Archives: Gurdwaras and Cities Punjabi

nwlwgVH

 ihmWcl dI iek irAwsq ijs dw pihlw nW hMfUr sI[ jhWgIr ny ie`QoN dy rwjy hmIr cMd nUM Kusro dw swQ dyx dy bdly gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kæYd kIqw hoieAw sI[ aus nUM gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI is&wirS ’qy gurU jI dy nwl hI AkqUbr 1619 ivc irhw kIqw sI[ ies mgroN auh gurU jI nUM imlx gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) jWdw rihMdw sI[ meI 1635 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb kIrqpur ivc rihx lg pey sn[ jUn 1635 ivc  ropV dy nvwb nwsr AlI ^wn ny rwjw hmIr cMd nUM hMfUr irAwsq dw srsw ndI dy pwr dw ielwkw (jo ropV vwly pwsy sI) Koh ilAw sI Aqy nwl hI DmkI id`qI sI ik jy aus ny vDwieAw hoieAw mwlIAw nw qwirAw qW auh aus ’qy hmlw kr dyvygw[ hMfUr cMd Awpxy vzIr Drm cMd nUM lY ky gurU swihb kol Arz krn Aw pu`jw sI[ gurU swihb ny aus dI mdd krn vwsqy Awpxy byty (bwbw) gurid`qw dI AgvweI ivc 100 is`KW dw j`Qw Byj idqw sI[ pihlI julweI 1635 dy idn nMgl gujrW (hux nMgl srsw) ipMf ivc hoeI lVweI ivc ropV dIAW &OjW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw sI[ ies ’qy ropV dy nvwb ny kotlw Sms ^wn (hux kotlw inhMg ^wn) dy mwilk Sms ^wn rwhIN gurU swihb dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI ’qy aus ny gurU swihb nUM Awpxy mihl ivc dwAvq ’qy bulwieAw sI[ gurU swihb 18 julweI 1635 dy idn ropV pu`jy sn qy iek rwq auh nvwb dy mihl ivc mihmwn bx ky rhy sn[ 19 qy 20 qwrI^ nUM gurU swihb kotlw Sms ^wn ivc ^wn dy Gr ivc rhy sn[ ies mgroN jd qk gurU swihb kIrqpur swihb ivc rhy sn iksy vI muZl ny iksy vI phwVI irAwsq ’qy hmlw krn dI koiSS nhIN kIqI sI[ sMn 1701 ivc rwjw Drm cMd dI mOq qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr ihMmq cMd rwjw bixAw sI[ ieh iblwspur dy Ajmyr cMd nwl rl igAw sI Aqy ieh vI is`KW ’qy hmly krdw rihMdw sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdur vyly ies ny iPr is`KW dI eIn mMn leI sI[ sMn 1846 qoN mgroN ieh irAwsq AMgryzW dI v&wdwr rhI sI[ sMn 1948 ivc jdoN swrIAW irAwsqW ^qm kIqIAW geIAW sn qW ieh CotI ijhI irAwsq vI nvyN sUby pYpsU dw ih`sw bxI sI[ sMn 1956 ivc ies sUby nUM vI pMjwb ivc Swiml kr id`qw igAw sI[ aus vyly ie`QoN dw rwjw suryNdr isMh sI[  pitAwlw dy rwjy XwdivMdr isMG ny AwpxI BYx XdunMdn kumwrI (puqrI rwjw BUipMdrw isMG) dw ivAwh  sMn 1944 ivc ies irAwsq dy ies rwjy nwl kIqw sI.

 

nwlwgVH Sihr dw iklHy qoN iek idRS

nwhn

 

ihmWcl dw iek purwxw ngr (pwaUNtw qoN 45, kwlw AMb qoN 17 iklomItr dUr), jo kdy isrmOr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI huMdI sI [ieh ngr ies irAwsq dy rwjw krm pRkwS ny sMn 1621 ivc vswieAw sI[ BweI mUlw (pVdwdw BweI mnI isMG Aqy ipqw BweI b`lU) mulqwn irAwsq ivc jwx qoN pihlW kuJ swl ies ngr ivc rhy sn[  28 mwrc 1685 dy idn nwhn dy rwjy mydnI pRkwS dw vzIr AnMdpur AwieAw sI qy gurU jI nUM rwjy v`loN nwhn Awaux dw s`dw id`qw sI[  gurU jI 13 ApRYl 1685 dy idn nwhn pu`jy sn Aqy kuJ idn rwjy dy mihl ivc rhy sn[ ies mgroN gurU jI ny jmnw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy pwaUNtw ngr vswieAw sI[ nwhn ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwrw pryf grwaUNf dy nyVy hY.

nwhn dy iklHy dI dUr qoN qsvIr (sMn 1850)

 

nwhn ngr dw iek idRS

gurduAwrw dsmyS AsQwn

nwhn gurduAwrw dUr dw idRS

 

nwgrw

 izlHw sunwm qihsIl ivc iek ipMf(sMgrUr qoN 16 qy sunwm qoN 18 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb qy qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw Akwl buMgw pwqSwhI CyvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry dw pRbMD inhMgW dy bu`Fw dl kol hY.

ngwlI

 kSmIr ivc puxC ngr dy nyVy iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb Awpxy kSmIr dOry dOrwn gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd gurduAwrw nMgwlI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies dI pihlI iemwrq sMn ivc 1803 rocw isMG ny bxweI sI[ sMn 1814 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG au~QoN lMiGAw sI[ aus ny ies gurduAwry dy nW bhuq swrI zmIn luAw id`qI sI qy nvIN iemwrq bxwaux vwsqy pYsy vI id`qy sn[ sMn  1947 ivc kbwielI muslmwnW ny ies iemwrq nU qbwh kr id`qw sI; mgroN sMgqW ny ies dI nvI iemwrq bxw leI sI.

nMgwlI gurduAwrw (nyVy dw idRS)

 

nMgwlI gurduAwrw (dUr dw idRS)

ndOx

ihmWcl dy izlHw hmIrpur ivc ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ’qy iek ngr (hmIrpur qoN 28 Aqy jvwlwmuKI qoN 12 iklomItr dUr)[ ies jgh 20 mwrc 1691 dy idn muZl &OjW Aqy ndOx dy rwjy dIAW &OjW ivc lVweI hoeI sI[ lwhOr dy sUbydwr v`loN Al& ^wn dI AgvweI ’c ByjI &Oj ny phwVI rwijAW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ lwhOr dIAW &OjW kWgVy vwly pwsy v`l vD rhIAW sn[ ies mOky ’qy phwVI rwijAW ny rwjw BIm cMd rwhIN gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ Arz kr ky muZlW dy hmly dy i^lw& mdd mMgI sI[ gurU swihb ny dIvwn nMd cMd sMGw, Drm cMd (isMG) iCbr, BweI mnI rwm (isMG), BweI Awlm cMd (isMG) ‘n`cxw’ Aqy hor jrnYlW dI AgvweI ivc &Oj ƒ ndOx v`l kUc krn dw hukm id`qw sI[ AnMdgVH qoN cl ky is`K &OjW dw j`Qw ndOx jw pu`jw sI[ 20 mwrc 1691 dy idn bVI zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI[ Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy sB qoN qwkqvr j`Qy dy i^lw&, is`K jrnYl f`t ky lVy sn[ dohW pwisAW qoN bhwdrW ny ^Ub jOhr idKwey sn[ Drm cMd, mnI rwm, mUl cMd kMboj, sohn cMd prmwr vrgy is`K jrnYlW dy qIrW dI vwCV ny Al& ^wn dI &Oj dy hOsly Fwh id`qy sn[ sUrj Cup jwx mgroN Al& ^wn dI &Oj ip`Cy v`l B`jxI SurU ho geI sI[ phwVI &OjW ny Al& ^wn dI B`jI jWdI &Oj dw dUr qk ip`Cw kIqw sI[ ndOx dI lVweI ivc BweI sohn cMd (Brw mnI isMG), BweI mUl cMd (pu`qr BweI rGupiq rwie in`Jr) Aqy kuJ hor is`K mwry gey sn[

ies sbMDI B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY:“sohn cMd bytw mweIdws kw poqw b`lU kw pVpoqw mUly kw, puAwr, swl sqrW sY sYNqwlIs, cyq pRivSty bweIs, gurUvwr ky idhuM, gurU kw bcn pwie ndaun ky mlhwn, swmy mwQy jUJ kr mrw [ gYl mUlcMd bytw rGupiq rwie kw, in`Jr goqr kMboj, bwsI Kymkrn, prgnw ksUr, jUJ kr mrw[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr blauNqo kw).

     gurU swihb s`q idn ndOx dy rwj mihl ivc rhy sn qy ATvyN idn AnMdpur v`l c`l pey sn[ mgroN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurdvwrw bxw id`qw sI, jo sMn 1935 qoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRbMD hyT hY.

ndOx gurduAwrw dI DMnw isMG sweIkl XwqrU dI 18 jUn 1933 dI iK`cI hoeI qsvIr

 

ndOx gurduAwrw dI sMn 2020 dI qsvIr

 

 

ndOx dy iklHy dIAW inSwnIAW

nVwlI

izlHw rwvlipMfI dI gujr^wn qihsIl ivc iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb kSmIr qoN vwpsI smyN mnSyrw qoN huMdy hoey ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc bhuq v`fw ‘gurduAwrw siqgurU hirgoibMd swihb’ bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI iek srovr vI sI[ kdy ies dw nW ‘qpy hrbMs dw gurduAwrw’ vjoN vI jwixAw jWdw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc is`KW nUM ieh gurduAwrw C`fxw ipAw sI.

 

nVwlI gurduAwrw dI ivSwl iemwrq dI DMnw isMG dI iK`cI hoeI 21 nvMbr 1933 dI  qsvIr

 

nVwlI gurduAwrw dI bcI-KucI iemwrq
sMn 2020 dI qsvIr:

nwFw/ nwFw swihb

 hirAwxw dy izlHw pMckUlw ivc (cMfIgVH qoN 12, pMckUlw qoN 3, zIrkpur qoN 9 iklomItr dUr), G`gr hwkrw dy kMFy ’qy, iek it`by ’qy v`isAw iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI nvMbr 1688 dy SurU ivc, FkOlI qoN mnImwjrw jWdy ruky sn[ iek pRcilq khwxI muqwibk ies QW ’qy BweI nwFU Swh (jo BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw nwl sbMDq sI) nW dy iek bMdy ny gurU jI Aqy aunHW dy nwl jw rhy bhuq swry is`KW dI lMgr pwxI nwl syvw kIqI sI Aqy ieh ipMf ausy dy nW ’qy vs igAw sI[ sMn 1980 qk ieh iek inkw ijhw gurduAwrw sI, pr mgroN prcwr SurU ho igAw ik au~Qy jwx vwilAW dIAW ‘murwdW pUrIAW huMdIAW hn’; Aqy ieM\ ieh gurduAwrw bhuq mShUr ho igAw sI Aqy Byf-cwl ivc BIVW AwauxIAW SurU ho geIAW sn Aqy gurduAwry dI iemwrq vI idn-b-idn v`fI bxdI geI sI[ ^Yr, ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik ieh gurduAwrw ieiqhwsk hY.

nwBw swihb gurduAwrw

‘gurduAwrw nwBw swihb’ zIrkpur-pitAwlw mwrg ’qy, (cMfIgVH qoN 15 iklomItr dUr), gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI vyly ie`QoN lMGy sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI vI iek vwr ie`QoN lMG ky gey sn[ ieh gurduArww mohwlI izlHw ivc pYNdw hY.

nwBw Sihr

 iksy vyly iek irAwsq dI rwjDwnI nwBw (pitAwlw qoN 23 iklomItr dUr) hux iek izlHw vI nhIN hY[ nwBw Sihr ivc muK cwr ieiqhwsk QWvW sn (hux ienHW ivcoN iqMn rih geIAW hn):

 

1. purwxw iklHw mubwrk (ijs ivc hux srkwrI d&qr bxy hoey hn), auN\ ies dI hwlq hux Ksqw ijhI ho cukI hY:

   

2. hIrw mihl (ijhVw mhwrwjw hIrw isMG ny bxvwieAw sI qy hux aujwV ipAw hY)

 

3. fyrw bwbw Ajwpwl isMG

 

4. gurduAwrw isropwE swihb (jo iklHy dyy p`Cm dy burj ivc sI; pr hux ^qm ho cukw hY)[ ies gurduAwry ivc bhuq swrIAW XwdgwrI cIzW peIAW sn: (a) iek colw: ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh gurU goibMd isMG jI ny iqlok isMG rwm isMG nUM hukmnwmy dy nwl ByijAw sI[ ies dy bwhr rySmI DwrIdwr Aqy AMdr mlwgIrI rySmI kpVw l`gw hoieAw hY (A) hukmnwmw: jo gurU goibMd isMG jI ny iqlok isMG rwm isMG nUM ByijAw sI[ ies dw Asl pitAwlw ivc hY; ieh aus dI nkl hY (e) korVw: jo gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw d`isAw jWdw hY (ies dI fMfI bYNq dI hY) (s) qyZw: jo gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw d`isAw jWdw hY (h) qlvwr: jo gurU goibMd isMG jI ny iqlok isMG nUM 29 mwrc 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo ivc b^iSS kIqI sI (k) qlvwr gurU goibMd isMG jI dI: jo bfru`KW ivc peI hoeI sI Aqy mhwrwjw hIrw isMG q^q ’qy bYTx l`igAW Awpxy nwl lY ky AwieAw sI[ ies ’qy iliKAw hY: “gurU goibMd isMG jI ky kmr dI qlvwr hYgI, bDy dyg qy, Xw qyg qy”; Aqy kbzy ’qy iliKAw hY: “gurU nwnk srb is`KW nUM shwie” (K) ^Mjr: gurU goibMd isMG jI dw, jo auh CotI aumr ivc kmr ivc sjwieAw krdy sn; ies ’qy iliKAw hY “sMmq 1741 siq sRI Akwl purK jI shwie”[ ieh XkInn bhuq mgroN iliKAw igAw hovygw ikauNik gurU swihb dy smyN ivc, sMmq 1741 (sMn 1684) ivc ‘siq sRI Akwl’ Sbd dI vrqN nhIN huMdI sI (g) iek qlvwr: ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ny ieh rwie klHw nUM b^iSS kIqI sI; Aqy aus dy vwirsW ny nwBw dy rwjy jsvMq isMG nUM Byt kr id`qI sI (qy ies bdly ivc ‘eInwm’ hwisl kIqw sI); ies ’qy AMgRyzI ivc Genoa iliKAw hoieAw hY (Xwin ieh ietlI dy ies ngr dI bxI qlvwr hY) (G) gurU goibMd isMG jI dI dsqwr: jo aunHW ny sFOry dy pIr bu`DU Swh nUM Byt kIqI sI (|) kMGw: ijs ivc kuJ vwhy hoey kys vI hn; ies bwry vI dwAvw kIqw jWdw hy ik gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ieh bu`DU Swh nUM audoN Byt kIqw sI jdoN auh kys vwh rhy sn (c) iek CotI krd (ikRpwn), jo swFy iqMn ieMc lMmI hY (C) iek hukmnwmw: jo gurU goibMd isMG jI  jI ny pIr bu`DU Swh nUM ByijAw sI {ieh cwry cIzW bu`DU Swh dy vwirsW ny nwBw dy rwjy BrpUr isMG nUM Byt kr id`qIAW sn Aqy ies dy bdly ivc ‘eInwm’ hwisl kIqw sI)} ieh swrIAW cIzW ies gurduAwry ivc peIAW huMdIAW sn[ hux ieh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY Aqy ieh swrIAW cIzW AnMdpur swihb dy id`qIAW geIAW sn.

JMfw swihb gurduAwrw

1. izlHw kpUrQlw dI PgvwVw qihsIl dy ipMf c`k pRymw dy bwhr iek gurduAwrw[ gurU hr rwie swihb iek vwr krqwrpur qoN brwsqw PgvwVw kIrqpur jwx smyN ies QW ’qy ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ieh gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI:

 

2. kurwlI qoN 4 Aqy mohwlI qoN 9 iklomItr dUr, pifAwlw ivc gurduAwrw JMfw swihb aus Gtnw nwl sbMDq hY jdoN gurU hirgoibMd swihb kIrqpur jwx vwsqy aus rsqy qoN lMGx vwly sn qW pTwxW nUM pqw lg igAw sI qy aunHW ny gurU jI nUM Gyrn dI Xojnw bxweI sI[ jd nMgl (hux nMgl isMGW) dy is`KW nUM ies Xojnw dw pqw lgw qW auh au~Qy Aw gey[ auh pTwxW nwl audoN qk lVdy rhy jd qk gurU jI auQoN mih&Uz inkl nhIN gey[ au~QoN jd gurU jI bRwhmx mwjrw pu`jy qW aunHW ny iek bRwhmx dI DI dw folw muZlW qoN bcwieAw qy lutyrw &Oj dw dUr qk ip`Cw kIqw[ (nMgl dy is`KW dw kihxw hY ik aunHW dy v`fy-vfyry sMn 1632 qoN ies ipMf ivc rih rhy hn)[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ieh gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

JorV rohI

JorV rohI srsw izlHw ivc (srsw qoN 31 iklomItr dUr Aqy bVw Gu`dw rylvy stySn qoN 6 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf hY[ gurU goibMd isMG jI 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo qoN isrsw jWidAW ie`Qy ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr pwqSwhI dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY:

JUlxy mihl

 gurdwspur ivc iek au~cI iemwrq[ ies bwry mShUr kIqw hoieAw sI ik ies ’qy bYTx nwl ies dIAW dIvwrW ihldIAW hn[ ieh iemwrq BweI goNdw dy poqy dIp cMd dw Gr sI, ijs nUM au~cI iemwrq hox kr ky JUlxw mihl ikhw jWdw sI[ dIvwrW ih`lx dI g`l AqkQnI sI[ irvwieq muqwibk ies QW iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb BweI goNdw dy Gr Awey sn.

 

gurduAwry dI 19 meI 1933 dI DMnw isMG sweIkl XwqrU dI iK`cI qsvIr

JIvrhyVI

izlHw Xmunw ngr ivc Xmunw dirAw dy kMFy iek ipMf, ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw QVHw swihb pwqSwhI nOvIN’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ iek klipq khwxI muqwibk ie`Qy phuMc ky gurU jI iek su`ky ip`pl hyT bYTy sn[ jd pMfq iBKwrI dws ny aunHW nUM vyiKAw qW aus ny ikhw ik qusIN dUjy pwsy bYT jwE, ies dI CW nhIN huMdI[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny vr id`qw ieh ip`pl hmySw hirAw BirAw rhygw; Aqy nwl hI aunHW ny Sbd piVHAw “sUky hry kIey iKn mwih”[ iehI pMfq Agly idn hrduAwr jw irhw sI qW gurU jI ny aus nUM KVwvW Aqy gVvw id`qw qy ikhw gMgw dirAw nUM Byt kr dyxw[ vwips Aw ky pMfq ny KUh ivcoN pwxI k`iFAw qW auh dovy cIzW ivcoN inkl AweIAW[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw gMgw BytwvW lYx vwsqy ^ud ie`Qy Aw geI sI (hwlW ik pMfq auh dovyN cIzW gMgw dI Byt kr AwieAw sI; so gMgw lYx nhIN dyx AweI kihxw cwhIdw sI)[ ies g`p qoN ielwvw  iek hor g`p ieh vI jVI hoeI hY ik ijhVI bIbI m`isAw dy idn ie`Qy ieSnwn krygI aus nUM pu`qr  dI dwq  pRwpq hovygI[ ieh gurduAwrw SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRbMD hyT sI[ jd hirAwxw gurduAwrw kmytI bxI qW 7 Agsq 2014 dy idn hirAwxw is`K gurduAwrw kmytI ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI:

gurduAwrw QVHw swihb JIvr hyVI

iJVw swihb gurduAwrw

 

iJVw swihb kWJlw (sMgrUr qoN 18 qy DUrI qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) ivc iqMn gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw gurduAwrw hY[ ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn sunwm qoN Awey sn Aqy BweI hzwry dy KUh ’qy ruky sn qy pujwrIAW nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI)[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ie`Qy frolI BweI qoN Awey sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies QW ’qy AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn Awey sn[ iek klipq khwxI muqwibk gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny iek kohVI dw kohV dUr kIqw sI[ AijhIAW klipq khwxIAW bhuq swry gurduAwirAW dy bwhr l`gy q^iqAW ’qy ilKIAW iml jWdIAW hn:

 

gurduAwrw iJVw swihb kWJlw

JwVI swihb gurduAwrw

 ksUr-kwdIivMf mwrg ’qy (kwdIivMf qoN iek iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf, ij`Qy iek vwr gurU Amr dws jI ksUr jWidAW ruky sn)[ ij`Qy gurU jI ruky sn auQy JwVIAW dw smUh sI, ies kr ky gurduAwry dw nW JwVI swihb jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ ieh zmIn ksUr izlHy dy ipMf qVgy ivc pYNdI hY[ ieh Bwrq dI srhd qoN svw ku iklomItr dUr pihlW ieh bhuq ^UbsUrq gurduAwrw sI; ies dy nwl FweI GumW zmIn vI sI[ ie`Qy auh ibrC vI mOjUd sn, ijnHW nwl gurU jI ny GoVI bMnHI sI[ hux ies iemwrq dw zrw-ku ih`sw hI bicAw hY:

JwV swihb gurduAwrw

 

ies nW dy cwr gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ ieh nW ies kr ky pY gey sn ikauNik gurU jI ijnHW QWvW ’qy ruky sn au~Qy JwVIAW sn:

1. gurduAwrw JwV swihb kYroN ipMf (Kymkrn qoN 10 iklomItr dUr)[ iek khwxI muqwibk gurU hirgoibMd swihb ksUr qoN ie`Qy pu`jy sn[ khwxI muqwibk ie`Qy aunHW ny iek Syr nUM mwirAw sI. 

2. ipMf vW (izlHw qrnqwrn) dy bwhr vwr iek gurduAwrw jo gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ audoN ieh ielwkw jMgl sI[ gurU jI ny iek krIr dy dr^q nwl GoVw bMinHAw sI. 

3. ipMf Kymkrn (pihlW izlHw lwhOr, 1947 qoN mgroN qrnqwrn) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw[ gurU jI ie`Qy minhwlw ipMf qoN Awey sn:

 

4. izlHw luiDAwxw ivc (cmkOr qoN mwCIvwVw dy rwh ivc) ipMf cUhVpur ivc (mwCIvwVw qoN 11, cmkOr qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) iek gurduAwrw[ gurU jI cmkOr qoN mwCIvwVw jWidAW iek v`fy JwV kol ruky sn qy kuJ pl Awrwm kIqw sI[ ie`Qy hux v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY:

 

JWsI

id`lI qoN 415 qy gvwlIAr qoN 99 iklomItr dUr, pwhuj Aqy bytvw dirAwvW dy ivckwr v`isAw iek ngr, ijs nUM ErCw dy rwjy bIr isMh ny sMn 1613 ivc vswieAw sI[ aus ny ies dw nW blvMqngr r`iKAw sI[  kdy ieh buMdylKMf dw ih`sw huMdw sI[ pihlW mrh`itAW ny ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw krI r`iKAw sI[sMn 1817 qoN sMn 1854 qk ies ’qy gurjwr kOm dy rwijAW dI hkUmq rhI sI[ sMn 1853 ivc ie`QoN dw rwjw mrn ’qy eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ny dmodr rwE dw h`k pRvwn nhIN kIqw sI Aqy ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ pr , Zdr dy smyN ivc rwxI lkSmI bweI (19.11.1828- 18.6.1858) jUn 1857 qoN jUn 1858 qk ies ’qy hkUmq krdI rhI sI[

     rwxI lkSmI bweI dw jnm vwrwnsI dy iek mrh`tw bRwhmx pirvwr ivc hoieAw sI[ ies dw nW mnIkrinkw qMby r`iKAw igAw sI; pr swry mnU kih ky bulwauNdy sn[ meI 1842 ivc ies dw ivAwh JWsI dy rwjy gMgwDr nyvwlkr nwl hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN ies dw nW lkSmI bweI r`iKAw igAw sI[ ies dy Gr iek b`cw (dmodr rwE) hoieAw sI jo cwr mhIny dw ho ky mr igAw sI[ mhwrwjy ny AnMd rwE nW dw iek BqIjy nUM muqbMnw bxw ilAw sI qy aus dw nW dmodr rwE r`K id`qw sI[ iesy smyN (nvMbr 1853 ivc) rwjw gMgwDr dI mOq ho geI sI[ lwrf flhOzI ny muqbMny b`cy nUM mMnx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw sI Aqy irAwsq nUM AMgryzI rwj dw ih`sw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ pihlW qW rwxI ny JWsI dw kbzw C`fx qoN nWh kr idqI sI; pr AMgryzW ny aus nUM 60 hzwr swlwnw dI pYnSn dy ky JWsI C`f dyx vwsqy ikhw qW auh mMn geI sI[ auDr 10 meI 1857 dy idn myrT ivc Zdr SurU ho igAw[ ies vyly qk lkSmI bweI AMgryzW dy i^lw& bZwvq krn dy h`k ivc nhIN sI[ auh AMgryzW dy mwqihq vjoN JWsI ’qy rwj krdI rhI sI[ jnvrI 1858 ivc AMgryzW ny ies iklHy dw kbzw lYxw cwihAw qW lokW ny aunHW dw ivroD kIqw sI qW rwxI aunHW dy nwl rl geI sI[ AMgryzW ny 23 mrc dy idn JWsI nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ ies smyN rwxI dI mdd krn vwsqy qWqIAw topy dI 20 hzwr &Oj JWsI Aw geI sI; pr AMgryzW kol qwkq izAwdw sI[ ies smyN iek idn rwxI b`cy nUM ip`T ’qy bMnH ky GoVy ’qy cVH ky iklHy dI kMD t`p geI[ aus dw GoVw mr igAw sI pr auh bc geI sI[

JWsI iklHy dI sMn 1900 ivc leI geI qsvIr

 

      ies mgroN rwxI ny kwlpI dw iklHw kbzy ivc kr ilAw sI[ 22 meI nUM AMgryzI &OjW ny kwlpI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ rwxI iek vwr iPr inkl geI sI qy gvwlIAr pu`j geI sI[ gvwlIAr iklHy qy kbzw kr ky bwZIAW ny nwnw jI nUM pySvw AYlwn id`qw sI[ 17 jUn 1858 dy idn AMgryzI &OjW ny gvwlIAr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ rwxI mrdwny kpVy pw ky GoVy ’qy svwr ho ky mYdwn ivc AweI sI[ auh burI qrHW z^mI ho geI sI qy kuJ smyN mgroN mr geI sI[ aus dI lwS nUM gvwlIAr ivc iek c`twn dy nyVy iemlI dy dr^q hyTW zmIn ivc dbwieAw igAw sI ij`Qy aus dw buq l`gw hoieAw hY.

gvwlIAr ’c rwxI JWsI dI smwDI ’qy l`gw buq

JMfw qy JMfw rmdws

 

bwbw bu`Fw dw pVpoqw BweI JMfw (sMn 1580-1661) gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dw iek pRmuK is`K sI[ ‘dibsqwny mzwihb’ dw lyKk maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI AwpxI ikqwb ivc ies dw izkr kridAW ilKdw hY ik ieh gurU swihb dw hr hukm isr-m`Qy mMndw huMdw sI[ iek vwr ieh gurU jI dy nwl jw irhw sI ik gurU jI ny aus nUM ikhw ik ie`Qy ruko; Aqy ieh kih ky gurU jI A`gy inkl gey Aqy au~QoN auh dUjy rsqy qoN Gr nUM cly gey sn[ BweI JMfw au~Qy hI KVHw irhw sI[ ieM\ iqMn idn bIq gey[ jd gurU jI nUM iksy ny aus dy aus QW ’qy KVHy hox bwry d`isAw qW gurU jI ny aus nUM bulwieAw Aqy aus dI SrDw dI pRsMsw kIqI sI[ bwbw bu`Fw dI mOq mgroN aus dw ieh poqw gurU drbwr ivc ies prvwr dy numwieMdy vjoN hwizr huMdw irhw sI[ BweI JMfw dI mOq sMn 1661 ivc hoeI sI[ aus dy sskwr smyN gurU hir rwie swihb Awp mOjUd sn[

     ipMf JMfw rmdws (AMimRqsr qoN 45 iklomItr dUr, fyrw bwbw nwnk mwrg ’qy) bwbw bu`Fw ny Awpxy ies poqy dy nW ’qy hI vswieAw sI[ bwbw bu`Fw ny AwpxI izMdgI dy Aw^rI  21 swlW ie`Qy ibqwey sn[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb (sMn 1631 ivc) Aqy gurU hir rwie swihb (sMn 1661 ivc) ie`Qy Awey sn[ bwbw bu`Fw ny Aw^rI swh 16 nvMbr 1631 dy idn ie`Qy hI ley sn (iek QW ieh qwrI^ 8 sqMbr 1631 vI ilKI hoeI hY)[ bwbw bu`Fw dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw qp AsQwn bwbw bu`Fw bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

JMfw klW

izlHw mwnsw ivc (srdUlgVH qoN 7 Aqy srsw qoN 23 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG jI 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx nUM jwx smyN srsw qoN pihlW ies QW ’qy ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

