKo: SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw pMjwh swlw ieiqhws)[
jUn 1978 ivc inrMkwrIAW dy i^lw& hukmnwmw iqAwr krn dI syvw iek ‘kmytI’ ny kIqI sI nw ik pMj pujwrIAW ny[ ies mgroN vI Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrIAW/ syvwdwrW dw is`K qvwrI^, is`K isAwsq jW Dwrimk svwlW sbMDI koeI zrw-mwsw vI rol nhIN sI[
‘Akwl q^q’ Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw haUAw ikvyN SurU hoieAw?: Akwl q^q swihb dy AKOqI jQydwr dy ies nvyN Ahudy dw haUAw 1982 dI dsMbr ivc swbk &OjIAW dI iek mIitMg ivc KVw kIqw igAw ijs ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw sI ik iBMfrWvwilAW nUM Akwl q&q dw jQydwr bxwE[ pr iksy ny ies g`l dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[
ies Ahudy dw Asl frwmw 1986 dI 26 jnvrI dy idn, Akwl q^q swihb mUhry hoey iek`T ivc kwiem hoieAw sI[ (mgroN iBMfrW-mihqw jQw v`loN ies iek`T nUM Zlq qOr ’qy ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy nW id`qw igAw sI)[ ies iek`T ivc vI jsbIr isMG rofy nUM jylH ivcoN irhw krvwaux vwsqy ies jQydwr rUpI ‘haUey’ dw pRcwr kIqw igAw sI[ srkwr dI mdd nwl jsbIr isMG rofy nUM AKOqI jQydwr qW bxw ilAw pr kuJ idnW ivc hI aus dI jQydwrI dw Bog pY igAw qy SRomxI kmytI ny aus nUM jQydwrI qoN &wirg kr id`qw[ auN\ ies mgroN ies nvIN qwkq dI vrqoN krn vwsqy gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy bwdl ny pihlW pRo. drSn isMG qy mgroN BweI rxjIq isMG nUM lY AWdw[ pRo. drSn isMG ny jdoN KwVkUAW nUM kuJ isiKAw dyxI cwhI qW aus ’qy &qivAW dw mINh vrnw SurU ho igAw[ BweI rxjIq isMG id`lI vyly qW KwVkUAW dw kMm muk cukw sI[
pr, ies nvyN dIAhudy dI nvIN vrqoN 1999 &rvrI ivc audoN SurU hoeI jd pRkwS isMG bwdl dw SRomxI kmytI Aqy Akwl q^q swihb dI iemwrq ‘qy kbzw ho igAw[ audoN qoN ies q^q bxt buMgy Aqy ies dy pujwrI nUM bwdl AkwlI dl dy dlwl vWg vriqAw jw irhw hY[ 1999 qoN ieh Ahudw Akwl q^q dI AKOqI Adwlq nhIN blik “pRkwS isMG bwdl dI mw&IAw Adwlq” vjoN kwrvweIAW krn vwsqy vriqAw jw irhw hY (ienHW pujwrIAW dIAW hrkW nUM muK rK ky ienHw nUM ‘bwdl dy Zulwm jW bwdl dIAW Dwrimk vysvwvW’ ikhw jw skdw hY)[
bwdl ny ies q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrI nUM Dwrimk mw&IAw Adwlq vjoN vrq ky prmjIq isMG srnw qoN ielwvw ismrnjIq isMG mwn, jgdIS isMG JINfw, dIdwr isMG nlvI Aqy hornW nUM vI nwjwiez qOr ’qy iT`T krn dI koiSS kIqI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw inrmilAW dy jQw iBMfrW-mihqw nUM ^US krn vwsqy ienHW pujwrIAW rwhIN gurb^S isMG kwlw A&Zwnw, joigMdr isMG spoksmYn Aqy (pRo) drSn isMG rwgI, fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr qy rxjIq isMG FfrIAWvwlw ’qy vI kuhwVw clwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI hY[
jdoN 2014 ivc hirAwxw ivc vKrI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bxI qW iesy frwmy nwl hI jgdIS isMG JINfw, dIdwr isMG nlvI Aqy hrimMdr isMG c`Tw ’qy kuhwVw clwieAw igAw sI[ 2019 dy A^Ir ivcBweI rxjIq isMG FfrIAWvwlw ’qy ieh kuhwVw clwaux dI plwinMg bxI sI[
