Archives: Gurdwaras and Cities Punjabi

GuVwxI/GuVwnI

izlHw luiDAwxw dI pwiel qihsIl dw iek v`fw ipMf hY[ ieh pwiel-rwVw mwrg ’qy, hY; Aqy pwiel qoN 6, smrwlw qoN 16, KMnw qoN 14 iklomItr dUr hY[ ipMf ivc lgy iek borf muqwibk gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies QW ’qy 25 Pgx sMmq 1688 (sMn 1631) dy idn Awey sn[ ieh qwrI^ 1631 dI 21 &rvrI bxdI hY; jy gurU jI dw Awauxw sMmq 1687 dw hovy qW ieh qwrI^ 17 &rvrI 1631 bxdI hY[ qvwrI^ muqwibk gurU jI ie`Qy frolI BweI qoN sMn 1631 dy A^Ir jW sMn 1632 dy SurU ivc Awey ho skdy hn[

GuVwnI ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc cwr gurduAwry bxy hoey hn (vyKo: qsvIrW): 1. gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb pwqSwhI CyvIN (irvwieq muqwibk ipMf qoN bwhr ies QW ’qy iek swDU nwl gurU jI dI Drm crcw hoeI sI) 2. gurduAwrw colw swihb (ieh dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik gurU hirgoibMd swihb ijs coly nUM pihx ky gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivcoN 52 rwijAW nUM irhw krvw ky Awey sn auh 52 klIAW vwlw colw ie`Qy ipAw hY; hwlW ik coly nUM vyK ky sw& pqw lgdw hY ik ieh auh colw nhIN ho skdw) 3. gurduAwrw inMmsr: (irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI ny inm dI dwqn kr ky DrqI ivc g`fI sI, jo dr^q bx igAw sI) 4. gurduAwrw crn kml hvylI swihb: ie`Qy l`gy hoey iek borf muqwibk gurU hirgoibMd swihb BweI sUrqIAw dy Gr 45 idn Tihry sn (45 idn vwlI gl shI nhIN hY; gurU jI ie`Qy iek-A`D idn hI ruky sn)[ BweI sUrqIAw dw Gr hux gurduAwry ivc qbdIl ho cukw hY)[ ie`Qy iek purwxw joVw Aqy iek pMj gRMQI gutkw r`Ky hoey hn ijnHW bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh gurU jI dy sn)[ie`Qyy iek purwxy plMG dw bwx/ vwx vI r`Ky hoey hn[

iek khwxI muqwibk jd gurU jI sUrqIey dy Gr pu`jy qW aus dy Gr ivc Kwx vwsqy Anwj nhIN sI[ krwmwqI khwxI muqwibk gurU jI ny BVoly ivc kuJ dwxy pw ky ikhw ik BVOlI ivc koeI nw vyKy[ hyTW morI KolH ky dwxy k`Fdy rho[ 180 swl qk iksy ny F`kx nw cuikAw qy sdw dwxy hwisl krdy rhy[ mgroN Gr AweI iek nvIN nhuM ny Axjwxy ivc F`kx cuikAw qW vyiKAw ik BVolI ^wlI peI sI[ ieho ijhIAW keI krwmwqI kwlpink khwxIAW keI gurUAW nwl joVIAW imldIAW hn[

gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb

 

dmdmw swihb gurduAwry bwhr l`gw kwlpink khwxIAW vwlw l`gw borf

 

gurduAwrw colw swihb

 

gurduAwrw inMmsr

 

gurduAwrw crn kml, hvylI swihb

 

iek colw ijs nUM 52 klIAW vwlw ikhw jw irhw hY

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur vyly ies ipMf ivc kuJ Gr rwmrweIAW dy sn[ aunHW ny iek guris`K rwgI bulwkw isMG ƒ bhuq qMg kIqw hoieAw sI[ iek vwr qW aus dw duqwrw vI BMn id`qw sI[ sMn 1710 ivc bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur au~Qy igAw Aqy aus ny aunHW rwmrweIey guMifAW ƒ s^q szw idqI[ ies dy nwl hI bMdw isMG ny bulwkw isMG ƒ au~QoN dw Qwnydwr vI lw idqw[ bwbw bMdw isMG dI Xwd ivc ipMf dy AMdr gurduAwrw ShId bwbw bMdw isMG bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

GoVyvwhw

izlHw huiSAwrpur dI tWfw qihsIl (tWfw qoN 9, huiSAwrpur qoN 16 iklomItr dUr) dw iek pRwcIn ipMf[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh GoVyvwhw rwjpUqW dw ipMf sI (ienHW ivcoN kuJ ^ud nUM kCvwhw rwjpUq kihMdy hn)[ ies ipMf ivc sMn 1070 ivc rwjw hvwhw rwj krdw sI[ aus mgroN aus dIAW 13 puSqW ie`Qy rwj krdIAW rhIAW sn[ irvwieq muqwibk ieh v`fI irAwsq sI ijs ivc nkodr, rwhoN, jwflw Awid dy ivckwrlw ielwkw Swiml sI[ iesy irvwieq muqwibk jdoN Akbr dw jrnYl bYrm ^wn bwZI ho igAw qW aus ny aus nUM ienHW rwjpUqW dI mdd nwl hI PiVAw sI[ ‘AweIny AkbrI’ ivc ies ipMf dw nW ‘KorI vwhw’ vjoN AwauNdw hY[ 1947 qk rwhoN Aqy jwflw dy rwxy ies irAwsq dy dw pRbMD krdy rhy sn[ 1947 dI vMf mgroN rwhoN dy muslmwn rwjpUq pwiksqwn cly gey qy jwflw dy ihMdU rwjpUq ie`Qy rih gey[1947 qoN pihlW cODrI Abdur rihmwn ies ielwky qoN XUnIAinst pwrtI v`loN AYm.AYl.ey sI[ pwiksqwn dw swbkw cI& jsits ie&iq^wr muhMmd cODrI qy p`CmI pMjwb dI AsYNblI dw swbkw ifptI spIkr rwxw SmIm Aihmd ^wn iesy kbIly ivcoN hn

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

­GoVyvwh

izlHw gurdwspur (qihsIl kwhnUvwn) dw iek ipMf (kwhnUvwn qoN 4 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

(GoVvwh ipMf 16 meI 1933 ivc, gurduAwry dw guMbd ids irhw hY; qsvIr: DMnw isMG cihl)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Gyp/ Gyb

p`CmI pMjwb ivc poTohwr ielwky dy Atk izlHy ivc (rwvlipMfI qoN qkrIbn 100 qy Atk qoN 45 iklomItr dUr) ipMfI Gyb iek ngr Aqy iek qihsIl hY (pihloN ieh kYNblpur izlHy dw ih`sw sI)[ ieh ngr Gybw kbIly dy Gybw ^wn dy nW ’qy visAw mMinAw jWdw hY, jo eyQy bwrHvIN sdI ivc AwieAw sI)[ ipMfI Gyb qihsIl ivc 134 ipMf Aqy ipMfI gYb ksbw Swiml hn[ kul AwbwdI iek l`K qoN kuJ vD hY[ muK kOmW joDVw qy Avwn (qrqIbvwr 30 qy 32%) hn; ies qoN ielwvw K`tr qy pTwx (qrqIbvwr 17% qy 10%) vI hn[ ie`QoN dI bolI GybI hY jo ihMdko dI iek aupbolI hY[ kuJ lok Atk izlHy dI &qhjMg qihsIl nUM vI Gyb dw ielwkw mMndy hn (&qhjMg ngr ipMfI Gyb qoN qkrIbn 50 iklomItr dUr hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ZznI ngr

ZznI A&Zwinsqwn dy qkrIbn A`D ivckwr, ZznI nW dy sUby dy ZznI izlHw ivc, iek pRwcIn Sihr hY[ kdy ieh boDIAW dw iek v`fw kyNdr sI[ ies ’qy XUnwn dy iskMdr ny vI kbzw kIqw sI[ sqvIN sdI ivc muslmwn &OjW ny ie`Qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy ie`QoN dy lokW nUM jbrdsqI muslmwn bxwauxw SurU kIqw[ A^Ir swry lok hI muslmwn bx gey[ nOvIN sdI ivc s&rId kbIly ny Aqy dsvIN sdI ivc subkqgIn ny ies nUM rwjDwnI bxwieAw[ sMn 977 qoNsMn 1150 qk ies dI Swn inrwlI sI[ iksy vyly ie`QoN dw iklHw bhuq mzbUq sI (hux ieh Qyh vrgI hwlq ivc hY):

sMn 1151 ivc ZOrIAW ny ies Sihr nUM qbwh kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN mMgolW qoN du`rwnIAW qk (cwr sdIAW qoN vD smW) ies dI hwlq ^rwb huMdI rhI[ ie`kIvIN sdI ivc A&Zwn srkwr ny ies dI guAwcI Swn bhwl krn dI plwn bxweI[ pr 10 Agsq 2018 dy idn qwilbwn dy hmilAW vyly ies dw iPr bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ ies vkq ies ngr dI AwbwdI 2 l`K 70 hzwr dy krIb hY[ ie`QoN dy mShUr hwkmW ivcoN mihmUd ZznvI ihMd ’qy bhuq hmly kIqy sn.

ZznI ivc sulqwn bihrm Swh v`loN bwrHvIN sdI ivc bxwieAw iek mInwr (ieh do mInwr sn ijnHW ivcoN iek Fih cukw hY) :

gurU nwnk swihb m`kw Aqy bZdwd qoN pMjwb Awaux vwsqy ZznI, kwbul Aqy jlwlbwd qoN huMdy ipSwvr pu`jy sn[ ZznI ivc iksy vyly is`KW dy vI bhuq Gr sn[ au~Qy A`j vI ‘gurduAwrw koTw swihb’ mOjUd hY[ BweI nMd lwl ie`QoN dy rihx vwly sn[ bVw bwzwr ivc BweI nMd lwl dy nW ’qy iek gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw sI jo hux Fih cukw hY.

gurduAwrw koTw swihb :

gurduAwrw BweI nMd lwl dw Qyh :

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

GivMfI

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw lwhOr ivc brkI dy nyVy (lwhOr-GivMfI mwrg ’qy, GivMfI qoN 2 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb jwhmx ipMf qoN cl ky eyQy Awey sn[ ies gurduAwry dw nW ‘lUhVw swihb’ sI ikauNik eyQy lUhVy dw iek dr^q sI[ ies gurduAwry nwl vI iek kwlpink khwxI juVI hoeI hY ik eyQy vxjwirAW dI iek bsqI sI qy auh lok Awpxy iek vxjwry dy Gr lVkw hox dI ^uSI ivc jSn mnw rhy sn[ khwxI muqwibk mrdwny nUM Bu`K lgI qW aus ny gurU jI nUM ikhw ik mYN ipMf qoN iksy GroN rotI Kw AwvW[ gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik jwh Kw Aw pr iksy qoN mMgIN nw[ mrdwnw clw igAw qy jw ky vxjwirAW dy Gr dy bwhr bYT igAw pr iksy ny aus dI prvwh nw kIqI[ r`b dw Bwxw Aijhw vriqAw ik aus lVky dI mOq ho geI qy swry rox ip`tx lg pey[ lokW ny smiJAw ik aus PkIr nUM rotI nw pu`Cx kr ky b`cy dI mOq hoeI hY[ auh pCqwvw krn vwsqy gurU jI kol Awey[ gurU jI ny aunHW nUM ikhw ienswn ijMny swh nwl lY ky AwauNdw hY Enw smW hI aus ny jIxw huMdw hY[ gurU jI ny aunHW nUM Bwxw mMnx dw aupdyS id`qw: jYsI klm vuVI hY msqik qYsI jIAVY pwis (jo gurU gRMQ swihb ivc phry isrlyK hyT s&w 75 ’qy drj hY)[ ieho ijhIAW keI kwlpink khwxIAW keI ilKwrIAW ny gurU swihb nwl joVIAW hoeIAW hn[

sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ies gurduAwry dw bhuqw ih`sw Fih igAw sI[ hux isr& do kmry hI bcy hn ijnHW ivc ‘XUnIAn kONsl’ dw d&qr bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw lhUVw swihb GivMfI vwlI iemwrq 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

GnOlw

GnOlw ropV qoN 10 iklomItr dUr iek in`kw ijhw ipMf (jo rylvy stySn GnOlI iek iklomItr dUr hY)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI nvMbr 1688 dy dUjy h&qy ivc pwaUNtw qoN c`k nwnkI AwauNdy eyQy ruky sn; auh dobwrw 6 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr nUM vI eyQoN lMGy sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ipMf dI iek purwxI gVHI ’qy gurduAwrw pwqSwhI dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

GnOV j`tW

izlHw sMgrUr dI sunwm qihsIl ivc, sunwm qoN 20 Aqy sMgrUr qoN 25 iklomItr dUr, iek in`kw ijhw ipMf hY[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy grU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies ipMf ivc Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc v`fI nihr dy kMFy iek Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

GnOV j`tW dw gurduAwrw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Gl klW

qihsIl qy izlHw mogw, mogw qoN qkrIbn 8 iklomItr dUr, iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb frolI BweI jWidAW ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU kwl ivc ieh ipMf bhuq Cotw sI; hux qW ie`Qy kwlj Aqy hor sMsQwvW KulH cukIAW hn.

G`l klW dw gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

G`kw kotlI

G`kw qy kotlI do juVvyN ipMf hox kr ky G`kw kotlI AKvwauNdw hY[ ieh izlHw nwrovwl dI qihsIl SkrgVH ivc nwrovwl-S`krgVH mwrg ’qy hY[ guruU hir rwie swihb Awpxy kSmIr dOry dOrwn ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw twhlI swihb’ bxwieAw igAw sI[ gurU jI twhlI dy nyVy byr dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn[ twhlI qW ^qm ho geI hY pr byrI dw dr^q mOjUd hY[ iksy ny ies QW ’qy gurU jI v`loN iek ^rgoS dw auDwr krn dI g`p khwxI vI mShUr kIqI hoeI sI[ ies ipMf ivc BweI &qh cMd pRymI ny gurU jI dI syvw bhuq SrDw nwl kIqI sI[ ies gurduAwry nwl 50 ivGy zmIn sI[ hux ies dI iemwrq Ksqw hwlq ivc hY; ies ’qy iek mhwjr (ri&aUjI) prvwr dw kbzw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gihlW

izlHw sMgrUr dI qihsIl BvwnIgVH ivc (BwvnIgVH qoM 9 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn CItWvwlw qoN Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

gurduAwrw gihlW ipMf

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ghl

brnwlw izlHw dI mihl klW qihsIl ivc (mihl klW qoN 12, brnwlw qoN 24 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf, ij`Qy iek vwr gurU hir rwie swihb Awey sn[ ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

gurduAwrw BgqUAwxw swihb, gihl

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gXw qy bOD gXw

ibhwr dI rwjDwnI ptnw qoN 100 iklomItr dUr, gXw ibhwr dw iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ bOD gXw ies qoN 16 iklomItr dUr hY[ ies dw izkr purwxW, rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq ivc vI AwauNdw hY (mhWBwrq ivc ies dw nW gXw purI iliKAw imldw hY)[ ngr dy iqMn pwsy phwV hn Aqy cOQy pwsy PlgU dirAw hY[ gXw dI AhmIAq mOrIAw kwl ivc (sMn 321 – sMn 187 purwxw kwl) bxI sI[ aus vyly ies dw inzwm pwtlIpuqr (ptnw) qoN huMdw sI[ iPr ibMbswr (ASok dw ipqw) vyly ieh Sihr iek bhuq v`fw smwijk kyNdr bx cukw sI[ buD Drm A^iqAwr krn mgroN mhwrwjw ASok (sMn 272- sMn 232 purwxw kwl) iek vwr ie`Qy (buD gXw ivc) AwieAw qy aus ny buD dw pihlw sQwn bxvwieAw sI[ smuMdr gupq vyly ihMdUAW ny gXw ivc Awpxw mMdr bxwauxw SurU kIqw[sMn 750 ivc pwl ^wndwn dy rwjw gopwl ny bu`D gXw ivc v`fw boDI mMdr bxvwieAw[ 12vIN sdI ivc ZznvI ^wndwn dy b^iqAwr ^ljI ny gXw ‘qy hmlw kIqw[sMn 1557 qoN ieh bwkwiedw muZl swmrwj dw ih`sw bx igAw[

gXw ivc PlgU dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy bixAw mMdr ivSnUpd mMdr ihMdUAW dw iek Aihm mMdr hY[ imQhws mqwibk rwm qy lCmx ny Awpxy bwp dSrQ dw ipMf dwn ies QW ‟qy id`qw sI[ ieh ihMdUAW dIAW sq purIAW ivcoN iek hY.

bOD gXw ivc buD Drm dy cwr v`fy QW (mMdr) hn[ ienHW ivcoN mhWboDI mMdr 50 mItr (160 Pu`t) au¤cw hY[ ies nUM sB qoN pihlW ASok ny bxvwieAw sI[ boD gXw ivc jpwnIAW Aqy ieMfonySIAw vwilAW ny vI Awpxy boD mMdr bxwey hoey hn[ bOD gXw ivc bu`D dw iek bhuq au¤cw buq vI bxwieAw igAw hY[ ieh sMn 1982 ivc bxnw SurU hoieAw sI qy sMn 1989 ivc iqAwr hoieAw sI[ ies nUM 12000 mzdUrW ny iqAwr kIqw sI[ ieh 19.50 mItr (64 Pu`t) aucw hY[ ijs kml dy Pu`l qy buD nUM ibTwieAw igAw hY auh 6 Pu`t aucw hY[

buD gXw ivc boDIAW dw sB qoN au¤cw mMdr

 

mhwqmw buD dw au¤cw buq

 

dr^q, ijs hyT bu`D nUM igAwn hwisl hoieAw sI

 

gXw dw ivSnUpd mMdr

gurU nwnk swihb vI gXw ivc gey sn[ gurU swihb pihlI ivswK dy idn, 27 mwrc 1509 nUM gXw pu`jy sn[ gXw jw ky gurU jI PlgU dirAw dy kMFy ‟qy ruky[ jdoN Awp dyaU Gwt ‟qy bYTy sn qW kuJ pWfy Awp kol Awey Aqy gurU swihb ƒ AwKx lgy ik qusIN vI Awpxy ip`qrW dI mukqI krvw lvo[ gurU swihb ny pWifAW ƒ disAw ik ip`qrW dy „ipMf Brvwaux‟ jW dIvy jgwaux dw krm kWf bymwAnw hYy[ ienswn vwsqy qW r`b dw nW hI dIvw (igAwn) hY Aqy aus dw nW jpxw (aus igAwn nUM Aml ivc ilAwauxw) hI ipMf Brvwauxw hY[ ieM\ gurU swihb ny pWifAW dy mnW dw hnyrw dUr kIqw[ isAwxy pWfy gurU swihb dy is`K bx gey qy aunHW ipMf Brn/Brvwaux dw pwKMf vI bMd kr idqw[

gXw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc “gurduAwrw dyau Gwt” bixAw hoieAw sI[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI eImwrq audwsI prcwrk bwbw Almsq ny bxweI sI; ies kr ky ies gurduAwry ‟qy audwsIAW dw kbzw irhw sI[ mgroN aunHW ny gurduAwrw bMd kr id`qw qy irhwieS bxw leI[ hux auh eImwrq F`T rhI hY[

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI ptnw ivc rihMidAW gXw ivc gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc vI koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ies Sihr ivc rihx vwly is`KW ny iek gurduAwrw zrUr bxwieAw hoieAw hY. PlgU dirAw dI qsvIr (ies dy kMFy ‟qy „dyaU Gwt ‟qy gurU nwnk swihb ny „ipMf Brwaux‟ dy krm kWf dw KMfn kIqw sI)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

grnw swihb

izlHw huiSAwrpur dI qihsIl dsUhw dy ipMf bodl ivc iek gurduAwrw (dsUhw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr ) jo grnw swihb rylvy stySn qoN fyF iklomItr dUr hY[ ie`Qy nyVy dy jMgl ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb iSkwr krn jwieAw krdy sn[ iek vwr gurU jI ies QW ruky sn[ iek mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk cUhV nW dy imrwsI, jo sMgIq dw bhuq SOkIn sI, ny gurU jI nUM kIrqn suxwieAw[ gurU jI ny ^uS ho ky iek rbwb Byt kIqI sI (hrgoibMdpur ivc siqkrqwrIAW dy fyry ’qy peI iek rbwb bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh auhI rbwb hY jo gurU jI ny BweI cUhV nUM b^iSS kIqI sI)[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI iek grny dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn (jo Aj vI mOjUd hY; Swied aus dIAW Sw^wvW qoN auigAw dr^q hY)[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI ny grny dI iek su`kI twhxI g`fI sI jo mgroN dr^q bx geI sI[ lokW ny ies dr^q bwry keI kwlpink khwxIAW GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ gurduAwry ivc lgy iek borf muqwibk gurU jI ie`Qy sMmq 1677 (sMn 1620) Aqy 1685 (sMn 1628) ivc (do vwr) Awey sn.