JMfw buMgw

 

drbwr swihb ivc drSnI ifauFI Aqy QVHw swihb dy ivckwr ij`Qy do JMfy nzr AwauNdy hn; ie`Qy 1780ivAW ivc bRhm bUtw AKwVy vwly audwsI swD dw buMgw (invws sQwn) sI[ aus ny sMn 1775 ivc iek dr^q dw v`fw swrw qxw ilAw ky aus au~qy Bgvw JMfw lw ky KVHw kr ilAw sI[ iesy kr ky audwsIAW dy ies buMgy nUM ‘JMfw buMgw’ ikhw jWdw sI[ sMn 1841 ivc J`KV nwl ieh JMfw tut ky ifg ipAw sI[ buMgy vwilAW ny ieh tu`tw JMfw srovr dy pul dy nyVy rK id`qw[ iek idn mhwrwjw Syr isMG (iek irvwieq muqwibk nOinhwl isMG) drbwr swihb AwieAw sI[ aus ny audwsIAW dy buMgy dw JMfw ifigAw hoieAw vyiKAW qW aus ny buMgy vwilAW nUM iek nvW lohy dw JMfw bxvw ky ie`Qy luAw id`qw sI[kuJ smyN vwsqy dysw isMG mjIiTAw jo AMimRqsr dw nwzm sI, ny iek hor JMfw KVHw kr id`qw sI[ dovyN JMfy Bgvy rMg dy sn[ inrmilAW ny ienHW lohy dy JMifAW au~qy qWby dy sunihrI pqry cVHw id`qy sn[ hOlI-hOlI inrmly pujwrIAW ny ienHW dw rMg pIlw qy iPr kysrI kr id`qw sI[ kysrI rMg rwjpUqW dw hY is`KW dw nhIN[ sMn 1920 ivc jdoN AkwlIAW ny drbwr swihb dw kbzw ilAw qW aunHW ny audwsIAW dy Bgvy qy kysrI JMifAW nUM mIrI pIrI dy JMfy kih ky is`KW dy JMfy AYlwn kr id`qw sI; hwlW ik is`KW dw JMfw surmeI (nIly) rMg dw sI; ieh kdy vI Bgvw jW kysrI nhIN irhw sI[ hux drbwr swihb ivc jo do JMfy KVHy hn auh audwsIAW qy rwjpUqW dy JMfy hn, is`KW dy nhIN hn[bwAd ivc JMfw buMgw dI iemwrq nUM Fwh ky drbwr swihb dw ih`sw bxw ilAw igAw sI[ hux ies QW ’qy Akwl buMgy dy pujwrIAW ny Awpxw d&qr bxwieAw hoieAw hY.

sMn 1920 ivc ‘JMfw buMgw’ iemwrq dw kuJ ih`sw Aqy bwhr l`gy audwsIAW dy do JMfy ijnHW nUM is`KW ny bysmJI ivc Awpxy JMfy bxw ilAw sI

Jbwl klW

cOpwl/cbwl/Jbwl izlHw qrnqwrn ivc (AMimRqsr qoN 22 qy qrnqwrn qoN 15 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf hY[ ieh ipMf Jbwl Kurd, T`TI, lwlU GuMMmx, mMnn, pMjvV ipMfW ivc iGirAw goieAw hY[ ieh iF`loN goq dy lokW dw ipMf hY[ muZl bwdSwh Akbr qy jhWgIr dy kwl ivc ie`QoN dw cODrI lMgwh sI[ auh Aqy aus Brw pyro Swh (pu`qr AbU AlI KYr) rwjpUqW qoN muslmwn bxy sn[ pihlW ieh sKI srvr dy cyly sn; gurU Arjn swihb dy smyN ieh is`KI ivc Aw gey sn[ lMgwh 84 ipMfW dw cODrI sI[ ies dw prgxw p`tI  sI[ 14 ApRYl 1634 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI bIbI vIro dw ivAwh ie`Qy hoieAw sI[ BweI pyro dI poqI mweI Bwgo (Bwg kOr) Aqy Bwg isMG qy gMfw isMG Awid (jo 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mukqsr ivc ShId hoey sn) iesy ipMf dy sn (vyKo: iKdrwxy dI Fwb)[ s. krm isMG ihstorIAn vI ie`QoN dw jMmpl sI (vyKo: krm isMG ihstorIAn )[ sMn 1920 qoN 1926 qk dI AkwlI lihr dy AwgU srmuK isMG, Amr isMG, jsvMq isMG (iqMny s`ky Brw) iesy ipMf dy sn; mgroN iqMny kWgrs pwrtI dy v&wdr bx gey sn[ Jbwl ivc do qvwrI^I gurduAwry hn: bIbI vIro dw (ie`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI bytI vIro dw ivAwh hoieAw sI) qy mweI Bwgo dw[ ie`Qy purwxy simAW dy qih^wny vI hn[ ies ipMf ivc jhWgIr dy smyN dy do kos mInwr vI mOjUd hn: iek ipMf dy AMdr qy iek bwhrvwr hY.

 

gurduAwrw bIbI vIro

 

gurduAwrw mweI Bwgo

 

Jbwl dw ipMf dy AMdr vwlw kos mInwr

 

Jbwl dw bwihr vwlw kos mInwr

dXwlpurw BweIkw

 

mOjUdw izlHw biTMfw dI qihsIl Bgqw BweIkw dw iek ipMf (kWgV Aqy BweI rUpw ipMfW qoN qkrIbn 5-5 iklomItr dUr)[ ieh ipMf kdy kWgV ipMf dw ih`sw sI[ dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI AnMdpur C`fx mgroN 21 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ipMf dInw pu`jy sn[ Agly idn aunHW ny nwl kWgV ipMf dy bwhrvwr iek KulHy QW ’qy bYT ky AOrMgzyb nUM ^q iliKAw sI (mgroN iksy ny ‘z&rnwmw’ nW dI kivqw ilK ky aus nUM gurU jI dI ic`TI kih ky JUTw pRcwr kIqw sI)[ keI swl mgroN dXwl isMG (pu`qr Drm isMG qy poqw BweI rUp cMd) ny ies QW ’qy iek nvW ipMf vswieAw sI (Arjn isMG bwgVIAW, Ardmn isMG Awid iesy pirvwr ivcoN sn)[ smW bIqx ’qy ies dw nW ‘idAwlpurw BweIkw’ vjoN jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ ies ipMf ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ (ieh auh QW hY ij`Qy gurU jI ny AOrMgzyb nUM ^q iliKAw sI; z&rnwmw nW dI kivqw nUM gurU jI dI ilKq vjoN prcwry jwx dy Asr hyT ies dw nW gurduAwrw z&rnwmw swihb r`K id`qw igAw sI).

 

     ies qoN QoVHI dUr hI ipMf kWgV dI zmIn ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw jMf swihb bixAw hoieAw hY (iek irvwieq muqwibk ie`Qy iek jMf nwl gurU jI ny Awpxw GoVw bMinHAw sI).

     13 nvMbr 2006 ivc inrmilAW dy iek fyry ‘cOk mihqw fyrw’ (nklI dmdmI tkswl) dy muKI hrnwm isMG DuMmw Aqy hor swDW ny iml ky ies QW ’qy gurU gRMQ swihb dy brwbr AKOqI dsmgRMQ dw pRkwS kr ky gurU gRMQ swihb dw SrIk kwiem krn dI koiSS krn dI hrkq kIqI sI (pr is`KW ny ies smwgm dw bweIkwt kIqw sI).

 

durgwpur

 izlHw nvWSihr dI qihsIl nvWSihr dw iek ipMf jo hux nvWSihr dw ih`sw bx cukw hY[ ies ipMf ivc iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY (ieh pihlW in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI):

dunIcMd dI hvylI

 gurdwspur ngr qoN qkrIbn 6 iklomItr dUr gurdws nW dy iek drvyS dI iek v`fI hvylI sI[ mwrc 1715 ivc jdoN muZl hkUmq dI &Oj dy hzwrW ispwhIAW ny bMdw isMG bhwdur Aqy aus dy swQIAW ny cwry pwsy qoN Gyrw pw ilAw qW is`K ies hvylI ivc dwi^l ho gey; jd bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc swry pwisEN burI qrHW iGr igAw qW aus kol qkrIbn pMj ku hzwr &Oj sI[ ies gVHI ivc isr& hzwr-bwrHW sO bMdy hI smw skdy sn[ jd eyny ku is`K gVHI ivc vV gey qW bwkIAW kol Gyrw cIr ky inklx dI koiSS krn qoN isvw koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ jdoN bMdw isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurdws nMgl dI gVHI ivc bMd kr ilAw sI qW Abdus smd ^wn ny gurdws nMgl ƒ Gyrw pw ilAw sI[ ieh g`l mwrc 1715 dy AwKrI h&qy dI hY[ bwdSwh ny 30 mwrc 1715 dy idn gurj-brdwr Byj ky srhMd dy &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn ƒ Abuds smd ^wn dI mdd vwsqy kUc krn dw hukm ByijAw[ ies mOky ’qy bwdSwh ƒ ^br imlI ik dOlq ^wn mueIn pMj sO GoVsvwr &Oj lY ky pihlW hI 20 mwrc ƒ sulqwnpur qoN goieMdvwl pujw hoieAw sI qy aus ny ibAws ndI dy pwrly kMFy dw morcw sMBwl ilAw sI[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vD &Oj ny ies gVHI ƒ Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI[

muZlW dI v`fI &Oj dI kmWf lwhOr dw sUbydwr Abdus smd ^wn ^ud kr irhw sI[ sY&-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr gujrwq), ierwdq mMd ^wn (&Ojdwr eymnwbwd), nUr muhMmd ^wn (&Ojdwr AOrMgwbwd qy psrUr), SyK muhMmd dwXm (&Ojdwr btwlw), suhrwb ^wn (&Ojdwr klwnOr), hmIr cMd ktoc (rwjw kWgVw), Druv dyv jsrotIey dw puqr hir dyv vI AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky Awir& byZ ^wn (nwieb sUbydwr lwhOr) dI AgvweI ivc gurdws nMgl phMuc gey sn)[ ienHW swirAW ny ipMf gurdws nMgl qoN QoVHI dUrI ’qy morcy put ley[ gVHI dy au~qr v`l zkrIAw ^wn (&Ojdwr jMmU) Aqy zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), d`Kx v`l Abdus smd ^wn (sUbydwr lwhOr) qy p`Cm v`l p`tI, AYmnwbwd, btwlw, klwnOr, AOrMgwbwd, gujrwq dy &OjdwrW; Xwin ik isr& muslmwn hI nhIN blik bhuq swry ihMdU rwijAW dIAW &OjW ny vI morcy sMBwly hoey sn[ Xwin bMdw isMG swry pwisAW qoN v`fIAW &OjW nwl burI qrHW iGirAw hoieAw sI[ies vyly bMdw isMG nwl bhuq v`fI &Oj nhIN sI[ pr ienHW is`KW vwsqy vI gVHI AMdr kw&I Kurwk nhIN sI[ is`K pihlW-pihl qW gVHI ’coN inkl ky nyVy dy ipMfW ’qy hmly kr ky dwxw Aqy fMgr Koh ky gVHI AMdr lY jWdy rhy sn[ ApYRl dy dUjy h&qy mugl &OjW dIAW kuJ tukVIAW ny A`gy vD ky aunHW ƒ rokx dI koiSS kIqI sI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW iDrW dw bVw nukswn hoieAw sI[ iek idn is`K &OjW ny gVHI ’coN inkl ky kotlI ipMf ivcoN l`kV ilAwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ Druv dyv jsrotIey dI &Oj ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr idqw sI[ keI is`K mwry gey sn qy bcy hoey gVHI ivc vwips dOV gey sn[ hux ieh rsqw vI bMd ho igAw sI[ hux hr idSw ivc iklyH ivcoN bwhr Awaux vwly is`KW ’qy qIrW Aqy bMdUkW nwl hmlw hMudw sI qy jy auh ienHW dy vwr qoN bc jWdy sn qW aunHW dI Agy vDdI muZl &OjW nwl lVweI hMudI sI ijs ivc bhuq swry is`K mwry jWdy sn[

     bwdSwh ny koeI vI Aijhw cODrI nhIN C`ifAw sI ijs ƒ aus ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc nw ByijAw hovy[ QoVHy icr ivc hI aus QW ’qy Abdus smd ^wn dI 24 hzwr &Oj, srhMd dI 5 hzwr &Oj qy jMmU dI 5 hzwr &Oj vI phuMc cukI sI[ id`lI qoN kmr-aud-dIn vI 25 hzwr &Oj lY ky c`l peI sI[ nvMbr qk gurdws nMgl dI gVHI dy duAwly 90 hzwr qoN vD &Oj Gyrw pweI KVHI sI[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism hor ilKdw hY ik:“is`K idn ivc do iqMn vwr gVHI ivcoN  40-50 dy toilAW ivc inkldy sn qy Awpxy vwsqy Aqy GoiVAW vwsqy dwxw pwxI lY jwieAw krdy sn[ ienHW is`KW nUM rokx vwsqy muZl &OjI koiSS qW krdy sn pr AMdroN is`KW dy qIrW Aqy golIAW dI bOCwV nwl bhuq swry muZl &OjI mwry jWdy sn[ ijhVy muZl &OjI aunHW dy nyVy jWdy sn auh qW is`KW dIAW ikrpwnW dw hI Kwjw bx jWdy sn[” muZl &OjI ie`QoN qk duAw krdy rihMdy sn ik: “hy AlHw! bMdw isMG iksy qrIky nwl eyyQoN inkl jwvy qW jo swfI jwn bc sky[” julweI ivc brswqW SurU ho geIAW[ hux muZlW dI muihMm vI TMfI pY geI[ iek qW lVweI lMbI hox kwrn qy dUjw brswqW kwrn muZl vI iF`ly pY gey sn pr Aijhw jwpdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny AYvyN AVI kr leI sI vrnw ies mOky ’qy Gyrw cIr ky inkl jwx nwl Swied A`Dy kU is`K bc jwxy sn[ ieh cumwsw (meI qoN Agsq) Swied bcx dI koiSS krn dw kuJ mOkw ho skdw sI[ pr bMdw isMG ny Aijhw nhIN kIqw[ ieM\ is`K pUrw cumwsw qy A`DIAW srdIAW (Xwin mwrc qoN nvMbr qk, qkrIbn 8 mhIny) gVHI ivc ruky rhy sn[ A^Ir auhI hoieAw ijs dw hr koeI ikAws kr skdw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1715 ƒ &Ysly dw idn Aw igAw sI[ 8 mhIny dy Gyry dOrwn hux aunHW kol Kwx vwsqy hvw qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[ auh B`uK nwl inFwl ho gey sn qy aunW ivc ih`lx-ju`lx jogI siqAw vI nhIN sI rhI[ A^Ir, jd keI idnW qk gVHI ’coN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW muZl &OjW dy iek hjUm ny iek dm h`lw bol id`qw[ A`gy ADmoey pey hoey do-cwr sO is`K nzr Awey sn, ijnHW ƒ aunHW ny “iZR&qwr” kr ilAw sI[ ienHW ivcoN ijhVw vI zrw vI ih`ilAw sI aus ƒ au~Qy hI kql kr idqw igAw sI[qkrIbn iqMn sO is`KW ƒ QWey cIr idqw igAw sI[ aunHW dw ^Un eynw vigAw sI ik ieM\ jwpdw sI ik auh ^Un dy qlwA ivc qYr rhy sn[ienHW is`K kYdIAW ƒ &Oj dI ingrwnI ivc nUV ky r`iKAw igAw sI[ ienHW dy pYrW ivc byVIAW, glW ivc qOk, l`k nwl jMzIrW bMnH ky, l`k dy sMgl nwl 2-2, 3-3 nUM bMnH ky g`ifAW ’qy su`itAw hoieAw sI[ mgroN ienHW nUM aUTW Aqy g`ifAW ’qy l`d ky, brwsqw srhMd, id`lI Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw igAw sI[ ies dI bwdSwh ƒ ^br pMj idn ivc hI, 12 dsMbr 1715 ƒ, puj geI sI[ ienHW igR&qwr is`KW dI igxqI isr& do-iqMn sO hI sI[ ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry hor is`K vI igR&qwr kr ky ienHW ivc Swiml kr idqy gey sn[ ies mgroN vI mwry gey hor is`KW dy isr vI id`lI iljwx vwly Asbwb ivc Swiml kr ley gey sn[ gurdwspur qoN lwhOr phuMcx qk mwry jw cuky is`KW dy isr& 700 isr sn jo id`lI phuMcx qk 2000 ho cuky sn[ ieh swrw kuJ ies kr ky kIqw igAw sI qW jo bwdSwh nUM v`fI kwrguzwrI idKweI jw sky[

     hux gurdws nMgl dI gVHI dI iemwrq dI koeI inSwnI nhIN bcI[ ies nUM lok bMdw isMG bhwdur dw Qyh kihMdy hn[ hux aus QW ’qy iek Xwdgwr bxweI jw cukI hY.

dumwlgVH gurduAwrw

 AnMdpur swihb ivc kysgVH dy nyVy iek gurduAwrw ij`Qy is`K dI dsqwr ivc dumwlw (&`rrw) sjwaux dI irvwieq 16 jnvrI 1704 dy idn SurU hoeI sI[ ies idn iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd dIAW &OjW ny AnMdpur swihb dy qwrwgVH iklHy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ ieDroN is`KW ny vI f`t ky mukwblw kIqw sI[ is`K &OjW dI AgvweI kr rhy jQy dw AwgU mwn isMG inSwncI sI[ aus ny inSwn swihb ƒ zmIn ’c g`f ky lVweI lVI[ lVweI ’c z^mI ho ky auh zmIn ’qy if`g ipAw sI qy nwl hI inSwn swihb vI tu`t ky zmIn ’qy if`g ipAw sI[ lVweI Swm qk jwrI rhI sI[ A^Ir keI &OjI mrvw ky Ajmyr cMd iblwspur muV igAw sI[ dUjy pwsy, mwn isMG dy z^mI hox Aqy inSwn swihb dy if`gx dI ^br jdoN gurU swihb kol pu`jI qW aunHW ny aus vyly AwpxI v`fI surmeI dsqwr hyTW bMnHI hoeI nIlI kyskI (CotI dsqwr) ivco iek lIr pwV ky AYlwn kIqw sI ik hux Kwlsy dy inSwn kdy vI nw tu`tygw, nw if`gygw, nw Jukygw[ ieh AwK ky aunHW aus lIr nUM JMfy/inSwn swihb vWg AwpxI dsqwr ivc sjw ilAw sI[ gurU swihb dy kol bYTy audY isMG, ihMMmq isMG, swihb isMG, mohkm isMG qy Awlm isMG ‘n`cxw’ ny vI AwpxIAW nIlIAW kyskIAW ivcoN &`rry lwh ky dsqwrW ’c sjw ley sn[ aunHW dy kol bYTw swihbzwdw &qih isMG, jo Ajy isr& Cy ku swl dw sI, ny vI &`rrw sjw ilAw sI[ inhMg jiQAW dy AwgUAW dIAW dsqwrW ivc &`rry sjwaux (PihrwauNdw hoieAw inSwn swihb) dI irvwieq dI SurUAwq hoeI sI[ ies gurduAwry dw nW dumwlw sjwaux dI Gtnw kr ky r`iKAw igAw sI[ ies gurduAwry nUM ‘mMjI swihb’ vI kihMdy hn

 

duK invwrx gurduAwrw

 

pitAwlw ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn sMn 1665 ivc ies jgh ruky sn[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf muqwibk ie`Qy mwG sudI 5 sMmq 1728 (24 jnvrI 1672) dy idn Awey sn, jo ik shI nhIN hY[ ie`Qy prcwrI jWdI khwxI muqwibk gurU jI sY& dIn kol aus dy iklHy sY&gVH (hux bhwdrgVH) ivc Tihry hoey sn qW ie`Qy vsy hoey ipMf lihl dw Bwg rwm nW dw iek iJaUr gurU jI nUM au~Qy imlx igAw sI Aqy bynqI kr ky ie`Qy lY AwieAw sI[ ie`Qy gurU jI iek toBy dy kol bYTy sn (hux aus toBy nUM qlwA bxw id`qw igAw hY)[ iek kwlpink khwxI muqwibk ipMf ivc soky dI bImwrI &YlI hoeI sI; gurU jI ny ies toBy dy pwxI nwl nuhw ky bImwrI TIk kIqI sI[ ieh khwxI ie`QoN dy pujwrIAW ny GVI sI; pujwrIAW ny ies bwry iek ilKq vI bxw leI sI[ swry gurUAW nwl ieho ijhIAW keI g`p khwxIAW pujwrIAW ny GVIAW hoeIAW sn[ pihlW ie`Qy iek in`kw ijh mMjI swihb huMdw sI[ ies dy nyVy iek mhwrwjw Amr isMG dw bwZ sI[ aus ny aus QW nUM ‘gurU dw bwZ’ vI ikhw jWdw sI[ mgroN hrcMd isMG jyjI ny ies gurduAwry vwsqy bhuq zmIn Aqy nkdI id`qI sI[ mOjUdw iemwrq sMn 1930 ivc bxnI SurU hoeI sI[ pihlW ies dw nW gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN sI; mgroN pujwrIAW ny kwlpink khwxI dy ADwr ’qy ies dw nW gurduAwrw dUK invwrx r`K id`qw sI, jo Ajy vI bdilAw nhIN igAw.

gurduAwry ivc Zlq jwxkwrI vwlw borf

duGrI

 izLHw ropV dI cmkOr qihsIl ivc, ropV-cmkOr mwrg ’qy (ropV qoN 11, bUr mwjrw qoN 3 Aqy cmkOr qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq smyN ropV qoN cmkOr jWidAW bUV mwjrw lMMG ky ies ipMf dy bwhrvwr kuJ pl ruky sn[ iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI ies ipMf ivc Awey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlW iek mMjI swihb bxwieAw hoieAw sI; hux v`fw gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN dy nW ’qy bx cukw hY (jo inhMgW dy ieMqzwm hyT hY)[ gurU jI dy smyN dy bohV dy ru`K dI jVH Aqy aus qoN au~igAw ru`K A`j vI mOjUd hY.

dosWJ Kurd

 izlHw qy qihsIl nvWSihr dw iek ipMf (ksbw bMgw qoN 4 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU hir rwie swihb kIrqpur qoN AwauNidAW/jWidAW ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurU hir rwie swihb bixAw hoieAw hY:

fumylI

 izlHw kpUrQlw dI PgvwVw qihsIl ivc, PgvwVw-huiSAwrpur mwrg ’qy (PgvwVw qoN 16 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb 8 mwrc 1638 (11 cyq 1695) dy idn gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw QMmH swihb bixAw hoieAw hY.

dodVw

pitAwlw izlHw dI smwxw qihsIl ivc smwxw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb sMn 1665 ivc gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek mMjI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI, jo hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY.

duAwb/ duAwbw/doAwbw

 

(pRikRq du, &wrsI do, 2+ &wrsI Awb=pwxI) pRwikRq dw du &wrsI ivc do huMdw hY ies kr ky &wrsI/aurdU ivc ies nUM ‘doAwbw’ iliKAw jWdw hY: duAwbw= do Awb vwlw, Xwin do Awb (pwxIAW) dy ivckwr dw mulk (QW, twpU)[ duAwbw iksy vI do dirAwvW dy ivckwrlI DrqI nUM kihMdy hn[ pMjwb ivc Cy duAwb hn:

 

1. isµD duAwb: isµD qy ijhlm dy ivckwrly ielwky ƒ isµD doAwb kihµdy hn[ ies nUM ijs duAwb jW isj duAwb ikhw jwxw vDyry shI hY (ij=ijhlm qy is=isMD dy ivckwrlw ielwkw)[ ies ivc Byry Aqy mulqwn dw kw&I ih`sw Swiml hY[ iskµdr vyly AµbI rwjw iesy ielwky qy rwj krdw sI

 

2. c`j duAwb: ijhlm qy cnwb/JnW dirAwvW dy ivckwrlI zmIn ƒ c`j doAwb ikhw jWdw hY[ ies ielwky ivc gujrwq, KwrIAW, Swhpur, swhIvwl (imMtgumrI) vgYrw muK Sihr hn[ iskµdr dy hmly vyly pors iesy doAwb dw hI rwjw sI[ dlyr g`KV kOm iesy ielwky nwl sbMD rKdI sI[ pwl rwijAW dI dUjI rwjDwnI nMdnw vI iesy ielwky ivc sI

 

3. rcnw duAwb: rwvI qy cnwb/JnW ivckwrly ies doAwb ivc isAwlkot, gujrWvwlw, nwrovwl, SyKpurw, Jµg, &Yslwbwd (lwielpur), Syrkot muK Sihr hn[ies ielwky ivclw ngr isAwlkot iksy vyly pµjwb dI rwjDwnI huMdI sI[ pµjwb dw sB qoN vD aupjwaU ielwkw iehI sI[ is`K Drm dI SurUAwq vI iesy doAwb ivc hoeI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm AsQwn nwnkwxw swihb ie`Qy hI hY[ pµjwb dIAW mShUr bwrW iesy doAwb ivc hn[ nwnkwxw swihb sWdlbwr ivc hY[ ies mgroN gµjIbwr Aqy hyTW vl nIlI bwr vI iesy doAwb dw ih`sw hn

 

4. bwrI duAwb: ibAws qy rwvI dy ivckwrly ies ielwky ivc lwhOr, imµtgumrI, mulqwn Aqy AµimRqsr dy gurdwspur izlHy Swiml hn[ lwhOr-AMimRqsr-gurdwspur dI bolI ƒ TyT pµjwbI vI mµinAw jWdw hY[ is`K Drm dy prcwr dw v`fw qy Aihm ielwkw iehI sI[ ies doAwbw ivcly CµB (Kws kr ky kwhƒvwn vwlw) ATHwrvIN sdI ivc is`KW dI pnwhgwh hoieAw krdw sI[ bµdw isµG bhwdur dw iklHw kot imrzw jwn Aqy gurdws nµgl vI iesy ielwky ivc hn[ sMn 1978 qoN 1992 dI KwilsqwnI lihr dw v`fw kyNdr iehI Kyqr sI

 

5. ibsq duAwb: ibAws qy sqluj dirAwvW dy ivckwr dw ielwkw[ ies ielwky ivc jlMDr, sulqwnpur, nkodr, nUrmihl, hdIAwbwd (PgvwVw nyVy), iPlOr, ngr, AOV, rwhoN, bjvwVw vrgy purwxy ngr Aqy krqwrpur, PgvwVw, nOSihrw (nvWSihr), kpUrQlw qy huiSAwrpur Awid nvyN ngr vsy hoey hn[ ieh iksy vyly purwxI siBAqw dw ielwkw sI (iPlOr nyVy ngr ipMf qy hor QwvW ivc inSwnIAW imlIAW hn)[ sMn 1921 qoN 1925 qk dI ‘bbr AkwlI lihr’ dw muK kyNdr iehI Kyqr sI[ BwvyN pMjwb ivc s`q doAwb sn, pr, hux ‘duAwb’ nW ibsq-duAwby ielwky nwl hI juV igAw hY; ies nUM jlMDr-duAwb vI kihMdy hn[ ies duAwb ivc bhuq swrw ielwkw kdy coAW dw ielwkw mµinAw jWdw sI[ kwlI byeIN qy ic`tI byeIN iesy ielwky ivc vgdIAW hn

 

6. srsq duAwb: sqluj qy srsvqI ivckwrly ielwky ƒ srsq-duAwb ikhw jWdw hY[ ies ivc luiDAwxw, ropV, srhMd, muirMfw, cmkOr, Aµbwlw, Swhbwd, kwlw Aµb Awid ngr Swml hn[ Swhbwd kol mwrkµfw dirAw ies dI iek h`d mµinAw jWdw irhw hY

 

7. sj duAwb: kuJ ivdvwn srsvqI Aqy jmnw dirAwvW dy ivckwr dy ielwky nUM sqvW duAwb mMndy hn[ sqwrHvIN sdI ivc ies ielwky ivcoN bhuqI zmIn dw mwilk l`KI rwey vxjwrw sI[ aus dy bxwey drjnW KUh A`j vI mOjUd hn[ lohgVH (bMdw isMG bhwdur dI rwjDwnI) iesy ielwky ivc sI.

idVbw

 sMgrUr izlHy dI sunwm qihsIl dw iek ipMf (sMgrUr qoN 30 iklomItr dUr)[ sMn 1665 ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb c`k nwnkI qoN Dmqwn jWdy hoey  ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk aunHW dy nwl aunHW dI mwqw nwnkI, pqnI (mwqw) gujrI, swlw ikRpwl cMd (mwmw ikrpwl isMG), suKnMd, sMgqIAw, idAwl dws, jYqw qy qkrIbn 300 sMgq GoiVAW ’qy AweI sI[ ipMf vwilAW ny bVI SrDw nwl aunHW dI syvw kIqI sI[ gurduAwry ivc  l`gy iek borf muqwibk gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb sMgqW nUM qIrQ Xwqrw krvwaux vwsqy 25 sqMbr 1665 dy idn c`k nwnkI qoN cl ky 29 AkqUbr dy idn ie`Qy pu`jy sn[ gurU swihb ies smyN qIrQ Xwqrw ’qy nhIN sn inkly blik Dmqwn jw rhy sn; dUjw ie`Qy pu`jx dI qwrI^ vI Zlq hY ikauN ik aus vyly aunHW nUM Dmqwn qoN igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI Aqy id`lI iljwieAw jw irhw sI[ hW! sqMbr dy Aw^rI idnW jW AkqUbr dy SurU dI qwrI^ shI ho skdI hY.

