kSmIr ivc puMC dirAw Aqy byqwr nwly dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw iek ksbw (jMmU qoN qkrIbn 225 qy sRIngr qoN qkrIbn 175 iklomItr dUr)[ puMC sMn 850 ivc rwjw nr hyT iek Awzwd irAwsq sI[ rwjqrMgnI ikqwb muqæwibkæ sMn 1020 ivc ie`QoN dy rwjy ny mihmUd ZznvI nUM zbrdsq t`kr idqI sI[ sMn 1596 ivc muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr ny isrwju`dIn rwTOr (jo rwjw joDw qy sUrj isMh dI kul ivcoN sI) nUM ies irAwsq dw hwkm bxw id`qw sI[ ieh ^wndwn sMn 1798 qk ie`Qy hkUmq krdw irhw sI[ sMn 1819 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rxjIq isMG ny ieh irAwsq iDAwn isMh fogry nUM jwgIr vjoN dy id`qI sI[ sMn 1846 ivc jdoN gulwb isMh fogrw AMgRyzW dI mdd nwl kSmIr dw hwkm bixAw qW BwvyN ieh Awzwd rhI sI, pr ieh gulwb isMh dI hkumq dw ih`sw bxI sI[ sMn 1940ivAW ivc ieh kSmIr irAwsq dw ih`sw jwxI jwx lg peI sI[ sMn 1947 ivc ie`QoN dy lokW ny pwiksqwn ivc Swiml hox vwsqy bZwvq SurU kr id`qI sI, ijs nUM BwrqI &Oj ny dbw id`qw sI Aqy 20 nvMbr 1948 dy idn ies dy pUrbI ih`sy ’qy puUrw kbzw kr ilAw sI; pr, p`CmI ih`sw pwiksqwn dy kbzy vwly ‘Awzwd kSmIr’ dw ihsw irhw sI[ puxC hux vI in`kw ijhw ksbw hY[ 2021 ivc ie`QoN dI AwbwdI qkrIbn 27 hzwr sI (sMn 1947 ivc qkrIbn 9 hzwr sI)[ puxC dw vwsIAW ivcoN 44% ihMdU, 33% muslmwn qy 21% is`K hn[
mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU goibMd isMG jI ny BweI PyrU isMG nUM puxC Aqy kSmIr dy ielwky ivc is`KI pRcwr vwsqy ByijAw sI[ aus ny bhuq swry lokW nUM is`KI ivc Swiml kIqw sI[ A`goN aus dy cyilAW ivcoN pMjwb isMG Aqy rocw isMG ny hor vI bhuqw pRcwr kIqw sI[ iPr rocw isMG ny ngwlI ipMf ivc fyrw kwiem kr ky is`KI pRcwr ivc ih`sw pwieAw sI[ ngwlI ipMf vwsqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny bhuq jwgIr id`qI sI[ rocw isMG dy iek cyly mylw isMG ny vI puxC dy ielwky ivc is`KI dw bhuq pRcwr kIqw sI. hor vyKo: ngwlI.