gurduAwrw grnw swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gVHvwl

gVHvwl ihmwlw phwVW ivc iek pRwcIn irAwsq sI[ mOjUdw auqrwKMf sUby dy hirduAwr, fyhrwdUn, tIhrI-gVHvwl, cmolI, pOVI, rudr pRXwg qy au¤qrkwSI izilHAW dw 10800 mur`bw iklomItr dw ielwkw ies irAwsq ivc Swiml sI[

sMn 1519 qoN 1804 qk sRIngr gVHvwl irAwsq dI rwjDwnI irhw sI (mgroN pRqwpngr, kIrqIngr qy nryNdr ngr vI rwjDwnI rhy sn)[ gVHvwl dw Awzwd irAwsq vjoN mu`F nOvIN sdI ivc b`Jw sI[ aus qoN lY ky sMn 1949 qk ies ‘qy 61 rwjy ies ’qy rwj krdy rhy sn (mwnvyNdr Swh Aw^rI rwjw sI)[ sMn 1757 qoN sMn 1770 qk ies dw kuJ ielwkw njIb-au`d-dOlw Aqy ruhIlw &OjW dy kbzy ivc vI irhw sI[sMn 1803 qoN ApRYl 1815 qk nYpwl dy goriKAW ny ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw kIqI r`iKAw sI, jo AMgryzW dI mdd nwl vwips ilAw igAw sI[ AMgryzW ny ies irAwsq nUM do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw sI[

is`KW nwl ies irAwsq dw vwh rwjw &qh Swh (hkUmq dw smW sMn 1684-sMn 1716) Aqy pRdIp Swh (hkUmq dw smW sMn 1717- sMn 72) dy smyN dorn irhw sI[ AOrMgzyb dIAW hdwieqW hyT ies ny gurU hir rwie dy bwZI pu`qr rwm rwie nUM Kurv`DI (hux fyhrwdUn) dw ielwkw idqw sI[ iPr &qh Swh ny 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn BMgwxI ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ’qy hmlw vI kIqw sI[ pr rwjw pRdIp Swh ny sMn 1710 qoN sMn 1715 qk bMdw isMG bhwdr dw swQ id`qw sI[

ihMdUAW dy mShUr mMdr bdrI nwQ qy kydwr nwQ ies ielwky ivc hn[ ie`QoN dw rwjw bdrI nwQ dy sMrkSk (srpRsq, gwrfIAn) dw drjw rKdw sI[ ies ‘qy Ju`ldw JMfw aus dI irAwsq dy icMnH vwlw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gVHSMkr

huiSAwrpur qoN 48 iklomItr dUr, huiSAwrpru izlHy dI qihsIl qy iek ngr[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ies dw mu`F fof rwjy SMkr shwie ny sMn 1000 ivc bMinHAw sI (hwlW ik ieiqhws ivc ies dw koeI hvwlw nhIN imldw)[ sMn 1844 ivc ies nUM qihsIl bxw id`qw igAw sI[ iqMn l`K qoN kuJ vD AwbwdI vwlw ieh ngr, iksy vyly bbr AkwlI lihr (1921-26) dw kyNdr irhw sI[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc sMn 1969 ivc bbr AkwlI mYmorIAl Kwlsw kwlj bxwieAw igAw sI.

bbr AkwlI mYmorIAl Kwlsw kwlj gVHSMkr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gVHI nzIr

izlHw kYQl dI qihsIl gUhlw ivc, pMjwb hirAwxw srh`d ‘qy (jo A`Dw pMjwb ivc Aqy A`Dw hirAwxw ivc pYNdw hY), pitAwlw qoN 30, kYQl qoN 54, gUhlw qoN 17, smwxw qoN isr& 4 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ijs nUM BIKx ^wn nW dy iek pTwx ny Awbwd kIqw sI[ iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies ipMf ivcoN lMGy sn qW BIKx ^wn ny guru jI dI bVI SrDw nwl syvw kIqI sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw gVHI swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw gVHI swihb dUr dw idRS

gurduAwrw gVHI swihb nyVy dw idRS

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gVHdIvwlw

huiSAwrpur qoN 30 qy dsUhw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr, iek ipMf[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ieh ipMf gVHIAw nW dy j`t ny sMn 1443 ivc vswieAw sI (hwlW ik ieiqhws ivc ies dw koeI hvwlw nhIN imldw)[ mgroN sMn 1812 ivc dyvI dw iek mMdr (dIvwlw) bx igAw qy ies dw nW gVH-dIvwlw bx igAw[ eyQy rwmgVHIAw imsl dy joD isMG ny sMn 1829 ivc iklHw bxwieAw sI jo hux ^qm ho cukw hY[ gVHdIvwlw pMjwb dw iek Aijhw ksbw hY ijs dI A`DI AwbwdI ivdySW ivc jw cukI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgsr gurduAwrw

1. gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc krqwrpur (jlMDr) ivc iek gurduAwrw (ij`Qy gurU jI dw luAwieAw iek KUh hY, ijs nUM lok gMgsr kihx lg pey sn) vyKo: krqwrpur.

2. jYqo ivc grU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw, ij`Qy AKMf pwT ‘KMifq’ hox ’qy sMn 1924 ivc iek morcw l`gw sI. vyKo: jYqo, jYqo morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gMgw dirAw

(pRwikRq/ApBRMS gMgw; sMsikRq gMgw, g|@gw)

Bwrq dw iek mShUr dirAw[ ieh auqrwKMf qoN SurU ho ky au¤qr pRdyS, ibhwr, bMgwl qy bMglw dyS ivcoN lMGdw; Aqy 2510 (iek imxqI muqwibk 2525) iklomItr dw s&r krdw hoieAw smuMdr ivc (bMgwl dI KwVI ivc) jw ifgdw hY[

gMgoqrI glySIAr Aqy sqopMQ glySIAr qoN ielwvw nMdw dyvI, kydwrnwQ Awid qoN br& dy ipGly pwxI nwl ieh dirAw SurU huMdw hY[ ies dI mu`FlI ndI dw nW BgIrQI hY (jo gomuK kol gMgoqrI qoN SurU huMdI hY); dyvpRXwg kol ieh (nMdw dyvI qoN Aw rhI) AlknMdw nwl imldI hY[ AlknMdw nwl A`goN cwr hor ndIAW cwr pRXwgW ’qy imldIAW hn: ivSnUpRXwg (DOlI gMgw nwl sMgm), nMdpRXwg (nMdwiknI nwl sMgm), krxpRXwg (ipMdwr nwl sMgm), dyv pRXwg (BgIrQI nwl sMgm)[ 250 iklomItr dw s&r krn mgroN ieh gMg Kyqr ivc irSIkyS kol dwi^l huMdI hY qy nwl dy ngr hirduAwr ivc ies nUM gMgw dw (Dwrimk) nW imldw hY bMgwl ivc jw ky ies dy do ih`sy ho jWdy hn: 1. huglI, ijs nUM Awid gMgw vI kihMdy hn, jo bMgwl dI KwVI ivc swgr twpU dy nyVy jw ifgdI hY 2. pdmw bMglwdyS ivc myGnw nwl iml jWdI hY Aqy ieh vI bMgwl dI KwVI ivc jw ifgdI hY[

pRwcIn simAW ivc knOj, kMpIilAw, kwrw, pRXwg, kwSI, kwnpur, pwtlIpuqr, hwjIpur, muMgyr, Bwglpur rwjDwnIAW ies dirAw dy kMiFAW ‘qy vsIAW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw irSIkyS, hirduAwr, &rU^wbwd, kwnpur, bksr, plwsI, kolkwqw, rwjSwhI (bMglw dyS) vI ies keI muuK Sihr dy kMiFAW ’qy vsy hoey hn[ gMgw dw imQhws ies nUM iSv dIAW jtW ivcoN inkldw idKwauNdw hY[ ies khwxI muqwibk ihmwlw phwV dI pqnI sumyru dy pyt qoN do DIAW pYdw hoeIAW sn: gMgw qy aumw[ iek vwr iSv ny Awpxw vIrj gMgw dI XonI ivc pwieAw pr auh aus nUM Dwrn nw kr skI qy grB nUM su`t ky bRhmw dy kmMfl ivc jw rhI[ iPr BgIrQ dI bynqI ’qy kmMfl ivcoN inkl ky DrqI ’qy AweI[ iek hor imQhwsk kQw muqwibk ieh rwjw sWqnu dI pqnI sI[ iesy dy pyt qoN BISm (ipqwmw) dw jnm hoieAw sI[ gMgw dirAw dw izkr gurU gRMQ swihb ivc vI AwieAw hY: sRIrMg rwqI iPrY mwqI, audku gMgw vwxI (567), so igrhI gMgw kw nIru (952), gMgw jau godwvir jweIAY, kuMiB jau kydwr n@weIAY, gomqI shs gaU dwnu kIjY (973), gMgw jlu gur goibMd nwm (1137), kbIr, gMgw qIr ju Gru krih pIvih, inrml nIru (1367), sMswir, sPlu gMgw gur drsnu, prsn prm pivqR gqy (1401).

(hor vyKo: hor vyKo: igAwn godVI, hirduAwr).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

glotIAW Kurd

p`CmI pMjb dy izlHw isAwlkot dI qihsIl fskw ivc (isAwlkot qoN 35, gujrWvwlw qoN 19 qy fskw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ksbw (jo sqwrHvIN sdI ivc iek Aihm ipMf sI)[ ieh julwihAW dw ipMf sI qy ie`QoN dIAW sUq dIAW glotIAW bhuq mShUr sn, ijs kr ky ies dw ieh nW ipAw sI[ ie`QoN dw BweI kIrqIAw gurU hirgoibMd jI Aqy gurU hr rwie jI dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ Awpxy kSmIr dOry dOrwn gurU hirgoibMd swihb aus dy Gr gey sn[gurU hr rwie qW dsMbr 1659 qoN &rvrI 1660 qk, iqMn mhIny aus dy Gr rhy sn[ eyQy gurU swihb drbwr sjWdy Aqy sMgqW nUM is`iKAw dyNdy rhy sn[ eyQy dohW gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ hux lokW ny ies nUM jMj Gr bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ iemwrq dI hwlq mwVI hY:

glotIAW Kurd dy gurduAwry dI mOjUdw hwlq

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

g`go bUhw

izlHw qrnqwrn dw iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI iSkwr krn gey iek vwr ruky gey sn[ ijs ip`pl hyT gurU jI bYTy sn, auh (jW aus dIAW Sw^wvW qoN au¤igAw dr^q) Aj vI mOjUd hY[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

gwgw

sMgrUr izlHw dI lihrwgwgw qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (lihrwgwgw qoN 3, sMgrUr qoN 38, sunwm qoN 22 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr gey sn[ swKI muqwibk gurU jI ies ipMf qoN lMG rhy sn qW auh iek Fwb kol ruk gey Aqy aunHW dy nwl jw rhy kuJ is`K GoiVAW vwsqy Gwh k`tx cly gey[ zmIn vwilAW ny aunHW nUM rok id`qw[ ies qy gurU jI auQoN gurnw klW cly gey[ jd zmIn dy mwlkW nUM gurU jI bwry pqw l`gw qW auh gurU jI dy ip`Cy gey qy muAw&I mMgI[ mgroN zmIn vwilAW ny gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw jMfsr’ bxw id`qw[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ijs jMf dy dr^q nwl gurU jI ny GoVw bMinHAw sI, auh (jW aus dIAW Sw^wvW ’coN auigAw) dr^q Aj vI mOjUd hY. (qsvIr dyKo Agly s&y ’qy):

gurduAwrw jMfsr, gwgw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cunwr

auqr pRdyS dy imrzwpur izLHw ivc (cunwr ksby dy nwl, gMgw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy, vwrwnsI qoN 23 iklomItr dUr) iek iklHw[ ies nUM cunwrgVH, cMdrkWqw, crMdrI iliKAw vI imldw hY[ ies nUM sMn 1029 ivc rwjw shwdyE ny bxwieAw sI[sMn 1538 ivc ies ’qy Syr Swh sUrI; sMn 1575 ivc Akbr Aqy sMn 1760 ivc AvD dw nvwb ies ’qy kwbz rhy[sMn 1768 qoN mgroN ies ’qy AMgryzW ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies ’qy kuJ icr cyq isMh (rwjw bnwrs) dw kbzw irhw; pr sMn 1781 ivc AMgryzW ny iPr ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ sMn 1815 qoN ie`Qy SwhI kYdIAW nUM r`Kxw SurU kIqw igAw[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI rwxI ijMdW vI kuJ idn ie`Qy kYd rhI sI[AMgryz aus qoN bhuq frdy sn[ aunHW ny rwxI nUM kYd kr ilAw[ aus nUM 16 meI 1848 dy idn, iek kYdI vjoN, bnwrs iljwieAw igAw sI[ bnwrs iklHy iv`coN vI aus dw rwbqw BweI mhwrwj isMG Aqy cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw nwl bixAw hoieAw sI[ jd ies dw pqw AMgryzW nUM l`igAw qW aunHW ny sikauirtI vDwaux dI bjwey rwxI nUM icnwr dy sB qoN vD mih&Uz iklHy ivc Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ieh g`l mwrc 1849 dy A^Irly idnW dI hY[ jd rwxI nUM ies g`l dw pqw l`gw qW auh rox lg peI qy ies dw f`tvW ivroD kIqw[ jd aus nUM zbrdsqI iljwaux dI DmkI id`qI geI qW mjbUrn aus nUM jwxw ipAw[ aus nUM icnwr phuMcwaux vwsqy iek v`fI &Oj vI nwl ByjI geI[ ies &Oj dI AgvweI myjr mYkgrYgr Awp kr irhw sI[ icnwr phuMc ky myjr mYkgrygr ny rwxI nUM kYptn rIAs dy hvwly kridAW ikhw ik auh rwxI dI Awvwz pCwx lvy Aqy hr roz AMdr jw ky aus dI koTVI ivc aus nUM vyK ky Awvy[ ikauNik rwxI ny prdy ivc hoxw sI, aus nUM aus dI Awvwz qoN pCwixAw jwxw sI[ 5 qoN 15 AprYl 1849 qk kYptn rIAs hr roz rwxI dy kmry ivc jw ky aus dI Awvwz dI Snw^q kr ky aus dI ‘hwzrI’ lwauNdw irhw[ 15 AprYl nUM kYptn ny mihsUs kIqw ik aus dI Awvwz ivc &rk hY[ jd kYptn ny ‘rwxI’ (aus dy kpVy pw ky bYTI syvwdwrnI) qoN Awvwz ivc &rk dw kwrn pu`iCAw qW aus ny ikhw ik mYnUM zukwm hoieAw hY[ kYptn ny ies nUM s`c smJ ilAw qy muV igAw[ drAsl rwxI ijMdW qW 6 AprYl nUM hI iklHy iv`coN inkl cukI sI[ rwxI ijMdw dy inkl cuky hox dw rwz 19 AprYl nUM KuilHAw sI.

cunwr dw iklHw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUnw mMfI

lwhOr Sihr dw iek ielwkw (ij`Qy cUny dI mMfI huMdI sI ij kr ky ieh nW ipAw)[ ies jgh gurU rwm dws jI dy ipqw rihMdy sn; gurU jI dw jnm iesy qW ’qy hoieAw sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ‘gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn gurU rwmdws swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY:

gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn gurU rwmdws (purwnI iemwrq)

 

gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn gurU rwmdws (nvIN iemwrq) 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhVpur

izlHw luiDAwxw dI qihsIl smrwlw ivc (mwCIvwVw qoN 11, smrwlw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU goibMd isMG jI cmkOr qoN inkl ky ie`Qy kuJ pl Awrwm kIqw sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw JwV swihb bixAw hoieAw hY

gurduAwrw JwV swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cUhVkwxw

lwhOr qoN 55, nwnkwxw swihb qoN 35, Sy^Upurw qoN 17 iklomItr dUr izlHw Sy^Upurw ivc iek ipMf jo hux ksbw bx cukw hY (sMn 1961 ivc ie`QoN dI AwbwdI isr& 8600 sI jo hux sMn 2020 ivc 78 hzwr dy krIb hY)[ hux ies dw nvW nW &wrUkwbwd hY, jo 1983 ivc ^lI&w aumr-iebn-Al-K`qwb ijs nUM hzrq muhMmd ny ‘&wrUk’ dw i^qwb id`qw sI dy nW ’qy r`iKAw igAw sI[ ie`Qy do gurduAwry hn: gurduAwrw s`cw sOdw (Krw sOdw) Aqy gurduAwrw scKMf swihb s`cw sOdw qoN iek iklomItr dUr).

hor vyKo: s`cw sOdw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cub`cw/ cOb`cw swihb

ies nW dy Gto-Gt cwr gurduAwry bxy hn[ ieh auh jgh sn ij`Qy GoiVAW nUM pwxI ipAwaux vwsqy cb`cy bxy hoey sn: 1. goieMdvwl ivc gurduAwrw cub`cw swihb (ies jgh gurU Arjn swihb dw jnm hoieAw sI) 2. izlHw qrn qwrn ivc srhwlI dy kol gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw cub`cw swihb[ gurU jI mwqw gMgw nwl ies jgh Awey sn 3. krqwrpur (jlMDr) ivc cub`cw swihb pwiqSwhI CyvIN: ies QW gurU swihb GoiVAW dw dwxw-pwxI r`iKAw krdy sn 4. kIrqpur ivc, SIS mhl dy nyVy, gurU hir rwie swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw cub`cw swihb (ie`Qy gurU jI dy 2200 GoiVAW vwsqy GoiVAW vwsqy Anwj-dwxy dw BMfwr huMdw sI).

gurduAwrw cub`cw swihb kIrqpur swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

colw swihb gurduAwrw

pMjwb ivc ies nW dy iqMn gurduAwry hn:

1. fyrw bwbw nwnk (izlHw gurdwspur)
2. GufwxI klW (izlHw luiDAwxw)
3. colw ipMf (izlHw qrnqwrn)

1. fyrw bwbw nwnk ivc ies gurduAwry dw nW ‘gurduAwrw lMgr mMdr colw swihb’ hY[ ieh mMdr/gurduAwrw bydI pRvwr dI injI mwlkI hY[ ies iemwrq ivc iek purwxw colw ipAw hoieAw hY[ pRbMDkW muqwibk ieh colw gurU nwnk swihb nUM bZdwd dy hwkm ny Byt kIqw sI[ ies au~qy r`b dI mihmw Aqy kurwn dIAW kuJ AwXqW ksIdy nwl k`FIAW hoeIAW hn qy kuJ kFweI vwlIAW mUrqW vI bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ pihlW ieh vI pRcwr huMdw irhw sI ik gurU jI nUM ieh m`ky ivc Byt hoieAw sI[ drAsl ies dw gurU nwnk swihb nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ ieh colw ies pirvwr dw iek pUrvj kwblI m`l bydI 1 mwrc 1828 dy idn bZdwd qoN lY ky AwieAw sI[ ies coly nUM SISy dy bksy ivc r`iKAw hoeAw hY.

gurduAwrw lMgr mMdr colw swihb

2. GufwxI klW (luiDAxw) ivc gurduAwrw colw swihb ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw 52 klIAW vwlw colw hox dw dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY (jo shI nhIN hY) {vyKo: GufwxI klW} 3. AMimRqsr ivc Twkr duAwry dI glI AMdr bRwhmxW dy Gr ivc iek colw ipAw hoieAw hY[ auh ies nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dw dsdy hn 4. nwBw ivc gurduAwrw isropwE swihb ivc iek colw gurU goibMd isMG jI dw d`isAw jWdw hY.