 

gurduAwrw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb, idVHbw
 

gurduAwry ivc Zlq jwxkwrI vwlw borf

dIpwlpur

 pwiksqwn ivc izlHw EkwVHw ivc, ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw iek ngr (EkwVw qoN 25 iklomItr), jo iksy smyN pMjwb dys dy iek sUby dw drjw vI rKdw huMdw sI[ sMn 1296 ivc pµjwb dys dy pMj sUby sn (smwxw, hWsI, lwhOr, dIpwlpur qy mulqwn)[ quZlkW vyly dIpwlpur dw sUbw ZwjI milk hyT sI[ ZwzI milk (mgroN iZAws-aud-dIn quZlk) bhuq qkVw sI[ aus ny qwqwrIAW dy iKlwP 29 lVweIAW lVIAW sn qy aus ƒ milk-aul-ZwzI kihµdy sn[iZAws-aud-dIn Aqy iPr &IrozSwh quZlk dI mOq mgroN Cy swl ivc pMj hor quZlk vwirs q^q ’qy bYTy sn[ 23 mwrc 1394 dy idn mihmUd (muhµmd Swh) q^q ’qy bYTw[ aus ny swrµg ^wn ƒ dIpwlpur dw sUbydwr bxw idqw sI[ sMn 1398 ivc qImUr ny ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies mgroN iekbwl ^wn ie`QoN dw hwkm bixAw sI[qyrHvIN qy cODvIN sdI ivc ies ngr ny bhuq v`fIAW-v`fIAW lVweIAW vyKIAW sn[ muZl kwl ivc ies ngr dI AihmIAq GtxI surU ho geI Aqy ieh iek Awm ngr bx ky rih igAw sI[

kdy ies Sihr ivc iek bhuq v`fw iklHw sI Aqy Sihr dy duAwly 25 Put au~cI &sIl (cwr dIvwrI) Aqy dIvwr dy nwl-nwl FUMGI KweI huMdI sI[ imQhws muqwibk ies nUM rwjw lwl js rwj (aus dI smwD Sihr ivc mOjUd hY) dy pu`qr rwjw dIpw cMd ny vswieAw sI[ Sihr bySk bhuq purwxw hY pr ies nUM &Iroz Swh quZlk ny nivAwieAw qy vDwieAw sI[ aus ny iek bhuq v`fI msijd Aqy mihl bxvwey sn[  audoN ies ngr ivc 24 msijdW qy 24 bwaulIAW sn[ ies Sihr ivc bhuq muslmwn pRcwrk AwauNdy rhy sn ijnHW ivcoN bhwvl Syr klMdr ny ies ielwky ivc bhuq smW ibqwieAw sI[ sMn 1578 ivc muZl bwdSwh Akbr qy slIm (jhWgIr) vI Awey sn[ qkrIbn iek l`K dI AbwdI vwly ies ngr ivc rwjpUq, j`t, ArweIN, pTwx qy sXd lokW dI bhulqw hY[ muK zwqW KoKr, v`tU, Krl, KoKr, joeIAw, B`tI, bu^wrI Awid hn[

 

dIpwlpur iklHy dw iek ih`sw

iklHy dw pwkptn drvwzw

 

gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw Cotw nwnikAwxw swihb bixAw hoieAw sI, jo 1947 qoN mgrooN aujwV hæwlq ivc hY.

ifMgw

 p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw gujrwq dI qihsIl KwrIAW dw iek ipMf (KwrIAW qoN 22 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn au~Qy gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw nwnksr bixAw hoieAw sI[ ieh gurduAwrw ipMf dy au~qr p`Cm ivc rylvy stySn qoN iek iklomItr dUr mOjUdw bs A`fy dy nyVy sI[ ies dy nwl iek srovr vI sI[ sMn 1947 qoN bwAd ieh iemwrq qy srovr Zwieb ho cuky hn[ gurduAwry ivcly KUh dw Qyyh-mwqR inSwn bicAw hoieAw hY.

 

gurduAwrw nwnksr ifMgw dI 12 nvMbr 1933 dI DMnw isMG dI iK`cI qsvIr :

dInw

izlHw &rIdkot dI qihsIl inhwl isMG vwlw dw iek ipMf (inhwl isMG vwlw qoN 13 iklomItr dUr)[ ieh ipMf kWgV (jo izlHw biTMfw ivc pYNdw hY) qoN 2 iklomItr dUr hY[ sMn 1705 ivc kWgV ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Awaux sbMDI idlcsp khwxI imldI hY[ pRclq khwxI muqwibk gurU jI nUM AnMdpur ivc 4 dsMbr 1705 dy idn AOrMgzyb dw iliKAw iek ^q imilAw sI, ijs ivc ikhw igAw sI ik mYN kWgV ipMf ivc phuMcx vwlw hW, qusIN vI AnMdpur C`f ky au~Qy Aw jwE qy g`lbwq krWgy[ drAsl ieh ^q jwAlI sI Aqy ies nUM smwxy dy iek pTwx ny AOrMgzyb dy nW hyT iliKAw sI[ 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur iqAwgx mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI, cmkOr Aqy mwCIvwVw huMdy hoey, 21 dsMbr 1705 dy idn dInw ivc pu`jy sn[ auh ie`Qy gurU hoirgoibMd swihb dy smyN dy iek pRmuK is`K rwey joD dy poqirAW cODrI SmIr qy lKmIr nUM imly sn[ dInw ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI BweI dysU dy Gr ivc Tihry sn[ au~Qy hux gurduAwrw lohgVH swihb bixAw hoieAw hY. hor vyKo: kWgV, idAwlpurw BweIkw.

 

gurduAwrw lohgVH dI purwxI qsvIr

DUbrI (ies nUM DubVI qy DUbVI vI kihMdy hn)

 

Awswm dy goAwlpurw izlHy ivc ieh iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ ies ngr ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ aus vyly ieh kwmrUp irAwsq dw muK ngr sI[ DUbVI iqMn pwisAW qoN dirAw nwl iGirAw hoieAw hY[ bRhmpuqr qy gfwDr dirAw ies ngr dy duAwly vgdy hn[

DUbVI ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw (dmdmw swihb) bixAw hoieAw hY (hwlW ik ies dw nW gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb hoxw cwhIdw sI)[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny sMn 1669-70 ivc bxweI sI[ ies dI auswrI vwsqy rwjpUq Aqy mugl ispwhIAW ny AwpxIAW FwlW ivc im`tI ilAw ky iek it`lw bxwieAw sI qy ies it`ly au~qy gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq bxweI geI sI[ hux ies eImwrq dy au~qy iek nvIN eImwrq auswr id`qI geI hY[ auh ip`pl ijs hyT gurU jI bYTy sn, ^qm ho cukw hY qy aus dIAW SwKwvW ’coN iek nvW dr^q augwieAw jw irhw hY[

ie`Qy vI gurU swihb sbMDI bhuq mnGVq qy krwmqI khwxIAW pRclq hn ijnHW ivc gurU jI au~qy iek Dobx v`loN aunHW ’qy iek is`l su`tx dI khwxI vI hY[ ies khwxI muqwibk Dobx dI su`tI is`l gurU jI qk puj nhIN skI sI qy zmIn ivc Ds geI sI[ ieh is`l drAsl keI hzwr swl purwxI zmIn ivc bhuq fUMGI g`fI hoeI hY[ ho skdw iksy hor gRih dw totw (aulkw ipMf) if`gw hovy jo DrqI ivc Ds igAw hovy. {DubVI jwx vwsqy islIguVI, jlpweyguVI, kUc ibhwr qy qU&wn gMj ho ky jwxw pYNdw hY[ islIguVI qk sVk bhuq vDIAw hY pr A`goN jlpweyguVI dy dohIN pwsIN bhuq Krwb hY[ ie`Qo iek syvOk rof (AYn.AYc. 31) dw rsqw bhuq vDIAw hY jo ies ielwky dI sB qoN vDIAw sVk hY[islIguVI qoN DubVI (brsqw jlpweyguVI, kUc ibhwr, qU&wngMj) 220 iklomItr hY}.

 

DUbVI gurduAwry dI purwxI iemwrq

DUbVI gurduAwry dI nvIN iemwrq

 

gurduAwry dy nyVy zmIN ’c DsI hoeI purwxI c`twn

 

 

iFlvW

 p`CmI pMjwb (pwiksqwn) dy izlHw lwhOr dI qihsIl brkI dw iek ipMf (brkI qoN 4 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb J`lIAW ipMf qoN Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1947 qoN mgroN ieh iek Qyh bx cuikAw hY

 

iFlvW

pMjwb dy izlHw kpUrQlw ivc jlMDr-AMimRqsr mwrg (jI.tI. rof) ’qy visAw iek in`kw ijhw ksbw, jo iFlvW qihsIl dw kyNdr vI hY[ ieh ibAws dirAw qoN qkrIbn cwr iklomItr dUr p`Cm v`l hY.

 

iFlvW klW

 

izlHw &rIdkot dI koytkpUrw qihsIl ivc (kotkpUrw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies ipMf ivc 27 dsMbr 1705 dy idn pu`jy sn[ auh iek rwq soFI kOl (kMvl nYx) kol Tihry sn[ aus ny Aqy aus dy pu`qr ABY rwm (mgroN ABY isMG) ny gurU jI dI bhuq ipAwr nwl syvw kIqI sI[ ies ipMf ivc do gurduAwry hn: gurduAwrw gurUsr (Aqy godwvrIsr) Aqy gurduAwrw bsqr AsQwn[ gurduAwrw bsqr AsQwn ivc iek purwxI topI Aqy iek nIlw colw ipAw hoieAw hY[ prvwr dw kihxw hY ik ieh colw auhI hY jo gurU goibMd isMG jI mwCIvwVw qoN pw ky ‘au~c dw pIr’ bx ky inkly sn[ ie`Qy r`KI topI bwry ieh pRcwr kIqw jw irhw hY ik ieh topI gurU nwnk swihb dI sI ijhVI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny soFI kOl nUM qoh&y vjoN id`qI sI[ ies topI vwlI khwxI shI nhIN hY ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb kol koeI topI nhIN sI[ gurduAwrw gurUsr (godwvrIsr) pihlW Cotw ijhw gurduAwrw sI; hux ieh bhuq v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY:

gurduAwrw gurUsr dI purwxI iemwrq

gurduAwrw gurUsr dI nvIN iemwrq

 

gurduAwrw bsqr AsQwn

 

iFlvW mOV izlHw brnwlw dI qpw qihsIl ivc, p`Kw kMcIAW- qpw mwrg ’qy (qpw qoN 5, brnwlw qoN 25) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI smyN sohIvwl qoN Awey sn[ ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN bixAw hoieAw hY:

gurduAwry dw dUr qoN idRS

 

gurduAwry dw nyVy qoN idRS

 

FMf ksyl

izlHw qrnqwrn dI qihsIl gMfIivMf dw iek ipMf (fMfIivMf qoN 6, qrnqwrn qoN 20 iklomItr dUr)[iek irvwieq muqwibk iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies ipMf ivc Awpxy iek jrnYl BweI lMgwh nUM aus dI aumr dy Aw^rI swlW ivc imlx gey sn[ auunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw C`pV sI ijs nUM hux srovr bxw id`qw igAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw ip`pl dw dr^q vI mOjUd hY, ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh dr^q gurU swihb dy simAW dw hY[ ipMf ksyl ies dy iblkul nwl lgdw hY, ies kr ky dohW ipMfW dw nW iek`Tw FMf-ksyl vjoN jwixAw jWdw hY.

Dmqwn

 

hirAwxw sUbw ivc jINd izly dI nrvwxw qihsIl dw iek pRwcIn ksbw (nrvwxw qoN 10 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies ksby ivc Gto-Gt do vwr (ApRYl Aqy AkqUbr 1665 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG iek vwr (15 meI 1693 dy idn) ie`Qy Awey sn[ ies ielwky nUM bWgr/bWgV dys Aqy ie`QoN dI bolI nUM bWgVI/bwgVI ikhw jWdw hY[ bWgr dw ArQ hY ^uSk ielwkw[ ieh p`CmI pMjwb Aqy rwijsQwn dy ivckwr dw ielwkw hY; ies ivc hirAwxw dy mOjUdw izlHy jINd, ihswr, iBvwnI, &qhbwd, crKI dwdrI, srsw; Aqy rwijsQwn ivc Bwdrw, nOhr, hnumwngVH Awid dw kuJ ielwkw Swiml hn[ ies ielwky dy lokW ivc muK qOr ’qy  j`t, gurjwr Aqy rwjpUq hn; hux kuJ ibSnoeI, bwnIAw, bwvVIAw qy biDk vI ies ielwky ivc pwey jWdy hn[

     sMn 1660-65 ivc ies ielwky ivc is`KI dw bhuq prswr sI[ Dmqwn qy jINd qW qkrIbn swrw hI gurU swihbwn dy nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ ie`QoN dw BweI d`go bhuq swrI zmIn dw mwilk sI Aqy lok aus dI bhuq ie`zq krdy sn[ ApRYl 1665 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr ies ielwky ivc Awey qW qkrIbn swrw ielwkw hI aunHW dy drSn krn Aqy aunHW dy bcn suxn vwsqy Aw igAw sI[ gurU jI ie`Qy keI idn rhy sn Aqy hr roz sYNkVy lok dIvwn ivc hwizr huMdy rhy sn[ gurU swihb hr roz dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn[ kuJ idn Dmqwn rihx mgroN gurU swihb ny kIrqpur jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI sI[ jdoN sMgqW nMU pqw l`gw qW aunHW gurU swihb nMU hor rukx vwsqy Arz kIqI sI[ d`go ny sMgqW vloN gurU swihb nMU ieh vI Arz kIqI ik auh Awpxw drbwr (hY~f-kuAwtrz) bkwlw dI QW Dmqwn ivc bxw lYx[ sMgqW ny XkIn idvwieAw ik auh dUr-durwfy qoN Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW dI syvw dy Krc dw bIVw cuk lYxgIAW[ sMgqW v`loN vwr-vwr zor dyx ’qy gurU swihb mMn gey sn[ gurU swihb dI hdwieq ’qy BweI d`go ny AwpxI kuJ zmIn gurU dy mhl, sMgqW dI Drmswlw Aqy iek nvW KUh luAwaux vwsqy Byt kr idqI sI[ ApRYl 1665 dy A^Irly h&qy gurU jI kIrqpur vl cl pey[ gurU jI dy jwx mgroN BweI d`go ny iek KUh, gurU jI dI irhwieS, qy sMgq vwsqy Drmslw bxwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn, jo kuJ idnW ivc hI iqAwr ho geIAW sn[

 

     mgroN g`pW ilKx vwly ilKwrI kvI sMqoK isMG ny ‘sUrj pRkwS’ ivc BweI d`go vrgy Bly is`K dy i^lw& Zlq ibAwnI kr ky aus nwl byh`d D`kw kIqw sI[ sMqoK isMG ny JUT iliKAw ik gurU jI ny d`go nUM iek bdrw (QYlw) muhrW dw id`qw sI qW jo auh iek KUh luAwvy Aqy sMgqW vwsqy Drmswlw bxvwey, pr auh pYsy Awp hVp kr igAw sI[ ieh g`p gurduAwry dy bwhr l`gy iek borf ’qy vI ilKI hoeI hY[ aus borf ’qy BweI d`go v`loN qMmwkU bIjx dI hrkq bwry hor vI bhuq JUTw pRcwr kIqw hoieAw hY[ BweI mINhw dI khwxI iesy QW nwl sbMDq hY (vyKo: mINhw, BweI)[

 

    ies gurduAwry dI bhuq v`fI iemwrq hY[ ieh QW BweI d`go dw Awpxw Gr sI[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq mhwrwjw krm isMG pitAwlw ny bxweI sI[ ies gurduAwry dy nW bhuq swrI zmIn l`gI hoeI hY. hor q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: d`go, BweI.

 

Dmqwn gurduAwry dy bwhr l`gw g`pW vwlw borf:

 

Dlyau/DlyvW

 mwnsw izLHw dI mwnsw qihsIl ivc (mwnsw qoN 17 iklomItr) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ipMf nUM Dlyau qy DlyvrI vI kihMdy hn[ gurU jI gMfUAw ipMf qoN Awey sn Aqy ie`Qy iek qlwA kol Tihry sn[ gurU jI dw myl qulsI dws nW dy iek jogI nwl hoieAw sI[ jogI muqwibk auh gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy smyN qoN gurU jI dy drSnW dI loc rKdw sI[ gurU jI ny aus nUM jMglW ivc jw ky qp`isAw krn dI soc C`f ky gRihsqI jIvn jIx vwsqy pryirAw sI[ Dlyau ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoeAw hY.

FkOlI

 izlHw mohwlI (swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr) dI fyrwbsI qihsIl dw iek ipMf (zIrkpur qoN 3, pMckUlw qoN 5 qy cMfIgVH qoN 12 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI pwaUNtw swihb qoN c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur swihb) jWdy hoey, mnI mwjrw rukx mgroN Agly idn 8 nvMbr 1688 dy idn ies ipMf dy bwhr Awrwm krn vwsqy ruky sn[ kuJ icr mgroN FkOlI dw cODrI eISr dws gurU jI dy drSn krn vwsqy AwieAw sI Aqy AwpxI hvylI ivc lY igAw sI[ gurU jI ny iek rwq eISr dws dy Gr ivc ibqweI sI[ ie`Qy BweI ikRpw rwm nW dw iek is`K, jo qrKwxw kMm krdw sI, vI rihMdw sI[ auh AwpxI pqnI dysW nUM lY ky gurU jI dy drSn krn AwieAw sI[ aus ny gurU jI nUM d`isAw ik aunHW dy ipMf ivc pwxI dI bhuq Gwt hY[ gurU jI ny lokW nUM nwl lY ky iek bwaulI dw t`k lwieAw qy ies nwl hI bwaulI dI KudweI SurU ho geI sI auh bwaulI A`j vI mOjUd hY[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry ivc hor keI gurduAwirAW vW| klipq khwxIAW dw iek borf l`gw hoieAw hY, ijs ivc ieh g`p ilKI hoeI hY ik gurU jI ny brCw mwr ky pwxI dI Dwr vhw ky bwaulI prgt kIqI sI[ ie`Qy iek hor g`p khwxI vI ilKI hoeI hY ik ijhVw sudI iekwdSI dy idn ies bwaulI dy pwxI nwl nhweygw aus dw ATrwh dw rog dUr hovygw Aqy ies pwxI nwl nhwaux vwly dy Gr AOlwd vI hovygI[ ieho ijhIAW g`p khwxIAW inrmlw pujwrIAW ny GVIAW sn qW jo lok AwpxIAW mMnqW mnvwaux vwsqy ies QW ’qy cVHwvyy cVHwieAw krn[

     pihlW ieh iek in`kw ijhw ipMf sI pr hux ieh iek ksbw bx cukw hY[ ies dI hdUd ivc Aqy ies dy Awly-duAwly drjnW bhu mMizly tw`vr bx cuky hn ijnHW ivc hzwrW Gr bx cuky hn.

F`fy

 ieh biTMfw izlHw dI rwmpurw qihsIl dw iek ipMf hY (rwmpurw qoN 12 qy biTMfw qoN 30 iklomItr dUr)[ mwlvw dOry dOrwn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kuJ smW ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ gurU jI if`K qoN Awey sn; Aqy, ie`Qy kuJ smW ruk ky mweIsr ^wnw nUM cly gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN bixAw hoieAw hY.

fyrw bwbw nwnk

 

ies dw shI nW ‘dyhrw bwbw nwnk’ hY (vyKo: dyhrw)[ rwvI dirAw dy kMFy ’qy izlHw gurdwspur dw iek ipMf, jo hux ksbw bx cukw hY, (gurdwspur qoN 45 qy AMimRqsr qoN 55 iklomItr dUr), jo Bwrq pwiksqwn srhd qoN iek iklomItr dUr hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dw vswieAw ipMf krqwrpur (jo rwvI dirAw dy dUjy pwr pwiksqwn dy izlHw nwrovwl ivc hY) ies qoN isr& 4 iklomItr dUr hY[ aus ipMf dy gurduAwry nUM dUrbIn nwl ie`QoN vyiKAw jw skdw hY[krqwrpur ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy sskwr mgroN aunHW dy pu`qr SRIcMd ny gurU jI dI ^wihS dy i^lw& dI Xwd ’c smwD bxw id`qI sI[ hwlW ik is`K Drm ’c ies dI iejwzq nhIN qy gurU swihb ny Awp vI ies qoN roikAw sI[ kuJ icr bwAd ies smwD ƒ rwvI dirAw dw hVH roVH ky lY igAw sI[ ies mgroN sRIcMd ny rwvI dirAw dy dUjy pwsy, qkrIbn 4 iklomItr dUr, p`Koky ipMf dI zmIn ivc iek smwD bxw leI sI[ bwAd ivc ies ipMf dw nW dyhrw swihb v`jx l`g ipAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ipMf dw nW ‘fyrw bwbw nwnk’ vjoN mShUr ho igAw[fyrw bwbw nwnk dw muK gurduAwrw ‘drbwr sihb’ hY Aqy ies dw kyNdrI QW ‘QVHw swihb’ hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ies QW ’qy iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb vI Awey sn[ ies ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy murId BweI Aij`qw rMDwvw dw KUh Ajy vI mOjUd hY[

 

 

Aij`qw rMDwvw dw KUh

 fyrw bwbw nwnk ivc iek gurduAwrw ‘colw swihb’ vI hY (ijs dw pRbMD SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kol nhIN hY)[ ie`Qy iek colw ipAw hY, ijs ’qy kurwn dIAW kuJ AwieqW ilKIAW hoeIAW hn[ ies coly dy mwilkW dw dwAvw hY ik ieh colw gurU nwnk swihb dI Arb Xwqrw vyly aunHW ƒ ByNt kIqw igAw sI; hwlW ik ieh iblkul Zlq hY; ies coly dw gurU jI nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY.

idEkw

 p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw isAwlkot dy iek ngr psrUr dy nwl lgdw (psrUr-nwrovwl mwrg ’qy) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI pihlI mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI[ gurduAwry dy nW bhuq swrI zmIn sI Aqy iek qlwA (srovr) vI sI[ hux aus iemwrq dw nW inSwn nhIN irhw Aqy srovr iek su`ky Qyh qoN isvw kuJ nhIN bicAw:

id`lI

 

Xmunw dirAw dy dohW kMiFAW ’qy v`isAw mOjUdw ngr id`lI keI vwr visAw Aqy aujiVAw hY; Aqy hr vwr iek v`K-v`K QW ’qy vswieAw igAw sI[  krnl sr gOrfn hrn muqwibk id`lI s`q vwr vsweI geI sI[ iek dMd-kQw muqwibk ies ngr dI nINh sMn 50 (purwxw  kwl) ivc ies ielwky dy rwjy id`lU ny r`KI sI; aus dy nW qoN hI ngr dw nW c`ilAw sI[ iek hor irvwieq muqwibk ies dw ieh nW ipRQvI rwj cOhwn vyly SurU hoieAw sI ikauN ik aus nUM idlIpq (aucweI vwlw, vifAweI vwlw) kihMdy sn[ kuJ lyKkW ny ies nUM dyhlI (dihlIz) dy ArQW ivc ‘ihMd dI dihlIz’ dy ArQW ivc vI ilAw hY (ijs dw koeI ArQ nhIN bxdw)[ purwxIAW ilKqW muqwibk ie`Qy pWfoAW dI hkUmq sI[ aus smyN ies dy duAwly KWfvpRsq jMgl sI[ pWfoAW vyly myrT dy nyVy ieMdrpRsq, pWfv ngr qy XoignIpur vI sn[ mOrIAw ^wndwn dI hkUmq smyN vI ie`Qy iek v`fw ngr hox dIAW inSwnIAW imldIAW hn[ kuJ smW pihlW hI ASok dy smyN (sMn 273-235 purwnw kwl) dw iek iSlwlyK vI ie`Qy SRIinvws purI ivc imilAw hY[ mOjUdw id`lI Sihr dI nINh qomwr (quMvr/qomr) rwjpUqW ny sMn 734 ivc r`KI sI[AnMgpwl qomr  dy purwxw iklHy lwl kot dw Qyh A`j vI mOjUd hY[ sMn 1150 qk qomr ies ielwky dy mwilk rhy sn[ ies mgroN ivSwldyv cOhwn ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ rwey ipQOrw ny sMn 1178 ivc ies ’qy kbzw kIqw sI[ ies vyly SuhwbudIn ZOrI ZznI qoN lwhOr qk mwr kr irhw sI[ sMn 1186 ivc aus ny lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hux aus ny id`lI vl vI vyKxw SurU kr idqw sI[ ZOrI ny srhMd ƒ CyqI hI &qih kr ilAw sI[ srhMd ’qy kbzw p`kw krn mgroN aus ny Ajmyr-id`lI  q^q (cOhwn dI hkUmq) nUM vI KohxI cwihAw sI[auDr ipRQvI rwj cOhwn vI gOrI ƒ au~QoN k`Fxw cwhuµdw sI[ auh AwpxIAW &OjW lY ky srhMd vl viDAw[ auDr gOrI ny vI id`lI vl kUc kr idqw[ sMn 1192 ivc id`lI qoN qkrIbn 100 iklomItr dUr qrwien (qrwvVI) dy mYdwn ivc dohW &OjW ivc Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI sI; pr ZOrI nUM hwr imlI sI[ sMn 1193 ivc aus ny Pyr hmlw kIqw sI qy ij`q hwisl kIqI sI[ hux gOrI ny ZznI vwips jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kr leI sI[ c`lx qoN pihlW aus ny Apxy gulwm jrnYl kuqb-aud-dIn ƒ kuJ POj dy ky GuVwm (hux izlHw pitAwlw) dy iklHy ivc ibTw idqw sI[ sMn 1197 ivc kuqb-aud-dIn ny GuVwm dI QW ’qy id`lI  ƒ ApxI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw sI[ sMn 1206 ivc muhMmd ZOrI dy mrn mgroN kuqbdIn AYbk Awzwd hwkm bx igAw sI[ aus ny Awpxy smyN ivc kuqbmInwr bxweI sI (ies mInwr dw kw&I ih`sw aus qoN mgroN bxwieAw igAw sI)[ aus dI mOq mgroN ielquqimS (sMn 1211-1236) id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYiTAw sI[ aus mgroN rzIAw sulqwnw iqMn swl hwikm rhI sI[ ies mgroN keI in`ky moty hwkm Awey sn[ mmlUk hwkmW qoN mgroN jlwludIn &Iroz ^ljI (sMn 1290-1320) ie`QoN dw hwkm bixAw sI; iPr aus dw BqIjw AlwaudIn ^ljI hwkm irhw sI[ ^ljIAW qoN mgroN muhMmd quZlk (sMn 1325-1351) ny ies nUM rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI; ivcoN kuJ icr aus ny dOlqwbwd (mhWrwStr) nUM rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI, pr iPr id`lI vwips Aw igAw sI[ aus qoN mgroN &Iroz swh quZlk (sMn 1351-1388) hwkm bixAw sI[ sMn 1398 ivc qYmUr ny id`lI ’qy hmlw kIqw sI Aqy iek l`K bMdw mwr id`qw sI[ ies nwl id`lI iPr vIrwn ho geI sI[ ies mgroN seIAd ^wndwn (sMn 1414-1451) qy iPr loDI ^wndwn (sMn 1451 qoN 1526) rwj krdy rhy sn[ ies mgroN bwbr dI hkUmq AweI sI Aqy Agly swFy iqMn sO swl (sUrI ^wndwn dy 19 swl C`f ky) muZl rwj krdy rhy sn[ ies dOrwn Akbr ny Awwgrw nUM dUjI rwjDwnI bxwieAw sI, pr ies dy bwvjUd id`lI dI Swn kwiem rhI sI[ Swh jhwn ny sMn 1638 ivc Swhjhwnwbwd vswieAw sI (mOjUdw purwxI id`lI dw ielwkw)[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny 16 ApRYl 1639 dy idn lwl iklHw dI nINh r`KI sI[ aus ny iklHy qoN ielwvw jwmw msijd qy hor iemwrqW vI bxweIAW sn[ aus ny Agly XwrHW swl ivc (sMn 1638 qoN 1649 ivckwr) id`lI dy duAwly iek dIvwr bxweI sI[ ieh dIvwr 27 Pu`t au~cI qy 12 Put cOVI sI[ pihlW ieh im`tI dI sI; sMn 1657 ivc ies nUM lwl p`QrW dI dIvwr bxw id`qw igAw sI[ ies dIvwr ivc Cy drvwzy r`Ky gey sn: kSmIrI drvwzw, kwbulI drvwzw, lwhOrI drvwzw, id`lI drvwzw, AjmyrI drvwzw, qurkmwn drvwzw[ Syr Swh sUrI ny iek hor drvwzw ^UnI drvwzw dy nW hyT bxwieAw sI[ mgroN morI drvwzw qy ingmboD drvwzw vI hoNd ivc Aw gey sn[ hux ies dw bhuq swrw ih`sw Fih cukw hY, pr drvwzy Ajy qk kwiem hn[

