bIbI rqn kOr ipµf sur isµG (vµf qoN pihlW izlHw lwhOr, hux AµimRqsr) dI mHwxw dI p`qI dy bKSIS isµG iF`loN dI pqnI sI[ bKSIS isµG aunHW pihly mJYlW ivcoN iek sn ijnHW sMn 1896 ivc ivdyS dI DrqI ’qy pYr pwieAw sI[ do swl AmrIkw ivc rihx mgroN auh iPr Awpxy ipMf vwps AwieAw sI qy do swQIAW ƒ nwl lY ky muV swn&rWissko clw igAw sI[ sMn 1900 ivc dobwrw AwieAw sI qy rqn kOr ƒ nwl lY igAw sI[
ivdyS dI DrqI qy pYr pwaux vwlI, rwxI ijMdW qoN bwAd, pihlI pMjwbx bIbI Swied ieh rqn kOr hI sI[ ivdyS ivc rih ky aus ny A`T b`icAW nUM jnm id`qw sI[ ienHW dohW jIAW ny hI sB qoN pihlW Awpxw mkwn ivdyS ivc bxwieAw sI qy ienHW dw Gr hI pµjwb qoN jwx vwly bhuq swry pMjwbIAW dI Twhr bxdw huMdw sI[ 1913 ivc jd Zdr pwrtI bxI qW ienHW dw Gr hI ZdrIAW dy smUh dw hY~fkuAwtrz bixAw sI[ jo lok jµgl iv`coN lkVW k`tx qy lwienW ivCwaux dI lybr krdy sn, aunHW dI rotI pkwaux dI syvw vI rqn kOr iKVy m`Qy krdy rhy sn[
rqn kOr ƒ mwx sI ik aus dy ipqw qy BrwvW ny guru qy gurbwxI nwl juV ky, AwzwdI vwsqy ivFI jµg ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ iesy leI aus ny Awpxy qyrHW swlw pu`qr bu`D SmSyr isµG ƒ jlwvqn srkwr dy pRweIm minstr mihMdr pRqwp isMh nwl AjwdI dy imSn leI qor idqw sI[ ies prvwr kol aus smyN dI qsvIr mOjUd hY ijs ivc rwjy mihµdr pRqwp isMh nwl, s. gyNdw isµG sgl, dsONDw isµG mwn, ieµdr isµG qqUmwjrw, ibSn isµG burj, crn isµG Jultw qy s. dUlw isµG KyVw nzr AwauNdy hn[ ies pirvwr muqæwibkæ rwjw mihMdr pRqwp isMh dI kQnI qy krnI ivc Prk sI; aus ny b`cy dw pUrI qrHW iKAwl nw r`iKAw; A^Ir auh b`cw, bu`D smSyr isµG, cIn dy gobI fYjrt ivcoN hI ibmwr ho ky swQIAW smyq vwips Aw igAw sI[ mgroN ies bu`D SmSyr ny XUnIvristI ivcoN pMjwbIAW ivcoN sB qoN pihlW fwktr dI ifgrI hwsl kIqI sI[
Zdr AwgUAW bwbw ivswKw isµG ddyhr, bwbw sohx isµG Bknw, s. aUDm isµG ksyl, s: kysr isµG TTgVH vrgy nwmvr ZdrIAW dI pihlI bYTk iesy dy Gr hoeI sI[ ies qoN ielwvw pihly lwhOr swjs kys ivc PWsI lgx vwly BweI krqwr isµG srwBw, BweI jgq isµG sur isµG, ivSƒ gxyS ipMgly vrgy qy hor nwmvr ZdrI vI ienHW dy Gr AwauNdy-jWdy rhy sn[ mgroN gvrnr mweIkl aufvwier ƒ golI mwrn vwlw auDm isµG kµboj vI swnPrWissko iv`c ienHW kol hI do swl qk irhw sI[ rqn kOr dy ijaUNdy jI hI aus dy do pu`qr qy do DIAW cVHweI kr gey sn[ aus ny Awp vI ivdyS ivc hI cVHweI kIqI sI
(lyKk: fw. AmrjIq kOr iebnklW).