   {vyKo: GufwxI klW}

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cohlw ipMf

srhwlI qoN 5 iklomItr dUr (izlHw qrnqwrn) dw ieh ipMf gurU Arjn swihb nwl sbMDq hY[ ies ipMf dw nW BYxI sI[ jd gurU jI ie`Qy pu`jy qW iek mweI ny cUrI ku`t ky au~pr bhuq swrw m`Kx pw ky iek Qwl gurU jI nMU Byt kIqw[

gurU jI ny ieh vyK ky ikhw ik mweI qUM qW swfy vwsqy colHw iqAwr kr ky lY AweI hYN[ gurU jI dy ienHW bcnW kr ky ipMf dw nW cohlw jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ ie`Qy l`gy iek borf muqwibk gurU Arjn swihb, mwqw gMgw Aqy bwl (gurU) hrgoibMd swihb sMn 1597 ivc srhwlI qoN cl ky ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy do swl qoN vD smW ie`Qy rhy sn (jo Zlq hY)[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw cohlw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy iek ‘gurduAwrw mwqw gMgw jI dw AsQwn’ nW dw vI bixAw hoieAw hY[kdy ies ipMf ivc iek pRmuK is`K BweI AdlI rihMdw sI; iek ‘gurduAwrw BweI AdlI’ dy nW dw vI bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw cohlw swihb

gurduAwrw BweI AdlI 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cohw swihb

gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc do gurduAwry ies nW dy bxy hoey sn: 1. jlwlwbwd (A&Zwinsqwn) ivc, A&Zwinsqwn -kwbl mwrg ’qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw[ sMn 1520 ivc gurU jI m`kw -bZdwd Xwqrw qoN pMjwb muVdy ie`Qy ruky sn (vyKo: jlwlwbwd) 2. pwiksqwn ivc izlHw jyhlm ivc, ijhlm qoN 18 Aqy dInw ipMf qoN 5 iklomItr dUr, gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw iek gurduAwrw[ gurU swihb pMjwb muVdy, it`lw jogIAW qoN huMdy, ie`Qy iek cSmy kol ruky sn (mgroN ieh khwxI mShUr ho geI ik gurU jI ny iek p`Qr cu`k ky ieh cSmw jwrI kIqw sI[ hr vyly vgdy pwxI dy cSmy kr ky ies dw nW ‘cSmw swihb’ kr ky vI jwixAw jWdw hY [ mwqw swihb kOr (gurU goibMd isMG jI dI pqnI) dw jnm AsQwn ies dy nyVy hI hY[ gurduAwrw coAw/cohw swihb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kwl ivc bixAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ieh bMd ipAw sI[ 2 Agsq 2019 dy idn ies nUM sMgqW vwsqy KolH id`qw igAw sI.

rohqws iklHw 

rohqws iklHy dw iek ih`sw 

gurduAwrw cohw swihb (dUr dw idRS) 

cohw swihb (nyVy dw idRS. 2019 qoN pihlW) 

gurduAwrw cohw swihb ivclw cSmw 

rohqws iklHw ies dy nyVy hI hY[ies iklHy nUM Syr Swh sUrI ny bxvwieAw sI[ ies nUM bxwaux vwsqy 8 swl lgy sn[ 4 iklomItr rkby ivc bixAw ieh iklHw hux aujwV ipAw hY[ mgroN cVHq isMG sukrckIAw vI ies iklHy ’qy kwbz irhw sI[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

icqOV/ icqOVgVH

byrwc dirAw dy kMFy ’qy icqOV dw iklHw qvwrI^ dy bhuq kImqI qbrkwq sMBwlI bYTw hY[ ieh id`lI qoN 583 Aqy Ajmyr qoN 233 iklomItr dUr hY[

ieh qkrIbn 700 eykV (2.8 mur`bw iklomItr) ivc PYilAw hoieAw hY[ ieh 180 mItr (590 Pu`t) au~cI phwVI, jo 2 iklomItr lMmI qy 155 mItr cOVI hY, ’qy bixAw hoieAw hY[

ies dw pihlw nW icqrkUt sI[ ies nUM prmwr rwjpUq rwjw icqrWg ny sqvIN sdI ivc bxwieAw sI[ qkrIbn iek sO swl mgroN sMn 734 ivc b`pw rwvl ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ky Aqy ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI[sMn 1303 ivc jd AlwaudIn iKljI ny rwxI pdmnI nUM hwisl kr vwsqy ies ’qy hmlw kIqw sI, qW rwxI sqI ho geI sI[

sMn 1326 ivc rwjpUqW ny ies ’qy dobwrw kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rwxw kuMBw (sMn 1433-68) ieQoN dw bhuq qwkqvwr rwjw hoieAw hY[ aus ny sMn 1440 ivc muslmwnW ’qy ij`q dI Xwd ivc 122 Put (37.2 mItr) aucw 157 pOVIAW vwlw, ivjY sqMB (mInwr) bxwieAw sI, jo A`j vI Swn nwl KVHw hY[

ies iklHy ivc iek hor 80 Pu`t (22 mItr) au~cw kIrqI sqMB vI hY, ijhVw jYn Drm dI Xwdgwr hY; ies dy nwl hI purwxw AwdI nwQ dw jYn mMdr vI hY[

sMn 1568 ivc Akbr ny, bVI v`fI muihMm Aqy keI mhIinAW dy Gyry mgroN, A^Ir ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies lVweI ivc rwxw audY isMh z^mI ho ky B`j igAw[ aus dy jwx ip`CoN jYml Aqy P`qw idlo jwn nwl lVy Aqy jwn kurbwn kIqI[ ies iklHy ivc bhuq purwxy mMdr mOjUd hn[ ies iklHy ivc hor vI mMdr kwiem hn, ijnHW ivcoN iek 8vIN sdI dw sUrj dyvqy dw mMdr vI hY; mgroN rwjpUqW v`loN ies nUM BvwnI dw mMdr qy iPr ies nUM kwilkw mwqw dw mMdr bxw ilAw igAw sI[

icqOV iklHw (dUr dw idRS) :

icqOV iklHy ivc kIrqI sqMB qy jYn mMdr :

gurU nwnk swihb ies ngr ivc sMn 1512 ivc Awey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW ny jYn swDUAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI[ hux au~Qy gurU jI dy Awaux dI Xwd ivc koeI inSwnI nhIN hY[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI ie`Qy sMn 1708 ivc Awey sn[ 2 ApRYl 1708 dy idn ies iklHy ivc dwi^lw hox qoN rokx ’qy pwilq zorwvr isMG qy aus dy 40 swQI mwry gey sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ictwgWg

bMglw dyS dw iek pRwcIn ngr (krnPu`lI dirAw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr ), jo Fwkw qoN qkrIbn 240 iklomItr dUr hY[

BweI bwlw dI jnmswKI dI iek swKI muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn 1510 ivc ictwgWg ivcoN lMGy sn[ swKI muqwibk ie`QoN dw rwjw suDr sYn, aus dw BqIjw ieMdr sYn Aqy JMfw bwfI (iek qrKwx) gurU jI dy is`K bxy sn[ bwlw jnmswKI ivc iqMn swKIAW hn ijnHW ivc suDr sYn, ieMdr sYn Aqy mDrbYn dw izkr hY[ pr, ieh kwlpink g`l hY[ 1510 ivc jd gurU nwnk swihb ies ielwky ivcoN lMGy sn qW ie`Qy muslmwnW dw rwj kwiem hoey nUM qkrIbn fyF sO swl ho cuky sn[ pr, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU jI ictwgWg gey zrUr sn[

ictwgWg ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc cOk bwzwr ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI pihlI iemwrq 1740-50 ivc mohn isMG (ictwgWg dy nvwb AlI vrdI ^wn dw dIvwn) ny bxvweI sI[ hux gurduAwry dw ieMqzwm iek kmytI krdI hY, ijs dw cyArmYn izlHw j`j huMdw hY.

gurduAwrw ictwgWg

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cyqnm`T

kwSI (vwrwnsI) ivc inrmilAW dw fyrw ij`QoN bRwhmxW qoN ividAw hwisl kr ky sUrq isMG (ipqw igAwnI sMq isMG) qy hor inrmly pMjwb ivc Aw ky drbwr swihb Aqy hor gurduAwirAW ’qy kwbz ho gey sn[ mgroN ienHW ny ieh pRcwr kIqw sI ik gurU goibMd isMG jI ny cwr is`K ie`Qy sMsikRq ividAw hwisl krn vwsqy Byjy sn[ ieh JUTw pRcwr kuJ icr cldw irhw; mgroN pqw l`gw ik ikRpw rwm d`q, caupiq rwie vrgy sMsikRq dy ivdvwn qW AnMdpur ivc pihlW hI mOjUd sn qy ienHW ny hI gurU gibMd isMG jI qy hor is`KW nUM sMsikRq pVHweI sI[ ies kr ky gurU jI v`loN cwr is`KW nUM sMsikRq pVHn vwsqy kwSI Byjx vwlI g`l g`p hY, Aqy ieh inrmilAW ny GVI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cyilAWvwlw

mMfI bhwaudIn izlHy ivc (mMfI bhwaudIn qoN 22 Aqy KwrIAW qoN 80 iklomItr dUr), ijhlm dirAw dy nyVy iek ipMf[ bhuqIAW AMgryzI ikqwbW ivc ies dw nW icilAwvwlw iliKAw imldw hY[ ies QW ’qy 13 jnvrI 1849 dy idn AMgryzI &OjW Aqy cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw qy aus dy pu`qr Syr isMG dI AgvweI hyT is`K &OjW ivc zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI[

is`K &OjI ies lVweI ivc jIA-jwn nwl lVy sn[ aunHW dy idlW ivc pMjwb ’qy AMgryzI kbzy dy i^lw& roh PYl cukw sI[ auh AMgryzW nUM qwry idKwauxw cwhuMdy sI[ auDr AMgryz &OjIAW nUM mudkI Aqy &IrozSwh dIAW lVweIAW dw BulyKw sI pr aunHW nUM ieh nhIN sI pqw ik ies lVweI ivc lwl isMh, kn`eIAw lwl, AXuiDAw pRswd qy Amr nwQ vrgy Zdwr AgvweI nhIN sn kr rhy blik ieh SyrW dI &Oj sI, jo jzbwq dI CW hyT jUJ rhI sI[

ies lVweI ivc AMgryzI &Oj burI qrHW qbwh ho geI[ ies lVweI ivc 2512 &OjI (757 mry, 1651 z^mI, 104 lwpqw; mwry igAW ivcoN 1000 dy krIb AMgryz sn; ienHW ivcoN 132 A&sr sn) qy AMgryzW ny cwr qopW vI guAw leIAW[ 24vIN pYdl rjMmt dy qW 50% &OjI (590) mwry gey sn[ is`K &OjIAW ivcoN mrn vwilAW dI igxqI 4000 dy krIb sI[

ies jMg bwry klk`qw rIvIaU (1849) ny iliKAw ik ies sb-kMtInYNt (swaUQ eySIAw) ivc brqwnIAW dIAW lVweIAW ivcoN cyilAWvwlw sB qoN vD qbwhkuMn sI[

gir&n ies nUM “A&Zwinsqwn ivc brqwnvI &OjW dy kqlyAwm vWg ^O&nwk” dsdw hY[ AYfivn Awrnlf ny ies lVweI bwry ikhw sI ik “jy is`K AijhI iek hor lVweI ij`q jWdy qW brqwnIAW dI hkUmq nw isr& pMjwb coN hI ^qm ho jwxI sI blik aunHW nUM Bwrq ivcoN vI k`F id`qw jwxw sI[”

jrnYl QYkivl ilKdw hY ik “myrw i^Awl hY ik ies G`lUGwry ivcoN myrw iek vI ispwhI nhIN sI bicAw[… iek-iek is`K swfy iqMn-iqMn ispwhIAW nUM mwrn dy kwibl sI[…brqwnvI &Oj is`K &OjIAW qoN eynI ^O&zdw sI ik auh mYdwn iv`coN ieM\ B`j gey sn ijvyN ByfW AwpxI jwn bcwaux vwsqy BjdIAW hn[”

ies lVweI ny AMgryzW ivc eynw ^O& pYdw kIqw ik brqwnvI pwrlImYNt ivc vI ies dw mwqm mnwieAw igAw[ ies mOky ’qy, 80 swl dy, ifaUk Aw& vYilMgfn

(ijs ny vwtrlU dI lVweI ivc nYpolIAn nUM hrwieAw sI) ny pMjwb jw ky is`KW dy i^lw& jMg ivc ih`sw lYx dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw[

cyilAWvwlw dI jMg dw ieMglYNf ivc eynw rMj qy mwqm hoieAw ik jwrj mYryifQ vrgy mMny-prmMny Swier dI klm ny vI iek drd-BrI mwqmI nzm ilKI sI:

icilAWvwlw! icilAW vwlw!!
iek hnyrw audws ipMf
ijs nUM duSmx ny GyirAw hoieAw hY[
srd pwxIAW dy dUjy pwr
auh ip`Cy htx nUM iqAwr hY,
qdoN kql qy G`lUGwrw
aus dI hwr dy ievz ivc imlxy sn[
icilAWvwlw! icilAW vwlw!!
JwVIAW vwly jMgl nwl iGirAw mYdwny jMg
ijs dI zmIn ’qy lhU dI cwdr ivCI hoeI hY
ieh mOq dy prvwinAW dI &Oj
^O&nwk mukwbilAW ivc
(ij`q dy) Brm dI grj nwl dbI hoeI jUJdI hY[
icilAWvwlw! icilAW vwlw!!
iek mINh BrI rwq ivc mwry jw cuky &OjIAW,
z^mIAW qy mr rihAW dI sWJI qkdIr
qy jdoN aunHW dy swQI byshwry Asmwn dI C`q hyT
if`gy pey sn[
icilAWvwlw! icilAW vwlw!!

(mYryifQ dI nzm dw pMjwbI ivc ieh qrjmw myrw Awpxw hY: fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ies lVweI ivc hoeI hwr bdly jnrl g`& nUM htw ky sr cwrls nYpIAr nUM AMgryzI &OjW dw kmWfr-ien-cI& bxw id`qw igAw sI[ AMgryzW ny ies lVweI dw iek mYmorIAl vI bxwieAw sI, jo A`j vI kwiem hY:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cIkw

kYQl qoN 30 Aqy pitAwlw qoN 37 iklomItr dUr, hirAwxw dy kYQl izLHy dI gUhlw qihsIl dw, gUhlw dy nwl lgdw, qkrIbn 40 hzwr dI AwbwdI vwlw, iek ipMf (jo hux ksbw bx cukw hY), ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ dohW gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc iek Swndwr gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[

ijs QW ieh gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY auh BweI glOrw (jo hWsI qy ihswr dw msMd sI) dw Gr sI[ BweI glOrw dw prvwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN qoN is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb (gorKm`qw qoN Almsq dw sunyhw Awaux ’qy) frolI BweI qoN gorKmqw (hux nwnk mqw) jWidAW ie`Qy ruky sn[ BweI glOrw dy ipqw ny aunHW dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ mgroN gurU jI ny BweI glOrw nUM hWsI Aqy ihswr dy ielwky ivc is`KI pRcwr dI syvw sONpI id`qI sI[ 1665 ivc mwlvw qoN jINd-Dmqwn dOry dOrwn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iek vwr ies dy Gr vI gey sn Aqy ies nUM qIrW dw BirAw iek qrkS b^iSS kIqw sI[ iek pRclq khwxI muqwibk nvMbr 1675 dy pihly idnW ivc gurU jI nUM b`sI pTwxW jylH qoN cIkw dy rsqy id`lI iljwieAw jw irhw sI qW ies ny gurU jI dy nwl jwxw dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI sI, pr gurU jI ny aus nUM vwips Byj id`qw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cwvlI mSwiek

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw ivhwrI dI qihsIl bUryvwlw ivc, bUryvwlw-swhokI mwrg ‘qy (bUryvwlw qoN 17 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ ies nUM c`k 317 bI, c`k dIvwn swihb cwvlI mSwiek, c`k hwjI Syr vI kihMdy hn[ ies ipMf ivc dIvwn hwjI Syr muhMmd dw mzwr hY[ aus dw Asl nW mhW cwvr sI[ auh cUnIAW dy rwjw mhIpwl dw pu`qr sI[ aus dI mOq sMn 730 ivc hoeI sI[ ies ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI mulqwn PyrI vyly gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘qpAsQwn gurU nwnk swihb’ gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dy nyVy bwbw &rId dw KUh vI hY

(iek imQhwsk khwxI muqwibk bwbw &rId ny ies KUh ivc ltk ky 12 swl qp kIqw sI)[ ij`Qy bhuq swry gurdUAwirAW ’qy lokW ny kbzw kr ilAw sI jW F`T gey sn, au~Qy ieh gurduAwrw A`j vI kwiem hY.

gurduAwrw qpAsQwn:

 

KUh bwbw &rId :

 

mzwr dIvwn hwjI Syr muhMmd:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cOqrw swihb

izlHw &rIdkot ivc (jYqo qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) ipMf m`lHw ivc gurU hrgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw[ ies ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI bIbI vIro BweI swDU Kosw nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy Awey sn[ ies gurduAwry nwl gurU hirgoibMd swihb v`loN iek s`pxI dw auDwr krn dI kwlpink khwxI vI joVI hoeI hY.

gurduAwrw cONqrw swihb :

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cONqw swihb bbylI

kpUrQlw izlHy dI PgvwVw qihsIl dy ies ipMf (PgvwVw qoN 11 iklomItr dUr) ivc gurU hir rwey swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw cONqw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU jI kIrqpur Aqy krqwrpur dy s&r dorwn iek vwr ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ ies QW ’qy 1 sqMbr 1923 dy idn, AnUp isMG mwxko dI ZdwrI kwrn, cwr bbr AkwlI (krm isMG dOlqpur, ibSn isMG, mihMdr isMG pMforI gMgw isMG, audY isMG rwmgVH JuMgIAW) 1400 dI igxqI ivc AweI brqwnvI &Oj Aqy pulIs ny ShId kIqy sn (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: krm isMG bbr).

gurduAwrw cONqw swihb, bbylI :

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

c`kr

jgrwauN qoN 21 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf, ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb (lopoky qoN) qy gurU goibMd isMG (lMmy ipMf qoN) Awey sn[ aunHW jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry dy nW kr ky ipMf dw nW gurUsr vjoN vI jwixAw jWdw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

c`k gurU

nvWSihr izlHw ivc (nvWSihr Aqy gVHSMkr qoN 9 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf c`k gurU, ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurpRqwp bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry vwsqy zmIn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny id`qI sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

cYl ngr

ihmWcl pRdyS ivc, iSmlw qoN 27, soln qoN 28 Aqy kwlkw qoN 86 iklomItr dUr, 7380 Pu`t dI aucweI qy iek Cotw ijhw ngr, ij`Qy dunIAw dw sB qoN au~cw (smuMdrI ql qoN 8018 Pu`t aucweI ’qy) ikRkt styfIAm bixAw hoieAw hY[

ies ngr dy vswey jwx dw ipCokV ieh hY ik sMn 1891 ivc pitAwlw dy mhwrwjw rwjyNdr isMG dw lwrf ikcnr nwl bol-bulwrw ho igAw, ijs qoN Zu`sy ivc Aw ky rwjyNdr isMG ny ieh ngr vswieAw sI[ aus ny cYl ivc iek gurduAwrw vI bxvwieAw sI jo p`CmI iemwrqW dI qrz hY[ sMn 1948 ivc mhwrwjw XwdivMdr isMG ny cYl ngr ivclIAW bhuqIAW iemwrqW Bwrq srkwr nUM dy id`qIAW sn.

cYl gurduAwrw (purwxI qsvIr) :

 

cYl gurduAwrw (nvIN qsvIr) :

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kotkpUrw

 

izlHw &rIdkot ivc, biTMfw qoN 50, mogw qoN 40 qy mukqsr qoN 30 iklomItr dUr iek ngr[ ieh ngr B`lx dy BqIjy cODrI kpUrw (mgroN  BweI kpUr isMG) ny 1661 ivc bMinHAw sI (vyKo: kpUr isMG)[ auh 84 ipMfW dw mwlk sI[ dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU goibMd isMG eyQy Awey sn[ kpUr isMG ny ies QW nUM sur`iKAq nw smJdy hoey gurU jI nUM AwpxI BYx kpUro (jo BweI f`lw nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI) kol qlvMfI swbo Byj id`qw sI[ ngr ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw pwqSwhI dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY qy dUjw ngr qoN bwhr (kotkpUrw jYqo mwrg ’qy) gurU dI Fwb bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

kotkpUrw dw gurduAwrw

kotkprw dy iklHy dI iek purwxI qsvIr

 

 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 

 

 

 

 

koTw swihb gurduAwrw 922 s&w koS myrw v`lw (AMimRqsr) 1664 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy kuJ smW rhy sn[ ieh mweI hro dw k`cw koTw sI[

hor vyKo: v`lw.

 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 

 

 

 

 

kot BweI 

 ig`dVbwhw qoN 7 ikloomItr dUr, izlHw &rIdkot ivc iek ipMf ijhVw BweI BgqU nwl sbMDq igixAw jWdw hY[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies ipMf Awey sn[ ipMf dy do bwxIAW rMgI qy GuMmI ny gurU jI dI bVy ipAwr nwl syvw kIqI sI qy KMfy dI pwhul vI hwisl kIqI[ ipMf ivc do gurduAwry bxy hoey hn.