     sMn 1857 qk muZl id`lI ’qy hkUmq krdy rhy sn (pr sMn 1707 ivc AOrMgzyb dI mOq mgroN muZlW dI hkUmq bhuq kmzor hoxI SurU ho geI sI Aqy bhwdr Swh qy jhWdwr Swh qW kuJ mhIny hI rih sky sn; &ru^sIAwr vI nW dw hI bwdSwh sI[ muhMmd Swh rMgIlw qW kwZzI bwdSwh sI[ aus mgroN dy bwdSwh id`lI dy nwm-inhwd rwjy sn[ ies dOrwn sMn 1737 ivc mrhtw pySvw bwlwjI rwE ny muZlW nUM hrw ky kuJ smW kbzw krI r`iKAw sI[ sMn 1739 ivc nwdr Swh ny id`lI ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ aus ny vI ies ngr ivc bhuq v`fw kqlyAwm kIqw sI[ sMn  1757 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny hmlw kIqw sI[ aus ny id`lI nUM ^Ub lu`itAw sI qy swry AmIrW vzIrW nUM qkrIbn kMgwl hI kr id`qw sI[ aus dy jwx mgroN sMn 1758 ivc iPr mrh`ty vI kwbz ho gey sn[ sMn 1761 ivc iPr du`rwnI ny hmlw kr ky mrh`itAW dw sdw vwsqy l`k qoV id`qw sI[ sMn 1771 ivc mrh`ty (mhwdjI iSMdy dI AgvweI hyT) iPr kuJ smW kwbz rhy sn[ mwrc 1783 ivc id`lI ’qy is`K kwbz ho gey sn, pr auh Swh Awlm nwl cuMgI dw smJOqw kr ky id`lI aus dy hvwly kr  ky Aw gey sn[ sMn  1803 ivc AMgryzW ny mrh`itAW nUM hrw ky id`lI dw Awlw duAwlw kbzy ivc kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1857-58  dy Zdr mgroN id`lI pUrI qrHW AMgryzW dy kbzy ivc Aw geI sI[ brqwnIAw dy bwdSwh jwrj pMjm ny 12 dsMbr 1911 dy idn AMgryzW ny kolkwqw dI QW ies nUM nvIN rwjDwnI bxwaux dw AYlwn kIqw sI Aqy phwV gMj Aqy s&dr jMg dy ivckwr nvIN id`lI dI nINh rK ky nvW ngr vswauxw SurU kIqw sI[ audoN qk ieh pMjwb dw ih`sw sI[ pihlI AkqUbr 1912 dy idn purwxI id`lI nUM pMjwb qoN Alg kr ky ‘cI& kimSnr proivMs Aw& id`lI’ bxw id`qw igAw sI[  sMn 1927 ivc ies dw nW ‘nvIN id`lI’ r`iKAw igAw sI[ 13 &rvrI 1931 dy idn ies nvIN rwjDwnI dw audGwtn kIqw igAw sI[  sMn 1947 ivc hzwrW pMjwbI p`CmI pMjwb qoN ie`Qy Aw ky vsy sn[ sMn 1956 ivc ies nUM XUnIAn tYrytrI bxw id`qw igAw sI[ sMn 1991 ivc ies nUM rsmI qOr ’qy ‘nYSnl kYpItl Aw& id`lI’ dw nW dy id`qw igAw sI[ ies mgroN id`lI dI iek AsYNblI bxweI geI sI, ijs kol Ajy vI pUry sUby vwly hkUk nhIN hn[ ^UnI nvMbr 1984 ivc id`lI ivc rwjIv gWDI dI srprsqI hyT lilq mwkn, jgdIS tweItlr, s`jx kumwr, kml nwQ, sIqw rwm kysrI, Arjn dws Aqy hirAwxw dy cI& minstr Bjn lwl dI AgvweI hyT kWgrsIAW v`loN pulIs Aqy BwVy dy kwqlW rwhIN hzwrW bygunwh is`KW dw kqlyAwm krvwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 2001 ivc id`lI dI pwrlImYNt ’qy hmlw hoieAw sI[ sMn 2005 qy 2008 ivc pwrlImYNt ’qy Pyr hmly hoey sn[

     id`lI dw rkbw 1483 mur`bw iklomItr (573 mur`bw mIl) hY[ sMn 1921 dI mrdmSumwrI muqwibk ie`QoN dI AwbwdI 30 l`K 44 hzwr sI[ ienHW ivcoN 17 l`K 43 hzwr ihMdU (qkrIbn qIjw ih`sw dilqW smyq), 11 l`K 47 hzwr muslmwn, 8791 iesweI, 3862 jYnI, 2669 is`K Aqy 91 bwkI DrmW dy lok sn[ sMn 2011 dI mrdmSumwrI muqwibk ie`QoN dI AwbwdI 1 kroV 67 l`K sI[ ienHW ivcoN pMjwbI, pUrvWclI, auqrwKMfI, bMgwlI, hirAwxvI qy rwijsQwnI  lokW dI AwbwdI sB qoN vD hY[ komW ivcoN ihMdU, Awid DrmI (dilq), is`K, muslmwn, jYnI, iesweI vDyry hn[ ienHW ivcoN 55% ihMdU, 25% Awid DrmI (dilq), 12.86% muslmwn, 3.4 % is`K, 0.99 % jYnI, 0.87 % iesweI, 0.11% boDI hn[ zwqW ivcoN vYS, gu`jr, bRwhmx, jwt, pMjwbI bhuq v`fI igxqI ivc hn[ie`QoN dIAW muK zbwnW AMgryzI, ihMdI, pMjwbI qy aurdU hn[ lokW dy pihrwvy ivc pMjwbIAq dw Asr sB qoN vD hY[ id`lI ivc qkrIbn 49% lok Ju`gIAW ivc rihMdy hn[ ies pRwcIn ngr ivc 1200 hYrItyj iemwrqW hn, ijnHW ivc rwey ipQOrw dw iklHw qy purwxw iklHw dw Qyh, kuqb mInwr, rzIAw sulqwnw dw mkbrw,  hmwXUM dw mkbrw, lwl iklHw, slImgVH iklHw, zInq-aul-msijd, &qhpurI msijd, mumqwj mihl, jYnIAW dw lwl mMdr, gOrI SMkr mMdr, imrzw Zwilb dI hvylI, bVw guMbd, gurduAwrw sIs gMj, cWdnI cOk dw &uhwrw (ij`Qy 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn idAwl dws, mqI dws qy sqI dws Aqy sMn 1716 ivc bMdw isMG dy swQI sYNkVy is`K ShId kIqy gey sn), KwrI bwaulI qy keI hor bwaulIAW, keI mkbry,  Awid bhuq mShUr hn[ {hor vyKo: cWdnI cOk}.

id`lI qy nvI id`lI dw nkSw (AMgRyzI)

 

 

purwxI id`lI dw sMn 1858 dw nkSw

 

Agr sYn dI bwaulI

AnMg pwl dI bwaulI (gMfk dI bwaulI)

 

rwjwEN kI bwaulI

 

&Iroz Swh kotlw

 

&Iroz Swh kotlw ivc mhwrwjw ASok dw sqMB

 

mhwrwjw ASok dy sqMB ’qy iSlwlyK

id`lI dw purwxw iklHw (muK drvwzw) sMn 1880

 

id`lI dw purwxw iklHw (hmwXUM gyt AMdroN)

 

quZlkwbwd iklHw

 

 

lwl iklHw (purwxI qsvIr)

 

slImgVH iklHw ij`yQy 1716 ivc bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur nUM kYd kIqw igAw sI

 

 

hmwXUM dw mkbrw

 

id`lI dw kSmIrI gyt

 

 

rzIAw sulqwnw qy AlqUnIAw dIAW kbrW
 

 

 

&Iroz Swh kotlw dI bwaulI

 

jwmw msijd (iek hvweI idRS)

 

iKVkI msijd
 

 

iskMdr loDI dI kbr

 

kuqub mInwr

 

mumqwj mhl

 

zInq-aul-msijd

 

&qhpurI msijd

 

cWdnI cOk 1865 ivc

 

cWdnI cOk 2021 ivc

 

kdy id“lI ivc trwm cldI huMdI sI

 

 

id`lI Aqy is`K

is`K qvwrI^ ivc id`lI dw vI Aihm QW hY[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxIAW audwsIAW vyly id`lI ho ky gey sn[ ies kr ky is`K audoN qoN hI id`lI ivc rihMdy hn[ guru hirgoibMd swihb nUM jnvrI 1613 ivc id`lI qoN igR&qwr kr ky gvwlIAr iklHy ivc kYd kIqw igAw sI[ sqvIN pwiqSwhI vyly vI is`KW dy au~Qy hox dw pqw lgdw hY ikauNik sMn 1660 ivc jdoN gurU hir rwie swihb ny rwm rwie ƒ id`lI ByijAw sI qW aus dy nwl Awey is`K BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw ivc Tihry sn[ A`TvyN, nOvyN qy dsvyN pwiqSwh vI id`lI gey sn[ gurU hirikSn swihb 30 mwrc 1664 dy idn id`lI ivc joqI joiq smwey sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb, BweI idAwl dws, BweI mqI dws qy BweI sqI dws ieQy hI 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn ShId kIqy gey sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI sMn 1707 ivc id`lI Awey sn[ mwqw suMdr kOr qy swihb kOr vI id`lI ivc bhuq vrHy rihMdIAW rhIAW sn[

      11 mwrc 1783 dy idn s. bGyl isMG, s: j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, s: j`sw isMG  rwmgVHIAw, s: rwey isMG BMgI qy s: gurid`q isMG lwfvw ny lwl iklyH ’qy nIlw KwlsweI JMfw JulwieAw sI[ bGyl isMG ny muZl bwdSwh nwl id`lI dI cuMgI ’coN 37.5% ih`sw lYx dw smJOqw kr ky id`lI aus dy hvwly kr id`qI sI[ 14 jnvrI 1914 dy idn brqwvnI srkwr ny vwiesrwey dI koTI dI Swn r`Kx vwsqy gurduAwrw rkwb gMj dI kMD Fwh id`qI sI[ ies dy i^lw& AYjItySn hox ’qy ny srkwr ny hiQAwr su`t id`qy sI[ sMn 1930 dI isvl nw&urmwnI lihr vyly  gurduAwrw sIs gMj puils &wieirMg dI zd hyT AwieAw sI[ 12 jUn 1960 dy jlUs vyly gurduAwirAW ƒ Gyrw pw ky is`K jlUs rokx dI koiSS kIqI geI sI[ is`KW ’qy lwTIcwrj kIqw igAw sI[ keI is`K z^mI qy kuJ ShId vI ho gey sn[ sMn 1978 ’c morwrjI fysweI srkwr ny vI inrMkwrIAW dy i^lw& pRotYst vyly id`lI dy iqMn gurduAwirAW dy rsqy sIl kr ky kri&aU lw id`qw sI, jo is`K vzIrW v`loN igR&qwrI dyx dy AYlwx mgroN htwieAw igAw sI[ ^UnI nvMbr 1984 dOrwn ieMdrw dy kql mgroN rwjIv gWDI dI srprsqI hyT dihSqgrd kWgrsIAW ny 1 qoN 6 nvMbr  qk hzwrW is`K zwlmwnW qrIky nwl koh-koh ky kql kIqy sn[ 6 jnvrI 1989 dy idn BweI sqvMq isMG qy BweI ikhr isMG ƒ id`lI dI iqhwV jylH ivc PWsI id`qI geI sI[ sMn 1994 ivc fI.fI.ey. (ijs ’qy BwrqI jnqw pwrtI dw rwj sI) ny gurduAwrw mjƒ it`lw dI auswrI dw iek ih`sw Fwh id`qw sI (ieh kwrw sMn 2006 ivc iPr duhrwieAw igAw sI)[

pihloN id`lI ivc is`KW dy igxqI dy Gr sn[ pr, sMn 1947 qoN mgroN id`lI ivc is`KW dI AwbwdI bVI qyzI nwl vDI sI[ sMn 1921 ivc id`lI ’c 2669 is`K sn; sMn 1971 ivc ieh AwbwdI  2 l`K 91 hzwr 123 sI; sMn 1981 ivc ieh 3 l`K 93 hzwr 921 qy sMn 1991 ivc 4 l`K 55 hzwr  657  sI[ nvMbr 1984 ivc id`lI ivc hzwrW is`KW dw kqlyAwm hoieAw sI, ies kr ky hzwrW is`K ie`QoN inkl gey sn, jo sMn 1995 qoN mgroN Pyr Awauxy SurU ho gey sn[ A`j ieh AwbwdI Swied A`T l`K qoN vI vD hY, hwlW ik sMn 2011 dI mrdmSumwrI muqwibk id`lI ivc is`KW dI igxqI pMj l`K dy krIb d`sI hoeI hY[

     id`lI ivc bhuq swry gurduAwry hn, ijnHW ivcoN hyT ilKy qvwrI^I hn: (1) mjƒ it`lw: qImwrpur klonI kol, jmnw dirAw dy kMFy, gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ jnvrI 1613 ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb vI ie`Qy ruky sn, jdoN jhWgIr dy hukm hyT aunHW nUM igR&qwr kr ky gvwlIAr iklyH ivc kYd kIqw igAw sI[ aunHIN idnIN ie`Qy ipMf cMdrwvl KyVw huMdw sI  (2) nwnk ipAwau: jI.tI.rof qy purwxI sbzI mMfI kol gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY (3) bMglw swihb: ieh rwjw jY isMh imrzw kCvwhw dw bMglw sI[ mwrc 1664 ivc gurU hirikRSn swihb qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy Tihry sn[ gurU hirikRSn swihb ie`Qy hI joqI joiq smwey sn (4) bwlw swihb: irMg rof ’qy mhwrwxI bwZ klonI kol bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU hirikRSn swihb, mwqw suMdr kOr qy mwqw swihb kOr dw sskwr ieQy hI hoieAw sI[ audoN swry lokW dy sskwr ie`Qy hI hoieAw krdy sn (5) sIs gMj: cWdnI cOk ’c ies jgHw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb, BweI idAwl dws, BweI mqI dws qy BweI sqI dws 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn ShId kIqy gey sn[ mwrc 1716 ivc iesy QW ’qy hI bMdw isMG bhwdur dy 700 qoN vD swQI ShId kIqy gey sn[ ies gurduAwry dI pihlI iemwrq bGyl isMG ny sMn 1783-87 ivc bxvweI sI[ mgroN muslmwnW ny fyg ky aus QW msIq bxw id`qI sI[ sMn 1857 dy Zdr mgroN jINd dy rwjw srUp isMG ny msIq nUM Fuhw ky dubwrw gurduAwrw bxvwieAw sI[ aus mgroN ies ivc bhuq qbdIlIAW Aqy vwDy huMdy rhy hn[ ies gurduAwry dy qih^wny ivc aus dr^q dw qnw sWB ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY ijs hyTW gurU jI nUM ShId kIqw igAw sI[ sIs gMj dy bwhr iek purwxw &uhwrw hY[ ies &uhwry dy hyTW BweI idAwl dws, BweI mqI dws qy BweI sqI dws ShId kIqy gey sn; hux aus &uhwry nUM aunHW dI Xwdgwr vjoN sWiBAw hoieAw hY (6) rkwb gMj: ieh purwxy rwiesInw ipMf dw iek ih`sw sI[ ieh swrw ipMf BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI ivSwl jwiedwd dw iek ih`sw sI (ies ivc mOjUdw, pwrlImYNt hwaUs, rwStrpqI Bvn Awid dIAW zmInW Swiml sn)[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy DV dy sskwr aus ny ies jgh ’qy kIqw sI[ kWgrsI AwgU kml nwQ dI AgvweI ivc ^UnI nvMbr 1984 ivc ies ’qy hmlw kr ky ies nUM swV dyx dI koiSS kIqI geI sI, jo Aml ivc nhIN Aw skI sI (7) moqI bwZ: irMg rof ’qy DOlw kUMAW Aqy SWqI pQ dy ivckwr, AjmyrI drvwzy dy bwhr, gurU goibMd isMG dI Xwd ’c bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb ie`Qy sMn 1707 ivc Awey sn (8) dmdmw swihb: jmnw dirAw dy kMFy, hmwXUM dy mkbry dy nyVy gurU goibMd isMG dI Xwd ivc ivc bixAw gurduAwrw {ies gurduAwry nwl iek g`p khwxI joVI geI hY ik ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI ny hwQI qy Joty ivckwr lVweI krvweI sI} (9) gurduAwrw mwqw suMdr kOr: qurkmwn drvwzy qoN bwhr, imrzw Zwilb AkYfmI dy nwl, ies jgh ’qy mwqw suMdr kOr keI swl rhy sn (10)  gurduAwrw bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr: kuqb mInwr dy nyVy, Kvwjw b^iqAwr kwkI dI drgwh kol (mihrolI ivc)[ 9 jUn 1716 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur Aqy aus dy swQI 18 muK jrnYlW nUM ie`Qy hI ShId kIqw igAw sI (11) kUcw idlvwlI isMGW: ieh QW AjmyrI drvwzy dy AMdr gurduAwrw sIsgMj qoN qkrIbn pOxw iklomItr dUr hY[ ie`Qy BweI kilAwxw dI Drmswlw sI[ ie`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb, BweI gurid`qw, mwqw suMdr kOr vI kuJ smW rihMdy rhy sn[ pr ies QW ’qy koeI Xwdgwr nhIN bx skI  12. slImgVH iklHw: sMn 1716 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdur Aqy aus dy swQIAW nUM ies iklHy ivc kYd kIqw igAw sI[ (ie`Qy Ajy Xwdgwr bxnI rihMdI hY)[ id`lI ivc vI hzwrW is`KW ny ShIdIAW pweIAW hn 13. qIs hzwrI ij`Qy id`lI dIAW AdwlqW hn, bGyl isMG nwl sbMDq ieiqhwsk jgh hY[ sMn 1783 ivc ies QW ’qy bGyl isMG dI kroVwisMGIAw imsl dI qIh hzwr &Oj dw fyrw sI; iesy kr ky ies dw nW qIs hzwrI hY[ id`lI dy gurduAwry bhuq smW mhMqW dy kbzy hyT rhy sn[ sMn 1920 ivc gurduAwrw suDwr lihr SurU hoeI sI[ 19 dsMbr 1922 dy idn mhMq hrI isMG ny id`lI dy gurduAwry SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI nUM sONp id`qy sn[ ienHW qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW qoN ielwvw id`lI ’c hor vI keI v`fy-v`fy nvyN gurduAwry bx cuky hn[

     sMn 1960 ivc AMimRqsr, luiDAwxw, jlMDr, pitAwlw dy nwl-nwl id`lI qoN vI pMjwbI sUbw morcw clwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1971 ivc bIbI inrlyp kOr ny gurduAwirAW ’qy kbzw kr ky id`lI gurduAwrw AYkt bxvwieAw sI Aqy ies nUM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy kbzy qoN Awzwd krvwieAw sI[ nvyN kwnUMn hyT hr cOQy swl coxW hox lg peIAW sn Aqy ie`QoN dy gurduAwry SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI QW id`lI dI iek kmytI dy ieMqzwm hyT Aw gey sn[ id`lI dy gurduAwirAW ivc hzwrW lok hr roz lMgr Ckdy hn[ modI srkwr vyly ^ws kr ky notbMdI dy idnW ivc Aqy iPr mwrc qoN meI qk koronw vwiers smyN lw`k fwaUn dOrwn Axigxq muswi&r Aqy ivdySI XwqrU ienHW gurduAwirAW ivcoN h&iqAW Aqy mhIinAW b`DI rotI Kw ky izMdw rhy sn.

 

gurduAwrw mjnU it`lw

 

gurduAwrw nwnk ipAwau

 

gurduAwrw bMglw swihb

 

gurduAwrw bwlw swihb

 

gurduAwrw sIs gMj cWdnI cOk

 

gurduAwrw rkwb gMj

 

gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb

 

 

gurduAwrw moqI bwg

 

gurduAwrw mwqw suMdr kOr

 

 

gurduAwrw bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur (bwhroN)

 

 gurduAwrw bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr (AMdroN)

 

bMdw isMG nUM ies gyt ’qy ShId kIqw igAw sI

 

gurguAwrw bMdw isMG bhwdr ivc bMdw isMG sbMDI Zlq jwxkwrI vwlw borf

 

11 mwrc 1783  dy idn lwl iklHy ’qy iS`Kw dw nIlw inSwn swihb lihrwieAw igAw sI

 

 

j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw v`loN ilAWdI id`lI q^q dI isl (buMgw rwmgVHIAw ivc)

 

 

fyhrwdUn

 au~qrwKMf dI dUn vwdI ivc visAw ieh ngr au~qrwKMf sUby dI srdIAW dI rwjDwnI hY (grmIAW dI rwjDwnI gVHvwlI ielwky ivc cmolI izlHy dw ngr gYrsYn hY)[ ieh ngr smuMdrI ql qoN 2139 Pu`t (652 mtr) dI aucweI ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ ieh ngr gurU hir rwie swihb dy v`fy pu`qr rwm rwey ny sMn 1675-76 ivc bMinHAw sI[ audoN ies ipMf dw nW Kurv`DI sI[ Kurv`DI Aqy nwl dy iqMn ipMf gVHvwl dy rwjy &qh Swh ny AOrMgzyb dy kihx ’qy rwm rwie nUM id`qy sn[ aus dI mOq sMn 1687 ivc ho geI sI[ aus qoN mgroN aus dI pqnI pMjwb kOr ie`Qy rhI sI[ pMjwb kOr dI mOq qoN mgroN ieh fyrw rwm rwey dy cyilAW dy kbzy ivc irhw sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies ngr ivc iqMn vwr gey sn: do vwr pwauNtw swihb qoN 26 mwrc 1686 Aqy  20 sqMbr 1687 dy idn Aqy iek vwr c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) qoN jdoN auh 20 &rvrI 1694 dy idn aucycw pMjwb kOr nUM imlx Awey sn Aqy pMj idn ie`Qy rhy sn[

     sMn 1757 ivc ies ngr ’qy ruhIlw muKI njIb-aud-dOlw qy sMn 1785 ivc Zulwm kwdr ny hmlw kIqw sI[ sMn 1806 ivc nYpwl dy rwjy ipRQvI nwrwiex isMh ny AlmoVw, pTwnkot, kumwEN, gVHvwl, iSmlw, kWgVw Aqy fyhrwdUn au~qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1814 qoN 1816 qk eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI (AMgryzW) ny lVweIAW kr ky nYpwlIAW qoN ieh QwvW vwips leIAW sn[

     AMgryzW vyly ies ngr dw nW rwm rwey dy fyry kwrn isr& fyhrw sI[ AMgryzW ny sMn 1827-28 ivc fyhrwdUn Aqy musUrI ngrW vjoN vswauxy SurU kIqy sn[ sMn 1867 ivc ieh ngr imaUNspl kmytI bx cukw sI[ AMgryzW ny ies ngr ivc skUl Aqy hor v`fIAW iemwrqW bxweIAW sn[ 9 nvMbr 2000 dy idn auqrwKMf sUbw bixAw qW ies nUM srdIAW dI rwjDwnI bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies ngr dw rkbw 196.48 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ ie`QoN dI AwbwdI Cy l`K qoN kuJ Gt hY (Awly dAwly dIAW AwbwdIAW Swiml kr ky ieh AwbwdI 8 l`K bx jWdI hY)[ ies ivcoN 82.5% ihMdU, 11.75% muslmwn, 3.50% is`K hn[ rwm rwie dy fyhry dI pihlI iemwrq 1699 ivc bxI sI[ ies mgroN ies ivc vwDy huMdy gey sn[ hux ies fyry dI nvIN iemwrq bx cukI hY.

sMn 1858 ivc rwm rwey dy fyry dI qsvIr

 

rwm rwey dy fyry dI hux dI qsvIr

dODr

 izlHw mogw ivc iek ipMf (mogw qoN 20 qy jgrwEN qoN 16 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy pihlI AkqUbr 1914 dy idn zmIn ivcoN qWby dy do pqRy imly sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek pqry dy iek pwsy ’qy iliKAw sI: ‘nwnk qpw eIhW rmy’ Aqy dUjy pwsy ieh iliKAw sI: ‘pihlI pwqswhI CymI Awey’[ dUjw jo muhr dI Skl dw sI, aus au~qy isr& ‘nwnk’ iliKAw hoieAw sI[ ieh pqry kdoN dy hn, ies dw inrxw nhIN kIqw jw sikAw[ ies ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ dODr Asl ivc do ipMf ‘dODr grbI’ qy ‘dODr SrkI’ hn jo nwlo-nwl hn.

dwqn sr gurduAwrw (nklI)

 mukqsr ivc bxy ies gurduAwry bwry ieh pRcwr kIqw jw irhw hY ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dwqn kr rhy sn qW iek muZl ispwhI ny aunHW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ aunHW dy h`Q ivc ijhVw gVvw sI, aunHW ny auh gVvw aus ispwhI dy isr ivc mwirAw sI Aqy auh QWeyN mr igAw sI[ ieho ijhI koeI Gtnw nhIN hoeI sI; ies kr ky ieh gurduAwrw ieiqhwsk nhIN hY

dwqn swihb gurduAwrw

 

EfIsw dI rwjDwnI ktk ivc ieh gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ jnvrI 1510 ivc kolkwqw ivc kuJ idn ibqwaux mgroN gurU nwnk swihb ktk Aqy purI (auVIsw, hux EfISw) vl cl pey sn[ auVIsw ivc gurU swihb dw pihlw pVwA Bdrk (kolkwqw qoN ktk v`l 316 iklomItr dUr Aqy ktk qoN 106 iklomItr pihlW) sI[ Bdrk ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies mgroN gurU jI jjpur (Bdrk qoN ktk v`l 32 iklomItr dUr) ruky sn[ jjpur ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ jjpur qoN gurU nwnk swihb (61 iklomItr dUr) ktk pu`jy sn (audoN ktk iek in`kw ijhw ksbw sI; hux ieh EfISw sUby dI rwjDwnI hY)[ ie`Qy ktk dw rwjw, pRqwp rudr dyv, gurU nwnk swihb nUM imilAw sI[ aus ny kuJ smW gurU jI dI sMgq kIqI sI qy aunHW dw is`K bx igAw sI[ gurU jI aus kol kuJ idn rhy sn qy lokW nwl Drm crcw krdy rhy sn[ ktk ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc mhwndI dirAw dy kMFy,  ikSqI Gwt ’qy, iek gurduAwrw ‘dwqn swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb ny dwqn kr ky zmIn ivc g`f id`qw sI qy auQy iek dr^q aug ipAw sI[ gurduAwry dy ip`Cly pwsy, ndI dy kMFy, iek purwxw dr^q mOjUd hY, ijs nUM gurU jI dy nW nwl joiVAw jWdw hY[ hux iek twhxI gurduAwry dy mUhry lw ky iek nvW dr^q augwieAw igAw hY.

 

dwqn swihb miGAwxw klW

BweI kwhn isMG nwBw miGAwxw klW (izlHw lwhOr) gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bxy gurduAwrw dwqx swihb dw izkr krdy hn; pr pwiksqwn dy iksy irkwrf ivc ies ipMf ivc ies gurduAwry bwry koeI jwxkwrI nhIN imldI.

fskw qy fskw morcw

 

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw isAwlkot dw iek ngr (isAwlkot qoN 25 iklomItr dUr)[ fskw ksby ivc BweI virAwm isµG dw gurduAwrw hY[ au~QoN dy ieMqzwm sbMDI kuJ icr qoN ihµdUAW Aqy is`KW ivc JgVw cldw AwauNdw sI[ gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm is`KW kol sI qy dukwnW ihµdUAW kol sn[ is`KW ny ihµdUAW qoN dukwnW dw kbzw lYx dI koiSS kIqI aI pr auh AdwlqI qrIky nwl kwmXwb nhIN ho sky sn[ ies ’qy bwbw KVk isµG ny morcw lwaux dw AYlwn kr idqw sI[ mwstr qwrw isµG cwhuµdw sI ik pihlW auprlI Adwlq ivc ApIl kIqI jwvy qy Pyr morcw lwieAw jw skdw hY[ pr bwbw KVk isµG, hmySw vWg, AwpxI izd ’qy AV igAw sI[ auh 17 Agsq 1931 dy idn 25 is`KW dw jQw lY ky jylH clw igAw sI [ ies qoN mgroN koeI hor jQw nhIN igAw sI[ bwbw KVk isµG dy ip`CoN iks vloN vI igR&qwrI nw dyxw bwbw KVk isµG hI nhIN blik AkwlI dl dI vI byiezqI sI[

ieh vyK ky mwstr qwrw isµG ny SRomxI AkwlI dl dI vrikµg kmytI dI mIitµg 27 Agsq 1931 ƒ buulw leI sI[ aunHW mYNbrW ƒ ApIl kIqI sI ik bwbw KVk isµG dI ie`zq r`Kx vwsqy morcw lwieAw jwvy[ ienHW idnW ivc AkwlI dl dy &Ysly muqwibk 13 sqµbr ƒ morcw lwieAw igAw si[ mwstr qwrw isµG pihlw jQw lY ky igR&qwr ho igAw sI[ kuJ smyN mgroN ies gurduAwry dw JgVw iek swlsI rwhIN ^qm ho igAw sI[ ies &Ysly muqwibk pihlW iqµn swl iqµn is`K qy do ihµdU ies dw ieµqzwm clwauxgy qy Agly iqµn swl iqµn ihµdU qy do is`K[ ieµ\ hr iqµn swl bwAd ieh kmytI bdldI irhw krygI[ ies &Ysly ƒ swirAW ny hI kbUl kr ilAw sI[ 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf kwrn ieh gurduAwrw vI is`KW nUM C`fxw ipAw sI.

drSnI ifauFI/ drSnI drvwzw

1. drSnI (dyKx Xog) drvwzw
2. SwhI mhl jW v`fy mMdr dw muK drvwzw
3. bzwr mweI syvW ivc iek gurduAwrw ijhVw drbwr swihb vl Awaux vwly purwxy rsqy ’qy bixAw hoieAw sI[ ies nUM drSnI ifauFI ies kr ky kihMdy sI ikauNik ie`QoN drbwr swihb nzr Awaux lg pYNdw sI (drSn ho jWdy sI)
4. drbwr swihb dI drSnI ifauFI dw drvwzw jW ifauFI[ ies bwry iksy ny ieh JUTw prcwr kr id`qw sI ik ies dy drvwzy somnwQ dy mMdr vwly drvwzy hn ijhVy mihmUd ZznvI lwh ky lY igAw sI; Aqy is`KW ny kwbl ij`qx mgroN auh drvwzy ilAw ky drbwr swihb ivc lw id`qy sn[ ieh iek ^wils g`p hY ikauNik pihlI g`l qW ieh hY somnwQ dy mMdr dy drvwzy kwbl ivc nhIN sn; dUjw is`KW ny kdy vI kwbl Sihr nUM ij`iqAw hI nhIN sI. hor vyKo: drbwr swihb.