iesy &rwf Ahudy hyT srsw fyry dy ryp qy kql dy mujirm gurmIq rwm rhIm nUM muAw&I dyx dw frwmw ricAw igAw[ Xwin ies nvyN pYdw kIqy gey nwjwiez Ahudy rUpI haUey nUM bwdl qy hrnwm DuMmy ny AwpxI ‘Dwrimk rKYl’ vjoN vriqAw[
ies swry nUM pMQ ny n&rq dI ingwh nwl vyiKAw hY Aqy ies nwl is`KW ivc pujwrIAW, buMgw Akwl q^q dI iemwrq (isDWq nhIN), SRomxI kmytI dw Adb bhuq GitAw hY[ koeI vylw sI ik Akwl q^q l&z dw vI Adb sI[ pr hux swry ivdvwn (kuJ cwplUsW nUM C`f ky) ienHW nUM hkwrq dI ingwh nwl vyKdy hn; sYNkVy gurduAwry, jQybMdUAW qy pMQk Adwry iehnW nUM durkwrdy hn Aqy ienHW dy AKOqI hukmnwimAW nUM ju`qI dI nok nwl TukrwauNdy hn[ lokW ivc Adb dI jgh hux ieh iqRskwr dy pwqr bx cuky hn[
Akwl q^q swihb d AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw nw qW is`K isDWqW jW &ls&y ivc mOjUd hY Aqy nw hI ieh is`K qvwrI^ ivc kdy sI[ Akwl q^q iek buMgw, gurduAwrw jW iemwrq dw nW nhIN hY; ieh iek &ls&w hY ijs dw mu`dwA ieh hY ik is`K isr& Akwl purK dy q^q dI pRjw hY qy is`K dI pihlI v&wdwrI Akwl purK nwl hY nw ik mhWkwl (mhwdyv, iSv), ivSnU nwl hY (cOk mihqw fyry dI ikqwb mqwibk qW Akwl q^q ivSnU dw hI q^q hY)[ dUjy l&zW ivc Akwl q^q koeI duinAwvI q^q, Adwlq jW d&qr nhIN hY[ ieh ‘sUKm’ isDWq hY ‘sQUl’ iemwrq/Adwrw nhIN hY[ pr, kuJ bysmJ AwgU Ajy qk aulJy hoey iPrdy hn[ bIqy idn iek s`jx dw hwsohIxw ibAwn CipAw sI ik “is`K pMQ AMdr jQydwrW dw ivSvws ^qm ho igAw hY, iPr vI FfrIAW vwl aunHW A`gy pyS hox”… ieh qW hwlq hY is`K kOm dy AwgU AKvwaux vwly lokW dI[
mOjUdw srUp ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Bwrq srkwr dy iek kwnUMn hyT isr& gurduAwrw “pRbMDk” kmytI hY (qy auh vI Bwrq dy iqMn sUibAW dy gurduAwirAW dI)[ ies kmytI ivc bwkI sUibAW jW ivdySW ivc rihMdy 25 l`K is`KW dw koeI ih`sw nhIN hY[ dUjw, ies “gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI” kmytI dw kMm gurduAwirAW dw pRbMD (syvw sMBwl) krnw hY[ is`K isDWq bxwaux Aqy lwgU krn jW is`KW ’qy koeI hukm lwgU krn dw ies kol koeI h`k nhIN[ ieh SRomxI kmytI iek DVy dy kbzy vwlI kmytI hY[ ieh bxI pMjwb ivcoN cuxy iek DVy dI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM lwauNdI hY[ jdoN jIA kry AwpxI mrzI nwl aunHW nUM lw dyNdI hY qy jdoN jIA kry k`F dyNdI hY (ijvyN igAwnI ikrpwl isMG, jsbIr isMG rofy, BweI rxjIq isMG, igAwnI pUrn isMG, BweI blvMq isMG nMdgVH k`Fy sn; Aqy joigMdr isMG vydWqI Aqy gurbcn isMG koloN dbky nwl AsqI&y ley sn; Aqy gRMQI gurmuK isMG dw qbwdlw kr id`qw sI)[ ienHW gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM smu`cw pMQ qW nhIN cuxdw, isr& iek tolw cuxdw hY (Asl ivc pRkwS isMG bwdl, cOk mihqw fyry dy muKI hrnwm isMG Dumw dI iejwzq nwl, cuxdw hY)[ ies pujwrI (AKOqI jQydwr) SRomxI kmytI dy qn^whdwr mulwzm hn[ ieh pMQ dy jQydwr ikvyN ho skdy hn?
is`KW ivc iek buMgy nUM ‘Akwl q^q’ bxwaux Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw kwiem krnw iek swizS sI, jo hux bynkwb ho geI hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk koeI AKOqI q^q nhIN qy nw hI aus dw koe ‘jQydwr’ ho skdw hY[ q^q audoN qk sI jdoN gurU jI drbwr lwauNdy sn qy jQydwr qW iksy jQy dw huMdw hY[ so nw qW iek buMgw q^q hY qy nw iek pujwrI kOm dw jQydwr hY[
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)