 

 (fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 

 

 

 

 

klmot

 inrmohgVH ’qy Ajmyr cMd dy (8 qoN 14 AkqUbr 1700 ivckwr) lgwqwr hmilAW kwrn gurU goibMd isMG jI 15 AkqUbr dy idn rwjw slwhI cMd dI irAwsq bswlI (inrmohgVH Aqy kIrqpur qoN qkrIbn 15 iklomItr Aqy nUrpur bydI qoN qkrIbn 6 iklomItr dUr) nUM cly gey[

bswlI rihMidAW gurU jI 20 AkqUbr dy idn iSkwr Kyfx vwsqy nyVy dIAW phwVIAW ivc gey; ies dOrwn iek biGAwV dw ip`Cw krdy Awp bswlI qoN 24 iklomItr dUr KyVw klmot ipMf dIAW phwVIAW ivc Aw pu`jy[ eyQy klmot dy rMGVW Aqy gu`jrW ny is`KW qy hmlw kr id`qw ijs dOrwn BweI jIvn isMG (pu`qr BweI pRymw, poqw BweI mUlw, Xwin irSqy ivc auh BweI mnI isMG dw cwcw lgdw sI) mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny klmotIAW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ jd aunHW dy bhuq bMdy mwry gey qW rMGVW Aqy gu`jrW ny gurU jI qoN muAw&I mMgI qy KlwsI pweI[ies mgroN is`K BweI jIvn isMG dI lwS lY ky bswlI ipMf Awey Aqy 21 AkqUbr ƒ aus dw sskwr kr id`qw [ BweI jIvn isMG sbMDI B`t vhI qlauNFw ivc hyT iliKAw izkr imldw hY:“

jIvn isMG bytw pRymy kw, poqw mUly kw…. puAwr jlHwnw swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kwrqk pRivSty aunIs, rvIvwr ky idhuM, klmot ky mlHwn pRgxw bswlI swmHy mwQy jUJ kr suAws dIey[ Awgy gurU kI giq gurU jwny, gurU Awp Bwxy kw ^wibMd[ gurU gurU jpnw[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd, Kwqw jlHwnoN kw).

gurduAwrw klmot ipMf

 

 

 (fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 

 krqwrpur (pwiksqwn)

 krqwrpur ipMf pwiksqwn ivc izlHw nwrovwl dI S`krgVH qihsIl dy Qwxw kjrUV ivc, rwvI dirAw ivcoN inkldI byeIN ndI dy kMFy ’qy hY (fyrw bwbw nwnk rwvI dirAw dy pUrbI pwsy v`l hY)[ ieh lwhOr qoN 120 iklomItr, nwnkwxw swihb qoN 180 iklomItr, AMimRqsr qoN qkrIbn 60 iklomItr Aqy btwlw qoN 37 iklomItr dUr hY[ ipMf krqwrpur gurU nwnk swihb ny 1522 ivc bMinHAw sI[ irvwieq muqwibk audoN iek is`K BweI dunI cMd kroVIAw (pu`qr BweI jvwhr m`l) ny eyQy sMgqW vwsqy srW vI bxweI sI[ gurU AMgd swihb ƒ gurg`dI iesy ipMf ivc imlI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny AwpxI aumr dy Aw^rI 17 swl eyQy hI ibqwey sn[

     dirAw dy kMFy ’qy hox kr ky ieh ipMf keI vwr KuirAw hY[ 1870 ivc qW Aijhw ho igAw sI ik gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc bxwieAw gurduAwrw vI dirAw dI h`d ivc Aw jwx dy Awswr bx gey sn[ 1920 qoN 1929 dOrwn sMgqW ny sIimMt qy p`QrW dw iek bMnH bxw ky gurduAwry ƒ dirAw dI mwr qoN bcwieAw[ ies kMm vwsqy swrw ^rc (audoN dy 1 l`K 35 hzwr 600 rupY) pitAwlw dy rwjy BUipMdr isMG ny id`qy sn (ies sbMDI iek isl au~Qy lgI hoeI hY):

 

     ies gurduAwry dy nW ’qy 1371 knwl 7 mrly zmIn hY[ 1947 qoN 2000 qk ieh gurduAwrw pbilk vwsqy nhIN KulHdw sI ikauNik ieh Bwrq-pwik srh`d ’qy (isr& iqMn iklomItr dUr) hox kr ky &OjI p`K qoN Aihm pujISn r`Kdw hY[ auN\ vI ieh kw&I Ksqw hwlq ivc sI Aqy ies dI syvw-sMBwl nhIN huMdI  sI[pwiksqwn AOkw& borf ny 1995 ivc qy iPr 2004 ivc ies dI murMmq krvweI sI[ hux ie`Qy iek bhuq Swndwr iemwrq auswrI jw cukI hY[ kdy krqwrpur Aqy fyrw bwbw nwnk ivckwr rwvI dirAw ’qy iek p`kw pu`l huMdw sI, ijs nUM &Oj ny pwiksqwnI &Oj dy BwrqI ielwky ivc dwi^l hox qoN rokx vwsqy qoV id`qw sI[ dsMbr 2018 ivc krqwrpur dy drSnW vwsqy lWGw bxwaux vwsqy dohW milkW v`loN kwrvweI SurU ho geI sI, jo nvMbr 209 qk pUrI ho cukI hY[

     krqwrpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy sskwr mgroN aunHW dy pu`qr sRIcMd ny aunHW dI Xwd ’c smwD bxw id`qI sI[ hwlW ik is`K Drm ’c ies dI iejwzq nhIN qy gurU jI ny Awp vI ies qoN roikAw sI[ kuJ icr bwAd ies smwD ƒ dirAw roVH ky lY igAw[ ies mgroN sRIcMd ny dirAw dy dUjy pwsy, qkrIbn 4 iklomItr dUr iek smwD bxw leI[ (vyKo: fyrw bwbw nwnk).

 

krqwrpur dw gurduAwrw (1947 qoN mgroN dI qsvIr)

 

krqwrpur dw gurduAwrw bwhrI idRS

 

 

AMdr gurU nwnk swihb dy mzwr dy nW ’qy bxwieAw FWcw, jo mnmiq hY

 

krqwrpur dw hvweI jhwz qoN idRS

 

 

krqwrpur qy fyrw bwbw nwnk ivckwr rwvI dirAw ’qy pul (bxn vyly)
 

 

krqwrpur kw`rI for bxn vyly Bwrq srkwr v`loN ‘BUmI pUjx’ dI rsm kr ky gurU nwnk swihb dI qOhIn kIqI geI (22 jUn 2019)

 

 

 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

 

kurUkSyqr

hirAwxw sUby ivc AMbwlw qoN qkrIbn 40 iklomItr dUr iek ngr jo kurU Aqy pMcwl dySW (kOrvW qy pWfvW) ivckwr hoeI lVweI kr ky jwixAw jWdw hY[ ieh lVweI 900 qoN 950 purwxw kwl ivckwr, Xwin qkrIbn 3000 swl pihlW hoeI sI)[

imQhws ivc ies ielwky nUM bRhmw nwl nwl vI sbMDq kIqw jWdw hY[ aus ny ies jgh iek X`g kIqw sI[ viSSt qy ivSvwimqr nUM ie`Qy hI igAwn hwisl hoieAw sI[ rwjw kurU qoN pihlW ies nUM bRhmw dI au~qrvydI ikhw jWdw sI[ bRhmsr srovr nUM vI ausy dy nwl sbMDq kIqw jWdw hY[

iek hor imQhwsk khwxI muqwibk jd ivSnU ny mDukYtB dYNq mwry qW aunHW dI imJ swry pwxI ’qy PYl geI sI, pr ikauuNik 48 koh ivc ivSnUM dI cOkVI l`gI hoeI sI, ies kr ky ies QW (kurUkSyqr) ivc imJ nhIN sI Aw skI[

ies Kyqr ivc 300 qoN vD ihMdU qIrQ bxy hoey hn ijnHW ivcoN muK ieh hn: QwnySvr, cMdrkUp, kwlIBdr mMdr, bwxgMgw, rqnXg, kubyr qIrQ, diDcIqIrQ, sUrjkuMf, somqIrQ, ivSnUpd, joqIsr Awid[ pRwcIn kwl ivc ies QW ’qy sq jMgl qy sq ndIAW sn sn, jo hux mOjUd nhIN hn[ XUnwn dy qwrI^dwn mYgsQnIz (350-290 purwxw kwl) Aqy ihaUnsWg (640-45) ny ies ielwky dw izkr kIqw hY[ CyvIN sdI ivc (580 qoN 605 qk) ies QW boDI rwjy hrSvrDn rwjy dI hkUmq sI[ aus dy smyN ies ielwky ny bhuq qr`kI kIqI sI.

kurUkSyqr Aqy is`K gurU swihbwn:

kurUkSyqr ivc gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc s`q gurduAwry bxy hoey hn: 1. isDbtI gurduAwrw (jo bRhm srovr dy ipCly pwsy hY): ies QW ’qy hI gurU nwnk swihb ny pWifAW nUM ‘mwsu mwsu kir mUrKu JgVih…’ dw aupdyS id`qw sI 2. ^wkrobW muh`lw kol gurU Amr dws swihb, gurU hir rwie swihb Aqy gurU hirikSn swihb (iqMn gurU swihbwn) dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw 3. Sy^iclI dy mkbry kol gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw 4. krx dy Qyh kol gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw 5. muh`lw sudwgrW ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw 6. joqIsr: gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw 7. sMinihq srovr dy nwl lgdw gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw.

isDbtI gurduAwrw

iqMn gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

sMinihq srovr dy kol gurduAwrw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kuMjpurw

izlHw krnwl (hirAwxw) dw iek pRwcIn ngr (krnwl qoN 13 iklomItr)[ sIhrMd (hux srhMd) dw &Ojdwr AsgrI ^wn (jo vzIr ^wn vjoN mShUr hY) ies ngr dw sI[

1710 dy SurU ivc jd bMdw isMG bhwdr srhMd ’qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI kr irhw sI qW aunHIN idnIN vzIr ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd) dw iek jwsUs is`K &OjW dI sUh lYNdw PiVAw igAw[ is`KW ny aus ƒ mwrn dI QW aus dy h`Q vzIr ^wn ƒ pYZwm ByijAw ik “AsIN hux srhMd ’qy hmlw krnw hY, aus ƒ kho iqAwrI kr lvy[” is`KW ny ieh vI ikhw sI ik ies qoN pihlW aus dy j`dI ipMf kuMjpurw ’qy vI kbzw krWgy[

ies dOrwn jdoN is`KW ny Tskw dw iklHw ij`q ilAw qW vzIr Kwn ƒ XkIn Aw igAw sI ik hux is`K aus dy ipMf kMujpurw ’qy zrUr hmlw krngy[ ieh soc ky aus ny do hzwr GoVsvwr, cwr hzwr pYdl &Oj Aqy do v`fIAW qopW, kMujpurw dI ih&wzq vwsqy rvwnw kr idqIAW[ pr, ies qoN pihlW ik vzIr ^wn dI &Oj phMuc skdI is`KW ny kMujpurw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ jd vzIr ^wn dI &Oj au~Qy pu`jI qW is`KW &OjW ny iek-dm hmlw kr ky sYNkVy hmlwvr &OjI mwr mukwey[ mwr Kwx mgroN pTwx Aqy muZl &OjW B`j geIAW[ ies nwl do qopW qoN ielwvw hor vI bVw Aslw is`KW dy h`Q AwieAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ku`lU

mMfI qoN 69, BuMqr qoN 10, mnIkrx qoN 43 Aqy mnwlI qoN 42 iklomItr dUr iek pRwcIn ngr[ ieh ihmWcl dI purwxy vyilAW dI iek irAwsq sI[ ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ’qy vsy hoey ies ngr ivc kdy boDIAW dy 20 m`T sn[ mhwrwjw ASok dw sqMB ie`Qy mOjUd sI, ijs nUM muZl cu`k ky lY gey sn qy id`lI ivc &Iroz Swh kotlw dy mYdwn ivc r`K id`qw sI[ ie`Qy bhuq smW pwl ^wndwn dI hkUmq rhI sI[ aunHW dy 85 rwijAW ny ie`Qy pihlI sdI qoN 1500 swl hkUmq kIqI sI[ sMn 1500 dy duAwly ie`QoN dy rwijAW ny Awpxy nW nwl ‘isMh’ Sbd lwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[

1711 ivc ies irAwsq ny bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ADIngI kbUl kr leI sI[ ies mgroN ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy mwqihq rhy sn[ 1846 ivc AMgryzW ny ku`lU ivc SwhI hkUmq dw ^wqmw kr id`qw qy ie`QoN dy hwkm nUM ‘rwey’ dw drjw dy id`qw[ ies dy bwvjUd lok SwhI ^wndwn nUM rwjy dw hI drjw dyNdy hn (ieh SwhI prvwr rGUnwQ pur ivc rihMdw hY ijhVw ik 1660 qoN ienHW dI rwjDwnI sI[ ie`QoN dw muK mMdr rGUnwQ mMdr SwhI ^wndwn dI jwiedwd dw ih`sw hY[ hux ieh mMdrW dw Sihr AKvwauNdw hY[ ie`QoN dw dusihrw dunIAW Br ivc mShUr hY[ies mOky ‘qy ku`lU ielwky qkrIbn 300 dyvI dyviqAW dIAW pwlkIAW ies ivc sjweIAW jWdIAW hn[

1710 dy A^Ir ivc bMdw isMG bhwdr ny lohgVH qoN phwVI irAwsqW vl kUc kr id`qw[ jd auh mMfI irAwsq ivc pu`jw qW auQoN dy rwjy ny aus dw Swndwr suAwgq kIqw[ ie`QoN dw SwhI prvwr gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN qoN hI is`KI nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ mMfI qoN bwAd bMdw isMG ku`lU v`l clw igAw[

ku`lU sbMDI is`K ieiqhws ivc iek g`p khwxI vI pRclq hY[ igAwnI igAwn isMG muqwibk, ie`QoN dy rwjy mwn isMh ny bMdw isMG nUM DoKy nwl ‘kYd’ kr ilAw qy iek v`fy ipMjry ivc bMd kr id`qw qW jo aus nUM bhwdr Swh kol pyS kr ky aus qoN v`fw eInwm hwisl kIqw jwvy[

ies kYd iv`coN bMdw isMG ikvyN inkilAw ies bwry v`K-v`K do vyrvy imldy hn: (1) bMdw isMG nUM irhw krvwaux vwsqy mMfI dy rwjy ny AwpxI &Oj ku`lU rvwnw kr id`qI sI pr ies &Oj dy phuMcx qoN pihlW hI is`K &OjW ny bMdw isMG nUM kYd iv`coN irhw krvw ilAw sI (2) dUjy ivcwr muqwibk bMdw isMG nUM aus dy swQI irhw krvw ky mMfI lY gey sn[ ies bwry iek kQw ieh vI ilKI jWdI hY ik ku`lU dy rwjy ny bMdw isMG nUM ipMjry ivc pw ilAw sI qy bMdw isMG Awpxy jwdU nwl au~QoN ipMjry sxy auf ky mMfI phuMc igAw sI[

ieho ijhIAW jwdU khwxIAW audoN vI crcw ivc rihMdIAW huMdIAW sn[ bMdw isMG dI igR&qwrI dI ies khwxI dI qsdIk &wrsI soimAW qy SwhI jW iksy vI irkwrf qoN nhIN huMdI[ jy ieh Gtnw hoeI huMdI qW muZl drbwr ivc ies dw izkr zrUr hoieAw hoxw sI[ A^bwrwqy-drbwry-muA`lw dy irkwrf jW koeI hor somw ies bwry zrw mwsw vI ieSwrw nhIN krdw[ ieh khwxI XkInn igAwnI igAwn isMG v`loN GVIAW geIAW drjnW hor g`pW vWg iek g`p hI hY.

ku`lU dw sqwrHvIN sdI dw rGUnwQ mMdr

 

ku`lU dy dusihry dw iek idRS

 

ku`lU dw mukwmI gurduAwrw isMG sBw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kotlw inhMg ^wn

ropV qoN qkrIbn 2 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf[ ies jgh Sms ^wn (pu`qr sulqwn ^wn, poqw Swh sulymwn ^wn) nW dy iek pTwx dw iklHw sI; hOlI-hOlI aus dy duAwly AwbwdI ho geI ijs kr ky ipMf dw nW kotlw Sms ^wn bx igAw[ mgroN aus dw poqw inhMg ^wn (pu`qr nOrMg ^wn) vDyry mShUr ho igAw Aqy ies dw nW kotlw inhMg ^wn bx igAw[

ies ^wn prvwr dw is`K gurUAW nwl prvwrk sbMD sI[ sB qoN pihlW gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies Gr ivc 19 julweI 1635 dy idn Tihry sn[ ies mgroN gurU hir rwey, gurU hirikSn, gurU qyZ bhwdr qy gurU goibMd isMG vI eyQy Tihrdy rhy sn[ AnMdpur swihb C`fx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI, v`fy swihbzwidAW Aqy aunHW dy swQIAW ny 6 dsMbr 1705 dw swrw idn ies jgh hI pnwh leI sI[ BweI bicqr isMG dI mOq 7 dsMbr 1705 dy idn iesy Gr ivc hoeI sI[ bIbI mumqwj ny aunHW dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI (vyKo: mumqwj)[ 1947 qk ieh prvwr eyQy irhw sI, pr mgroN ieh pwiksqwn cly gey sn[ ies ipMf ivc do gurduAwry hn:

1. B`Tw swihb (jo kdy ie`tW bxwaux dw B`Tw sI pr auh iksy hwlq ivc nSt ho igAw sI (mgroN iksy ny “gurU jI dy GoVy v`loN pYr r`Kx nwl B`Tw TMFw ho jwx” dI iek klipq khwxI vI GV leI geI sI)

2. gurduAwrw BweI bicqr isMG (BweI bicqr isMG dI ies iklHy ivc mOq hoeI sI; ies kr ky aus dI Xwd ivc iklHy dy nwl ieh Xwdgwr bxweI geI hY[ ies jgh BweI bicqr isMG dI iek Fwl vI peI hoeI hY[

BweI inhMg ^wn dw iklHw iek prvwr ny ^rId ilAw sI; pr aus dI dIvwr dIAW kuJ inSwnI A`j vI kwiem hY

BweI inhMg ^wn dy iklHy dI dIvwr dI inSwnI

 

gurduAwrw B`Tw swihb

 

gurduAwrw BweI bicqr isMG

 

gurduAwry ivc peI Fwl qy ikRpwnW

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koTVI swihb (sulqwnpur loDI)

sulqwnpur ivc iek gurduAwry dw nW[ pRclq khwxI muqwibk sulqwnpur ivc modI vjoN nOkrI kridAW iek idn gurU nwnk swihb vyeIN ndI ’c nhwaux gey[ nhwaux mgroN auh vyeIN dy dUjy kMFy dUr sMGxy drKqW dy JuMf hyT jw bYTy qy rUhwnI socW ivc mgn ho gey[Awp keI GVIAW au~Qy hI bYTy rhy[ (kuJ lyKkW muqwibk guru jI byeIN ivc 3 idn rhy; iek lyKk qW 8 idn ndI ivc rihxw ilKdw hY)[ ip`CoN lokW ny ieh soicAw ik gurU jI fu`b gey hoxgy[ ieh vI crcw c`ilAw ik gurU jI dyy modI^wny dw ihswb ivc gVbV hoeI hY[

ies khwxI muqwibk jd gurU jI byeIN ivcoN vwips Awey qW nvwb ny modI^wny dy ihswb dI pVqwl krvweI[ ihswb krn dy smyN dOrwn guru jI nUM iek koTVI ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw[ khwxI muqibk modI^wny v`l aultw gurU jI dw 760 rupY bkwieAw inkilAw[

ieh khwxI mnGVq hY; pr ies klipq khwxI dy ADwr ’qy ieh gurduAwrw bxw id`qw igAw hY:

gurduAwrw koTVI swihb sulqwnpur loDI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koTw swihb gurduAwrw

v`lw (AMimRqsr) 1664 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy Awey sn Aqy kuJ smW rhy sn[ ieh mweI hro dw k`cw koTw sI[
hor vyKo: v`lw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koTw gurU gurduAwrw

p`CmI pMjwb dy ksby vzIrwbwd ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw[ ieh BweI Kym cMd dw Gr sI ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb kSmIr qoN muVidAW iek rwq Tihry sn[ hux ieh gurduAwrw qkrIbn F`T cukw hY:

koTw gurU gurduAwrw 1947 qoN pihlW

 

koTw gurU gurduAwrw (hux dI hwlq)

 

ies dy nwl hI iek Kwlsw skUl vI sI ijs dI iemwrq ivc hux ieslwmIAw kwlj cl irhw hY:
Kwlsw skUl vzIrwbwd (hux ieslwmIAw kwlj) dI iemwrq

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koTw mlUkw

izlHw biTMfw dI qihsIl Bgqw BweIkw dw iek ipMf (Bgqw BweIkw qoN mlUkw 11 qy jYqo qoN qkrIbn 18 iklomItr dUr hY)[ ies ipMf dw srkwrI irkwrf ivc nW isr& mlUkw hY[ ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw qrUAwxw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

hor vyKo: su`KU.

gurduAwrw qrUAwxw swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

koTw gurU kw

izlHw biTMfw ivc (jYqo qoN qkrIbn 25 iklomItr dUr) iek ksbw ijs nUM ipRQI cMd ny 1596 ivc vswieAw sI[ mgroN aus dw pVpoqrw kMvl nYx (hrjI dw pu`qr, imhrbwn dw poqrw) ijs nUM soFI kOl vI kihMdy hn 1696 ivc Awpxy ipqw dI mOq mgroN ies ipMf ivc Aw ky rihx lg ipAw sI; aus dw Gr iFlvW ipMf (kotkpUrw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr) ivc vI sI, ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG 27 dsMbr 1705 dy idn Tihry sn[

iek swKI muqwibk iek vwr sulhI ^wn ny gurU Arjn swihb ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) vl kUc kIqw qW auh ie`Qy iek Awvy ivc if`g ky sV ky mr igAw sI[ ieh Awvw ipMf qoN fyF iklomItr dUr sI[

koTw gurU kw ipMf ivc do gurduAwry bxy hoey hn:

gurduAwrw jMf swihb

 

gurduAwrw gMgsr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kot SmIr

biTMfw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr, qkrIbn XwrHW hzwr dI AwbwdI vwl iek ipMf[ 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI biTMfw qoN qlvMfI swbo AwauNidAW eyQy ruky sn[ BweI f`lw nUM kotkpUrw qoN gurU jI dy aus v`l Awaux dI ieqlwh pu`j geI sI Aqy auh A`gy ho ky gurU jI nUM ies QW ’qy Aw imilAw sI[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI qlvMfI swbo rihMidAW iek vwr biTMfw dw iklHw vyKx gey sn qy vwips muVidAW eyQy ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI dsvIN kot SmIr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kotduAwr ngr

hrduAwr qoN 57 iklomItr dI iv`Q ’qy iek ngr[ AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb mwrc 1508 dy Aw^rI h&qy ivc hrduAwr p`ujy[ hrduAwr ivc ipqrW nUM pwxI dyx dw kOqk krn mgroN gurU jI ny pihlw pVwA (20 iklomItr dUr) gYNfIKwqw ipMf ivc kIqw[ Awp ny aus rwq ies ipMf ivc pVwA kIqw qy iPr (37 iklomItr dUr) kotduAwr nUM cl pey sn[ kot duAwr ivc gurU jI ny ‘is`DblI mMdr’ ivc iek`Ty hoey lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw sbk id`qw[ (hux mMdr vwilAW ny mMdr ivc drjnW imQhwsk dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI kwlpink qsvIr vI lweI hoeI hY qW jo is`KW nUM Awpxy v`l iKcx dI koiSS kIqI jw sky)[ iksy vyly ies mMdr dy nyVy iek in`kw ijhw ‘gurduAwrw crn pwdukw’ huMdw sI ijhVw mgroN Fwh id`qw igAw[ hux is`K ie`Qy jgh lY ky Xwdgwr bxwaux dI koiSS kr rhy hn[ auN\ Sihr ivc iek lokl gurduAwrw mOjUd hY.