 

bzwr mweI syvW dw gurduAwrw drSnI ifauFI:

 

 

drSnI ifauFI ’qy SRomxI kmytI v`loN l`gw borf jo drbwr swihb nUM golfn tYNpl dsdw hY

 frOlI BweI

 

izLHw mogw dw iek ipMf (mogw qoN 14 iklomItr dUr)[ ie`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw sWFU BweI sWeIN dws rihMdw sI[ muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr v`loN gurU Arjn swihb nUM ShId krn dy hukm ivc ieh vI ikhw igAw sI ik aus (gurU jI) dw bwl b`cw vI igR&qwr kr ilAw jwey; ies kr ky sur`iKAw nUM muK rK ky, gurU Arjn swihb dI ShIdI (30 meI 1606) qoN mgroN, gurU hirgoibMd swihb frolI cly gey sn Aqy 4 jUn 1606 qoN dsMbr 1607 qk ie`Qy rhy sn[ aunHW dy pihly byty gurid`qw dw jnm 13 AkqUbr 1608 dy idn ie`Qy hI hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN vI gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy iPr gurU hir rwie swihb vI Aksr ie`Qy AwauNdy rihMdy hn qy bhuq idn ie`Qy guzwirAw krdy sn[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI pqnI (mwqw) dmodrI, swlI (mwqw) rwmo, sWFU BweI sWeIN dws, shurw BweI nwrwiex dws, s`s (mwqw) dXw kOr dI mOq sMn 1631 ivc iek bImwrI PYl jwx kwrn ie`Qy hI hoeI sI[ iesy frolI ipMf dw nMd cMd sMGw gurU goibMd isMG jI dy smyN drbwrI dIvwn sI[ sMn 1691 ivc aus dy AnMdpur qoN B`j jwx mgroN BweI mnI isMG nUM aus dI QW ’qy drbwrI dIvwn lwieAw igAw sI (vyKo: nMd cMd)[

     ies ipMf ivc iqMn gurduAwry hn: 1. gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb pwqSwhI CyvIN qy sqvI 2. jnm AsQwn bwbw gurid`qw {ieh BweI sWeIN dws dw Gr sI[ ies gurduAwry ivc sMn 1691 qoN pihlW dw iliKAw gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp mOjUd hY (ieh auhI srUp hY jo kuJ audwsIAW ny iqAwr kr ky dIvwn nMd cMd sMGw nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dy ASIrvwd rUpI dsq^qW vwsqy id`qw sI Aqy auh AnMdpur swihb qoN corI Awpxy ipMf lY AwieAw sI)[ ies qoN ielwvw frOlI ivc gurU jI dIAW iqMn ic`TIAW, cwr bsqr, iek lkVI dI v`fI pytI, iek mwlw, kuJ moqI vI sMBwly pey hn[ ieh dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh sB cIzW gurU swihb dIAW sn; pr mwlw qW XkInn gurU swihb dI nhIN ho skdI ikauNik mwlw dw is`KI nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY} 3. AMgITw swihb mwqw dmodrI (ie`Qy 1631 ivc mwqw dmodrI, mwqw rwmo, BweI sWeIN dws, BweI nwrwiex dws, mwqw dXw kOr Awid dw sskwr hoieAw sI)[

     ies ipMf ivc pRwcIn simAW dw iek KUh vI hY ij`QoN ielwky dy lokW dI pwxI dI zrUrq pUrI huMdI sI[ aunHW idnW ivc ies ielwky ivc pwxI dI bhuq kmI sI (mgroN lokW ny ieh g`l vI bxw leI sI ik ieh KUh gurU jI ny pwxI dI ik`lq dUr krn vwsqy Awp hdwieqW dy ky KudvwieAw sI).

 

dmdmw swihb pwqSwhI CyvIN qy sqvIN

 

jnm AsQwn bwbw gurid`qw

 

gurduAwrw AMgITw mwqw dmodrI

dVOlI Bwqpur

 AnMdpur swihb qoN qkrIbn 10 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek au~cI phwVI ’qy iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY (pihlW iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI)[ keI hor gurduAwirAW vW| ies gurduAwry ivc vI ik g`p khwxI dw borf l`gw hoieAw hY ik gurU jI ny ie`Qy iek pirvwr dy swry jixAW dw kohV dw rog dUr kIqw sI; ies khwxI dw pRcwr krn vwsqy hux ies dw nW gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN dI jgh ‘gurduAwrw kuSt invrwx swihb’ r`K id`qw igAw hY.

gurduAwry ivc l`gw borf

drbwr swihb

 AMimRqsr srovr dy ivckwr gurU Arjn swihb dw bxwieAw dIvwn AsQwn[ gurU Arjn swihb ny sMn 1581 ivc gurg`dI dI syvw sMBwlI sI[ kuJ swl qW aunHW nUM ipRQI cMd dIAW swizSW dw mukwblw krnw ipAw sI[ jd aus dIAW swizSW bynkwb ho geIAW sn qW gurU swihb ny pMQk syvw nUM jQybMdk qrIky nwl ivaUNqxw SurU kr idqw sI[ aunHW ny sMn 1586 ivc AMimRqsr srovr nUM p`ikAW krvwieAw sI[ do swl mgroN sMqoKsr srovr vI p`kw ho igAw sI[ 3 jnvrI 1588 dy idn Awp ny AMimRqsr srovr ivc drbwr sihb dI nINh r`KI (mgroN au~nIvIN sdI ivc iek swzSI muslmwn ilKwrI bUty Swh ny ieh pRcwr kIqw sI ik drbwr swihb dI nINh sweIN mIAW mIr ny r`KI sI[ keI bysmJ is`K lyKkW ny vI ies swzSI pRcwr nUM A`KW mIt ky kbUl kr ilAw sI (ienHW ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy keI bysmJ mulwzm qy pRbMDk vI Swiml hn)[ bUty Swh qoN pihlW iksy vI is`K somy ivc mIAW mIr dw izkr qk nhIN hY)[ drbwr swihb nUM iqAwr hox ivc qkrIbn 13 swl lg gey sn[ drbwr swihb dI mOjUdw iemwrq dw AMdrUnI ih`sw 12.25 X 12.25 mItr hY; ies dy bwhr dI iPrnI 9.7 X 19.7 mItr hY[ drbwr swihb pu`jx vwsqy iek pul bxwieAw igAw hY jo 221 &ut (60 mItr) lMbw Aqy 21 &ut (6 mItr) cOVw hY[ pul dy hyTW 38 surgduAwrIAW hn[ srovr dI lMbweI cOVweI 510 X 490 &ut (154.5 X 148.5 mur`bw mItr hY; ies dI fUMGweI qkrIbn 17 &ut (5.1 mItr) hY[ srovr dy bwhr dI iPrnI 13 &ut cOVI hY[

     sMn 1601 ivc ies QW ’qy gurU Arjn swihb sMgqW nUM drSn dyx lg pey sn[ 16 Agsq 1604 dy idn ies QW ’qy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1609 qoN 31 dsMbr 1612 dy idn qk gurU hirgoibMd swihb ies QW ’qy dIvwn sjwauNdy rhy sn[ jnvrI 1613 qoN AkqUbr 1619 qk gurU jI gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc kæYd rhy sn[ ies smyN dOrwn bwbw bu`Fw qy BweI gurdws ies QW dI syvw sMBwl krdy rhy sn[ 28 dsMbr 1620 dy idn gurU jI muV ies QW Awey sn Aqy ies mgroN aunHW ny ies dI syvw sMBwl Awpxy ccyry Brw imhrbwn (pu`qr ipRQI cMd mIxw) nUM sMBwl id`qI sI[ sMn 1696 ivc imhrbwn dy pu`qr hirjI dI mOq qk ies QW dw pRbMD ies mIxw pirvwr kol irhw sI[ iPr mwrc 1698 qk ieh QW qkrIbn vIrwn rhI sI[ mwrc 1698 ivc gurU dw c`k (rwmdwspurw, AMimRqsr) dIAW sMgqW ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb ƒ Arz kIqI sI ik mIxy AMimRqsr C`f ky cly gey hn, qusIN iksy muKI is`K ƒ au~QoN dI syvw sMBwlx vwsqy Byj idau[ gurU swihb ny BweI mnI isMG ƒ pMj isMG (gulzwr isMG, BUpq isMG, koier isMG cMdrw, dwn isMG, kIrq isMG) nwl dy ky AMimRqsr dw ieMcwrj bxw ky ByijAw sI[ BweI mnI isMG 2 meI 1698 dy idn AMimRqsr pu`jw sI Aqy 3 meI ƒ drbwr swihb ’c nIlw inSwn swihb Julw ky gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS kIqw sI[ ies qoN bwAd BweI mnI isMG AMimRqsr hI rihx l`g ipAw sI[ hux AMimRqsr ivc sMgqW dobwrw Awaux l`g peIAW sn[ BweI mnI isMG hr roz kQw krn l`g ipAw sI[ 5 Aqy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq ƒ jdoN gurU swihb ny AnMdpur swihb C`ifAw sI qW BweI mnI isMG AMimRqsr hI sI[ jd gurU jI qlvMfI swbo ivc sn qW auh gurU jI nUM imlx igAw sI[ ip`Cy aus dy pMj swQI drbwr swihb dI syvw sMBwl krdy rhy sn[jdoN gurU jI  qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx cl gey qW BweI mnI isMG vI aunHW dy nwl igAw sI[ 20 &rvrI 1707 ƒ AOrMgzyb mr igAw[ aus vyly gurU swihb bGOr ivc sn[ hux eyQoN 19 mwrc 1707 dy idn Awp ny BweI mnI isMG qy cwr hor is`KW ƒ AMimRqsr vwips jwx vwsqy ivdw kr id`qw sI[

BweI mnI isMG ny AMimRqsr Aw ky Pyr dIvwn sjwxy SurU kr id`qy sn[ auDr 6-7 AkqUbr 1708 dI rwq dy idn gurU swihb joqI joiq smw gey sn[ ies qoN pihlW auh 5 AkqUbr ƒ bwbw bMdw isMG ƒ pMjwb qor cu`ky sn[ bwbw bMdw isMG ny is`KW ƒ jQybMd krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[

auDr, BwvyN mIxy sMn 1697 ivc AMimRqsr qoN jw ky cu`ky sn pr aunHW dw iek mu^iqAwr cUhV m`l Ajy vI au~Qy hI sI[ cUhV m`l dy do pu`qr sn: mohkm isMG (jo isMG sj igAw sI) Aqy rwmU m`l[ ivswKI (29 mwrc 1709) dy idnW ivc ies cUhV m`l nwl is`KW dw kuJ qUqW dy dr`^qW dy mu`l dyx ’qy JgVw ho igAw sI[ nwl hI aus ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb vyly GtIAw i&kry vI boly sn[ ies ’qy isMGW ny aus dI ‘syvw’ kr id`qI sI[ auh siVAw-bilAw lwhOr drbwr jw hwizr hoieAw sI[ pihlW qW lwhOr drbwr ny aus dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI pr A^Ir aus v`loN vwr-vwr ArzoeI krn ’qy lwhOr dy nwieb sUbydwr ny p`tI dy cODrI hr shwie ƒ gurU dw c`k ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy AwK id`qw sI[ hr shwie ny 6 ApRYl 1709 dy idn AMimRqsr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ BweI mnI isMG qy BweI qwrw isMG f`l-vW dI AgvweI hyT isMGW ny p`tI dI &Oj dy ^Ub AwhU lwhy sn[ cODrI hr shwie BweI qwrw isMG f`l-vW h`QoN mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN cUhV m`l 12 ApRYl ƒ dyvw nW dy cODrI dI kmwn hyT Pyr &Oj lY AwieAw sI[ isMGW ny ies &Oj ƒ vI burI qrHW pCwiVAw sI[ ies mgroN kuJ icr Awrwm irhw sI[

26 sqMbr 1709 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG ny smwxy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ies nwl pMjwb ivc is`KW dw bolbwlw kwiem hox l`g ipAw sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW ij`qW mgroN muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh Awp v`fI &Oj lY ky lwhOr Aw igAw sI[ ies dOrwn bMdw isMG bhwdr phwVW v`l inkl igAw sI[ BweI mnI isMG vI hwlwq ƒ smJdy hoey AMimRqsr qoN clw igAw sI[ bhwdr Swh ny 30 dsMbr 1711 ƒ AjIq isMG pwilq ƒ AMimRqsr dI jwgIr dy id`qI sI, qW jo aus ƒ bwbw bMdw isMG dy iKlw& vriqAw jw sky[ &rvrI 1712 ivc bhwdr Swh mr igAw qy AjIq isMG pwilq AMimRqsr qoN vwips id`lI clw igAw sI[ies dOrwn BweI mnI isMG kuJ icr JMg dy ielwky ivc vI irhw sI [ 9 mwrc 1716 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ShId kr id`qw igAw sI[ bMdw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN Agly iqMn swl is`KW vwsqy bVy AOKy sn[ pMjwb dy iksy Sihr ivc iek vI is`K nzr nhIN AwauNdw sI, Aqy gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc qW iksy is`K dy hox dw svwl hI nhIN sI pYdw huMdw sI[ sMn 1719 ivc s`Xd BrwvW ny &r`^sIAr bwdSwh nUM AMinHAW kr id`qw sI qy iPr mwr vI id`qw sI[ ies nwl id`lI hI nhIN pMjwb ivc vI byXkInI vwly hwlwq pYdw ho gey sn, ijs kr ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr ny vI is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc idlcspI lYxI C`f id`qI sI[ ies mgroN BweI mnI isMG AMimRqsr muV AwieAw sI Aqy is`K iPr drbwr swihb Awaux lg pey sn[ 18 AkqUbr 1723 dy idn ie`Qy Amr isMG bMdeI Aqy inhMgW ivckwr drbwr swihb dI syvw sMBwl dw JgVw hoieAw sI (ijs nUM mgroN Zlq qOr ’qy q`q-bMdeI JgVw kih ky pRcwirAw igAw sI)[ ies mgroN AMimRqsr dI syvw sMBwl BweI mnI isMG dy izMmy rhI sI[ 29 mwrc 1733 dy idn is`KW dw zkrIAw ^wn sUbydwr lwhOr nwl smJOqw ho igAw sI qy ieh ngr is`KW dI jwgIr dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[ kuJ mhIny ie`Qy SWqI rhI sI; pr CyqI hI zkrIey qy is`KW ivckwr smJOqw tu`t igAw sI[ hux is`KW dw drbwr swihb Awauxw qkrIbn bMd ho igAw sI[ sMn 1733 dI AkqUbr ivc BweI mnI isMG ny hkUmq nwl g`lbwq kr ky 10 hzwr rupey dy tYks dI AdwiegI dI Srq ’qy dIvwlI vwly idnW ivc AMimRqsr ’c isMGW dw iek iek`T s`idAw sI[ ieh iek`T 20 qoN 26 AkqUbr 1733 ƒ hoxw sI[[ iek pwsy muZl hkUmq ny iejwzq dy id`qI sI pr dUjy pwsy &Oj ƒ cOks kr id`qw qW jo mOky ’qy hmlw kr ky v`D qoN v`D isMG ShId jW igR&qwr kIqy jw skx[ ies AYkSn vwsqy lKpq rwey vzIr ƒ qwienwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ aus ny AMimRqse AwauNdy keI is`K igR&qwr kr ky ShId kIqy vI sn[ ieh ^br BweI mnI isMG q`k vI pu`j geI sI Aqy aus ny is`KW nUM AwauxoN rok id`qw sI, ijs nwl v`fw iek`T nhIN ho sikAw sI[ cVHwvw nw cVHn kr ky BweI mnI isMG im`QI rkm qwr nhIN sikAw sI[ A^Ir BweI mnI isMG ny sMn 1734 dI ivswKI  (9 ApRYl 1734) q`k dI muhlq hwisl kr leI sI[ ivswKI ’qy vI muZl &OjW ny is`KW ’qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI kr r`KI sI[ ies dOrwn hI mOlwinAW ny vI zkrIAw ^wn nUM is`KW dy i^lw& BVkwieAw sI Aqy ikhw ik qUM is`KW nUM Sih nw dyh[ aunHW sgoN swry is`KW nUM ^qm krn vwsqy BVkwieAw sI[ ies ’qy zkrIAw ^wn ny AMimRqsr &Oj Byj id`qI sI Aqy BweI mnI isMG Aqy au~Qy rih rhy bwkI is`KW ƒ igR&qwr kr ilAw sI[mnI isMG dy nwl aus dw Brw jgq isMG, do pu`qr (icqr isMG qy gurb^S isMG), gulzwr isMG, (bytw ShId Awlm isMG) sMgq isMG qy rx isMG (pu`qr nTIAw), mnI isMG dI isMGxI bsMq kOr ƒ vI igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ ieh swry mnI isMG dy pirvwrW ivcoN hI sn[ ienHW qoN ielwvw BUpq isMG pu`qr jyTw isMG, mohkm isMG, AaulIAw isMG, kIrq isMG pu`qr &qih isMG, kwhn isMG qy keI horW ƒ vI igR&qwr kIqw igAw sI[ ienHW swirAW ƒ lwhOr dy kYdKwny ivc qsIhy id`qy gey sn[ ienHW ƒ “mOq” Aqy “ieslwm” ivcoN iek dI cox krn dI pySkS kIqI geI sI, pr, swirAw ny ShIdI kbUl kIqI sI[ BweI mnI isMG ƒ bMd-bMd k`t ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ BweI BUpq isMG dIAw A`KW k`F ky aunHW ƒ crKVI ’qy cwVH ky ShId kIqw igAw sI[ BweI gulzwr isMG jI ƒ pu`Tw ltkw ky aus dI K`l auqwrI geI sI[ ieM\ hI bwkI isMGW ƒ vI vihSI qrIky nwl ShId kIqw igAw sI[

sMn 1739 dy A^Ir ivc zkrIAw ^wn ny drbwr swihb nUM m`sw rMGV dy hvwly kr id`qw sI[ aus ny ies QW nUM A`XwSI vwsqy vrqxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn BweI su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo qy mihqwb isMG mIrWkotIey ny m`sw rMGV dw isr v`F ky aus dw kMm ^qm kIqw sI[ ies mgroN iPr drbwr swihb aujwV ipAw irhw sI[ sMn 1746 ivc lKpq Aqy XwhIAw ^wn dy g`dI qoN htx qoN mgroN is`K dobwrw ie`Qy Awauxy SurU ho gey sn[  sMn 1757 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny ies nUM Fwh ky srovr nUM pUr id`qw sI[ is`KW ny sMn 1758 ivc srovr dw mlbw kF ky drbwr swihb nUM muV auswr ilAw sI[ sMn 1762 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny ies nUM bwrUd nwl aufw ky iblkul hI mlIAw myt kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1765 ivc pMjwb ’qy is`KW dw kbzw ho igAw qW aunHW ny drbwr swihb dI muV auswrI SurU kr id`qI sI[ v`K-v`K srdwrW ny cwr l`K rupY iek`Ty kIqy sn Aqy bweI dys rwj kol jmHw krvw id`qy sn[ aunHIN idnI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw, jY isMG kn`eIAw, qwrw isMG ZYbw qy cVHq isMG Sukrc`kIAw ny Kurjw (XU.pI. dw iek Sihr) ’qy hmlw kIqw sI[ aunHW ny gurmqw kIqw ik ies ngr ivcoN hwisl hoieAw swrw ^zwnw drbwr swihb dI auswrI vwsqy Byt kr id`qw jwvygw[ ies hmly ivc aunHW nUM jo rkm imlI aus ivcoN iek l`K rupY vI syT kroVI m`l (iek irvwieq muqwibk BweI dys rwj) kol jmHw krvw id`qy sn qy aus rkm Aqy sMgqW dy hor cVHwvy nwl drbwr swihb Aqy AMimRqsr (srovr) dI auswrI kIqI geI sI[ sMn 1776 qk drbwr swihb, AMimRqsr (srovr), drSnI ifEFI Aqy ies qoN drbwr swihb qk jwx vwlw pul iqAwr ho cuky sn[ (ies vyly qk ies ngr dw nW ‘gurU dw c`k’ Aqy ‘c`k rwmdws’ cldw sI[ AMimRqsr qW srovr dw nW sI; mgroN sMn 1800 dy krIb ies nUM srovr dy nW ’qy ies ngr dw nW AMimRqsr hI mShUr ho igAw sI)[

     BMgI imsl (qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) ny ies dIAW kMDW ’qy sony dy pqry cVHwauxy SurU kIqy sn; iPr guMbdW ’qy vI sonw cVHwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1780 qoN mgroN ies QW ’qy sUrq isMG inrmlw (jo kwSI Aqy hrduAwr qoN bRwhmxW qoN isiKAw lY ky AwieAw sI) gRMQI dI syvw kr lg ipAw sI[ aus ny ie`Qy inrmlw-bRwhmxI mirAwdw SurU kr id`qI sI[ aus dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr igAwnI sMq isMG gRMQI bixAw sI[ aus dy nwl aus dw pu`qr gurmuK isMG qy cylw drbwrw isMG shwiek bxy sn[ ieNHW dy smyN dOrwn drbwr swihb hOlI-hOlI inrmlw mirAwdw dw kyNdr bx igAw sI[ inrmly ivSxU qy gxyS dy pujwrI sn[ aunHW ny drbwr swihb dw nW ivSnU (hir) dy mMdr nW ’qy hirmMdr pRcwrnw SurU kr id`qw[ aunHW ny AkwlI PUlw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN, aus dy buMgy ’qy kbzw kr ky, ies dw nW buMgw Akwl Aqy iPr ‘ivSnU dw q^q’ Aqy iPr ‘Akwl q^q’ rK id`qw sI[ inrmilAW ny drbwr swihb dIAW pUrbI bwhI dIAW pOVIAW dw nW ivSnU-duAwr (hirduAwr) dI qrz ’qy ‘hir kI pauVI’ r`K id`qw sI[ aunHW ny ies vwsqy rjnI Aqy aus dy lUlHy pqI vwlI khwxI vI GV leI sI[ ieM\ hI aunHW ny rjnI vwlI khwxI vwlI QW nUM ‘ATsT qIrQ’ Aqy byrI dw nW ‘duK BMjnI byrI’ vI nW rK id`qw sI[ aunHW ny ies JUT nUM kwiem krn vwsqy kvI sMqoK isMG qoN ‘gur pRqwp sUrj pRkwS’ Aqy gurmuK isMG qy drbwr isMG qoN ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ilKvw ky sbUq kwiem krn dI koiSS vI kIqI sI[ drbwr swihb ’qy ienHW inrmly pujwrIAW dw kbzw hox kr ky aunHW ny ienHW ikqwbW qoN kQw vI SurU kr id`qI sI Aqy Boly Bwly is`KW ny ienHW dy JUT nUM s`c smJxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ AkqUbr 1920 ivc is`KW ny ienHW inrmilAW qoN drbwr swihb dw kbzw dobwrw hwisl kr ilAw sI; pr, aunHW ny ies ivc inrmilAW v`loN pRclq kIqI iksy mirAwdw nUM vI bMd nhIN sI kIqw[ sMn 1999 ivc ies kMplYks ’qy prkwS isMG bwdl dw kbzw ho igAw sI[ Awr.AYs.AYs. dw mYNbr hox kr ky  bwdl ny ies QW ’qy sgoN hor bRwhmxI mirAwdw Aqy mnmiq nUM lwgU kr id`qw sI[ A`j 2021 ivc drbwr swihb dI mirAwdw ivSnU mMdr (hirmMdr) vjoN hI inBweI jw rhI hY Aqy au~Qy qkrIbn swrw kuJ gurU nwnk swihb dy &ls&y dy ault kIqw jw irhw hY.

drbwr swihb dI sMn 1800 dI qsvIr

drbwr swihb dI 1850ivAW dI qsvIr. dUr v`fI iemwrq buMgw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG; aus dI irhwieS jo  sMn 1860 ivc Fwh id`qw geI sI

(hyTW ausy iemwrq dI nyVy dI qsvIr)

drbwr swihb dI sMn 1849 dI pYNisl nwl iqAwr kIqI pyNitMg (K`by pwsy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qy nOinhwl isMG dy buMgy (irhwieS) dy A`gy srovr ivc mhwrwjw dI byVI nzr Aw rhI hY:

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Awpxy buMgy dI C`q ’qy bYT ky au~cy gdyly ’qy bYT ky pwT suxdw hoieAw

drbwr swihb dI sMn 1854 dI qsvIr (Ajy mOjUdw iPrnI (pirkrmw) nhIN bxI sI

iksy vyly drbwr swihb dy Awly-duAwly bhuq swry buMgy sn[ 1858 dI ies qsvIr ivc swhmxy pwsy Aqy s`jy pwsy buMgy nzr Aw rhy hn

buMgw rwmgVHIAw 19vIN sdI dI &oto

 drbwr swihb A`gy crc-numw GMtw Gr, jo 1874 ivc bixAw sI qy 1946 ivc FwihAw sI:

iek byrI (ijs nUM mgroN inrmilAW ny bwbw bu`Fw dI byrI kihxw SurU kr id`qw sI) sMn 1890 dI qsvIr (koeI m`Qw nhIN sI tykdw):

drSnI ifauFI dw 1903 dw iek idRS

bwbw dIp isMG dI ShIdI vwlI QW (1920)

Akwl buMgw 1864 dI pyNitMg (fblXU isMpsn)

Akwl buMgw 1984 (BwrqI &Oj dy hmly qoN bwAd)

buMgw rwmgVHIAw (BwrqI &Oj dy hmly qoN bwAd)

