ies ielwky ivc poTohwrI (jo pMjwbI dw iek aup-bolI hY) qoN ielwvw pMjwbI dIAW hor aup-bolIAW phwVI qy ihMdko vI bolIAW jWdIAW hn[ pMjwb qoN bwhrly sUibAW ivcoN Awey lok jW kwljW dy pVHy lok aurdU boldy hn[ ies ielwky dy sB qo vD kImqI ^zwinAW ivc suAW dirAw vI hY jo mrI qoN kwlw bwZ qk vgdw hY[ies ivc bhuq swrw ielwkw phwVI hY, pr kw&I ielwkw pDrw vI hY, ij`Qy KyqI huMdI hY[ ies ielwky ivc imlx vwly Pl dunIAw dy sB qoN vDIAw PlW ivc Swiml hn[
sMn 1947 qk poTohwr dy ielwky ivc hzwrW is`K qy ihMdU vsdy sn (jo ik kul AwbwdI dw qkrIbn 15% sn); aunHW ivcoN bhuqy pitAwlw, luiDAwxw qy id`lI jw vsy sn[ ies ielwky ivc 20 qoN vD Kwlsw skUl bxy hoey sn[ poTohwr dy ielwky ny bhuq swrIAW Aihm S^sIAqW nUM jnm id`qw hY, ijnHW ivc mwstr qwrw isMG, fw. mohn isMG dIvwnw, igAwnI hIrw isMG drd, pRo, mohn isMG, ipRMsIpl qyjw isMG, krqwr isMG du`gl, sMq isMG gujr^wnI (prmjIq isMG srnw id`lI dy v`fy-vfyry), gurmuK isMG muswi&r vI Swiml hn.
mnikAwlw ivc bu`D Drm dw sqUp
it`lw jogIAW phwV
Prvwlw iklHw dy KMfr
{hor vyKo: hsn Abdwl, coAw swihb, it`lw jogIAW, qkiSlw, rohqws}.
poTohwrn= poTohwr dy ielwky dI AOrq.
poTohwrI= poTohwr dy ielwky dI bolI (jo pMjwbI dI aup-bolI hY).