kot duAwr dw ‘is`DblI mMdr’

 

mMdr ivc lgI gurU nwnk swihb dI qsvIr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kot DrmU

mwnsw qihsIl, mwnsw qoN 13 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb BUpl iBKI qoN ies qr& Awey sI[ rwq vyly iek cor ny gurU jI dw GoVw corI kIqw[ PVy jwx mgroN aus nUM gurU jI kol ilAWdw igAw[ gurU jI ny aus nUM muAw& kr id`qw pr aus ny Srm dy mwry iek dr^q dy iq`Ky qxy nwl ^ud nUM mwr ilAw[ aus Gtnw Aqy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw sUlIsr bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw sUlIsr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kolwieq

rwijsQwn ivc iek ngr[ ies ngr ivc gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI m`kw Xwqrw dOrwn (1518 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb AwpxI d`Kx Xwqrw dOrwn (1706 ivc) ruky sn[ gurU nwnk swihb mulqwn, auc Aqy Btnyr (hux hnumwngVH) qoN huMdy hoey kolwieq pu`jy sn qy iek rwq ie`Qy ruky sn[ kolwieq ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek AwlISwn gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[gurU goibMd isMG jI ny AOrMgzyb nUM imlx jwx smyN 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo qoN cl ky isrsw, nOhr, Bwdrw, swhwvw ivc pVwA krdy hoey kolwieq pu`jy sn[ auh ie`Qy ie`Qy 19 mwrc 1707 dy idn pu`jy sn[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM AOrMgzyb dy mrn dI ^br imlI[ies mgroN gurU jI ny d`Kx dw s&r bMd kr id`qw Aqy Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) vl cl pey sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc koeI vKrw gurduAwrw nhIN hY.

kolwieq ivc guru nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikVI A&ZwnW

ropV izlHw dI cmkOr qihsIl ivc, cmkOr qoN 8 iklomItr dUr, iek ipMf, ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN inkl ky mwCIvwVw jWidAW ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ikAwrw swihb gurduAwrw

nwnkwxw swihb ivc auh QW ijs bwry iek kwlpink khwxI bxweI hoeI hY ik gurU jI dIAW m`JW ies QW ’qy iksy dw Kyq cr geIAW sn[ies imQhws nUM ieiqhws bxwaux vwsqy ie`Qy ‘ikAwrw swihb’ dy nW hyT iek gurduAwrw bxw id`qw igAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kyvl ipMf

kyvl pMjwb-hirAwxw dI srh`d ’qy hirAwxw dy isrsw izlHw dI qihsIl EDwn ivc (EDwn qoN 19, isrsw qoN 45 iklomItr dUr) iek in`kw ijhw ipMf hY[ ies dI AwbwdI (2011 dI mrdm SumwrI muqwibk) isr& 2127 hY[ gurU goibMd isMG jI BweI dieAw isMG qy Drm isMG (jo gurU jI dw ^q AOrMgzyb nUM phuMcwaux vwsqy AOrMgwbwd nUM gey hoey sn) dI Bwl ivc, 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx vl cl pey[ rsqy ivc aunHW ny pihlw pVwA (qlvMfI swbo qoN 17 iklomItr dUr) ies ipMf ivc kIqw sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pYNqVw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw pYNqVw swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kysgVH (q^q) AnMdpur swihb

AnMdpur ivc auh QW ij`Qy gurU goibMd jI ny c`k nwnkI dy nyVy, iek nvyN ipMf dI moVHI g`fI sI[ BweI caupiq rwey (mgroN cOpw isMG) ny AnMd swihb dIAW pMj pauVIAW pVH ky Ardws kIqI sI[ nvyN ngr dw nW gurU jI ny ‘AnMdpur’ r`iKAw sI[ ie`Qy hI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny sMmq 1755 dI pihlI ivswK (29 mwrc 1698*) ‘sIs Byt kOqk’ kIqw sI Aqy KMfy dI pwhul dI rsm SurU kIqI sI. {*B`t vhIAW ivc 1698 hY, pr, keI QWeIN ieh 1699 iliKAw imldw hY}[

kys gVH ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dy keI Ssqr pey hoey hn: 1. auh KMfw vI hY ijs nwl aunHW ny pihlI vwr pwhul id`qI sI (ies dI lMbweI 3 Pu`t qy swFy iqMn ieMc hY; ies dw blyf 2 Put 3 ieMc dw hY) 2. ktwr 3. sY& (dwAvw jWdw hY ik ieh sY& hzrq muhMmd swihb dy dwmwd hzrq AlI dI sI Aqy ies nUM mgroN aus dy pu`qrW hsn qy husYn ny vI lVweIAW ivc vriqAw sI; mgroN ieh AOrMgzyb kol phuMc geI sI Aqy muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny ieh gurU jI nUM Byt kIqI sI; pr iksy qvwrI^I somy qoN ies dI qweId nhIN huMdI) 4. iek bMdUk (ijhVI iek lwhOr vwsI is`K ny gurU jI nUM Byt kIqI sI) 5. nwgnI brCw (ijs nwl BweI bicqr isMG ny phwVI rwijAW v`loN lohgVH iklHy dw drvwzw qoVn vwsqy Srwb ipAw ky Byjy gey hwQI dy p`Qy ivc mwr ky aus nUM vwips moiVAw sI) 6. krpw brCw (iblwspur dy rwjy dw mwmw kysrI cMd jo gurU jI dw isr v`F ky ilAwaux dI ksm Kw ky AwieAw sI, BweI audY isMG aus dw isr v`F ky, ies brCy ’qy tMg ky gurU jI kol lY ky igAw sI)[

ienHW qoN ielwvw Cy Ssqr, jo brqwnvI hwkm 1849 qoN mgroN ieMglYNf lY gey sn Aqy 1966 ivc ieMglYNf qoN vwips ilAWdy gey sn, vI ie`Qy pey hn: 1. iek lMmw brCw 2. iek Cotw brCw 3. SmSIry-qyZ 4. dwhy-AwhnI (iek iksm dI qlvwr) 5. iek sunihrI c`kr 6. iek Fwl (jo gYNfy dI K`l dI bxI hoeI hY). (qsvIrW: 1. kysgVH 1865 ivc 2. kysgVH hvweI idRS 3. kysgVH ivc pey Ssqr 4. auh KMfw ijs nwl pwhul SurU kIqI sI):

kysgVH 1865 ivc

 

kysgVH hvweI idRS (1998)

 

kysgVH ivc pey Ssqr

 

auh KMfw ijs nwl pwhul SurU kIqI sI

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kyr swihb

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw qy qihsIl mMfI bhwau`dIn ivc (cylIAWvwlw qoN qkrIbn 10 iklomItr dUr) ipMf jYsuKvwlw ivc gurU nwnk swihb dw gurduAwrw hY[ gurU jI ifMgw qoN eyQy pu`jy sn[ iek khwxI muqwibk Awpxy Awp nUM is`D qWiqRk kihx vwly iek S^s ny ipMf nUM qbwh krn dw AYlwn kIqw hoieAw sI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM AijhI soc qoN vrijAw qy smJwieAw ik szw dyx dw h`k isr& r`b nUM hY[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies gurduAwry dy nW 40 mur`by zmIn lweI sI[

ies dI iqMn mMizlw iemwrq qoN ielwvw eyQy iek v`fI srW Aqy srovr vI sn[ hux ies dI iemwrq ivc 100 dy krIb lok rihMdy hn[ pRkwS AsQwn ’qy iek puls A&sr ny kbzw kIqw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw kyr swihb
(qsvIr vwsqy DMnvwd imrzw byZ, pwiksqwn)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

khlUr

ihmwcl dI irAwsq iblwspur dw pihlw nW khlUr irAwsq sI[ ies irAwsq dI nINh 697 ivc cMdyl rwjpUq rwjw bIr cMd ny r`KI sI[pihlW ies dI rwjDwnI ijMdbVI ipMf (hux izlHw huiSAwrpur) hoieAw krdI sI[mgroN CyvyN rwjy khl cMd ny khlUr iklHw bxwieAw qy ies dw nW khlUr cl ipAw[ kw&I dyr mgroN rwjw kilAwx cMd (mOq 1636) dy poqy Aqy rwjw qwrw cMd (mOq 1636) dy pu`qr dIp cMd (mOq 1665) ny iblwspur nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw (auh iblwspur Sihr vI hux goibMd swgr JIl dw ih`sw bx ckw hY).

hor vyKo: iblwspur.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIV kOm/ kIVgRwm

Aj klH kIVgrwm dw nW bYjnwQ (pRwcIn bYjnwQ mMdr kr ky) hY[ aunHIN idnIN aus ielwky ivc kIV kOm dI hkUmq sI qy kIVgrwm ngr aus rwj dI rwjDwnI sI[ pihloN kIVW dI hkUmq bhuq swry ielwky ivc sI[ mgroN aunHW dw inGwr SurU ho igAw[ hOlI-hOlI aunHW dw swrw ielwkw kWgVy dy rwijAW ny Koh ilAw[ vkq bIqx nwl kIVgrwm dw iklHw Aqy mihl vI Fih gey[ iPr ies jgh dw nW vI kIVgrwm dI jgh, bYjnwQ dy mMdr dy nW ’qy, bYjnwQ hI v~jx lg ipAw[

jdoN gurU jI au~Qy gey qW kIVgrwm suhxw Sihr sI[ au~QoN dy rwjy ny gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM Awpxy Gr Kwxy ’qy sidAw[ gurU swihb ny rwjy nUM ‘Drm dw rwjw’ bxn dI isiKAw idqI qy ikhw ik qUM jdoN qk ‘Drm dw rwjw’ rhyNgw qyrw rwj kwiem rhygw[

kIVgrwm dw izkr AwrkIAwloijst AlYZzYNdr kinMGm ny vI AwpxI Koj ivc kIqw hY[

jvwlwmuKI, kWgVw Aqy kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ) ivc pRwcIn mMdr qW mOjUd hn pr gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ hwlW ik ieh irAwsq keI swl mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kbzy ivc vI rhI sI qy aus ny mMdrW ’qy mxW mUhI sonw qW cVHwieAw pr ies ielwky ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI koeI vI Xwdgwr qk nhIN bxweI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kIrqpur

ropV-nMgl mwrg ’qy, ropV qoN 36 iklomItr dUr (Aqy AnMdpr qoN 9 iklomItr pihlW) iek ipMf[ ies ipMf dI nINh bwbw gurid`qw ny 23 AprYl 1624 dy idn rKvweI sI[ ies ipMf nUM vswaux vwsqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny vwsqy iblwspur dy rwjy kilAwx cMd koloN cwr ipMfW (kilAwxpur, ijauvwl, Bgvwl qy BtolI) dy ivckwrlI zmIn ^rIdI sI[

iqMn meI 1635 qoN gurU hirgoibMd jI ie`Qy rihx l`g pey sn[ 1664 qk kIrqpur is`KW dw hY~f-kuAwtr bixAw irhw[ gurU hirgoibMd jI Aqy gurU hir rwie jI ieQy hI joqI-joiq smwey[ gurU hir rwie jI dw jnm ieQy hI hoieAw sI[ gurU hir rwie swihb qy gurU hirikRSn swihb ƒ gur-g`dI iesy jgh ’qy hI id`qI geI sI[

kIrqpur ivc keI gurduAwry hn: (1) crn kMvl swihb: gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI audwsI dOrwn ieQy lMGy sn Aqy sWeIN bu`Fx Swh ny aunHW ƒ du`D CkwieAw sI (2) SIS mh`l swihb: gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hir rwie swihb ieQy rhy sn[ gurU hir rwie swihb dw jnm ieQy hI hoieAw sI (3) q^q kot swihb: ie`Qy iksy vyly iek iklHw vI sI ijs nUM 1711 qoN mgroN muZlW ny Fwh id`qw sI[ ie`QoN gurU hirgoibMd jI qy iPr gurU hir rwie jI qy gurU hirikSn jI q^q dI kwrvweI clwieAw krdy sn[ gurU hir rwie jI Aqy gurU hirikSn jI ƒ gurg`dI ieQy id`qI geI sI (4) dmdmw swihb: gurU hirgoibMd swihb qy gurU hir rwie swihb ie`Qy dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn (5) pwqwlpurI: dirAw sqluj kdy eyQoN lMGdw sI[ gurU hirgoibMd jI Aqy gurU hir rwie jI dw sskwr ie`Qy hoieAw sI[ kIrqpur dy swry vwsIAW dy sskwr vI iesy QW ’qy hI hoieAw krdy sn[gurU kwl vyly ieh SmSwn Gwt huMdw sI[ hux SmSwn Gwt ’qy gurduArw bxw id`qw igAw hY[ Aj klH kuJ by-smJ is`K Awpxy irSqydwrW dIAW AsQIAW eyQy ilAw ky pwauNdy hn[ ieh is`K &ls&y dy ault hY is`K ƒ ihdwieq hY ik auh AsQIAW ƒ nyVy dy vihMdy pwxI (dirAw, nihr vZYrw) ivc jl-pRvwh kry (6) bbwxgVH: BweI jYqw qy hor is`KW ny gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw sIs ilAw ky ies QW ‘qy pVwA kIqw sI qy sMgqW ny sIs dy drSn kIqy sn (7) hirmMdr (drbwr) swihb pwiqSwhI CyvIN (gurduAwrw gurU dw bwZ): {ies dw Asl nW ‘gurU dw bwZ’ sI; pr inrmly pujwrIAW ny bwZ dy isry ’qy gurduAwrw bxw ky ies dw nW hrmMdr rK id`qw sI jo ik Zlq hY} aunHIN idnIN ieh iek bwZ huMdw sI[ iek vwr gurU hir rwie jI ieQy GuMm rhy sn qW aunHW dy Ku`lyH cogy nwl AV ky ieh Pu`l dIAW p`qIAW t`ut ky iKlr geIAW[ ies ’qy gurU hir rwie jI bVy jzbwqI ho gey sn[ gurU hirgoibMd jI ny aunHW ƒ qs`lI dyNidAW A`goN vwsqy vDyry iDAwn r`Kx leI AwiKAw (8) cub`cw swihb: eyQy gurU jI ny GoiVAW dy pwxI pIx leI v`fw cub`cw bxvwieAw hoieAw sI[ gurU jI kol 2200 GoVy sn[ aunHW dy GoiVAW dy do v`fy Asqbl sn (dUjw cub`cw ipMf crnOlI ivc sI[ au~Qy vI gurduAwrw cub`cw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[ (9) mMjI swihb: ieh bIbI rUp kOr (pu`qrI gurU hir rwie jI) dw Gr sI[ bIbI rUp kOr dw ivAwh 4 nvMbr 1662 dy idn, psrUr vwsI BweI Kym krn nwl hoieAw sI, pr auh shury ipMf isr& iqMn idn hI rhI sI[ aus mgroN auh nwl lgdy ipMf kot kilAwxpur Aw geI qy kuJ swl mgroN kIrqpur ivc ies Gr ivc rihx l`g peI sI[ ies gurduAwry ivc kuJ qvwrI^I cIzW peIAW hn: sRIcMd dI sylI-topI, iek h`Q-ilKq poQI ijs ivc kuJ Sbd qy nsIhqW hn, iek p`KI qy iek bIbI rUp kOr dw kFweI vwlw rumwl[ ienHW ivcoN pihlIAW do cIzW bIbI rUp kOr ƒ dwj ivc imlIAW sn (10) dyhrw bwbw gurid`qw (nwl lgvyN phwV ’qy): ie`Qy gurid`qw (pu`qr gurU hirgoibMd jI) ny cVHweI kIqI sI[ kw&I icr mgroN iek khwxI gurid`qw v`loN krwmwq idKwaux dI vI joV id`qI geI[ AijhIAW keI khwxIAW At`l rwey Aqy hornW nwl vI juVIAW hoeIAW sn (11) qIr swihb: ie`Qy gurU hirgoibMd jI qlvwr-bwzI qy gqkw vgYrw iKfwieAw krdy sn qy qIr AdwzI isKwieAw krdy sn[ iek khwxI muqwibk iek vwrI gurU jI ny ie`QoN qIr clwieAw sI, jo sqluj dirAw kol, mOjUdw gurduAwrw pwqwlpurI dy nyVy, jw ifgw sI (12) bwaulI swihb: ieh bwaulI gurid`qw ny bxvweI sI[ ieh kilAwxpur ipMf dI hdUd ivc hY (13) gurU dw KUh: ieh KUh vI gurU jI ny putvwieAw sI[

kIrqpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb, gurU hirgoibMd jI, gurU hir rwie jI, gurU hirikSn jI, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW XwdgwrW hn[ jdoN gurU nwnk swihb ieQy Awey sn Aqy ieh ipMf b`iJAw hI nhIN sI[gurU goibMd isMG ie`Qy rhy qW nhIN pr keI vwr ie`Qy ruk ky gey sn.

crn kMvl swihb

 

kot q^q swihb

 

gurU dw bwZ, drbwr swihb (hirmMdr) dw ipCvwVw:

 

gurU dw bwZ, drbwr swihb (hirmMdr)

 

SIS mh`l swihb

 

Borw swihb

 

dmdmw swihb

 

qIr swihb

 

gurU kwl dy SmSwn Gwt ’qy bixAw pqwlpurI

 

cub`cw swihb

 

dyhurw gurid`qw (bwbw)

 

dyhurw gurid`qw muK drvwzw

 

bwaulI swihb (kilAwxpur dI hdUd ivc hY)

 

mMjI swihb (bIbI rUp kOr)

 

ibbwngVH (guru qyZ bhwdr swihb)

 

sweIN bu`Fx Swh dw mzwr

 

kIrqpur ivc gurduAwirAW bwry byh`d Zlq jwxkwrIAW nwl BirAw borf

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwauxI ipMf

izlHw mukqsr dI igdVbwhw qihsIl ivc, mukqsr qoN 15 Aqy igdVbwhw qoN qkrIbn 28 iklomItr dUr iek v`fw ipMf ijs ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI jnvrI 1706 ivc gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw inrmlgVH swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kaulsr

AMimRqsr dy pMj srovrW ivcoN iek kOlsr jo 1627 ivc bixAw sI[ ieh srovr drbwr swihb dy nyVy gurduAwrw bwbw Atl dy nwl lgvW hY[ kuJ lok ies nUM gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI cOQI pqnI kmlw dyvI (ijs nUM kOlW iliKAw vI imldw hY) nwl joVdy hn, jo ik Zlq hY; ies srovr dw nW kml Pu`l nwl sbMDq hY[ swry srovrW dy nW vI ieho ijhI qrz ’qy hn (kml/kMvl/kOl sr, sMqoK sr, AMimRq sr, ibbyk sr, rwm sr).

hor vyKo: kmlw dyeI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

k`tU ipMf

(brnwlw qoN 12, DnOlw qoN 7 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY[ mulwmI lokW muqwibk auh jMf dw dr^q, ijs nwl gurU jI ny GoVw bMinHAw sI, auh (jW aus dI Sw^wvW qoN au~igAw) dr^q Aj vI mOjUd hY[ irvwieq muqwibk ie`Qy gurU jI ny iDAwn dws nW dy iek swD nwl Drm crcw vI kIqI sI.