AMimRqsr dw iek hvweI idRS ivc drbwr swihb qy AMimRqsr (srovr) nzr Aw irhw hY

drbwr swihb 2017 dI hvweI qsvIr

drbwr swihb ’qy sonw drbwr swihb dy p`CmI drvwzy ’qy l`gI iek q^qI aupr ieh iliKAw hoieAw hY ik drbwr sihb ’qy swrw sonw (mhwrwjw) rxjIq isMG ny cVHwieAw sI[ bhuq swry lyKk ies q^qI dy Asr hyT ieh ilK C`fdy hn ik drbwr swihb nUM vwihgurU dy drbwr dI jgh ‘golfn tYNpl’ rxjIq isMG ny bxw id`qw sI[ pr, hkIkq kuJ hor hI hY[

    sMn 1765 qoN 1803 qk gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr)’qy BMgI imsl dw kbzw sI[ gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl imsl ShIdW (AkwlIAW) kol sI[ AkwlI PUlw isMG dw fyrw buMgw AkwlIAW ivc (mOjUdw AKOqI Akwl q^q vwlI jgh ’qy) sI[ BwvyN mgroN BMgI imsl dy AwgU A`XwS ho gey sn qy niSAW ivc glqwn ho gey sn, pr pihlW aunHW ivc Dwrimk jzbwq bhuq sMjIdw sn[ aunHW ny drbwr swihb Aqy gurU dw c`k ivc bhuq pYsw ^rc kIqw sI[ sMn 1765 qoN 1804 qk aunHW ny drbwr swihb dI auswrI Aqy sjwvt vZYrw ’qy 33 l`K 55 hzwr rupY ^rc kIqy sn[ BMgI imsl ny drbwr swihb dy AMdrUnI ih`sy ivc sony dw bhuq swrw kMm krvwieAw sI[ aunHW ny sMn 1803 ivc drSnI ifEFI dy drvwzy iqAwr krvwey sn (iek irvwieq muqwibk mOjUdw drvwzy rxjIq isMG ny bxvwey sn)[ ieh drvwzy hwQI dMd dy bxy hoey hn[ {mgroN iksy ny ieh Zlq pRcwr vI SurU kr id`qw ik ieh drvwzy auhI sn ijhVy kdy somnwQ dy mMdr ’qy l`gy hoey sn Aqy mihmUd ZznvI ienHW nUM auqrvw ky ZznI lY igAw sI Aqy rxjIq isMG ny ZznI ’qy hmlw kr ky ienHW nUM ilAWdw sI Aqy drbwr swihb ivc luAwieAw sI[ ieh inrI g`p hY[ is`KW ny kdy A&Zwinsqwn ’qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[ is`KW ny kdy vI A&Zwinsqwn nhIN ij`iqAw[ auh kdy vI d`rw ^Ybr qoN pwr kwbl, kMDwr, ZznI jW jlwlwbwd ’qy kwbz nhIN rhy sn}[

     sMn 1804 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny gurU dw c`k ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hux ies dw nW AMimRqsr vI c`lx lg ipAw sI[ ies ’qy kbzw p`kw hox mgroN sMq isMG igAwnI (inrmlw) ny rxjIq isMG nUM drbwr swihb dI iemwrq nUM sony nwl mVHn v`l toirAw sI[ rxjIq isMG ny sonw ^rIdx vwsqy aus nUM audoN dy 5 l`K rupY id`qy sn[ aus ny ies kMm vwsqy Xwr muhMmd imsqrI dI syvw hwisl kIqI sI[ sB qoN pihlW drbwr swihb dy AMdr dI sunihrI C`q iqAwr kIqI geI sI[

     drbwr swihb dy bMgilAW ’qy sonw cVHwaux dw kMm is`K jrnYl hukmw isMG icmnI ny SurU kIqw sI[ aus ny d`Kx-p`CmI (ielwiecI byr vwly pwsy) dy bMgly ’qy sonw cVHwieAw sI qy bwkI iqMnW ’qy rxjIq isMG ny cVHwieAw sI [ hukmw isMG icmnI dw sonw 1 l`K 14 hzwr rupY dw sI qy rxjIq isMG dw 3 l`K 42 hzwr 635 rupY dw sI[ drbwr swihb dy ivkwrly guMbd ’qy sonw cVHwaux vwsqy kpUrQlw dy mhwrwjy &qih isMG ny 2 l`K 40 hzwr rupY id`qy sn[ ieM\ drbwr swihb dy guMbdW dy sony ivcoN rxjIq isMG dw sonw 3 l`K 42 hzwr rupY dw Aqy bwkI srdwrW dw 3 l`K 64 hzwr rupY dw sI[ pr igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw ny cwplUsI krn vwsqy drSnI ifEFI ’qy nW isr& rxjIq isMG dw hI iliKAw sI[

     rxjIq isMG dI mOq (27 jUn 1839) qoN mgroN vI drbwr swihb dI iemwrq dy guMbdW ’qy sonw cVHwieAw jWdw irhw sI[ rwxI mihqwb kOr dI ku`K qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny sMq isMG igAwnI dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG (ijs ny drbwr isMG gRMQI nwl rl ky guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN ikqwb ilKI sI) nUM drbwr swihb dy sony vwsqy 5 l`K 3 hzwr 735 rupY id`qy sn, ijs ivcoN bhuqy auh Awp fkwr igAw sI (lwhOr drbwr dy q^q dy JgVy ivc gurmuK isMG nUM sMn 1843 ivc kql kr id`qw igAw sI)[

     ies mgroN vI drbwr swihb ’qy sonw cVHdw irhw sI[ sMn 1846 ivc drSnI ifEFI dy bMgilAW ’qy sonw cVHwieAw igAw sI[ iek bMgly dy sony ivc ih`sw pwaux vwsqy dIvwn mUl rwj ny 1200 rupY id`qy sn[ drSnI ifEFI dI AMdrlI C`q vwsqy sonw jINd dy rwjy sMgq isMG ny id`qw sI[ bwhr sony dI iek surwhI vwsqy BweI pRym isMG ny sonw id`qw sI[ dIvwrW dw sonw BwgovwlIey srdwrW ny id`qw sI[ 

     drbwr swihb dy nwl lgdy srovr dw iqgoSw (ijs nUM inrmly bRwhmx pujwrIAW ny ‘hir kI pOVI’ kihxw SurU kr id`qw sI) sMn 1837 ivc iqAwr hoieAw sI[ ieh drbwrw isMG inrmlw pujwrI (ijs ny gurmuK isMG nwl iml ky ‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ ikqwb ilKI sI) dI ingrwnI hyT iqAwr hoieAw sI[ ies qoN au~pr jwx vwsqy jo 19 pOVIAW hn aunHW ayu~qy vI sunihrI bMgly bxy hoey hn[ pOVIAW dI AMdrlI C`q ’qy k`cI sunihrI iglf rxjIq isMG ny krvweI hoeI sI[ ies nUM p`kw krn vwsqy sMn 1860 ivc jINd dy rwjy sMgq isMG ny XwrHW hzwr rupY ^rcy sn[

     drbwr swihb dy pUrbI drvwzy Aqy srovr dy ivckwr dIAW C`qW rxjIq isMG Aqy kuMvr KVk isMG ny cWdI dIAW bxvweIAW sn[ sMn 1851 ivc ienHW nUM sunihrI bxvwieAw igAw sI[ ies ipCvwVy ’qy bxI iemwrq dI dUjI mMizl (ij`Qy gurU gRMQ swihb dy v`f AkwrI srUp dw pRkwS hY) nUM AmIr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ny sunihrI krvwieAw sI[

     drbwr swihb dy AMdr C`q qlweI Aqy sony dI nukrweI dovyN pwsy qwrw isMG ZYbw ny sMn 1805 ivc krvweI sI[ qIjy pwsy sunihrI krn dw ^rc sMn 1805 ivc hI srdwrW pRqwp isMG qy j`sw isMG ny kIqw sI[ cOQy pwsy nUM sunihrI krn dw ^rc gMfw isMG ipSOrIey ny kIqw sI[ dUjI mMizl dI C`q soBw isMG n`keI ny sunihrI krvweI sI[ qIjI mMizl dI C`q pRymI rwm ikSn, AmIr cMd Aqy lwl cMd KqrI ny Awpxy prvwr dy is`KI ivc Swiml hox dI ^uSI ivc sunihrI krvweI sI[

     drbwr swihb dI sB qoN auprlI C`q ’qy iek 12 drvwizAW vwlw guMbd hY[ ies dy cwry pwsy 36 klS hn[ ieh guMbd kpUrQlw dy rwjy Bwg isMG qy aus dy pu`qr rwjw &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny bxvwieAw sI[ ies dy 12 drvwizAW ’qy sunihrI kMm bsMq isMG KyVI vwilAW ny krvwieAw sI[ ies dy Coty-Coty gol guMbd rxjIq isMG ny bxvwey sn[

     drbwr swihb ’qy sunihrI vZYrw dw kul ^rc 64 l`K 11 hzwr rupY AwieAw sI[ ies ivcoN 33 l`K 55 hzwr rupY BMgI imsl dy srdwrW ny, 16 l`K 39 hzwr rupY mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny, 6 l`K 41 hzwr rupY &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny, 5 l`K rupY mhwrwjw KVk isMG ny, 2 l`K 33 hzwr rupY mhwrwxI sdw kOr ny, 85 hzwr rupY mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny, 3 l`K 17 hzwr rupY rwxI nkYx (Swied dwqwr kOr jW kwhn isMG dI pqnI) ny, qy 1 l`K 14 hzwr 200 rupY hukmw isMG icmnI ny ^rc kIqy sn[

     drbwr swihb dI iemwrq ’qy kul qkrIbn 750 iklo (qkrIbn 20 mx) sonw l`gw hY; ijs ivcoN AMdrly ih`sy ivc 100 iklo (qkrIbn pOxy 3 mx) hY[ ies ivcoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw sonw qkrIbn 8 mx bxdw hY[audoN sony dI kImq qkrIbn 20 rupY qolw (qkrIbn 1600 rupY syr Aqy qkrIbn 64000 rupY mx sI)[ rxjIq isMG dy cVHwey 8 kU mx sony dI kImq audoN dy 5-6 l`K sI Aqy bwkI ^rc n`kwSI qy imhnqwny ’qy ^rc AwieAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny swrw pYsw, qkrIbn 16 l`K ruipAw, inrmly pujwrI igAwnI sMq isG dy rwhIN ^ricAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies ivcoN bhuq swrI rkm sMq isMG igAwnI Aqy aus dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG (‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ dy iek lyKk) ny hVp leI sI[ dUjy pwsy mhwrwjw rxjIq isG ny bnwrs dy sunihrI mMdr ’qy 33 mx sonw (audoN dy 22 l`K rupY dw) Aqy purI dy jgn nwQ mMdr ’qy 46 mx sonw (audoN dy 30 l`K rupY dw) cVHwieAw sI[ ieM\ hI jMmU dy rGUnwQ mMdr, kWgVw, juAwlwmuKI Aqy purmMfl dy mMdrW ’qy keI-keI mx sonw id`qw sI[ ieh swrw qkrIbn  2 qo 5 kroV rupY qk dI kImq dw sonw sI.

drbwr swihb qy Akwl q^q

     drbwr swihb kMplYks ivc ijs QW ’qy Aj-klH ‘Akwl q^q’ nW dI iemwrq jW gurduAwrw hY, ieh dr Asl AkwlIAW dw buMgw sI (AkwlI nYxw isMG qy aus mgroN AkwlI PUlw isMG dw invws ie`Qy sI; aunHW dy bhuqy swQI ‘CwvxI inhMgW’, ij`Qy hux burj AkwlI PUlw isMG hY, ivc irhw krdy sn)[ ies buMgy nUM ‘AkwlIAW dw buMgw’ jW ‘Akwl buMgw’ ikhw jWdw sI[ ies buMgy dy dy nyVy iek QVHw sI ij`Qy bYT ky gurU hirgoibMd swihb drbwr lwieAw krdy sn[ AMimRqsr (srovr) ivcly drbwr swihb dy AMdr qW audoN isr& do FweI sO lok bYT skdy sn[ ies kr ky gurU jI ies QVHy ’qy bYiTAw krdy sn (ies QW ’qy hux gurduAwrw QVHw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY)[ sMn 1634 qoN mgroN ie`Qy koeI drbwr nhIN sI ligAw (isr& iek vwr, 22 nvMbr 1664 dy idn, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny ies QVHy A`gy dIvwn sjwieAw sI)[ 1634 qoN mgroN drbwr swihb dw pRbMD mIixAW kol sI (ipRQI cMd mIxy dw pu`qr imhrbwn qy aus dw pu`qr hirjI ie`Qy sMn 1634 qoN 1696 qk kwbz rhy sn)[ sMn 1698 ivc ie`Qy BweI mnI isMG Aw igAw sI Aqy auh sMn 1734 qk ie`Qy rhy qy kQw krdw irhw sI[ ies mgroN drbwr swihb ’qy muZlW Aqy A&ZwnW dw is`Dw jW Ais`Dw kbzw irhw sI qy jW ieh QW ^wlI ipAw irhw sI[ sMn 1765 qoN mgroN ie`Qy is`KW dw p`kw kbzw ho igAw sI[ ies dy nwl hI ies ngr ivc buMgy bxny SurU ho gey sn[ hr iek imsl dw Aqy keI srdwrW dy Awpxy Awpxy buMgy sn[ ies ngr ivc 72 buMigAW dy hox dw pqw lgdw hY[ AkwlIAW dw buMgw bx jwx ip`CoN aunHW dI imsl dy AwgU (pihloN AkwlI nYxw isMG qy iPr AkwlI PUlw isMG ies buMgy ivc rihMdy rhy sn)[AkwlI PUlw isMG dI mOq mgroN ies buMgy dI AhmIAq Gt geI sI, auN\ iemwrq kwiem rhI sI; mgroN ies buMgy au~qy drbwr swihb dy gRMQI igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr gurmuK isMG dw kbzw ho igAw sI[

     vIhvIN sdI dy A^Ir qk is`K pMQ ivc Akwl q^q l&z nhIN sI AwieAw[ myry sxy, ijhVy qvwrI^ lyKk ATwrHvIN sdI ivc Akwl q^q ’qy hox vwly ‘srbq Kwlsw’ ie`kTW (^ws kr ky sMn 1733, 1747, 1748, 1763, 1765 Awid) dw izkr krdy hn, aunHW dw mqlb ieh huMdw hY ik Akwl q^q nW dI mOjUdw iemwrq dy mUhry hox vwly iek`T, nw ik iksy q^q ’qy hoey hoey iek`T[ ‘Akwl q^q dI iemwrq’ dw bqOr q^q isDWq drbwr swihb dy gRMQI igAwnI sMq isMG inrmlw dy pu`qr igAwnI gurmuK isMG dw GiVAw hoieAw hY[ Akwl buMgy ’qy kbzw krn mgroN igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ies buMgy ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw prkwS kr ky ieh prcwrnw SurU kr id`qw ik ieh gurU jI dw q^q sI[ kuJ Boly lokW ny au~Qy vI m`Qw tykxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ hor qW hor hrI isMG nlvw qk aus dy prcwr dy Asr hyTW Aw igAw sI Aqy aus ny sMn 1835 ivc igAwnI gurmuK isMG nUM iek l`K rupY dy ky q^q dI Cy mMizlW iemwrq bxwaux Aqy ies ’qy sonw lwaux vwsqy ikhw sI[ sMn 1837 ivc nlvy dI mOq mgroN igAwnI gurmuK isMG qoN ihswb mMgx vwlw koeI nhIN sI; ies kr ky igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ies ivcoN bhuq pYsw hzm kr ilAw sI[ ie`Qy ieh izkr vI kr idAW ik igAwnI gurmuK isMG dI sMDwvwlIAW (AjIq isMG, Aqr isMG) nwl bhuq nyVqw sI qy mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy kæql dI swizS ivc auh vI Swiml sI[

igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny ‘q^q’ dy DoKy nUM p`ikAW krn vwsqy Awpxy iek swQI drbwrw isMG (jo drbwr swihb dw iek sInIAr gRMQI sI) nwl iml ky ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ikqwb ilK id`qI sI[ ieh g`l sMn 1830-40 dy ivckwr dI hY[ ies guriblws ivc aus ny Akwl q^q bwry iek pUrw kWf ilK id`qw sI qW jo lokW ivc q^q dw nvW isDWq prcwr ky aunHW qoN cVHwvy hwisl kIqy jwx[ aus ny ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ ivc ies ikqwb dw JUTw ilKx swl sMn 1718 Aqy lyKk ‘sohn kvI’ dw nW ieSwrw ky ies dI purwqnqw dw pRBwv vI pwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ ies dy bwvjUd Awm lokW ivc Ajy q^q vwlw koeI isDWq nhIN sI[ q^q qW id`lI qy lwhOr ivc sn: iek muZlW kol qy iek mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kol[ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ qoN Cu`t iksy iek vI ikqwb ivc ‘Akwl q^q’ jW ‘q^q’ l&z qk nhIN imldw[ sqMbr 1843 dy qIjy h&qy mhwrwjw Syr isMG nUM kql krn vwly sMDwvwlIAW dy nwl aunHW dy swQIAW nUM vI mwr id`qw igAw[ aunHW ivc ieh igAwnI gurmuK isMG vI sI[ ies dy nwl hI ‘Akwl buMgw’ iPr Akwl buMgw hI rih igAw pr au~Qy gurU gRMQ siwhb dw srUp ipAw hox kr ky lok m`Qw tykdy rhy sn Aqy ieh iek nvW gurduAwrw bx igAw hoieAw sI[ ies qoN bwAd vI ies QW dw nW ‘Akwl q^q’ vjoN ikqy nhIN imldw[

     sMn 1877 ivc jdoN Kym isMG bydI, rwjw ibkrmw isMG &rIdkot Aqy aunHW dy ihmwieqI pujwrIAW ny pRo&Ysr gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& “morcw” lwieAw qW pihlI vwrI l&z ‘q^q Akwl buMgw’ vriqAw igAw[ aus nwtk ivc vI Ajy vI ieh koeI q^q nhIN sI, blik iek gurduAwrw Aqy buMgw sI[ pRo. gurmuK isMG dy i^lw& jwrI hoieAw AKOqI hukmnwmw ‘q^q Akwl buMgw’ v`loN nhIN sI blik aus buMgy dy pujwrI dy nwl hor keI Ahudydwr, pujwrI, srbrwh, reIs, gRMQI, mhMq, ArdwsIey, nMbrdwr, muhqimm, p`qIdwr, suK Awsx krn vwly, DUpIey (drbwr swihb ivc DU& bwlx vwly), inSwncI (inSwn swihb dI syvw krn vwly) vI sn; Xwin AKOqI hukmnwmw iksy q^q jW srbrwh jW gRMQI/pujwrI v`loN nhIN sI blik iek DVy nwl sbMDq lokW v`loN sI[ Xwin Ajy qk vI koeI AKOqI Akwl q^q nhIN sI[ Akwl buMgy ’qy Ajy vI mhMq, muhqimm, pujwrI qy p`qIdwr sn; koeI AKOqI jQydwr qW kI koeI gRMQI vI nhIN sI (hyTW AKOqI hukmnwmy hyTW dsq^q krn vwilAW dy AhuidAW bwry sw& vyiKAw jw skdw hY):

hm jumly isMGwn pujwrIAn q^q swihb Akwl buMgw v drbwr swihb jI v bwbw Atl rwie jI v JMfw buMgw swihb v ShId buMgw swihb ny mulwhjy kwrvweI gurmuK isMG skiqR kw kIAw[ mwlUm hUAw hY ik ies S^s ny cMd jgw bri^lw& gurieSt ky qOhIn gurU gRMQ swihb v gurU AMs v gurbwnI ky qihrIr v qkrIr kIAw hY ijs sy swbq hoqw hY ik aus kw eykdwd is`K Drm sy iblkul bri^lw& hY[ ies vwsqy hm qmwm pujwrIAn v gRMQIAn v nMbrdwr gurduAwry hwie mddUh qihjIr krqy hYN ik gurmuK isMG mjkUr pMQ Kwlsw sy Alihdw kIAw igAw hY[ gurduAwry hwie mOsU& aus kI Ardws nw hogI v brqwau n hogw[ qmwm isMGwn ko vwizAw rhy ik koeI S^s aus kw pYrokwr nw ho[ jo S^s aus kI pYrvI krygw vuh BI bymuK lwiek qn^wh smJw jweygw[ AOr vYsw hI slUk aus ky swQ BI kIAw jwvygw[ Pkwq v qwrI^ sqvIN mwh cyq 418 gurU nwnkSwhI, muqwibk 18 mwrc sMn 1887.

dsq^q hwzrIn isMGn v auhdydwrwAn v gRMQIAn v pujwrIAn: srdwr mwn isMG srbrwh gurduAwry swihbwn, s: kwnH isMG mjIiTAw reIs, BweI hrnwm isMG gRMQI drbwr swihb, BweI gulwb isMG mhMq Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI qyjw isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI jvwhr isMG muhqimm Akwl buMgw swihb, BweI pRqwp isMG, suMdr isMG, Syr isMG, BweI krm isMG ArdwsIAw drbwr swihb, srdwr jsvMq isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Twkr isMG pujwrI, BweI dyvw isMG DUpIAw, BweI mulqwnw isMG, BweI sMqw isMG pujwrI, BweI hridq isMG ArdwsIAw, BweI mhW isMG, BweI tyk isMG p`qIdwr Akwl buMgIAw, cMcl isMG, gulwb isMG Akwl buMgIAw p`qIdwr, gulwb isMG pujwrI drbwr swihb, Aqr isMG Akwl buMgIAw, BweI nwrwiex isMG nMbrdwr bwbw At`l rwie swihb jI, BweI jvwhr isMG, BweI DMnw isMG bwbw Atl rwie jI dy suKeI, BweI drbwrw isMG JMfy buMgIAw, BweI ikrpwl isMG jI JMfy buMgIAw, gurid`q isMG inSwncI, BweI sMq isMG nMbrdwr, BweI nwrwiex isMG jI gRMQI qrn qwrn swihb[

      drAsl ‘Akwl q^q’ l&z dI vrqoN sMn 1920 qoN pihlW ikqy nhIN imldI[ 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn Akwl q^q swihb dI iemwrq ^wlI peI vyK ky ies dI syvw sMBwl vwsqy sMgqW ivcoN cuxy gey jQy dy muKI nUM ‘Akwl buMgw dI syvw sMBwl’ krn vwly ‘jQy dw jQydwr’ ikhw igAw sI[ ieh koeI iksy AKOqI Akwl q^q dw jW is`K kOm dw jQydwr nhIN sI; hW aus dw kMm Aqy drjw A`j dy drSnI ifauFI A`gy cob (fMfw) PV ky KVHy cOkIdwr jW kVwh pSwd vrqwaux vwly syvwdwr, Aqy, hukmnwmw lYx qy Ardws krn vwly vwly pujwrI vwlw zrUr sI[

     is`K qvwrI^ ivc ikqy vI iksy ‘AKOqI jQydwr’ v`loN kOm dy msilAW ’qy koeI Adwlq clwaux dI koeI imswl nhIN hY[  hor qW hor sMn 1928 ivc jdoN qyjw isMG BsOV dy i^lw& ‘hukmnwmw’ jwrI kIqw igAw sI qW audoN vI ‘Dwrimk slwhkwr kmytI’ Aqy SRomxI kmytI dI AYZzYkitv’ ny qyjw isMG dy i^lw& ‘hukmnwmw’ iqAwr kIqw sI, nw ik buMgw Akwl (q^q) dy pujwrI jW cwr hor pujwrIAW ny[ ieM\ hI jUn 1978 ivc inrMkwrIAW dy i^lw& hukmnwmw iqAwr krn dI syvw iek ‘kmytI’ ny kIqI sI nw ik pMj pujwrIAW ny[ ies mgroN vI Akwl q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrIAW/ syvwdwrW dw is`K qvwrI^, is`K isAwsq jW Dwrimk svwlW sbMDI koeI zrw-mwsw vI rol nhIN sI[

     Akwl  q^q dy AKOqI jQydwr dy ies nvyN Ahudy dw haUAw sMn 1982 dI dsMbr ivc swbk &OjIAW dI iek mIitMg ivc KVw kIqw igAw sI, ijs ivc mqw pws kIqw igAw sI ik iBMfrWvwilAW nUM Akwl q^q dw jQydwr bxwE[ pr iksy ny ies g`l dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[

     ies Ahudy dw Asl frwmw 1986 dI 26 jnvrI dy idn, Akwl buMgy mUhry hoey iek`T ivc SurU hoieAw sI[ (mgroN iBMfrW-mihqw jQw  v`loN ies iek`T nUM Zlq qOr ’qy ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy nW id`qw igAw sI)[ ies iek`T ivc vI jsbIr isMG rofy nUM jylH ivcoN irhw krvwaux vwsqy aus nUM AKOqI jQydwr bxw ky ies jQydwr-rUpI ‘haUey’ dw pRcwr kIqw igAw sI[ srkwr dI mdd nwl jsbIr isMG rofy nUM AKOqI jQydwr qW bxw ilAw sI pr kuJ idnW ivc hI aus dI jQydwrI dw Bog pY igAw sI qy SRomxI kmytI ny aus nUM AKOqI ‘jQydwrI’ qoN k`F mwirAw sI[ auN\ ies mgroN ies nvIN qwkq dI vrqoN krn vwsqy gurcrn isMG tOhVw Aqy bwdl ny pihlW pRo. drSn isMG qy mgroN BweI rxjIq isMG nUM lY AWdw sI[ pRo. drSn isMG ny jdoN KwVkUAW nUM kuJ isiKAw dyxI cwhI qW aus ’qy &qivAW dw mINh vrnw SurU ho igAw sI[ BweI rxjIq isMG vyly qW KwVkUAW dw kMm muk cukw sI[

     pr, ies nvyN Ahudy dI nvIN vrqoN 1999 &rvrI ivc audoN SurU hoeI sI jd pRkwS isMG bwdl dw SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ’qy kbzw ho igAw sI[ audoN qoN ies q^q bxy buMgy Aqy ies dy pujwrI  nUM bwdl AkwlI dl dy dlwl vWg vriqAw jw irhw hY[ 1999 qoN ieh Ahudw AKOqI Akwl q^q dI AKOqI Adwlq nhIN blik “pRkwS isMG bwdl dI Adwlq” vjoN kwrvweIAW krn vwsqy vriqAw jw irhw hY[ bwdl ny qW ies q^q dI iemwrq dy pujwrI nUM Dwrimk mw&IAw Adwlq vjoN vrq ky prmjIq isMG srnw qoN ielwvw ismrnjIq isMG mwn qy horW nUM nwjwiez qOr ’qy iT`T krn dI koiSS kIqI sI[

     ies qoN ielwvw inrmilAW dy jQw iBMfrW-mihqw nUM ^US krn vwsqy ienHW pujwrIAW rwhIN gurb^S isMG kwlw A&Zwnw, joigMdr isMG spoksmYn Aqy (pRo) drSn isMG rwgI Aqy fw hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ’qy vI kuhwVw clwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI sI[

     jdoN 2014 ivc hirAwxw ivc vKrI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bxI qW iesy frwmy nwl hI jgdIS isMG JINfw, dIdwr isMG nlvI Aqy hrimMdr isMG c`Tw ’qy kuhwVw clwieAw igAw sI[ 2019 ivc BweI rxjIq isMG FfrIAWvwlw ’qy ieh kuhwVw clwaux dI koiSS kIqI geI sI[

     iesy &rwf Ahudy hyT srsw fyry dy ryp qy kql dy mujirm gurmIq rwm rhIm nUM muAw&I dyx dw frwmw ricAw igAw sI[ Xwin ies nvyN pYdw kIqy gey nwjwiez Ahudy rUpI haUey nUM bwdl qy hrnwm isMG DuMmy ny injI ‘jwiedwd’ vjoN vriqAw sI[

     ies swry nUM pMQ ny n&rq dI ingwh nwl vyiKAw sI Aqy ies nwl is`KW  ivc pujwrIAW, buMgw Akwl q^q dI iemwrq, SRomxI kmytI dw Adb bhuq GitAw sI[ koeI vylw sI ik Akwl q^q l&z dw vI Adb sI[ pr hux swry ivdvwn (kuJ cwplUsW nUM C`f ky) ienHW nUM hkwrq dI ingwh nwl vyKdy hn; sYNkVy gurduAwry, jQybMdIAW qy pMQk Adwry iehnW nUM durkwrdy hn Aqy ienHW dy AKOqI hukmnwimAW nUM ju`qI dI nok nwl TukrwauNdy hn[ lokW ivc Adb dI jgh hux ieh iqRskwr dy pwqr bx cuky hn[

     Akwl q^q dy AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw nw qW is`K isDWqW jW &ls&y ivc mOjUd hY Aqy nw hI ieh is`K qvwrI^ ivc kdy sI[ drAsl ieh iek buMgw sI, gurduAwrw vI nhIN sI[

     mOjUdw srUp ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Bwrq srkwr dy iek kwnUMn hyT isr& gurduAwrw “pRbMDk” kmytI hY (qy auh vI Bwrq dy do-iqMn sUibAW dy gurduAwirAW dI)[ ies kmytI dw kMm gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl dw pRbMD krnw hY[ is`K isDWq bxwaux Aqy lwgU krn jW is`KW ’qy koeI hukm lwgU krn dw ies kol koeI h`k nhIN[ ieh SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI iek DVy dy kbzy hyT kmytI hY[ ies kmytI dI AYZzYkitv gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM mulwzm lwauNdI hY[ jdoN jIA kry AwpxI mrzI nwl aunHW nUM gRMQI lw dyNdI hY qy jdoN jIA kry k`F dyNdI hY (ijvyN igAwnI ikrpwl isMG, jsbIr isMG rofy, BweI rxjIq isMG, igAwnI pUrn isMG, BweI blvMq isMG nMdgVH k`Fy sn; Aqy joigMdr isMG vydWqI Aqy gurbcn isMG koloN AsqI&y ley sn; Aqy gurmuK isMG nUM dUjy gurduAwry ivc qbdIl kIqw sI)[ ienHW gRMQIAW qy pujwrIAW nUM smu`cw pMQ qW nhIN cuxdw[ ies pujwrI (AKOqI jQydwr) SRomxI kmytI dy qn^whdwr mulwzm hn[ ieh pMQ dy jQydwr ikvyN ho skdy hn!

     is`KW ivc iek buMgy nUM ‘Akwl q^q’ bxwaux Aqy ies dy AKOqI jQydwr dw Ahudw kwiem krnw iek swizS sI, jo hux bynkwb ho cukI hY[ is`K &ls&y muqwibk koeI AKOqI q^q nhIN qy nw hI jQydwr ho skdw hY[ q^q audoN qk sI jdoN gurU jI drbwr lwauNdy sn qy jQydwr qW iksy jQy dw huMdw hY, nw ik q^q jW gurduAwry dw[ ies kr ky nw qW iek buMgw q^q hY qy nw iek jQydwr/pujwrI kOm dw jQydwr hY.

drbwr swihb dw srovr bhuq Sor pwieAw jWdw hY ik gurduAwirAW dy nwl bxwey qlwA (ijnHW nUM srovr vI ikhw jWdw hY) piv`qr hn; aunHW dw pwxI ‘AMimRq’ hY[ ies nukqy nUM is`K Drm Aqy is`K qvwrI^ (ieiqhws) dy p`K qoN ivcwrn nwl ieh g`l iblkul Zlq swibq hMdI hY[

      jdoN ‘AMimRqsr’ qlwA (srovr) bxwieAw igAw sI audoN qW hr QW KUh jW bwaulIAW nhIN huMdyy sn Aqy pwxI dw bVw v`fw mslw sI Aqy qlwA bxw ky mINh dw pwxI sMBwlx dI loV sI, pr, hux qW kwr-syvw vwilAW Aqy horW ny hr gurduAwry dy nwl byvjh qlwA bxw id`qy hn hwlWik hux hr QW nihr jW itaUbvY~l jW pweIpW-tUtIAW Awid dy rUp ivc pwxI muh`eIAw hY[