(qsvIr: gurduAwrw gurUsr, k`tU):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwTmWfU

ihmwlw dIAW phwVIAW ivc vsy mulk nYpwl dI rwjDwnI, jo ivSnUmqI ndI dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ nYpwl mulk sMn 878 ivc hoNd ivc AwieAw sI, pr kwTmMfU Sihr 723 ivc rwjw kwmdyv ny vswieAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn nYpwl dI rwjDwnI kwTmWfU vI gey sn[ auh pSUpqI mMdr dy nyVy ndI dy kMFy ’qy ruky sn[ rwjw mhW rwjbIr isMh (issofIAw rwjpUq) gurU jI dy drSnW vwsqy AwieAw sI[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw nwnk m`T bixAw hoieAw hY[

gurU nwnk swihb dy nW ’qy kwTpMfU qoN 5 iklomItr dUr SoBwvqI ivc vI iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ mukwmI irkwrf muqwibk nYpwl dy (m`lw slqnq dy) rwjy jgq m`lw ny gurduAwry dy nW 1600 eykV zmIn luAweI sI[ kwTmWfU Aqy ies dy nyVy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pMj gurduAwry hn[ ho skdw hY ik audwsIAW Aqy inrmilAW ny Awpo-Awpxy gurduAwry bxw ley hox[

muK gurduAwrw nwnk m`T (ibSynmqI ndI dy kMFy) hY; iek gurduAwrw (ies qoN 2 iklomItr dUr) kwlmocn gu&w kol hY; iek gurduAwrw ies qoN fyF iklomItr dUr igAwn Dwrw ivc hY; iek gurduAwrw igAwnySvor cSmy kol hY; ies dy nyVy gurU jI dy smyN dw iek KUh vI hY:

 

gurduAwrw nwnk m`T (purwxI iemwrq)

 

gurduAwrw nwnk m`T (AMdr dI qsvIr)

 

igAwn Dwrw

gurduAwrw nwnk m`T igAwnySovr

 

gurduAwrw nwnk dy smyyN dw iek KUh

 

nvW gurduAwrw gurU nwnk sqsMg

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ktws/ ktws rwj

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw ijhlm ivc, SYv lokW (ihMdUAW) dw iek pRwcIn qIrQ hY[ ieQy pihlW iek CyvIN sdI dw mMdr sI; ies dI nvIN (audoN vwlI) iemwrq sMn 900 dy krIb dI bxI sI[ imQhws muqwibk ie`Qy iSv dI pqnI pwrvqI dIAW A`KW coN hMJU if`gy sn (iek hor imQhwsk khwxI muqwibk iSv dw ktws nW dw GoVw eyQy mirAw sI)[

drAsl ieh jgh mihMjodwVo-hV`pw kwl dI hY Aqy ie`Qy pwxI dw iek kudrqI cSmw sI[ bwkI sB khwxIAW ienHW mgroN GVIAW geIAW sn[ mgroN ie`Qy iSv mMdr qoN ielwvw hor vI bhuq swry mMdr bx gey sn[ koeI syvw sMBwl nw ho skx kr ky hux ies dI hwlq cMgI nhIN[

gurU nwnk swihb vI ies ipMf ivc Awey sn[ gurU jI hsn Abdwl (pMjw swihb), it`lw bwl guMdweI Aqy rohqws qoN cl ky (bwl guMdweI qoN 107 iklomItr qy ckvwl qoN 40 iklomItr dUr) ies pRwcIn ipMf ivc ruky sn qy aunHW ny au~Qy Xwqrw krn Awey ihMdUAW nUM s`cy Drm dI isiKAw id`qI[

ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc vI iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; hux au~Qy isr& iemwrq hY Aqy aus dI koeI sMBwl nhIN hY[ lok ies nUM bwrWdrI kihMdy hn[

ktws rwj gurduAwrw dI hyTlI qsvIr sweIkl XwqrU DMnw isMG cihl ny 20 nvMbr 1933 dy idn leI sI.

ktws rwj mMdr purwxI qsvIr

ktws rwj: 2019 dI qsvIr

ktws rwj dw ipClw pwsw: qsvIr imrzw byZ:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ktwxw

izlHw luiDAwxw dI pwiel qihsIl dw iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc AnMdpur qoN cl ky cmkOr qy mwCIvwVw huMdy hoey dInw-kWgV v`l jWdy eyQy ruky sn[ ies qoN pihlW 1619 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI, gvwlIAr qoN goieMdvwl jWdy hoey, eyQy Aw cuky sn[ dohW gurU swihbwn dI Xwd iek mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI, jo hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw (gurduAwrw dygsr) bx cukw hY[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ijs bohV hyTW guruU jI bYTy sn, auh Ajy mOjUd hY.

gurduAwrw dygsr, ktwxw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kqlgVHI

kqlgVHI (cmkOr)

(1) cmkOr dI gVHI nUM kqlgVHI ikhw jWdw hY ikauN ik aus QW ‟q do swihbzwdy, pMj ivcoN iqmn ipAwry Aqy 40 is`K ShId hoey sn.

kqlgVHI (sFOrw)

(2) sFOrw dw zwlm hwkm ausmwn ^wn vI is`K &OjW dy inSwny ‟qy sI[ ausmwn ^wn ny gurU goibMd swihb dy iek muslmwn murId seIAd bdr`udIn (pIr b`uDU Swh) Aqy aus dy prvwr ‟qy bVy zulm Fwey sn qy aunHW ƒ is`KW dw swQI AwK ky ShId kIqw sI[ ausmwn ^wn ‟qy ieh vI ielzwm sI ik auh ZYr-muslmwnW ƒ s^q n&rq krdw sI Aqy aunHW ‟qy zulm krn Aqy aunHW dIAW DIAW-BYxW dI Azmq lu`tx dw koeI mOkw nhIN sI guAwauNdw[ ies kr ky kpUrI ‟qy ij`q qoN mgroN bMdw isMG ny sFOrw vl kUc kr idqw[

pIr buDU Swh dy swQIAW ny is`K &OjW dw pUrw swQ id`qw, ies kr ky aunHW ƒ Sihr ‟qy kbzw krn ivc bhuqI muSikl nhIN AweI[ sFOrw dy keI nvwb, vzIr qy AmIr ic`tw JMfw lY ky Aqy mMUh ivc Gwh lY ky bMdw isMG kol pyS hoey Aqy rihm dI iB`iKAw mMgI[ bMdw isMG ny aunHW ƒ muAw& kr id`qw pr aunHW qoN ieh vwAdw ilAw ik auh A`goN qoN is`K &OjW dy v&wdwr rihxgy[

sFOry ‟qy kbzw krn mgroN kuJ idn swrIAW is`K &OjW au~Qy hI itkIAW rhIAW[ iek idn jdoN kuJ is`K GoVy crw rhy sn qW iek aUT dUroN B`jdw AwieAw qy KyqW ‟c vV igAw[ aus ƒ KyqW ivcoN k`Fx vwsqy iek &OjI ny iek rwhgIr qoN iek bWs Koh ky aUT ƒ mwrnw SurU kr id`qw[ bWs AMdroN KoKlw hox kr ky tu`t igAw Aqy ivcoN iek ic`TI inkl ky if`g peI[ ieh ic`TI sFOrw dy iksy vzIr-AmIr ny vzIr ^wn (sUbydwr srhMd ) ƒ ilKI sI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik AsIN bMdw isMG ƒ im`TIAW-im`TIAW g`lW ivc PsweI r`KWgy[ ies dOrwn qusIN hmlw kr dyxw qy AsIN vI Sihr dy AMdr is`KW ‟qy hmlw kr dyvWgy[ ies nwl jy bMdw isMG igR&qwr nw vI ho sikAw qW gVbV ivc Sihr C`f ky jwn bcwaux vwsqy dOV zrUr jwvygw[ ieh ic`TI pVH ky bMdw isMG ny aunHW Sihr vwsIAW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw ijnHW ny ksmW KwDIAW sn ik auh is`K &OjW dy v&wdwr rihxgy[ ies iek`T ivc bMdw isMG ny svwl kIqw ik „vwAdw kr ky ZdwrI krn vwly ƒ kI szw imlxI cwhIdI hY?” swry lokW ny jvwb idqw “mOq”[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny rwhgIr qoN PVI ic`TI idKweI[ ieh ic`TI vyK ky swry vzIr-AmIr kMb gey Aqy igVigVw ky muAw&IAW mMgx lg pey[ ies ‟qy bMdw isMG ny ikhw ik “quhwfy ivcoN ijhVw vI pIr bu`DU Swh dI hvylI ivc vV jweygw aus ƒ muAw& kr id`qw jweygw[”

ies ‟qy swry sO-fyF sO bMdy, jo Asl mujirm sn, pIr dI hvylI ƒ B`jy[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG ny hvylI ƒ bwhroN jMdrw lvw idqw qy hvylI ƒ A`g lwaux dw hukm dy idqw[ ZdwrI krn vwly swry byeImwn AMdr sV ky mr gey sn[ ies kr ky ies hvylI dw nW „kqlgVHI‟ mshUr h oigAw sI. (pr hux auh iblifMg mOjUd nhIN hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kæsUr

pwiksqwn dw iek izlHw Aqy Sihr[ ies Sihr dw rkbw 3995 mur`bw iklomItr Aqy AwbwdI qkrIbn 5 l`K hY[ p`CmI pMjwb dI rwjDwnI lwhOr qoN 50 iklomItr dUr, ieh ngr pUrbI pMjwb dy izlHw &wizlkw qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr hY[ kæsUr dw mAænw/ArQ hY bhuq swry mihl (AærbI kæsr=mihl, bhuvcn kæsUr)[ imQhws ivc ies nUM rwmwiex dy nwiek rwm dy pu`qr kuS dw vswieAw ikhw igAw hY, pr ieh shI nhIN hY[ ksUr Sihr dI nINh 1525 dy krIb A&Zwinsqwn qoN Awey ^ySgI kbIly dy p^qUnW ny r`KI sI; aunHW ny Sihr ivc 12 v`fy iklHy bxw ky ies dI bhuq mzbUq &sIl bxweI sI)[ auN\ ieh ielwkw pRwcIn simAW qoN v`isAw hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy mOrIAw swmrwj, XUnwnIAW, kuSwn, gupq rwijAW, hUn kOm Aqy ihMdUSwhI rwijAw dw rwj irhw sI[ 1747 ivc ies ’qy is`K imslW ny hmlw kIqw sI[ 1748 qoN mgroN ieh Aihmd swh du`rwnI dI ADIngI hyT Aw igAw sI[ ApRYl 1763 ivc, jdoN ie`QoN dw nvwb iek ihMdU AOrq nUM cu`k ilAwieAw sI, qW aus nUM Cufvwaux vwsqy is`KW ny hmlw kr ky ikiLHAW dI bhuq qbwhI kIqI sI (Aj vI purwxy ikilHAW dy Qyh mOjUd hn[

1807 ivc ksUr ’qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw kbzw ho igAw sI[ 1849 ivc AMgryz ies dy hwkm bx gey sn[

ksUr Sihr qvwrI^ ivc iek AihmIAq vwlw Sihr hY[ mShUr sU&I Swier vwirs Swh qy bulHw Swh ie`Qy pVHdy rhy sn; mShUr gwiek nUr jhW, bVy Zulwm AlI ^wn, brkq AlI ^wn Awid vI ie`QoN dy sn.

(ksUr ivc bulHw Swh dw mzwr)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwSI (bnwrs, vwrwnsI)

(vwrwnsI) au~qr pRdyS ivc gMgw ndI dy K`by kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw iek ngr, ijs dw nW bnwrs vI irhw hY qy hux vwrwnsI hY[ ieh Alwhwbwd (pRXwg) qoN 121 qy lKnaU qoN 320 iklomItr dUr hY[ ihMdUAW dy s`q piv`qr QWvW (spq purI) ivcoN iek hY[ ies nUM imQhwsk dyvqy iSv nwl sbMDq hox kr ky iSvpurI vI kihMdy hn[ AOrMgzyb ny ies ngr dw nW muhMmdwbwd r`K id`qw sI, jo c`ilAw nhIN[ 82 mur`bw iklomItr ivc PYly ies ngr dI AwbwdI 12 l`K qy mYtro Sihr dI AwbwdI 15 l`K dy krIb hY[

iek iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ KudweI krn ‘qy ies QW qoN 800 qoN 1800 purwxw kwl dy vyly dIAW inSwnIAW imlIAW hn[ ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik ieh ngr keI vwr v`isAw Aqy aujiVAw hovygw[ bu`D vyly ieh ngr koSwl dyS dw ih`sw sI (swrnwQ ies ngr qoN isr& 10 iklomItr dUr hY)[ 635 ivc cInI XwqrI ihaUn sWg ie`Qy AwieAw sI[ aus muqwibk ieh ngr 5 iklomItr dy rkby ivc PYilAw hoieAw sI[ aus muqwibk audoN ie`Qy 30 mMdr qy 30 pujwrI sn[ mOrIAw kwl vyly ieh tYkslw qoN pwtlIpuqr jwx vwly muK mwrg ivc AwauNdw sI[ATvIN sdI ivc Aid SMkr ny ie`Qy imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dI pUjw SurU krvweI sI[ muZl kwl vyly kwSI dw inzwm kwSI dw rwjw ‘kwSI nryS’ clwauNdw sI[ Akbr ny jd dIny ielwhI SurU kIqw qW aus ny ie`Qy do mMdr (iSv qy ivSnU dy nW ‘qy) bxvwey sn[ AOrMgzyb ny keI mMdr Fuhw ky auQy msIqW bxvweIAW sn[ pr aus dI moq mgroN ies ngr ‘qy ihMdUAW dw hI rwj ho igAw[ 1737 ivc ies dw inzwm ‘kwSI nryS’ nUM srkwrI drjw hwisl ho igAw sI jo 1947 qk cldw irhw sI[ pr Ajy vI ihMdU lok ‘kwSI nryS’ dI bhuq iezq krdy hn[

1791 ivc lwrf vwrn hysitMg vyly ie`Qy sMsikRq kwlj bxwieAw igAw sI[ 1910 ivc AMgryzW ny ies nUM iek sUbw bxw ky rwmngr nUM ies dI rwjDwnI bxw id`qw sI[ 1916 ivc ie`Qy bnwrs ihMdU XUnIvristI kwiem hoeI sI[

iek AMdwzy muqwibk kwSI ivc 23 hzwr mMdr hn[ sB qoN v`fw qy Aihm mMdr imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dw ivSvnwQ mMdr hY[ 12 joiqrilMgW ivcoN iek ies QW ’qy siQq hY[ ies mMdr dI Asl QW igAwnvpI msIq sI (vyKo: qsvIr) ieh msIq pRwcIn mMdr nUM Fwh ky AOrMgzyb ny bxvweI sI[ mgroN 1780 ivc holkr rwxI AhilAw bweI ny mOjUdw ivSvnwQ mMdr bxvwieAw sI[ ies ’qy l`gw swrw 36 mx sonw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny id`qw sI)[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy hnUmwn dw sMkt mocn mMdr, durgw mMdr Aqy prSvnwQ jYn mMdr vI Aihm mMdr hn[ 1750 ivc kwSI nryS blvMq isMh dw bxwieAw rwmngr iklHw vI ie`QoN dIAW purwxIAW iemwrqW ivc Swiml hY[ kwSI ivc gMgw ndI ’qy bhuq swry Gwt hn, ijnHW ivcoN muK dSvmyD Gwt (ivSvnwQ mMdr dy nwl), pMcgMgw Gwt, hirScMdr Gwt, mxIkrixkw Gwt, jYn Gwt (bcrj Gwt) hn (ij`Qy lok muridAW dw sskwr krdy hn)[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy Gwt isMDIAw, holkr, BONsly Aqy pySvw hkUmqW dOrwn bxy sn[

kwSI ivc 15 msIqW hn, ijnHW ivcoN Aihm hn: AOrMgzyb dIAW bxvweIAW igAwnvpI msIq jo 1664 ivc bxI sI qy AwlmgIrI msIq jo ies qoN kuJ mgroN bxI sI[ kwsI ivc rivdws qy kbIr dy jnm AsQwn ‘qy vI XwdgwrW bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb vI kwSI Awey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW dy gMgw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy dyv Gwt vwlI jgh ’qy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw aupdyS id`qw sI (ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; hux aus QW ’qy iek audwsI pRvwr dw kbzw hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb Bgq kbIr qy Bgq rivdws nUM imlx vI gey sn[ lksw bwZ ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ‘gurU dw bwZ’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ptnw qoN pMjwb AwauNdy hoey gurU qyZ bhwdr jI qy gurU goibMd isMG jI vI kwSI ivc ruky sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bVI sMgq bixAw hoieAw hY (aunHW dw colw qy joVy vI ie`Qy r`Ky hoey hn).

ivSvnwQ mMdr dI purwxI qsvIr

ivSvnwQ mMdr dI hux dI qsvIr

igAwnvpI msIq

Bgq rivdws dw jnm AsQwn

Bgq kbIr dw jnm AsQwn

 

dyv Gwt ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny aupdyS id`qw sI (s`jy pwsy pOVIAW vwlI iemwrq pihlW gurduAwrw dI; hux iksy ny ies ivc irhwieS bxweI hoeI hY)

 

gurduAwrw ‘gurU dw bwZ’

 

gurduAwrw bVI sMgq vwrwnsI

 

gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dw colw

 

gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dy joVy

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krnwl

AMbwlw-id`lI (jI.tI.) rof ’qy, cMfIgVH qoN 128 qy id`lI qoN 117, pwnIpq qoN 35 iklomItr dUr, hirAwxw sUby dw iek purwxw ngr[ imQhws muqwibk ieh ngr (dwnI) krx ny vswieAw sI[AwpxI dUjI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb ies ngr ivc ruky sn[ aunHW ny ie`Qy mOjUdw klMdrI gyt dy nyVy, TiTAwrW dy muh`ly ivc pVwA kIqw[ aunHW dy kIrqn dI Awvwz nUM sux ky kuJ musilm iek`Ty ho gey Aqy aunHW ny sMgIq nUM SrA dy i^lw& d`isAw[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM d`isAw ik sMgIq qW rUhwnIAq dw iek Aihm AMg hY[ aunHIN idnI kuJ sU&I muslmwn vI auQy rihMdy sn; aunHW ny gurU jI dI g`l dI qweId kIqI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny sU&I PkIrW mubwrk AlI Swh, AbU AlI Swh klMdrI, Sy^ mubwirk Swh, Sy^ AlwaudIn Aqy Sy^ Sr& nwl Drm crcw kIqI qy aunHW nUM Drm dw s`cw mwrg d`isAw[ krnwl ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw mMjI swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ivc iek purwxI bwaulI vI hY (ijs nUM Fk id`qw igAw hY)[

ies qvwrI^I gurduAwry dy iblkul nwl hI kuJ ihMdU i&rkwpRsqW ny iek 10 mMizlw mMdr bxw ky (Xwin mMdr dI aucweI gurduAwry qoN vD rK ky) AwpxI eIrKw dw iezhwr kIqw sI[ Bwrq dy Gt igxqI kimSn ny ies hrkq nUM i&rkU Srwrq kih ky ies dI aucweI Gtwaux vwsqy hukm jwrI kIqw sI[ pr aus hukm ’qy Ajy qk (2019 qk) Aml nhIN kIqw igAw[ krnwl dy gurduAwrw mMjI swihb ivc iek borf auqy iek klipq khwxI ilKI hoeI hY ijs ivc krwmwqW dw izkr kIqw hoieAw hY[ AijhIAW g`p khwxIAW bhuq swry guru swihbwn bwry vI GVIAW geIAW sn qy bhuq swry gurduAwirAW dy bwhr l`gy borfW ’qy ilKIAW imldIAW hn.

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb krnwl

is`KW nUM icVwaux vwsqy ihMdUAW v`loN gurduAwry qoN vD au~cweI ivc bxwieAw mMdr

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb ivc mnoklipq khwxIAW vwlw borf

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krhwlI

pitAwlw izlHw dI snOr qihsIl ivc, smwxw qoN 19 iklomItr dUr, iek ipMf ijs ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Awey sn[ mgroN ieh vI dwAvw kIqw jwx lg ipAw ik gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI ie`Qy Awey sn (aunHW v`loN iek lwielwj bImwrI vwly bMdy nUM rwzI krn dI kwlpink khwxI vI ie`Qy pRcilq hY)[

dohW gurU swihbwn dy nW ’qy iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

(gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN qy nOvIN krhwlI):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krhw/ krHw

hirAwxw dw iek in`kw ijhw ipMf (iphovw qoN 11 iklomItr dUr)[ lokweI nUM qwrn vwsqy gurU nwnk swihb Agsq 1507 ivc sulqwnpur qoN dunIAW dI Xwqrw vwsqy c`l pey[ v`K-v`K ipMfW ivc ruk ky s`cy Drm dw pYZwm dyNdy hoey, srsw pu`jy[ srsw qoN c`l ky, v`K-v`K ipMfW ivc ruk ky s`cy Drm dw pYZwm dyNdy hoey, gurU jI &rvrI 1508 dy A^Ir ivc krHw pu`jy[ ie`Qy rwq rukx mgroN iphovw cly gey[

mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU hirgoibMd swihb, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb vI ie`Qy Awey sn[ krHw ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

hor keI gurduAwirAW vWg au~Qy vI l`gy iek borf ’qy gurU swihbwn dI krHw &yrI bwry klipq khwxIAW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn.

(qsvIr: gurduAwrw krHw ivc l`gw klipq khwxIAW vwlw borf)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

krwcI (pwiksqwn)

krwcI ngr dw mu`F 1729 ivc isMD dy blocI kOm dy qwlpur mIr kbIly dI hkUmq vyly kolwcI lokW nUM vswaux vwsqy b`Jw sI[ auNj pihlW iek iek Awm bMdrgwh sI[ 712 ivc muhMmd iebn kwism ny isMD ‘qy kbzw krn vwsqy ieh rsqw hI ApxwieAw sI[

3 &rvrI 1839 dy idn ies ‘qy AMgryzW ny kbzw kr ilAw[ 1854 ivc aunHW ny ies nUM iek bMdrgwh vjoN vswauxw SurU kr id`qw qy iek CwvxI vI bxw leI[ 1878 ivc ies ivc ryl vI ivCw id`qI geI[

1947 ivc krwcI dI AwbwdI cwr l`K sI[ Bwrq ivcoN muslmwn muhwijrW dy Awaux kr ky ie`QoN dI AwbwdI ivc byimswl vwDw hoieAw qy ieh sgoN mhwjrW dw Sihr bx igAw[ 1951 dI mrdmSumwrI muqwibk ies dI AwbwdI 10 l`K 68 hzwr qoN vD cukI sI[ 2018 ivc AMdrUnI Sihr dI AwbwdI 1 kroV 50 l`K dy krIb Aqy grytr krwcI dI AwbwdI 2 kroV 50 l`K dy krIb hox dw dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY[

Aj krwcI isr& isMDIAW dw hI ngr nhIN sgoN ies ivc 90% bwhroN Awey hoey lok hn[ 1947 qk krwcI ivc 50% muslwm, 40% ihMdU qy 19% iesweI sn; pr muslmwn muhwjrW dy Awaux kr ky hux ihMdU isr& 4 % rih gey hn[ iek AMdwzy muqwibk eyQy 25-30 l`K bMgwlI, 10-15 l`K p^qUn, 13 lK pMjwbI, 4 l`K bloc, 4 l`K roihMigAw (brmw dy) muslmwn vI eyQy vsdy hn[ krwcI kdy bhuq v`fw snAqI Sihr huMdw sI, pr hux ieh AwpxI Swn guAw bYTw hY[ Sihr dI isAwsq ‘qy muhwjrW dI AYm. ikaU. AYm. pwrtI dw kbzw hY[

krwcI ivc gurU nwnk swihb vI Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc AYm.Awe. ikrXwnI rof ’qy iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; pr hux ies ’qy ihMdUAW ny kbzw kr ky ies nUM ihMdU ijm^wnw bxw ilAw hY.

gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw

 

krwcI Sihr dw iek idRS

 

krwcI ivc smuMdr dy kMFy dw iek idRS

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUrQlw

jlMDr qoN 18 iklomItr duUr, pMjwb dy muK SihrW ivcoN iek, kpUrQlw kdy iek qwkqvr irAwsq huMdw sI[ ies irAwsq dw rkbw do ih`isAW ivc sI: kpUrQlw Aqy PgvwVw[ 1948 ivc irAwsqW ^qm hox kgroN ieh pYpsU sUby dw ih`sw bx igAw qy nvMbr 1956 ivc pMjwb ivc Swiml hox mgroN ieh iek izlHw bx igAw jo hux vI do ih`isAW (kpUrQlw Aqy PgvwVw) ivc hY[

BwvyN ies ngr dw mu`F bMnHy jwx bwry iksy somy qoN koeI p`kw hvwlw qW nhIN imldw pr mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ies dI nINh jYslmyr qoN Awey rwxw kpUr ny XwrHvIN sdI ivc r`KI sI[ jd muZlW ny pMjwb ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qW ieh ngr vI aunHW dI hkUmq dw ih`sw bx igAw[ 1774 ivc j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny kpUrQlw dy hwkm iebrwhIm B`tI nUM hrw ky ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw; aus mgroN ieh AwhlUvwlIAw imsl dI rwjDwnI bx igAw[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk j`sw isMG ny sulqwnpur ivc loDIAW dy iklHy dy Qyh dIAW ie`tW cukvw ky ie`Qy ilAw ky Awpxw mihl bxvwieAw sI[ kpUrQlw BwvyN jrnYlI sVk (jI.tI.rof) qoN htvW hox kr ky bhuq v`fw ngr qW nhIN bx sikAw pr SwhI ngr hox kr ky ies ivc purwxy mihl (ijnHW ivcoN iek ivc sYink skUl bixAw hoieAw hY), kcihrIAW Aqy hor iemwrqW Aqy SwlImwr bwZ ies Sihr dI ivrwsq hn[

pMjwb dw ieko-iek srkwrI (styt) gurduAwrw eyQy hI hY. hor vyKo: j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, AwhlUvwlIAw imsl.

purwxw mihl jo hux sYink skUl hY

kpUrQlw styt gurduAwrw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpUrI ngr

kpUrI ngr (1)

puAwD dy ies ielwky ivc sFOrw qoN 30, AMbwlw qoN 15 iklomItr dUr, pMjwb dy izlHw pitAwlw ivc, kpUrI iek purwxw ngr hY[ sMn 1710 ivc ie`QoN dw hwkm kdm-aud-dIn sI[ auh Amwnu`lw dw pu`qr sI jo AOrMgzyb dy zmwny ivc gujrwq dw &Ojdwr sI[ kdm-aud-dIn vI iek zwlm Aqy A`XwS bMdw sI[ auh ihMdUAW dIAW DIAW-nUMhW cuk ky lY jWdw sI Aqy aunHW nwl jbr-znwh krdw sI[ aus ny qW iek spYSl &Oj iqAwr kIqI hoeI sI jo hr vyly ipMfW ivc c`kr k`FdI rihMdI sI[ ies &Oj dw kMm ieh pqw krnw sI ik iks ihMdU dI DI dw ivAwh ho irhw hY jW iks dI DI jvwn ho geI hY[ pqw l`gx mgroN kdm-aud-dIn aus nUM cukvw lYNdw sI Aqy kuJ idn Bogx mgroN C`f dyNdw sI[ aus dI kwm Bu`K eynI GtIAw sI ik auh Awpxy prgxy hI nhIN blik hornW ielwikAW iv`coN vI ihMdU kuVIAW cukvw ilAw krdw sI[[ aus nUM Awpxy ipE dI vI bhuq swrI dOlq imlI hoeI sI[ aus ny hornW hwkmW vWg ^ud vI bhuq dOlq iek`TI kIqI hoeI sI[ aus nUM ies dOlq dw vI hMkwr sI[

iek idn kpUrI dy kuJ ihMdU bMdw isMG bhwdr ƒ imly Aqy kdm-aud-dIn dy zulmW bwry disAw[ Agly idn hI bMdw isMG ny kpUrI ’qy hmlw kr idqw[ kdm-aud-dIn ny kuJ icr qW is`K &OjW dw twkrw kIqw, pr aus dI AOrqW cu`kx vwlI burCwgrd &Oj, bhwdr is`KW dw kI mukwblw kr skdI sI? CyqI hI ieh guMfy qy bdmwS ispwhI mYdwn C`f ky B`j gey[ kdm-aud-dIn ny is`K &OjW A`gy hiQAwr su`tx dI QW Awpxy Awp ƒ AwpxI hvylI ivc kYd kr ilAw[ is`K &OjW ny ies pwpI ƒ szw dyx vwsqy aus dI hvylI ƒ A`g lw idqI[ kdm-aud-dIn hvylI ivc hI sV ky mr igAw[ iek muslmwn vwsqy sV mrn qoN v`fI szw koeI nhIN ho skdI.

kpUrI ngr (2)

pMjwb dy pwxIAW ’qy fwkw mwrn qy hirAwxw nUM pwxI dyx vwsqy, pRweIm minstr ieMdrw gWDI ny swizS rcI[ 1980 ivc pMjwb ny suprIm kort ivc pMjwb dy pwxIAW dI mwlkI vwsqy kys kIqw hoieAw sI[ ieh kys XkInn pMjwb dy h`k ivc jwxw sI ikauNik rweIpyrIAn kwnUMn hyT hirAwxw dw pMjwb dy dirAwvW dy pwxIAW ’qy koeI h`k nhIN sI bxdw[

ieMdrw gWDI ny swizS hyT pwxIAW dy msly nUM suprIm kort qoN vwips lY ky swls dy hvwly krn vwsqy pMjwb dy nvyN cI& minstr drbwrw isMG (jo kWgrs pwrtI dw hI sI) qoN zbrdsqI dsq^q krvw ley Aqy ^ud swls bx bYTI[ dsµbr 1981 ivc ieµdrw ny pµjwb qy hirAwxw ivckwr pwxI dy JgVy bwry Awpxw AYNtI-pMjwb ‘swlsI &Yslw’ (AYvwrf) dy id`qw[ ieµdrw dw AYvwrf pµjwb nwl sgoN hor vI D`kw sI[ ieµdrw hirAwxy dIAW coxW ƒ m`dy-nzr rKidAW pµjwb Aqy is`KW nwl Sry-Awm D`kw kr rhI sI[ ies dy bwvjUd AkwlIAW dI ieµdrw nwl 5 ApRYl 1982 ƒ Pyr g`lbwq hoeI pr pwxIAW bwry aus dy AYvwrf qoN bwAd ieµdrw dI nIAq jg-zwihr ho cu`kI sI ies kr ky ieh glbwq PylH ho geI[

hux ieµdrw ny Awpxy D`kySwhI hukm ƒ lwgU krn vwsqy 8 ApRYl 1982 dy idn pMjwb Aqy hirAwxw dy ies srh`dI ipµf kpUrI ivc sqluj-jmnw ilµk nihr dw t`k vI lwaux dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ ies ’qy SRomxI AkwlI dl ny ies dy i^lw& muzwhrw krn dw AYlwn kIqw[ im`Qy idn 8 AprYl nUM ieµdrw ny kpUrI ipµf ivc ies nihr dw nINh-p`Qr r`iKAw[ AkwlIAW ny iesy idn nyVy dy ie`k ipµf GnOr ivc muzwhrw kIqw Aqy dmgjw mwirAw ik ‘AsIN srkwr nwl g`lbwq nhIN krWgy blik hux lVweI KyqW ivc Aqy glIAW iv`c kIqI jwvygI[’ BwvyN pulIs ny AkwlI AwgUAW ƒ kpUrI nw p`ujx id`qw pr fwktr rwijµdr kOr AYm.pI. ny kuJ hor bIbIAW nwl kpUrI ipµf pu`j ky zbrdsq muzwhrw kIqw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kpwl mocn ipMf

hirAwxw ivc, izlHw jmnw ngr ivc (jgwDrI qoN 22 iklomItr dUr), Alop ho cukI srsvqI ndI dy kMFy ’qy iek ipMf[ mhWBwrq muqwibk iek dYNq dw isr mhodr irKI dI l`q nwl cMbV igAw sI; aus ny keI qIrQW dw ck lwieAw pr aus dI l`q qoN isr nw l`Qw; A^Ir ieh isr ies kpwlmocn dy qlwA ’qy nhwaux nwl auqirAw sI[

kpwl mocn ipMf ivc imQhwsk dyviqAW iSv Aqy rwm dy mMdr bxy hoey hn[imQhws dI iek kQw muqwibk jd dyvqw bRhmw AwpxI DI ’qy hI moihq ho igAw qW iek hor dyvqy iSv ny aus dw isr v`F id`qw[ ikauN ik bRhmw bRwhmx sI ies kr ky isr v`fx dy ies pwp kwrn bRhmw dw isr iSv dy iek h`Q nwl cMbV igAw[ iSv ny aus isr nUM lwhux vwsqy swrw zor lwieAw pr auh kuJ nw kr sikAw[ auh keI qIrQW ’qy igAw Aqy A^Ir ies jgh iek qlwA ivc nhwaux nwl aus dy h`Q qoN bRhmw dw isr l`Q igAw (ies khwxI muqwibk bRhmw dw isr iSv dI qlI qoN kwSI ngr ivc nhIN blik ies jgh isr auqirAw sI)[ ies kr ky ies qlwA dw nW ‘kpwl mocn’ (kpwl= KopVI/isr, mocn= Cutkwrw hoxw) qlwA bx igAw[ ies ipMf ivc iqMn qlwA (srovr) hn[

iSv qoN mgroN pWfvW ny vI Aw ky imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw ikRSn nwl rl ky ieh nvW qlwA ‘KoijAw’ qy ies ies nUM ‘irxmocn srovr’ dw nW id`qw[ bRwhmxW dw pRcwr hY ik ies ivc nhwaux nwl irx (krizAW) qoN mocn (Cutkwrw) ho jWdw hY[

ies ipMf ivc qIjw qlwA ‘sUrjkuMf’ hY[ ies bwry pujwrIAW dw ieh pRcwr hY ik imQhwsk ihMdU rwjw-dyvqw rwm cMdr ny rwvx nUM mwrx mgroN ies jgh ’qy Aw ky bRwhmx (rwvx) nUM mwrn dw pwp Doqw sI[ ies khwxI muqwibk ikauNik rwvx bRwhmx sI, ies kr ky auh rwm qoN vD piv`qr sI (hwlW ik bhuqy ihMdU rwm nUM r`b mMndy hn; ies ihswb nwl qW bRwhmx r`b qoN vI au¤cw hY[ ieh swrIAW khwxIAW pujwrIAW ny bRwhmx, Xwin Awpxy Awp, nUM aucw drswaux vwsqy GVIAW hoeIAW hn)[ kpwlmocn ivc ihMdUAW dw bhuq v`fw mylw lgdw hY[ lok dr^qW nwl ic`tw sUqr bMnHdy hn qy Pu`lIAW cVHwauNdy hn jo mgroN pYrW ivc ruldIAW hn (vyKo: qsvIr)[ sYNkVy lok myly ivcoN jwx smyN AwpxIAW ju`qIAW C`f ky jwxw pYNdw hY[

ies kpwlmocn ipMf dw sbMD is`K qvwrI^ nwl vI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dorwn (mwrc 1508 ivc) Qwnysr (kurUkSyqr) qoN hrduAwr jWdy hoey ies jgh ruky sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI, pwaUNtw qoN c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) jWidAW, 28 AkqUbr 1688 dI rwq ies jgh ruky sn (gurU jI dy ies QW ’qy 52 jW keI idn rukx dI g`l g`p hY)[ dohW guruU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ ie`Qy iek bRwhmx ny guru goibMd isMG jI v`loN jwrI kIqw kih ky iek nklI ^q (hukmnwmw) vI r`iKAw hoieAw hY (vyKo qsvIrW:

gurduAwrw pihlI pwqSwhI

 

gurduAwrw dsvIN pwqSwhI

 

nklI hukmnwmw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kwauNky

izlHw luiDAwxw ivc jgrwEN qoN 7 iklomItr dUr, ies nW dy iqMn ipMf nwlo-nwl hn: kwauNky, Coty kwauNky qy kwauNky klW[ gurU hirgobMd swihb 1631 dy dUjy A`D ivc kwauNky klW ivc Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw hY[

ShId BweI gurdyv isMG kwENky (ShIdI pihlI jnvrI 1993) iesy ipMf dw hI rihx vwlw sI.

(qsvIr: gurduAwrw gurUsr kwauNky)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kMqngr

ibhwr sUby dy izlHw pUrnIAw ivc iek ipMf, ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn (1509 ivc) Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI pUrb PyrI dOrwn (1657-64 Aqy 1667-70 ivc iksy smyN) gey sn[ audoN ieh swrw ipMf is`KI ivc swiml ho igAw sI[

mgroN dirAw ivc Awey hVH ny ieh ipMf roVH id`qw[ ie`QoN dy is`KW ny iek nvW ipMf vsw ilAw qy aus dw nW vI kMq ngr r`K ilAw[ pr, mgroN iek hor hVH ny ieh ipMf vI roVH id`qw qy is`KW ny iek hor ipMf vsw ilAw[ ies dy Awly-duAwly dy s`q ipMfW ivc ibhwrI is`K rihMdy hn qy swirAW ipMfW ivc iek-iek gurduAwrw hY[

sB qoN vD is`K lkSmIpur (kithwr izlHw, brwVI blw`k) ivc rihMdy hn (ieh ipMf kithwr qoN 17 iklomItr dUr hY)[ hux is`KW ny eyQy ‘gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN’ bxw ilAw hY[ie`Qy aunHW kol gurU gRMQ swihb dw iek purwqn srUp qy kuJ ieiqhwsk dsqwvyz vI hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

knKl

(sMsikRq knKlm@)

1. hrduAwr Aqy ies dy Awly duAwly dIAW phwVIAW dw purwxw nW

2. hrduAwr kol (qkrIbn iqMn iklomItr dUr) iek in`kw ijhw ksbw[ imQhws muqwibk ieh dkS pRjwpqI dy X`g vwlI QW hY[ ies jgh dkSvr mhwdyv dw mShUr mMdr hY[

ieh ksbw inrmilAW dw muK kyNdr hY[ ies jgh gurU nwnk swihb (1506-07 ivc), gurU Amr dws swihb (1569 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb (julweI 1674 ivc), v`K v`K simAW ’qy gey sn[

sqIGwt ’qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kWJlw

izlHw sMgrUr dI DUrI qihsIl dw iek ipMf (sMgrUr-luiDAwxw mwrg ‘qy, sMgrUr qoN 10 qy DUrI qoN 13 iklomItr dUr)[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ies ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb, gurU hirgoibMd swihb qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb v`K-v`K simAW ivc Awey sn[ ij`Qy gurU jI ruky sn au~Qy JwVIAW dw jMgl ijhw sI[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw iJVw swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw iJVw swihb kWJlw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kWgVw

ihmWcl pRdyS ivc iek pRwcIn ngr jo kdy iek irAwsq/mulk dI rwjDwnI hoieAw krdw sI[ kdy ies irAwsq dI hkUmq kWgVw qoN mulqwn qk sI[ ieh dyvI dIAW 51 SkqIpITW ivcoN iek hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk kWgVw nUM BImkot, ngrkot, ktoc, jlMDr qy iqRgq nwvW nwl vI jwixAw jWdw irhw sI[ auh ies nUM 4300 (purwxw kwl) dI irAwsq mMndy hn[ aunHW muqwibk 3000 purwxw kwl ivc ie`QoN dy ktoc rwjy BUmIcMd ny AXuiDAw dy rwjy rwm (ihMdU dyvqw) nwl zbrdsq t`kr leI sI; Aqy 1500 purwxw kwl ivc rwjw susrm cMd (mhWBwrq kwl dy) pWfv rwijAW nwl vI lVy sn[ kWgVy dw iklHw susrm cMd hI bxwieAw sI[ aunHW dw dwAvw hY ik auh iskMdr nwl vI lVy sn[ sMn 275 purwxw kwl ivc mhwrwjw ASok ny aunHW nUM hrw ky mulqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[

ies irAwsq dI qvwrI^ 12vIN sdI qoN iml jWdI hY[ 1170 ivc kWgVw dys dy do ih`sy (kWgVw qy jsvwn) ho gey sn[ ies mgroN mihmUd ZznvI ny ienHW qoN jlMDr Koh ilAw sI[ 1405 ivc gulyr (hrIpur) ies qoN v`K ho ky Awzwd irAwsq bx igAw[ 1450 ivc gulyr ivcoN sIbw nvIN irAwsq bx geI sI[

Akbr vyly ienHW ny aus dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI sI[ 1620 qoN 1783 qk ieh irAwsq muZlW dI srpRsqI hyT rhI sI[ iesy kr ky ie`QoN dw rwjw is`KW nwl ZYrswlI vI rKdw sI[ 1687 ivc audY rwm cMd kWgVw dw rwjw sI[ rwjw audY rwm cMd (mOq 1690) dy iqMn pu`qr sn: BIm cMd, ikrpwl cMd qy iek hor sn[audY rwm cMd qoN mgroN BIm cMd 1690-97 rwjw bixAw[ (aus dw Brw kMvr ikrpwl cMd 20 &rvrI 1696 gulyr dI lVweI ivc is`KW h`QoN mirAw sI)[

BIm cMd dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr Awlm cMd 1697 ivc rwjw bixAw[ iek vwr (12 julweI 1698 dy idn) gurU goibMd isMG swihb kuJ isMGW nUM nwl lY ky nyVy dy phwVI jMgl ivc iSkwr krn gey[ ies mOky ’qy aunHw dw twkrw kWgVy dy audoN dy rwjy Awlm cMd ktoc Aqy aus dy jrnYl blIAw cMd ktoc nwl ho igAw[ ktocW v`loN gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kIqy jwx ’qy BweI audY isMG qy BweI Awlm isMG ny vI qlvwrW sUq leIAW[ dohW pwisEN zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI[ ienHW JVpW dOrwn BweI audY isMG h`QoN blIAw cMd dI iek bWh v`FI geI[ Awlm cMd ktoc vI burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[fyF swl mgroN (sMn 1700 ivc) ienHW z^mW kwrn Awlm cMd dI mOq ho geI[ Awlm cMd dy do pu`qr sn: hmIr cMd qy gMBIr cMd[ hmIr cMd ny 1700 qoN 1747 qk rwj kIqw (hmIrpur aus ny hI vswieAw sI)[ hmIr cMd ny bMdw isMG bhwdr dy i^lw& jMg ivc muZlW dw ft ky swQ id`qw sI[hmIr cMd dy iqMn pu`qr sn: ABY cMd (rwj 1747-1750), mIAW qy GmMf cMd[ ABY cMd ny ABY cMd 1747 qoN 1750 qk rwj kIqw[

aus dy mrn ’qy 1751 ivc GmMf cMd kWgVw dw rwjw bixAw[ ies ny pihlW muZlW Aqy iPr Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dI ZulwmI kbUl kr leI[Aihmd Swh ny AkqUbr 1759 ivc ies nUM jlMDr dw inzwm (nwieb sUbydwr) bxwieAw sI[ prieh is`KW qoN burI qrHW frdw sI, ies kr ky ies ny aunHW nwl t`kr nw leI[ 1774 ivc ies dI mOq hoeI[ies mgroN ies dw pu`qr qyZ cMd (jnm 1745) rwjw bixAw[

aus dI mOq bhuq CyqI ho geI Aqy 1775 ivc nwbwlg sMswr cMd (jnm 1765) rwjw bixAw[ ies ny ^ud nUM ‘nryS’ qy ‘CqrpqI’ kihxw SurU kIqw[ies dI mOq dsMbr 1823 ivc hoeI[sMswr cMd dy cwr ivAwh sn[ 1783 ivc sMswr cMd ny kn`eIAw imsl dI mdd nwl muZlW dy i^lw& bZwvq kr ky kWgVy qoN aunHW dI srdwrI ^qm kIqI sI[ ies mgroN 1806 ivc aus nUM goriKAW dy hmly dw swhmxw krnw ipAw[ hux aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN mdd mMgI[ 1809 dy Aihdnwmy muqwibk aus ny rxjIq isMG dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI[

sMswr cMd dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr Ainru`D rwjw bixAw[AinruD sukyq dy rwjy dI kuVI pRsMnw dyv dI ku`K qoN sI)[ sMswr cMd dI cOQI pqnI gulwb dwsI g`dW sI, ijs qoN do DIAW sn)[ sMn 1828 ivc jd kWgVy dw nvW rwjw Ainru`D cMd AwpxI mW qy dovW BYxW nwl &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy pu`qr inhwl isMG dy ivAwh ivc Swiml hox vwsqy AwieAw qW iDAwn isMh fogrw ny koiSS kIqI ik aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh dw ivAwh kWgVy dy rwjy AnruD cMd dI mqryeI BYx (sMswr cMd dI DI) nwl ho jwvy[ pr kWgVy dy rwjy ies fogrw prvwr nUM ‘nwjwiez’ AOlwdW mMndy sn Aqy Awpxy qoN bhuq hI nIvW smJdy sn[ pr aunHW nUM rxjIq isMG qoN fr lgdw sI[ ies kr ky is`Dw nWh krn dI bjwie kuVIAW dI mW dovW DIAW nUM nwl lY ky rxjIq isMG dy ielwky ivcoN B`j ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc clI geI[ ies g`l nUMM mW ny idl nUM lw ilAw qy auh kuJ hI idnW ivc idl dy dOry nwl mr geI[ auDr rxjIq isMG ny AinruD cMd nUM AwpxIAW BYxW moV ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ auh aunHW nUM ilAwaux dy bhwny AMgryzI ielwky v`l igAw pr muV ky nw AwieAw[ auh hrduAwr ivc irhw Aqy kuJ smW bImwr hox mgroN mr igAw[

hux rxjIq isMG ny sMswr cMd dy nwjwiez pu`qrW ivcoN iek nUM kWgVy dw rwjw bxw id`qw pr nwl hI bdlw lYx vwsqy sMswr cMd dIAW dohW DIAW (jo aus dy poqry dI aumr dIAW sn) nUM Awp (jbrI) ivAwh ilAw {mihqwb dyvI (jo rxjIq isMG dI mOq ’qy 28 jUn 1839 dy idn sqI hoeI sI) qy bMso dyvI (ijs ny 1835 ivc ^udkuSI kr leI sI)}.