     1564 ivc BweI jyTw (mgroN gurU rwmdws) ny is`K ngr ‘c`k’ (mgroN gurU dw ck, c`k rwmdws Aqy hux AMimRqsr) vswaux vwsqy zmIn ^rIdI sI[ iksy vI nvyN ngr dI sB qoN pihlI zrUrq pwxI dI huMdI hY, ies kr ky gurU swihb ny sMqoKsr srovr vwlI jgh ’qy qlwA putwauxw SurU kIqw sI[ pr gurU Amr dws jI dw pYZwm imlx ’qy aunHW nUM ies nvyN ngr nUM vswaux dI kwrvweI ivcy C`f ky vwips goieMdvwl jwxw ipAw sI[ sMNn 1574 ivc gurU Amr dws jI dy joqI-joiq smwaux mgroN  gurU rwmdws jI ie`Qy rihx lg pey sn[ hux aunHW ny dubwrw qlwA putwauxw SurU kIqw sI[ pr, ies vwr aunHW ny mOjUdw sMqoKsr nUM iv`cy C`f ky aus dI jgh AMimRqsr (drbwr swihb vwlw) qlwA putwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI, ikauNik Swied AMimRqsr vwlI QW sMqoKsr vwlI QW qoN vD nIvIN sI Aqy brswq dw pwxI au~Qy vDyry jmHw hoxw sI[ sMn 1576-77 ivc AMimRqsr qlwA (srovr) iqAwr ho igAw sI; iPr 1578 ivc sMqoKsr qlwA (srovr) vI iqAwr krvw ilAw igAw sI[ hux lokW vwsqy nhwaux dy pwxI dw mslw h`l ho igAw sI[ mgroN sMgq hor vD jwx kwrn gurU Arjn swihb ny rwmsr Aqy ibbyksr qlwA (srovr) vI iqAwr krvwey sn[ ies mgroN jMgl dys (hux mwlvw) Aqy hrIky v`loN Awaux vwlI sMgq vwsqy rsqy ivc pVwA krn vwsqy qrnqwrn vwlw qlwA (srovr) vI iqAwr krvw ilAw sI[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny (SmSwn vwlI QW’qy) kOlsr vI putvw ilAw sI (ies dw mwqw kOlW nwl koeI sbMD nhIN sI)[ hux lokW nUM nhwaux jW kpVy Dox vwsqy jW hwQIAW qy GoiVAW Aqy m`JW Aqy gaUAW vwsqy pwxI dI muSikl nhIN rhI sI[ ieh qlwA  (srovr) pwxI dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy sn Aqy ienHW ivc mINh dw pwxI hI sMBwilAw huMdw sI nw ik ienHW dI koeI Dwrimk AhmIAq sI[ ieh koeI AKOqI ‘AMimRq’ vwsqy nhIN sn[

     drbwr swihb dy pRbMD ’qy kbzw hox qoN bhuq smW mgroN kwSI Aqy hrduAwr qoN isiKAw lY ky Awey inrmly qy audwsI pujwrIAW ny ienHW srovrW dy pwxIAW nUM piv`qr qy AMimRq kihx dw dMB krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ies swizS hyT aunHW ny ieh khwxI GVI geI ik AMimRqsr nW dw qlwA ausy C`pV vwlI jgh ’qy bxwieAw igAw ij`QoN kW fubkI lw ky hMs bx jWdy sn[ ies g`p nUM lokW ivc mnzur krvwaux vwsqy ieh khwxI vI GV leI geI ik ie`Qy mnoklipq rjnI nW dI iek AOrq dy ipMgly pqI dw kohV qy Apwhj-puxw (AKOqI qOr ’qy) dUr hoieAw sI[ ieh g`p inrmlw lyKk kvI sMqoK isMG ny ieh soc ky GVI sI ik ies nUM iksy ‘pRwcIn’ mMdr jW imQhws nwl joV ky ies nUM imQhwsk dyviqAW dI jgh bxw id`qw jwvy[ iek byrI nUM ‘duKBMjnI byrI’ dw nW dyxw Aqy hrduAwr dI qrz ’qy drbwr swihb dIAW pOVIAW nUM ‘hir kI pOVI’ nW dyxw, Aqy iek ih`sy nUM AKOqI ‘ATsT qIrQ’ dw nW dyxw vI ies srovr nUM imQhwsk dyvI dyviqAW dI ‘pRwcIn jgh’ bxw dyx dI swizS dw ih`sw sI[ ieM\ hI sMqoKsr srovr dI putweI vyly ie`QoN ‘smwDI ivc lIn’ iek ‘jogI’ dy inklx g`p vI inrmilAW ny ieh soc ky GVI sI  ik sMqoKsr nUM vI iek ‘pRwcIn’ imQhwsk mMdr bxw id`qw jwvy[

     kvI sMqoK isMG ny qW ieh vI pRcwr kIqw sI ik ieh srovr Aqy drbwr swihb imQhwsk dyvqy ivSnU dy mMdr sn[ iesy g`l nUM kwiem krn vwsqy aus ny drbwr swihb nUM hirmMdr {hir (ivSnU) dw mMidr} dw nW dy id`qw sI[ ‘guriblws pwqSwhI CyvIN’ dy lyKkW igAwnI gurmuK isMG (Akwl buMgy dw pujwrI) qy drbwrw isMG (drbwr swihb dw pujwrI) inrmilAW ny qW ieh vI iliKAw ik ivSnU ny ieh hdwieq vI kIqI sI ik buMgw AkwlIAW nUM aus dy q^q (Akwl q^q) vjoN kwiem kIqw jwey; Xwin AKOqI Akwl q^q ‘ivSnU dw q^q’ hY[

     sMq isMG inrmlw ny gurU nwnk swihb dy nwl nklI (BweI) bwlw vI kwiem krn dI hrkq kIqI sI[ aunHW ny drSnI ifauFI dy  muK drvwzy dy au~qy gurU nwnk swihb Aqy bwlw qy mrdwnw dI mUrq bxw ky lw id`qI sI qW jo nklI bwly dw nW kwiem kIqw jw sky Aqy gurU nwnk swihb dw ieiqhws ivgwiVAw jw sky:

 

     drbwr swihb dw srovr koeI Dwrimk cIz nhIN sI[ hW! ieh qvwrI^I jgh zrUr sI ikauNik ies nUM gurU rwmdws jI ny bxwieAw sI; gurU Arjn swihb ny mukMml kIqw sI; iPr keI vwr Fwhy Aqy pUry jwx 1765 ivc is`K imslW vyly ies nUM nvyN isirEN bxwieAw igAw sI[

     ieh iek qlwA sI Aqy ies ivc byVI vI clweI jWdI sI (ijvyN dirAw pwr krn vwsqy byVI jW JIl ivc sYr vwsqy iSkwrw clwieAw jWdw hY)[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG keI vwr Awpxy buMgy qoN drbwr swihb m`Qw tykx jwx vwsqy, drSnI ifEFI dy pul qoN pYdl jwx dI bjwie, byVI rwhIN jwieAw krdw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dy irkwrf ivc sw& l&zW ivc iliKAw sI ik mhwrwjw 21 AkqUbr 1835 dy idn Awpxy buMgy qoN drbwr swihb m`Qw tykx vwsqy AwpxI byVI rwhIN igAw sI qy aus ny 511 sony dIAW muhrW m`Qw tyikAw sI[

     mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy vyly qk qW kI sMn 1900 qk vI AMimRqsr nW dy qlwA ivcoN pwxI dI ‘culI’ lYx dw koeI irvwz nhIN sI[ ieh nhwaux vwsqy iek qlwA sI[ ies ivc qW JIl vW| KyfW vI kIqIAW jWdIAW sn[ ies ivc kwZzW dIAW ikSqIAW vI clweIAW jWdIAW sn[ ies ivc in`ky in`ky iKfOxy bxw ky vI clwey jWdy sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr dy irkwrf muqwibk 13 dsMbr 1838 dy idn jdoN ibRitS ieMfIAw dw gvrnr jnrl lwrf AOklYNf Aqy aus dI BYx AYmlI eIfn gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) Awey qW aunHW dy Awaux dI ^SI ivc AMimRqsr qlwA (srovr) dy duAwly Aqy mhwrwjw dy buMgy ivc dIpmwlw kIqI geI sI Aqy AwiqSbwzI clweI geI sI[ gvrnr jnrl nUM ^uS krn vwsqy AMimRqsr qlwA (srovr) ivc v`fy Awkwr dy AjIb iksm dy jwnvrW dy qwbUq C`fy gey sn; ieM\ hI iemwrqW-rUpI iKfOxy vI srovr ivc C`fy hoey sn, jo qrdy rhy sn[ qlwA ivc bVw AdBuq nzwrw sI[

     inrmly pujwrIAW v`loN AMimRqsr (srovr) ivc hirduAwr dI qrz ’qy ivSnU dI pOVI (hir kI pauVI) bxw ky ies nUM ivSnU srovr bxwaux dI koiSS dy bwvjUd, koeI vI ies nUM AKOqI AMimRq vwly pwxI dw qlwA nhIN sI mMndw[ lok ies qlwA ivc iek Awm qlwA vW| nhwauNdy Aqy qwrIAW lwauNdy sn[ iek do vwr qW byrI (AKOqI ‘ATsT qIrQ’ vwlI QW) qoN drbwr swihb (AKOqI ‘hir kI pauVI’) qk qwrIAW lwauNdy kuJ jxy fub vI gey sn[ 17 jUn 1901 dy idn ‘Kwlsw smwcr’ ivc Cpy, BweI vIr isMG ilKq iek mzmUn ivc d`isAw igAw sI ik iek vwr iek mwmw Bwxjw ies qrHW qwrIAW lwauNdy byrI (AKOqI ‘ATsT qIrQ’ vwlI QW) qoN drbwr swihb (AKOqI ‘hir kI pauVI’) qk gey sn[ vwpsI ’qy BxyvyN dw swh tu`t igAw sI Aqy auh fu`b igAw sI[ aus idn qW aus dI lwS vI nhIN sI imlI; qIjy idn aus dI lwS qr ky aupr Aw geI sI[ ies lVky dw qwzw-qwzw ivAwh hoieAw sI Aqy ieh muklwvw lYx c`ilAw sI[ AMimRqsr dy qlwA ivc fu`bx dI ieh koeI nvIN Gtnw nhIN sI[ hr swl do-cwr qoN ds qk mOqW ho jWdIAW sn[ ieM\ ieh qlwA mukqI dw srovr bxn dI QW ’qy ienswnW dIAW ‘blIAW lYx vwlI QW’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ ie`Qy fub ky mr jwx vwilAW ivcoN keIAW dIAW mwvW ny qW drbwr swihb m`Qw tykxw hI bMd kr id`qw sI[

 

     AMimRqsr (qlwA) dy duAwly pihlW k`cw QW sI[ ies nUM p`kw krn dw kMm 1838 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kwl dy Aw^rI swl ivc SurU kIqw igAw sI[ ij`Qy hux lMgr dI eImwrq hY, ie`Qy bhuq v`fw bwZ huMdw sI (ijs nUM gurU dw bwZ kihMdy sn); Aqy ies qoN prHy ij`Qy hux srW Aqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy d&qr hn, iblkul ^wlI QW huMdI sI[

     ij`Qy kOlsr srovr hY aus QW nUM SmSwn Gwt vjoN (murdy swVn vwsqy) vriqAw jWdw sI[ bwbw Atl, nvwb kpUr isMG, j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw sxy hzwrW lokW dy sskwr ie`Qy hI hoey sn (gurduAwrw bwbw Atl auhI QW hY ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy byty Atl dw sskwr hoieAw sI)[ kdy ies jgh ’qy nvwb kpUr isMG qy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAW dIAW smwDW vI huMdIAW sn[ mgroN nvwb kpUr isMG dI smwD Fwh id`qI geI sI pr j`sw isMG dy sskwr vwlI QW ’qy aus dI smwD kwiem rhI sI; aus QW ’qy mgroN j`sw isMG dy nW dw gurduAwrw bxw id`qw igAw sI[

     lMgr dI iemwrq dy nwl bwZ vwlI QW ’qy kuJ lok GoVy vI bMinHAw krdy sI[ ie`Qy kdy kdy koeI pSU vI Aw jWdw sI, jo AMimRqsr qlwA ivcoN pwxI pI ky muV jWdw sI[ kuJ purwxIAW qsvIrW ivc qlwA dy nyVy pSU KVy sw& nzr AwauNdy hn:

drbwr swihb dw GMtw Gr: AMimRqsr ’qy mukMml kbzw krn mgroN AMgryzW ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy buMgy (mOjUdw do JMifAW Aqy GMtw Gr dy muK duAwr dy ivckwr vwlI QW) nUM srkwrI jwiedwd AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw buMgw AMimRqsr ikRsicAn imSn skUl dI iemwrq ivc bdl id`qw igAw sI[ AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr AYm.sI. sW`frz ny ies iemwrq ivc ies QW ’qy pulIs Qwxw, iek CotI jyl Aqy kcihrI kwiem kr id`qI sI[ sMn 1860 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy bMgy dy nwl lgvyN nOinhwl isMG Aqy lwFUvwlIAW dy buMigAW nUM vI AMgRyzW ny Fwh id`qw sI Aqy sMn 1862 ivc eIsweI igrjw Gr dI Skl dw GMtw Gr bxwaux dw kMm SurU kr id`qw sI[ ieh GMtw Gr 12 swl ivc sMn 1874 qk bx ky iqAwr ho cukw sI[ ies ’qy audoN dy 50 hzwr rupY ^rc Awey sn[ ieh 145 Pu`t au~cw sI[ ies nUM AMimRqsr imaUNspl kmytI dy ieMjInAr jOhn gOrfn dI ingrwnI hyT bxwieAw igAw sI[ pihlW ies nUM twaUn hwl dy bwhr bxwaux dw &Yslw hoieAw sI, pr is`KW nUM icVwaux vwsqy ies dI QW mOjUdw GMtw Gr vwlI QW kr id`qI geI sI[ ies crc-numw GMtw Gr nUM is`KW ny sMn 1946 ’c FwihAw sI[

     sMn 1674 qk drbwr swihb dw muK rsqw gurU bwzwr v`loN Akwl buMgw dy ipCly pwisEN cursqI AtwrI v`lo, gurU bwzwr ivcoN, AwauNdw sI[ AMgryzW ny hux nvW drvwzw GMtw Gr vwlw bxw id`qw sI qW jo gurU swihb dw bxwieAw rsqw vI ^qm kIqw jw sky[ hux SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny drbwr swihb dy Asl rsqy (ij`Qy) pihlI dsMbr 1764 dy idn bwbw gurb^S isMG dI AgvweI hyT 30 is`K ShId hoey sn) nUM bMd kr ky, aus jgh ‘AKMf’ pwTW vwsqy drjnW kmry bxw id`qy hn[

drbwr swihb ivc ‘kOqk’ drbwr swihb ivc drSnI ifauFI dy K`by pwsy kMD ’qy iek ‘cmqkwr’ dI khwxI au~krI hoeI hY[ ies muqwibk “sBnW dI igAwq leI d`isAw jWdw hY ik 30 ApRYl 1877 dy idn svyr dy 4.30 vjy iek Ajb Kyl vriqAw[ koeI cwr kU sO pRymI sRI hirMmdr siwhb jI ivc kIrqn dw AnMd lY rhy sn jd Acncyq hI ibjlI dI iek ilSk id`sI[ auh iek v`fI rOSnI dI Skl ivc phwV dI bwhI dy drvwzy ivcoN AweI , sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy swhmxy golw ijhw bx ky PtI Aqy cwnx hI cwnx kr ky d`KxI drvwzy QwxI iek rOSnI dI lIk bx ky inkl geI[ BwvyN ies dy Ptx smyN iBAwnk qy zor dI Awvwz AweI pr AMdr bYTy iksy pRymI, iemwrq jW cIz nUM iksy pRkwr dw nukswn nw pu`jw[ ies AlOikk idRS nUM sB lokIN sRI gurU rwmdws jI dw kOqk dsdy hn[”  ies khwxI nwl inrmly pujwrIAW ny sUrj dIAW ikrnW dy iek ilSkwry nUM cmqkwr qy jwdU bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI sI[ hor qW hor, aunHW ny drbwr swihb ivc ies Gtnw nUM ilKqI rUp ivc sunihrI A`KrW ivc aukrvw ky drbwr swihb dI drSnI ifauFI dy drvwzy  vwlI kMD ’qy mVH vI id`qw sI[

 

     ies Gtnw nUM ies qoN ielwvw iksy ilKwrI ny, sMn 1877 ivc jW ies qoN 50 swl mgroN qk vI, iksy vI A^bwr, ikqwb vZYrw ivc nhIN iliKAw sI[ ies dw izkr pRo. swihb isMG ny AwpxI ikqwb ‘myrI jIvn khwxI’ ivc kridAW iliKAw hY ik aunHW nUM ieh Gtnw drbwr swihb dy srbrwh suMdr isMG rwmgVHIAw ny suxweI sI qy suMdr isMG muqwibk aus ny ieh Awpxy qoN pihlW dy srbrwh qoN suxI sI[ (auN\ suMdr isMG dI ieh g`l vI Zlq hY ikauN ik aus qoN pihlW ArUV isMG srbrwh sI qy ArUV isMG dy kwl ivc ies Gtnw bwry ikqy vI koeI ilKq nhIN imldI)[

     mgroN dy lyKkW ny ies ‘khwxI’ ivc iek hor ‘mhW g`p’ Swiml kr ky pyS kIqw sI[ aunHW iliKAw sI ik AMgryzW ny AkwlIAW dIAW AYjItySnW qoN AOKy ho ky AMimRqsr srovr Aqy drbwr swihb dI jgh nUM vycx dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ ies dI nIlwmI 30 ApRYl 1877 dy idn vwsqy r`KI geI sI[  pihlI g`l qW ieh pRcwr JUTw hY ikauN ik AkwlIAW dIAW AYjItySnW qW sMn 1920 qoN mgroN SurU hoeIAW sn[ kUkw rwm isMG dI igR&qwrI (sMn 1872) qoN mgroN is`KW dI zrw mwsw vI isAwsI srgrmI nhIN sI hoeI[ aus qoN pihlW vI AMimRqsr, Aqy ^ws kr ky drbwr swihb, ivc qW kUikAW dw koeI Asr nhIN sI[ drbwr swihb ’qy qW sgoN srkwr dy Qwpy srbrwhW dw kbzw sI[ srkwr qW sgoN aunHW nUM Awpxy &wiedy vwsqy vrqdI rihMdI sI[ ies kr ky, drbwr swihb ’qy kbzw kr ky inlwmI krnw qW AMgryz kdy soc  vI nhIN sn skdy[ dUjw, AMgryzW v`loN drbwr swihb bwry Aijhw kr skx qW kI aunHW v`loN Aijhw socx dI hrkq bwry mMnxw, qy iPr AMgryzW v`loN ieh hrkq audoN krn dI g`l socxw jdoN isMG sBw lihr SurU ho cukI sI qy gurmuKI ivc A^bwrW vI CpxIAW SurU ho cukIAW sn, ieh bUJVqw dI h`d hY [ iPr ieh kihxw ik ies AKOqI kOqk qoN AMgryz fr gey Aqy aunHW ny AMimRqsr srovr Aqy drbwr swihb vwlw QW nIlwm krn qoN qObw kr leI; ieh vI inrI g`p hY[ jy AMgryzW nUM ies AKOqI ‘cmqkwr’ qoN fr l`g igAw huMdw qW auh cwbIAW dy morcy vyly drbwr swihb dIAW cwbIAW hI ikauN lYNdy jW gurU dw bwZ ivc fWgW ikauN clauNdy qy jYqo ivc golIAW ikauN clwauNdy[ iPr, AMgryzI srkwr dy irkwrf ivc Gtnw jW drbwr swihb dI jgHw vycx dI g`l dw zrw mwsw vI, Ais`Dw vI, izkr nhIN hY[ ieho ijhI Gtnw hovy, AMgryz srkwr fr geI hovy qy pCqwvy vjoN kVwh prSwd dIAW dygW cVHweIAW hox qy ies dw srkwr irkwrf jW iksy A^bwr ivc jW iksy AMgryz ilKwrI jW XwqrU dI iksy ikqwb zrw mwsw vI, is`Dw jW Ais`Dw izkr hI nw hovy; ieh g`l Awpxy-Awp ivc mzwk lgdI hY[ ieho ijhIAW keI g`pW kvI sMqoK isMG Aqy igAwnI igAwn isMG ny GVIAW sn[ igAwnI igAwn isMG aus vyly is`K ieiqhws ilK irhw sI[ ho skdw hY ik ieh g`p aus ny jW aus ny Aqy inrmlw pujwrIAW ny iml ky GVI hovy[ drbwr swihb ivc ieh nklI Gtnw vwlI q^qI drSnI ifauFI dy gyt ’qy sMn 1877 ivc nhIN aukrvweI geI sI; ieh bhuq bwAd dI hY[ drAsl ieh khwxI pRo gurmuK isMG nUM AKOqI qOr ‘qy Kwrj krn dy frwmy qoN bhuq mgroN dI hY[ audoN ies jgh ’qy Kym isMG bydI toly dI hkUmq sI[ aunHW ny hI ies g`l nUM lokW ivc ‘AMD ivSvws’ pYdw krn vwsqy prcwirAw sI.

dwnwpur

 

ibhwr dw iek ngr jo ptnw qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr hY; gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy ApRYl 1670 ivc ptnw qoN pMjwb jWidAW ruky sn[ ie`Qy aunHW nUM bIbI jwmnI bweI ny iKcVI KuAweI sI[ ies jgh gurU jI dy bhuq murId sn qy ies sMgq nUM ‘hWfI vwlI sMgq’ ikhw jWdw sI[ mgroN jwmnI bweI dy byty mQrw isMG ny AwpxI kuJ jgh gurduAwrw hWfI swihb bxwaux vwsqy dy id`qI sI[ aunHW dy vwirs A`j vI au~Qy rihMdy hn[ gurduAwry ivc gurU jI dy au~Qy Awaux dI Xwd ivc aunHW dy pYrW dy inSwn dw icnH bxw ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY.

 

gurU jI dy pYrW dw inSwn dw icMnH

dmdmw swihb

 

dmdmw swihb nW dy Gto-Gt ds gurduAwry hn[ ienHW dw nW dmdmw jwixAw jwx dy do ipCokV hn: (a) cbUqrw, au~cw QW, QVHw ij`Qy bYT ky gurU jI sMgqW nUM drSn idAw krdy sn jW aunHW nwl ivcwrW kirAw krdy sn. (A) auh QW ij`Qy gurU jI s&r dOrwn dm (swh) ilAw sI, Xwin ij`Qy gurU jI ny pVwA/Awrwm kIqw sI:

1. KfUr swihb (gurU AMgd swihb nwl sbMDq) {vyKo:KfUr swihb}
2. AMimRqsr ivc, Cyhrtw dy nyVy, ‘vfwlI gurU dI’ ipMf ivc (gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc)
3. hirgoibMdpur (gurU hir goibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc) {vyKo: hirgoibMdpur}
4. kIrqpur ivc (gurU hir rwie swihb dI Xwd ivc) {vyKo: kIrqpur}
5. DUbVI (Aswm) ivc (gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc) {vyKo:DubVI}
6. AMimRqsr Sihr ivc mwl mMfI dy nyVy (gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc) {vyKo: AMimRqsr}
7. c`k nwnkI ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG dI Xwd ivc; iesy QW ’qy BweI mnI isMG ny gurU gRMQ swihb dI ‘dmdmI bIV’ iqAwr kIqI sI) {vyKo: AnMdpur swihb}
8. qlvMfI swbo ivc BweI f`lw isMG dy ipMf ivc (gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc; gurU jI ies QW ’qy 9 mhIny qoN vD smW rhy sn) {vyKo: qlvMfI swbo} 10. id`lI ivc (gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc) {vyKo: id`lI}.

f`lw

 

izlHw kpUrQlw dw iek ipMf (lohIAW qoN pMj qy sulqwnpur qoN 10 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dw ivAwh ies ipMf ivc BweI nwrwiex dws dI bytI dmodrI nwl 22 BwdoN sMmq 1661 (21 Agsq 1604) dy idn hoieAw sI[ ivAwh dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw  ivAwh AsQwn mwqw dmodrI’  (BweI nwrwiex dws dy Gr vwlI QW ’qy) Aqy ‘gurduAwrw jM\Gr’ (ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI jM\ TihrweI geI sI) bxy hoey hn[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU Arjn swihb ny ie`Qy iek bwaulI bxvweI sI[ au~Qy hux ‘gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ f`lw ipMf qkrIbn swrw hI gurU swihbwn nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI; ^ws kr ky BweI lwlU, iprQI ml, qulsw, mlx, rwmU, dIpw, augrsYx, nwgaurI, mohx, rwmU, mihqw, AmrU, gopI, swhwrU, gMgU, BwgU, KwnU Curw, qwrU, vygw pwsI, augrU nMdU, sUdnw, pUro JMtw, mlIAw, shwrU, pWDw, bUlw dw izkr BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc kIqw hY[ BweI gurdws flw ipMf dI sMgq dw izkr ieM\ krdy hn: “fly vwsI sMgiq BwrI” (vwr 11, pauVI 16)[ ienHW ivcoN BweI pwro qy lwlU pRmuK is`KW ivc jwxy jWdy sn[ BweI lwlU dI Xwd ivc qW ‘gurduAwrw BweI lwlU’ vI bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw ivAwh AsQwn mwqw dmodrI

 

gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb

 

gurduAwrw BweI lwlU

 

 

fgrU 

izlHw mogw ivc (mogw qoN qkrIbn 14 Aqy frolI BweI qoN 6 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ ies ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU hr rwie swihb keI vwr Awey sn[ gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN frolI ipMf (ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI dw sWFU BweI sWeIN dws rihMdw sI) jwx vwsqy rsqw ies ipMf ivcoN ho ky jWdw sI[ ies kr ky dovyN gurU swihb ie`Qy keI vwr ruky sn[ ie`Qy gurU hir rwie jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw qMbU mwl swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU hir rwie swihb ny jdoN frolI ivc gurU AsQwn bxwieAw sI qW ie`tW cUnw Awid mwl ie`QoN hI jwieAw krdw sI; gurU jI aus smyN ie`Qy qMbU ivc ibrwijAw krdy sn.

jmrOd iklHw

pwiksqwn ivc ^Ybr p^qUnvw sUbw dy izlHw ^Ybr eyjMsI, qihsIl jmrOd ivc, ^Ybr d`rw lMfI koql dw A&Zwinsqwn vl Awaux vwly rsqw ’qy bixAw iklHw[ ieh iklHw jrnYl hrI isMG nlvw ny AkqUbr 1836 ivc A&ZwnW qoN Koh ilAw sI[ aus ny 18 dsMbr 1836 dy idn ies dw Kyqr PYlwauxw SurU kr id`qw Aqy isr& 54 idn ivc hI ies nUM iek bhuq v`fw iklHw bxw id`qw[ aus ny ies dI kMD 10 Pu`t (iqMn mItr) cOVI bxvweI sI[ aus ny pTwxW au~qy ij`q hwisl krn kr ky ies dw nW &qhgVH r`iKAw sI, pr jmrOd ipMf kr ky ies dw nW iklHw jmrOd hI mShUr ho igAw sI[

1837 ivc jmrOd dIAW bhuqIAW &OjW Aqy jrnYl mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy poqy nOinhwl isMG dy ivAwh ’qy gey hoey sn[ aus vyly jmrOd ivc isr& Cy sO jvwn sn[ aus smyN iek AMgryz au~QoN lMiGAw Aqy aus ny vyiKAw ik iklHw qkrIbn Asur`iKAq hI hY[ aus ny ieh g`l A&Zwinsqwn dy hwkm dosq muhMmd ^wn dy pu`qr Akbr ^wn nUM jw d`sI Aqy aus ny iklHy ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ hrI isMG nlvw ny qyzI nwl iek sunyhw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM ByijAw Aqy hor kumk Byjx vwsqy ikhw pr iDAwn isMh fogrw auh ny ^q rxjIq isMG qk pu`jx hI nw id`qw[ A^Ir lVdw-lVdw nlvw 30 ApRYl 1837 dy idn mwirAw igAw.

jmrOd iklHw purwxI qsvIr

jmrOd iklHw nyVy dI qsvIr

 

 

jmrOd iklHw (iklHy dy bwhr s&Yd FWcw hrI isMG nlvw dI smwD hY jo 1892 ivc bxweI geI sI

hrI isMG nlvw dI smwD (nyVy dw idRS)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jMbr klW

izlHw ksUr ivc p`qo kI qihsIl ivc, CWgwmWgw-mulqwn mwrg ’qy (CWgw mWgw qoN qkrIbn 8 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb gey sn[ ie`Qy pRymw nW dy iek is`K ny gurU jI dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek ‘gurduAwrw QMmH swihb’ bixAw hoieAw sI[ ies QW do QMm sn ijnHW bwry khwxI bxweI hoeI sI ik aunHW nUM CUhx nwl rog dUr ho jWdy hn[ ies kr ky ies gurduAwry nUM dUK invwrx vI kihx lg pey sn[ ies dI nvIN iemwrq 1947 ivc bxnI SurU hoeI Aqy Ajy pUrI bxI nhIN sI[ A`j vI ADUrI iemwrq ausy hwlq ivc mOjUd hY[ BweI subyg isMG Aqy Swhbwz isMG ijnHW nUM lKpq rwey ny 1746 ivc crKVIAW ’qy cwVH ky ShId kIqw sI iesy ipMf dy sn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

z&rnwmw swihb gurduAwrw

biTMfw izlHy dI rwmpurw PUl qihsIl ivc (rwmpurw PUl qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) ipMf kWgV ipMf dy bwhrvwr iek QW ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI ny 21 dsMbr dy idn AOrMgzyb nUM iek ^q iliKAw sI (ijs nUM aunHW ny BweI dXw isMG qy BweI Drm isMG dy h`Q ByijAw sI)[ mgroN ies QW ’qy iek gurduAwrw bxw id`qw igAw sI, ijs dw nW ‘z&rnwmw swihb’ r`iKAw igAw hY (hwlWik ‘z&rnwmw’ nW dI ilKq gurU jI dI AwpxI nhIN hY)[ gurU jI kWgV ipMf ivc 20 qoN 24 dsMbr 1705 dw smW Tihry sn[ hux ies QW ’qy iek nvW ipMf ‘idAwlpurw BweI kw’ Awbwd ho cukw hY.

gurduAwrw z&rnwmw swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jmnw ndI

ieh ndI ihmwlw ivc 6387 mItr (20955 &ut) dI aucweI ’qy XmnoqrI glySIAr qoN cldI hY Aqy bWdrpUC phwVI qoN prgt huMdI hY[ (ies QW ’qy ihMdUAW ny XmnoqrI nW dw mMdr bxwieAw hoieAw hY) ieh auqrwKMf, ihmWcl, hirAwxw, id`lI ivcoN lMGdI hoeI, 1376 iklomItr dw s&r kr ky, au~qr pRdyS ivc Alwhwbwd (pRXwgrwj) ngr ivc iqRvYnI dy sMgm ivc iml jWdI hY[ ies ’qy vsy muK ngrW ivc pwauNtw swihb, Xmnwngr, id`lI, &rIdwbwd, mQrw, virMdwvn, Awgrw, ietwvwh Aqy Alwhwbwd Awid hn[ imQhws ivc ies nUM sUrj (dyvqw) dI DI Aqy Xm (mOq dw dyvqw) dI BYx d`isAw hoieAw hY[ ihMdUAW dw ivSvws hY ik jmnw ndI ivc ieSnwn krn qoN jm dMf qoN bcwA ho jWdw hY.