1846 dI lVweI mgroN AMgryzW ny, ivc rxjIq isMG dI hkUmq ivcoN jlMDr duAwb ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies kbzy mgroN kWgVw irAwsq AMgryzW dI srdwrI hyT Aw geI[ 1947 qoN mgroN ieh pMjwb dw ih`sw bxI qy 1966 ivc ies nUM ihmWcl ivc Swiml kr id`qw igAw[

kWgVw dw iklHw

 

kWgVw dy iklHy vwlI phwVI

 

kWgVw dy iklHy dw muK duAwr

kWgVw ivc gurU nwnk swihb vI Awey sn[ auh hrIpur/gulyr qoN (39 iklomItr dUr) kWgVw pujy sn[ iek rwq rihx mgroN gurU jI kIVgrwm (hux bYjnwQ) nUM cly gey sn[ kWgVw jW bYjnwQ ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kWgV (dInw kWgV)

biTMfw izlHw dI qihsIl rwmpurw PUl dw (hux, 2100 dy krIb AwbwdI vwlw) iek in`kw ijhw ipMf (inhwlisMG vwlw qoN 16, rwmpurw PUl qoN 28 qy biTMfw qoN 55 iklomItr dUr)[ 1631 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies jgh Awey sn[1705 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI vI ies QW Awey sn[ dohW gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ktwr swihb pwqSwhI CyvIN qy dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY (ie`Qy gurU hirgoibMd jI v`loN rwey joD nUM Byt kIqI hoeI ktwr sMBwlI peI hY)[ 1705 ivc kWgV ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Awaux sbMDI idlcsp khwxI imldI hY[ pRclq khwxI muqwibk gurU jI nUM AnMdpur ivc 4 dsMbr 1705 dy idn AOrMgzyb dw iliKAw iek ^q imilAw sI ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik mYN kWgV ipMf ivc phuMcx vwlw hW qusIN vI AnMdpur KwlI kr ky au~Qy Aw jwE qy glbwq krWgy[ drAsl ieh ^q jwAlI sI Aqy ies nUM smwxy dy iek pTwx ny AOrMgzyb dy nW ’qy iliKAw sI[ jd gurU jI dInw kWgV pu`jy qW AOrMgzyb au~Qy nhIN sI[ pr gurU jI nUM Ajy vI nhIN pqw sI ik ^q jwAlI sI ies kr ky aunHW ny ie`Qy bYT ky AOrMgzyb nUM iek ^q iliKAw sI[

kuJ lok ‘z&rnwmw’ nW dI &wrsI kivqw nUM guru jI dw auh ^q kih dyNdy hn ijhVw aunHW ny AOrMgzyb nUM iliKAw sI[ drAsl ieh kivqw gurU jI dI ilKI hoeI nhIN qy bwkI dy AKOqI dsmgRMQ vWg ieh vI nklI hY[ jy mMn vI leIey ik ieh ^q auhI hY qW do svwl auTdy hn ik ieh ^q vwips ikvyN pu`j igAw jW guruU jI ny ies dI &oto kwpI jW hQ ilKq auqwrw irkwrf vjoN r`K ilAw sI (qy h`Q ilKq r`KI sI qW aus dw Asl ik`Qy hy?)[dUjw jy ieh auhI ^q huMdw qW AOrMgzyb ies nUM pVH ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr Aqy srhMd dy &Ojdwr nUM ^q ilK ky gurU jI nUM ih&wzq nwl AOrMgwbwd phuMcwaux vwsqy nw ilKdw sgoN, ijvyN aus dw suBwA sI, auh bhuq gu`sy ivc AwauNdw[

kwgV qoN do iklomItr dUr ipMf dInw (jo izlHw &rIdkot dI qihsIl inhwl isMG vwlw ivc pYNdw hY, inhwl isMG vwlw qoN 13 iklomItr dUr) qy mgroN v`isAw ipMf idAwlpurw BweIkw (ij`Qy gurduAwrw z&rnwmw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY) hn[ gurU goibMd isMG ipMf dInw ivc (jo rwey joD dy poqirAW cODrI SmIr qy lKmIr dw ipMf sI) ivc BweI dysU dy Gr Tihry sn (auQy hux gurduAwrw lohgVH swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[

hor vyKo: dInw, idAwlpurw BweIkw.

gurduAwrw ktwr swihb kWgV

 

gurU jI v`loN Byt kIqI ktwr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kMgxpur

izlHw lwhOr dI qihsIl cUxIAW dw iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb gey sn[

iek swKI muqwibk jd gurU jI ies ipMf gey qW lokW ny Tihrx nhIN id`qw qy sgoN inrwdrI kIqI[ ies ’qy gurU jI ‘vsdy rho’ kih ky ie`QoN cly gey (Xwin au~QoN dy lok eyQy hI vsdy rihx vrnw jy ikqy hor gey qW au~Qy vI Awpxw GtIAw ivhwr PYlwauxgy)[ irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI iek vx dy dr^q hyT bYTy sn auh dr^q (jW aus dI Sw^) Ajy vI mOjUd d`sI jWdI hY qy au~Qy bxy gurduAwry nUM ‘mwl jI swihb’ kihMdy hn (1947 dI vMf mgroN ieh gurduAwrw aujwV ho igAw sI)[

iek hor swKI muqwibk jd gurU jI ipMf ‘mwxk dy ky’ gey qW lokW ny aunHW nUM ipAwr nwl jI AwieAW ikhw qy au~QoN jwx smy gurU jI ny lokW nUM ‘aujV jwE’ ikhw (Xwin auh ikqy hor gey qW au~Qy vI Awpxw vDIAw ivhwr PYlwauxgy)[ iek hor swKI muqwibk ieh Gtnw Aswm dy ielwky ivc hoeI sI.

kMgxpur gurduAwrw mwl jI swihb dUr dw idRS

 

kMgxpur gurduAwrw mwl jI swihb nyVy dw idRS

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kMgmweI

izlHw huiSAwrpur ivc (huiSAwrpur qoN 17 qy dsUhw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf, ijs ivc BweI mM\ dw invws sI qy jo sKI srvr nUM C`f ky is`KI ivc Swiml hoieAw sI[ guru Arjn swihb ies ipMf Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ipMf ivc BweI mM\ dy nW dw iek culHw vI (sMgmrmr ivc jVH ky) bxwieAw hoieAw hY.

hor vyKo: mM\.

kMg mweI gurduAwrw gurU Arjn swihb

 

BweI mM\ dy nW dw culHw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

knyc

knyc luiDAwxw qoN 19 qy dorwhw qoN 6 iklomItr dUr iek in`kw ijhw ipMf hY[ gurU goibMd isMG jI 13 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwCIvwVw qoN Ajnyr jw ky Agly idn au~QoN cl ky mlkpur, l`l (hux l`l klW), ktwxI (hux ktwxI klW), rwmpur huMdy hoey dorwhw pu`jy Aqy rwq auQy srW ivc ibqweI[ ieQoN cl ky Awp 15 dsMbr dy idn knyc pu`jy [

iek mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ie`QoN dw cODrI Pqy cMd sI, jo hwjI icrwZ dIn dw murId sI[ hwjI ny cODrI nUM AwpxI GoVI mMgvIN dyx vwsqy ikhw[ zmINdwr ny gurU jI nUM pCwx ilAw sI[ aus ny bhwnw bxwieAw ik GoVI bwhr geI hoeI hY[gurU jI dy jwx mgroN aus ny vyiKAw ik auh GoVI s`p dy fMgy jwx kr ky mr geI sI[

knyc ipMf ivc guru jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw mMjI swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb knyc:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kMDwr

(&wrsI kæMdhwr, sMsikRq gWDwr) A&Zwinsqwn dw d`Kx pUrbI ielwkw[ieh ngr ArgMDwb dirAw dy d`KxI isry ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ kdy ieh ielwkw mhwrwjw ASok dI hkUmq dw ih`sw sI (aus dy smyN dy iSlwlyK A`j vI mOjUd hn)[

hux ieh A&Zwinsqwn dw iek sUbw hY[ ieh p^qUn kOm dw muK kyNdr hY[ ie`QoN dw pRmuK ngr kMDwr hY, jo A&Zwinsqwn dw kwbl qoN dUjy nMbr ’qy sB qoN v`fw ngr hY[ikhw jWdw hY ik purwny kMDwr ngr dI nIh iskMdr ny r`KI sI[ ies ivcwr muqwibk kMDwr l&z iskMdr dw ivgiVAw rUp hY[

1747 qk ieh iek Awzwd mulk sI[ 1747 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM A&Zwn mulk dI rwjDwnI bx ilAw sI[1979 ivc rUs v`loN kbzw krn mgroN ieh qwilbwn dIAW hiQAwrbMd kwrvweIAW dw muK kyNdr hY[ kMDwr dI sB qoN Aihm S^sIAq vlI kMDwrI sI, ijs dw mzwr ies Sihr dI Swn hY[ ie`QoN dy Pl, ^ws kr ky Anwr, bhuq mShUr hn (ienHW AnwrW dy dwxy moty Aqy bhuq lwl huMdy hn)[ dunIAw ivc mrIjuAwnw Aqy hSIS dI sB qoNvD pYdwvwr ies ielwky huMdI hY. (hor vyKo: hsn Abdwl).

iclzInIAw (kMDwr) ASok dw iSlwlyK

 

kMDwr dw purwnw iklHw

 

kMDwr qy ArgMDwb dirAw dw hvweI idRS

vlI kMDwrI dw mzwr

 

kMDwr ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dw mzwr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kxkvwl klW

pMjwb dy izlHw sMgrUr ivc, sunwm qoN qkrIbn 22 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf, ijs ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ie`Qy iek in`kw ijhw ‘mMjI swihb’ sI pr 1920 mgroN ie`Qy v`fI iemwrq bxw id`qI geI sI[ ies ipMf nUM ‘kxkvwl BMgUAW’ vI kihMdy hn ikauNik ie`QoN dy bhuq vsnIk BMgU j`t ibrwdrI nwl sbMDq hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kmlwhgVH

ihmWcl dI purwxI irAwsq mMfI ivc, rvwlsr qoN 73 qy mMfI qoN 80 iklomItr dUr, iek ipMf kmlwh ivc mMfI dy rwjy sUrj sYn ny 1625 dy krIb iek iklHw bxvwieAw sI[ ieh iklHw mMfI irAwsq dy 360 Coty-v`fy ikilHAW ivcoN sB qoN vD mzbUq iklHw sI[ 1830 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies irAwsq qoN Koh ky ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ 1840 ivc ies iklHy dw bhuq ih`sw qbwh ho igAw sI; mOjUdw iemwrq bwAd ivc bxweI sI[

ies iklHy ivc gurU goibMd isMG vI gey sn ies kr ky ies nUM iklHw goibMdgVH vI kihMdy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kmwlpur (pitAwlw izlHw)

pitAwlw izlHy dI qihsIl BvwnIgVH qihsIl ivc (idVHbw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf, ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn (iek hor irvwieq muqwibk gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI au~Qy gey sn)[ iek gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ’c vKrw Aqy iek iqMnW gurUAW dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

gurduAwrw nwnksr pwqSwhI pihlI

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI pihlI, CyvIN qy nOvIN

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

kmwlpur (luiDAwxw izlHw)

izlHw luiDAwxw ivc jgrwEN qoN 12 qy luiDAwxw qoN 50 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb 16 dsMbr 1705 dy idn, Gulwl-hyhr qoN lMmw j`tpurw jWdy ies jgh ruky sn[aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

ies gurduAwry dy bwhr l`gy borf ’qy bhuq Zlq jwxkwrI id`qI hoeI hY

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

klmot

bswlI qoN 24 iklomItr dUr iek phwVI ipMf

inrmohgVH ’qy Ajmyr cMd dy (8 qoN 14 AkqUbr 1700 ivckwr) lgwqwr hmilAW kwrn gurU goibMd isMG jI 15 AkqUbr dy idn rwjw slwhI cMd dI irAwsq bswlI (inrmohgVH Aqy kIrqpur qoN qkrIbn 15 iklomItr Aqy nUrpur bydI qoN qkrIbn 6 iklomItr dUr) nUM cly gey sn[

bswlI rihMidAW gurU jI 20 AkqUbr dy idn iSkwr Kyfx vwsqy nyVy dIAW phwVIAW ivc gey; ies dOrwn iek biGAwV dw ip`Cw krdy Awp bswlI qoN 24 iklomItr dUr KyVw klmot ipMf dIAW phwVIAW ivc Aw pu`jy[ eyQy klmot dy rMGVW Aqy gu`jrW ny is`KW qy hmlw kr id`qw ijs dOrwn BweI jIvn isMG (pu`qr BweI pRymw, poqw BweI mUlw, Xwin irSqy ivc auh BweI mnI isMG dw cwcw lgdw sI) mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny klmotIAW dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy[ jd aunHW dy bhuq bMdy mwry gey qW rMGVW Aqy gu`jrW ny gurU jI qoN muAw&I mMgI qy KlwsI pweI[ies mgroN is`K BweI jIvn isMG dI lwS lY ky bswlI ipMf Awey Aqy 21 AkqUbr ƒ aus dw sskwr kr id`qw [

BweI jIvn isMG sbMDI B`t vhI qlauNFw ivc hyT iliKAw izkr imldw hY:“jIvn isMG bytw pRymy kw, poqw mUly kw…. puAwr jlHwnw swl sqrW sY sqvMjw,kwrqk pRivSty aunIs, rvIvwr ky idhuM, klmot ky mlHwn pRgxw bswlI swmHy mwQy jUJ kr suAws dIey[ Awgy gurU kI giq gurU jwny, gurU Awp Bwxy kw ^wibMd[ gurU gurU jpnw[” (B`t vhI qlauNFw, prgnw jINd, Kwqw jlHwnoN kw).

gurduAwrw klmot ipMf

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

klwnOr

izlHw gurdwspur dw iek pRwcIn ngr (gurdwspur qoN 20 iklomItr dur), ij`Qy 1555 ivc muZl bwdSwh Akbr dI qwjpoSI hoeI sI (ikauNik Akbr qy aus dy jrnYlW nUM bwdSwh hmwXUM dI mOq dI ^br ie`Qy imlI sI)[ aus q^q nSInI vwlI QW nUM “Akbr dw q^q” vjoN) sMBwilAw hoieAw hY[

klwnOr ivc Akbr dw q^q vwlI QW

klwnOr aus vyly bhuq v`fw ksbw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik lwhOr qoN bwAd pMjwb dw sB qoN v`fw ngr sI[ ie`Qy 300 qoN vD msijdW sn (Aj klH aunHW ivcoN iek do hI bcIAW hoeIAW hn)[ msijdW dI igxqI qoN hI ngr dI AwbwdI dw AMdwzw lwieAw jw skdw hY[

klwnOr dI iek purwxI msijd

klwnOr bwry iek i&krw mShUr sI:“ijs ny vyiKAw nhIN lwhOr, auh vyK ley klwnOr”[ ies Sihr ivc iek Swndwr iklHw Aqy bhuq swrIAW v`fIAW-v`fIAW hvylIAW sn[

muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr vI ie`Qy AwauNdw irhw sI (auh nwl dy jMgl ivc iSkwr krn jwieAw krdw sI)[ jhWgIr 8 &rvrI 1620 dy idn vI ies ngr ivc sI[ ies idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bwdSwh jhWgIr nwl mulwkwq hoeI sI (jhWgIr ny 1613 ivc gurU jI nUM gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kYd krn mgroN AkqUbr 1619 ivc irhw kIqw sI qy ieh aunHW dI dosqwnw mulwkwq sI)[ gurU Arjn swihb nUM qsIhy idvwaux vwlw dIvwn cMdU ie`QoN dw hI rihx vwlw sI[ jhWgIr ny gurU hirgoibMd swihb nwl dosqI dw h`Q vDwaux vwsqy cMdU nUM aus dIAW krqUqW dI szw dyx vwsqy is`KW dy hvwly kr id`qw sI[

1710-11 ivc ieQoN dw &Ojdwr suhrwb ^wn sI Aqy kwƒngo iek ihMdU sMqoK rwey sI[ auh dovyN bMdw isMG dy hmly dI qwAb nw J`l sky[ sMqoK rwey dy Brw AxoK rwie ny kuJ icr bMdw isMG dw mukwblw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr iqMny burI qrHW z^mI ho ky, jwnW bcw ky, lwhOr vl n`s gey[ aunHW dI QW ’qy bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ &OjdwrI qy hor AhuidAW ’qy lw idqw[ bMdw isMG ny klwnOr ’qy kbzw krn mgroN vI iksy msijd jW iksy hor muslm Adwry ƒ koeI nukswn nhIN phMucwieAw[ aus ny iek vwr drbwr lw ky ieh spSt vI kIqw ik aus dI lVweI muslmwnW dy i^lw& nhIN blik zwlm pTwn qy muZl hwkmW dy i^lw& hY[ bMdw isMG dy ies AYlwn-nwmy ’qy Awm muslmwnW ny bVw skUn mihsUs kIqw[ ikauNik Awm AwdmI aus vyly zwlm hwkmW qoN bVw duKI sI, ies kr ky aunHW dy idl ivc bMdw isMG Aqy Kwlsw &Oj vwsqy hmdrdI qy AkIdq pYdw ho geI[ ies dy nwl hI hzwrW muslmwnW ny bMdw isMG dI &Oj ivc nOkrI krn dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw[ bMdw isMG ny &rw^idlI idKwauNidAW hoieAw muslmwnW ƒ vI &Oj ivc nOkrIAW dy idqIAW[

28 ApYrl 1711 dy idn jd bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ny rUpV nyVy sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw qW aus ƒ ihdwieq au~lw ^wn ny bMdw isMG bwry, BgvqI dws hrkwry dI, irport pyS kridAW disAw ik:

nwnk pUj (bMdw isMG) dw fyrw 19 qwrI^ (26 AprYl 1711) qk klwnOr dy ksby ivc sI[ aus ny bcn id`qw hY qy iekrwr kIqw hY ik auh muslmwnW ƒ koeI qklI& nhIN dyvygw[ cunWic ijhVw koeI vI muslmwn aus v`l rujU huMdw (nwl jw imldw) hY auh aus dI idhwVI Aqy qn^wh nIAq kr ky aus dw i^Awl vI rKdw hyY[ aus ny aunHW ƒ ^uqbw Aqy nmwz dI iejwzq vI idqI hoeI hY[ cunWic pMj hzwr muslmwn aus bwZI is`K AwgU kol nOkr ho gey hn[ Azwn qy nmwz dI iejwzq mgroN muslmwn ienHW bwZIAW dI &OjW ivc skUn mihsUs kr rhy hn[

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)