(qsvIr: XmnoqrI mMdr):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jUnwgVH

Bwrq dy sUbw gujrwq ivc (Aihmdwbwd qoN 355 Aqy porbMdr qoN 120 iklomItr dUr) izlHw jUnwgVH dw iek bhuq pRwcIn ngr[ jUnwgVH dw ArQ hY purwxw iklHw; ies iklHy dI auswrI mOrIAw vMS dy rwjw cMdrgupq ny sMn 319 (purwxw kwl) ivc kIqI sI (ies dw nW auprkot iklHw sI)[ purwxy iklHy ivc mhwrwjw ASok dw, pwlI bolI qy bRhmI il`pI ivc iliKAw, sMn 250 purwxw kwl dw (A`j qoN 2250 swl purwxw), iek iSlwlyK A`j vI purwxy iklHy dy nyVy mOjUd hY[ ies mgroN ies ngr ’qy kilMg vMS, XUnwnI hwkmW, S`k kOm Awid dw vI kbzw irhw sI[ ies mgroN gupq rwijAW ny ies ’qy sMn 770 qk hkUmq kIqI sI[[sMn 1472 ivc muslmwnW dw kbzw ho igAw[sMn 1573 qoN sMn 1730 qk muZlW dy kbzy ivc irhw sI[sMn 1748 ivc ies ’qy muhMmd bhwdr ^wn ny kbzw kr ilAw Aqy jUnwgVH irAwsq dI nINh r`KI sI[ 15 sqMbr 1947 dy idn ie`QoN dy nvwb ny pwiksqwn ivc Swiml hox dw AYlwn kIqw[ 9 nvMbr 1947 dy idn BwrqI &Oj ny hmlw kr ky ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ ie`QoN dI 95% AwbwdI ihMdUAW dI sI, ies kr ky Bwrq srkwr ny iek rsmI rweySumwrI krvwaux mgroN mgroN ies irAwsq nUM Bwrq dw ih`sw bxw ilAw sI[ jUnwgVH ngr dw purwxw nW AvMqIpurw sI[ pihlW ies nUM sorT dyS (qy mgroN surwStr) vI ikhw jWdw sI[ muslmwnW dy kbzy mgroN ies dw nW jUnwgVH r`iKAw igAw sI[

gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn ie`Qy Awey sn[ auh vfodVw (purwxw nW bVOdw) qoN cl ky (396 iklomItr dUr) AvMqIpurw (jUnwgVH) pu~jy sn[ jdoN gurU swihb ie`Qy phuMcy qW ies ielwky ivc jogIAW dw bolbwlw sI[ mOjUdw Sihr qoN bwhr (qkrIbn 5 iklomItr dUr) igrnwr phwV qy jogIAW dw iek v~fw fyrw sI[ drAsl jogIAW dw sB qoN pihlw fyrw iehI sI[ jogIAW dw muF d~qw qrY qoN cldw hY[ d`qw qrY dw cylw mCMdr nwQ sI qy mCMdr nwQ dw cylw gorK nwQ sI[ igrnwr phwV dIAW pMj cotIAW hn[ Aj vI aunHW ivcoN do cotIAW dy nW ‘d`qw qrY cotI’ qy ‘gorK nwQ cotI’ jwxy jWdy hn[ mgroN gorK nwQ dw nW vDyry mShUr ho igAw qy jogIAW nUM gorK-pMQI vI AwKx lg pey sn[

ies phwVI ’qy jYnIAW dw pRwcIn mMdr vI hY; jogIAW qoN pihlW ieh boDIAW qy jYnIAW dw muK sYNtr sI[ hux igrnwr phwV cVHn vwsqy pauVIAW bxIAW hoeIAW hn  prgurU  swihb  dy  vyly  p`QrW qoN  cVH ky  jwxwpYNdw sI[  hux  dIAW  pOVIAWmuqwibk2300 pOVIAW cVHn mgroN mwlI prbq nWdI QW AwauNdI hY[ ie`Qy sMn 1244 dw iek iSlwlyK mOjUd hY[ 3800 pOVIAW cVH ky igrnwr iklHy dw drvwzw hY[

4500 pOVIAW ’qy swcw kwkw nW dI jgh hY[ ie`Qy kwlI dw mMdr hY[ 4840 pOVIAW ’qy AMbw dw mMdr hY[ 5250 pOVIAW ’qy gorKnwQ dw mMdr hY[ ieh jgh smuMdr ql qoN 3666 Pu`t aucweI ’qy hY Aqy igrnwr phwV ivc sB qoN aucI jgh hY[ ie`Qy gorK nwQ dw ‘crn pwdukw’ (aus dI Xwd ivc pYrW dw inSwn) bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy gorK nwQ ny Bgq BrQrI nUM isiKAw id`qI sI[ ies mgroN auh ie`Qy hI irhw sI[ BrQrI, rwjw ibkrmwjIq (ijs dy nW ’qy ibkrmI smMq cldw hY), dw Brw sI[ auh bwdSwhI nUM C~f ky jogI bx igAw sI[ (keI ies BrQrI nUM pMjwb dy ipMf q^qUpurw nwl vI joVdy hn jo ik shI nhIN hY; auh BrQrI koeI hor sI)[ gurU swihb BrQrI dI gu&w ’qy gey sn qy lokW nUM Drm dI isiKAw idqI sI[ BrQrI dI gu&w dy syvwdwr jogI lwl nwl gurU swihb dI Drm crcw hoeI[ jogI lwl vI gurU swihb dw murId bx igAw sI[

jUnwgVH ivc iksy zmwny ivc guru nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw ‘gurduAwrw nwnk SwhI’ huMdw sI[ mgroN pujwrIAW ny auh jgHw vyc idqI qy au~QoN cly gey sn.

igrnwr phwV dw iek hvweI idRS

igrnwr phwV dw iek idRS

auprkot iklHw

mhwbq ^wn dw mkbrw :

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

joqI srUp

&qihgVH (purwxy srhMd) ivc iek gurduAwrw ij`Qy 13 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mwqw gujrI Aqy swihbzwdw zorwvr isMG qy &qh isMG dw sskwr kIqw igAw sI (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: zorwvr isMG, swihbzwdw):

gurduAwrw joqI srUp:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

(      .                                                                 )

joqIsr

kurUkSyqr dy nyVy iek qwl ij`Qy, imQhws muqwibk, kOrvW qy pWfoAW ivckwr Xu`D hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy hI ikRSn ny Arjun nUM aupdyS id`qw sI, ijs nUM ‘gIqw’ ikhw jWdw hY[ mgroN ies QW ’qy ‘gIqw Bvn’ auswirAw igAw sI (kurUkSyqr kurU dyS dI rwjDwnI sI)[ ies qwl dy isry ’qy iek purwxw bohV dw dr^q mOjUd hY, ijs bwry ieh dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh aus pRwcIn smyN dw dr^q hY (jW aus dIAW jVHW qoN au~igAw dr^q hY).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jogw

izlHw mwnsw dI qihsIl iB`KI dw iek ipMf, mwnsw qoN 19 qy iB`KI qoN 10 iklomItr dUr, ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb mwlvw dOry dOrwn gey sn[ ipMf dy muKI BweI jogrwj ny gurU jI dI qih-idl qoN syvw kIqI sI[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek mMjI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI jo hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jogw isMG gurduAwrw morcw

ipSwvr ivc BweI jogw isMG dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw hY[ sMn 1920 ivc bxy ies dw ^zwncI iek ihµdU rwey bhwdr krm cµd sI[ dsµbr 1920 ivc qW krm cµd ny gurduAwry ivc is`KW dw d^l rokx qk dI koiSS kIqI[ auh cwhuµdw sI ik gurduAwrw BweI jogw isµG ’qy isr& ihµdUAW dw kbzw hovy[ aus ny ieh dwAvw vI kIqw ik BweI jogw isµG is`K nhIN ihµdU sI qy ikhw ik ipSwvr dw gurduAwrw ihµdU is`KW dy smwgm krn vwsqy iek sWJI QW hY nw ik iek Dwrimk Adwrw[ rwey bhwdr krm cµd Aµgryz A&srW dw twaUt sI ies kr ky auh gory fI.sI. dy nyVy sI qy auh (fI.sI.) aus krm cMd dI g`l vDyry mµndw sI[ 20 dsµbr 1920 dy idn is`KW dw iek iek`T rwm isµG dy Gr hoieAw qy aunHW ny ihµdUAW nwl smJOqw krn dI koiSS kIqI pr ihµdUAW ny izd PV leI ik auh ies gurduAwry ivc is`KW dw d^l brdwSq nhIN krngy[ ienHIN idnIN qyjw isµG Bu`cr ny ipSwvr ivc fyry lw ley[ kuJ idn mgroN fI.sI. ny is`KW qy ihµdU AwgUAW dw zbwnI smJOqw krvw id`qw pr ihµdU Pyr vI Zlq hrkqW krdy rhy[ &rvrI 1921 dy pihly A`D ivc ig: Syr isµG qy lwlw lwjpq ny vI smJOqw krvwaux dI koiSS kIqI pr aunHIN idnIN aunHW dohW dI Sihr ’c AYNtrI bµd kIqI hoeI sI[ 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn gWDI ny slwh id`qI ik dovyN iDrW 5-5 bµdy pw ky kmytI bxw lYx pr g`l 17 mwrc qk isry nw cVH skI[ A^Ir 17 mwrc ƒ ifptI kimSnr ny dohW iDrW dw smJOqw krvw id`qw[ &Yslw hoieAw ik srkwr v`loN gurduAwrw msly bwry PYsly jW kwƒn bxn qk dovyN iDrW iml ky rihxgIAW[ mweI r`jI qy kkrwn dy gurduAwirAW dw ieµqzwm ihµdU krngy Aqy BweI jogw isµG dy gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm is`KW dy h`Q AwieAw[ ies dw ieµqzwm dsvyN pwiqSwh vyly BweI bulwkw isµG kol sI[ aus dw pu`qr vsqI rwm is`K nhIN bixAw sI[ mgroN BweI kUmw isµG vyly Pyr AµimRqDwrI isµGW ny ies dI syvw-sµBwl leI[

&rvrI 1921 ivc ieQoN dy mhµq ikrpw isµG ny Acwnk gurduAwrw C`f id`qw[ kuJ idn ie`QoN dI syvw sµBwl TIk nw rih skI[ A^Ir 6 mwrc 1921 dy idn isµGW ny Awp hI ies dI syvw-sµBwl leI[ aunHW ny gurduAwry ivc pey swmwn dI ilst bxweI qy SRomxI kmytI ƒ sONp id`qI[ ieh vI &Yslw hoieAw ik BweI jogw isµG dy gurduAwry ivc iek`Ty hoey is`K jQy vI cly jwxgy[

22 mwrc ƒ pµj isµGW ƒ C`f ky bwkI swry is`K gurduAwry iv`coN cly gey[ 23 mwrc ƒ kuJ ihµdUAW ny gurduAwrw BweI jogw isµG ’qy kbzw krn dI koiSS kIqI[ auh dupihr vyly gurduAwry pu`jy Aqy ‘‘mhµq nrYx dws izµdwbwd’’ qy ‘‘bydI krqwr isµG izµdwbwd’’ dy nwAry lwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ aunHW ikhw ik auh gurduAwry ivc holI mnwauxgy[ gurduAwry ivc is`KW ny ihµdUAW ƒ Aijhw krn dI iejwzq nw id`qI[ ies’qy auh cly gey Aqy 15 imµtW mgroN auh v`fI igxqI ivc gurduAwryv`l Awey[aunHW ny fWgW, cwkU qy qlvwrW PVHIAW hoeIAW sn[ aunHW gyt ’qy KVHy is`K ƒ kwbU kr ilAw[ aus dIAW AwvwzW sux ky iqµn is`K AµdroN bwhr Awey[ is`KW dw dbkw sux ky ihµdU ip`Cy ƒ B`j pey[ swrI glI ihµdU BIV nwl BrI hox kr ky aunHW vwsqy dOVnw vI AOKw ho igAw[ ihµdU AOrqW jo Awpxy nwl ie`tW qy p`Qr ilAweIAW sn, ny is`KW ’qy pQrwA krnw SurU kr id`qw[ is`KW ny bcwA vwsqy fWg clwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ 13 ihµdU fWgW nwl z^mI hoey qy ihµdU AOrqW dy pQrwA nwl iqµn is`KW ƒ vI s`tW l`gIAW[ QoVHI dyr mgroN ifptI kimSnr vI Aw igAw[ dUjy pwsy ^br imlidAW bhuq swry is`K vI gurduAwry phuµc gey[ ifptI kimSnr ikauNik ihµdUAW dI qr&dwrI krdw sI aus ny 40 is`K igR&qwr kr ley qy iksy vI ihµdU ƒ h`Q qk nw lwieAw[ fI.sI. ny gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kr ilAw qy pulIs qy imltrI dI gwrf lw id`qI[ aus ny gurduAwry ’c is`KW dI AYNtrI bµd kr id`qI[ ies ’qy is`KW ny, sxy &OjI is`KW dy, pRotYst kIqw[ aunHW SRomxI kmytI qy is`K pRYs ƒ &on kIqw qy ies dy nwl hI do is`KW ƒ AµimRqsr qy lwhOr is`K AwgUAW ƒ imlx vwsqy tor vI id`qw igAw[

fI.sI. ƒ swrI hwlq dw pqw l`gdw irhw[ aus ny fridAW Agly idn swry is`K irhw kr id`qy[ ies qoN bwAd fI.sI. ny hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik koeI vI bµdw Sihr ivc ikrpwn lY ky nhIN jw skdw[ ies ’qy ikRpwnDwrI is`K ipSwvr sdr ivc cly gey[ 24 qwrI^ Swm ƒ fI.sI. dy hukm dy i^lw& iek BwrI dIvwn hoieAw[ ienHIN idnIN ig: Syr isµG vI au~Qy pu`j gey[ 26 qwrI^ ƒ auh fI.sI. ƒ imly[ fI.sI. ny aunHW ƒ ikrpwn lwh ky Aµdr Awaux vwsqy ikhw[ jdoN igAwnI jI ny ikrpwn auqwrn qoN nWh kr id`qI qW fI.sI. ƒ mjbUrn aunHW ƒ Aµdr bulwauxw ipAw[ ig: Syr isµG ny fI.sI. ƒ disAw ik is`KW dI ikrpwn ’qy kdy pwbµdI nhIN lweI geI sI[ hor qW hor nwnkwxw swihb ivc jdoN srkwr ny hr bµdy qoN tkUey, brCy qy fWgW qk vI lY leIAW sn qW vI ikrpwn ’qy koeI pwbµdI nhIN sI lweI[ fI.sI. ny kimSnr nwl g`lbwq kr ky A^Ir ikrpwn qoN pwbµdI htw leI[

kuJ idn mgroN fI.sI. ny is`KW dI kmytI dy mYNbrW ƒ bulw ky AwiKAw ik srkwr ikrpw isµG ƒ gurduAwry dw kµtrol nhIN dyxw cwhuµdI pr aus ƒ gurduAwry ’c Awaux dI iejwzq zrUr id`qI jwvy[ is`K ieh g`l mMn gey[ ikrpw isµG 16 ApRYl dI rwq ƒ gurduAwry AwieAw pr muV ky au~QoN jwx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ is`KW ny aus ƒ jbrI nhIN k`iFAw qy pulIs ny is`KW dI mdd nw kIqI[ julweI 1921 ivc ielwky dy moihqbr is`KW ny ikrpw isµG dy i^lw& kys dwier kr id`qw[ aunHW Adwlq kol aus dy A-is`K ie^lwk dy sbUq pyS kIqy[ Adwlq ny hukm jwrI kIqw ik ikrpw isµG pujwrI bxn dy lwiek nhIN qy ies dI QW ’qy nvW pujwrI lwieAw jwey[ Adwlq ny mhµq dI qn^wh 75 rupey mhInw bµnH id`qI[ ieµ\ ies gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm vI Aw^r pUrI qrHw pµQ dy h`Q Aw igAw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

joDpur ngr Aqy irAwsq

joDpur rwijsQwn dw iek pRmuK ngr hY[ ieh irAwsq joDpur dI rwjDnI huMdw sI[ ies nUM rwTOr rwjpUq rwjw joDw ny sMn 1468-69 ivc vswieAw sI[ Akbr ny sMn 1581 ivc ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ joDpur dy rwjy audX isMh ny AwpxI DI joDwbweI dw ivAwh sMn 1585 ivc Akbr dy pu`qr jhWgIr nwl kr ky AwpxI irAwsq bcw leI sI; Swhjhwn iesy joDw bweI dw hI pu`qr sI[ sMn 1657 ivc AOrMgzyb Awpxy bwp qoN qwkq Koh ky id`lI q^q ’qy kbzw kIqw qW joDpur dy rwjy ny aus dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI; pr mdd hwisl krn dy bwvjUd AOrMgzyb ny 25 meI 1679 nUM joDpur dy mMdr Fwh id`qy sn qy ies dIAW mUrqIAW qoV ky jwmw msijd dIAW pOVIAW hyTW pYrW hyT ilqwVn vwsqy rK id`qIAW sn[ AOrMgzyb dI mOq mgroN 1709 ivc ie`QoN dy rwjw AjIq isMh ny Awpxy Awp nUM muZlW qoN Awzwd AYlwn kr id`qw sI pr mgroN bMdw isMG dI dihSq kwrn bwdSwh bhwdur Swh ny ienHW dw swQ lYx vwsqy ienHW nwl sOdybwzI kr leI sI[ 21 sqMbr 1711 dy idn ieh Aqy jYpur dw rwjwjY isMh svweI lwhOr qoN 10 iklomItr dUr ipMf lUxIAw ivc pVwA kr rhy sn[ ienHW idnW ivc hI bMdw isMG ny kuJ is`KW h`Q ^q Byj ky aunHW nUM bhwdr Swh dy i^lw& jMg ivc mdd dyx vwsqy ikhw sI[ ienHW dohW Zulwm rwjpUq rwijAW ny bMdw isMG v`loN Byjy numwieMidAW ƒ ikhw sI ik auh bwdSwh dy syvwdwr hn Aqy ies dy nwl hI aunHW rwijAW ny ienHW is`K s&IrW ƒ kql vI kr idqw sI[ ies mgroN jdoN &r`^sIAr q^q ’qy bYiTAw qW aus ny 2 mwrc 1711 dy idn rwjw AjIq isMh (joDpur) qy jY isMh svweI (jYpur-AMbyr) nUM pMj-hzwrI, pMj hzwr svwr dw mnsb b^Sy jwx dI ^uS^brI ByjI[ drAsl aunHIN idnIN joDpurIey rwjy AjIq isMh ny AwpxI DI &r`^sIAr nUM dyxI mMn leI sI[ mgroN 6 julweI nUM seIAd husYn AlI ^wn ies kuVI dw folw lY ky joDpur qoN AlIvrd dI srW ivc phuMc igAw[ 13 sqMbr nUM ieh rwjkumwrI id`lI phuMcI, ij`Qy 17 sqMbr nUM bwdSwh dI mW ny aus nUM klmw pVHw ky muslmwnI bxwieAw qy SwhI kwzI ny aus dI mMgxI dI rsm Adw kIqI[

jd ieh SwdI hoeI qW &ru^sIAwr ^UnI bvwsIr kwrn bImwr sI[ ies kr ky auh AjIq isMh dI DI nwl do mhIny qk syj ’qy nw jw sikAw[ (aus dw ielwj iek AMgryz fwktr ivlIAm hYimltn ny kIqw qy bMgwl ivc AMgryzW vwsqy kstm ifaUtI muAw& krvweI)[ &ru^sIAr dy kql mgroN aus nUM rwjw AjIq isMh ny 16 julweI 1719 dy idn &ru^sIAwr dy hrm ’coN ‘Awzwd’ krvwieAw Aqy aus nUM iPr ihMdU bxw ky, aus dI swrI dOlq sxy joDpur lY igAw[ ies dI muslmwnW ny bVI mu^wl&q kIqI sI; pr ikauNik muZl &OjW dw jrnYl aus dw swQ dy irhw sI ies kr ky auh kwmXwb irhw sI[

joDpur rwijsQwn dw jYpur qoN mgroN dUjw v`fw ngr hY[ ie`QoN dI AwbwdI qkrIbnswFy 11 l`K hY[ ienHW ivc 77% ihMdu, 19% muslmwn qy 2.75% jYnI hn[ ie`QoN dw iklHw mihrwngVH bhuq mzbUq ikilHAW ivcoN iek sI.

joDpur ngr dw iek idRS

iklHw mihrwngVH

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

joDW ipMf

izlHw luiDAwxw dI p`Kovwl qihsIl ivc (luiDAwxw qoN 16 qy p`Kovwl qoN 10 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc AwlmgIr qoN hyhr jWdy ies QW ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc grduAwrw dmdmw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW qW ieh iek Cotw ijhw mMjI swihb dI pr ie`Qy hux iek v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jIEbwlw

izlHw qrnqwrn ivc, qrnqwrn qoN 12 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ijs ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb iek vwr Jbwl qoN gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) jWidAW ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ iek khwxI muqwibk gurU jI ny jMf dy do dr^qW nwl Awpxw GoVw bMinHAw sI, jo hux vI mOjUd hn[ GoVw bMnHx kr ky ies dw nW gurduAwrw AgwVI ipCwVI jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ BweI DMnw isMG ny ‘gur qIrQ sweIkl Xwqrw’ ivc (s&w 320 ’qy) ies gurduAwry nUM gurU Arjn swihb nwl sbMDq iliKAw hY.

gurduAwrw AgwVI ipCwVI, ijEbwlw

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ijMdbVI/ ijMdvVI

AnMdpur swihb qoN qkrIbn 14 iklomItr dUr iek pRwcIn ipMf jo kdy iek prgnw hoieAw krdw sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk iksy vyly ieh iblwspur irAwsq dI rwjDwnI vI irhw sI[ imQhws muqwibk iek vwr gurU hrgoibMd swihb dw sB qoN v`fw pu`qr gurid`qw ies ipMf ivc ruikAw[ aus vyly iksy ipMf vwsI dI iek gW mr geI sI, ijs nUM gurid`qw ny ijaUNdw kr id`qw sI[ ieho ijhIAW klipq khwxIAW gurU swihb bwry vI GVIAW hoeIAW hn[ ipMf dI irvwieq muqwibk iek vwr gurU goibMd isMG jI vI ies ipMf ivc Awey sn[ ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ijMdbVI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ies nUM gurduAwrw gurUAwxw swihb vI kihMdy hn.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

ijMdpIr (KÍwjw i^jr)

ijMdpIr nUM pIr bdr, rwjw i^jr (i^dr) vjoN vI jwixAw jWdw hY[ ies pIr nUM keI ihMdU vI mMndy hn[ ies dy mMnx vwly Bwrq dy sUibAW hirAwxw, ibhwr qy bMgwl ivc vI hn (hirAwxw dy ngrW srsw qy sonIpq ivc aus dy Swndwr mkbry vI bxy hoey hn)[ Kvwjw i^zr (ijMdpIr) bwry keI khwxIAW bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ pwiksqwn dy sUby isMD ivc s`Kr dy kol isMD dirAw ivc iek twpU ivc ies pIr dw bhuq v`fw AsQwn hY[

ijMdpIr dw mzwr

ijMdpIr dw iek klipq icqr

gurU nwnk swihb vI ijMd pIr vjoN jwxy jWdy ies ielwky gey sn; aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ lwhOr-krwcI ryl mwrg ’qy rylvy stySn dw nW rohVI hY[ ies dy nyVy isMD dirAw ’qy bixAw pul s`Kr qy rohVI nUM joVdw hY[ pul nUM pwr kr ky sjy pwsy jWdI sVk is`DI ‘gurduAwrw ijMd pIr’ nUM jWdI hY[ ies ielwky ivc koeI is`K nhIN rihMdw Aqy gurduAwry dw pRbMD ihMdUAW dy h`QW ivc hY ies kr ky aunHW ny gurduAwry ivc mUrqIAW vI r`KIAW hoeIAW hn.

ijMdpIr ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw

ijMdpIru, BweI

gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN dw iek muslmwn jo pihlW KÍwjy dw SrDwlU sI qy gurU jI dI isiKAw lY ky is`KI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ BweI gurdws ny AwpxIAW vwrW ivc aus dw izkr ieM\ kIqw hY: daulq ^W lodI Blw, hoAw ijMd pIru AibnwsI (vwr 11, pauVI 13).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jINd ngr qy jINd irAwsq

jINd hux hirAwxw sUby dw iek izlHw Aqy iek Sihr hY[ sMn 1755 ivc PUl vMS dy gjpq isMG (pu`qr iqlok isMG qy poqw bwbw PUl) ny ies ngr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw; audoN aus dI aumr isr& sqwrW swl sI[ sMn 1766 ivc aus ny ies nUM AwpxI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw[ ies dI mOq (sMn 1789) mgroN ies dw pu`qr Bwg isMG jINd irAwsq dw rwjw bixAw[ aus ny AMgryz jrnYl lwrf lyk nwl dosqI kwiem kr leI sI[ sMn 1804 ivc jdoN mrh`tw XSvMq rwE holkr ny AMgryzW dy i^lw& mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN mdd mMgI qW aus ny hW kr id`qI[ jdoN AMgryzW qoN hwr ky holkr dsMbr 1805 ivc pMjwb AwieAw Aqy AMimRqsr Aw ky is`K rwijAW nwl g`lbwq kIqI[ ieh pqw l`gx ’qy lwrf lyk ny Bwg isMG nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG (jo Bwg isMG dw skw mwmw sI) kol ByijAw qy holkr nUM mdd dyx qoN roikAw[ A^Ir ‘srbq Kwlsw’ dy idKwvy dy rsmI iek`T mgroN 17 dsMbr 1805 dy idn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny holkr dw swQ dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ hux holkr kol vI koeI cwrw nhIN sI[ pr, auDr AMgryz vI aus nwl smJOqw krnw cwhuMdy sn[ A^Ir Bwg isMG rwjw jINd qy &qh isMG rwjw kpUrQlw dI ivcolgI nwl 24 dsMbr 1805 dy idn ibAws dirAw dy nyVy rwjpur ipMf ivc AMgryzW Aqy holkr ivckwr smJOqw ho igAw (rxjIq isMG ny ^ud vI AMgryzW nwl pihlI jnvrI 1806 dy idn iek vKrw smJOqw kr ilAw)[ AMgryzW ny Bwg ismG dI ies syvw dy bdly ivc aus nUM bvwnw qy gohwnw dy ielwky eInwm ivc id`qy[ 25 ApRYl 1809 dy idn ies ny AMgryzW nwl sMDI kr leI[

1819 ivc Bwg isMG mr igAw qy aus dw pu`qr &qh isMG g`dI ’qy bYiTAw; pr aus iqMn swl mgroN (3 &rvrI 1822 dy idn) mr igAw[ ies mgroN aus dw 11 swl dw nwbwlg pu`qr sMgq isMG rwjw bixAw[ sMgq isMG 23 swl dI aumr ivc 3 nvMbr 1834 dy idn mr igAw[ aus dw koeI pu`qr nw hox kr ky 1837 ivc bjIdpur dy srUp isMG g`dI ’qy ibTwieAw igAw[ 1857 dy Zdr dOrwn ies ny AMgryzW dI bhuq mdd kIqI[ ies ’qy ^uS ho ky AMgryzW ny ies nUM dwdrI prgnw qy sMgrUr dy nyVy 13 ipMf eInwm ivc id`qy[ies dI mOq 26 jnvrI 1864 dy idn hoeI[ ies mgroN rGubIr isMG (jnm 1834) rwjw bixAw[ A&ZwnW nwl lVweI (1876) ivc ies ny AMgryzW dI bhuq mdd kIqI qW aunHW ny ies nUM rwjw-ie-rwjgwn dw i^qwb id`qw[ ies dI mOq 1887 ivc hoeI [ ies dw pu`qr blbIr isMG 1883 ivc mr cukw sI ies kr ky ies dw poqw rxbIr isMG g`dI ’qy bYiTAw[ 1911 dy SwhI drbwr ivc ies nUM mhwrwjw dw i^qwb imilAw[ pihlI v`fI lVweI (1914-1918) ivc ies ny AMgryzW dI bhuq mdd kIqI[ ies ny 61 swl rwj kIqw; ieh ies irAwsq dw Aw^rI bwdSwh sI[ ies ny Awpxy kwl ivc luiDAwxw-DUrI-jwKl rylvy lweIn qoN ielwvw bhuq swry skUl, hspqwl qy bwZ bxvwey[ 1947 ivc ies dw rkbw 3260 mur`bw iklomItr qy Awmdn 30 l`K rupY slwnw sI[ sMn 1827 ivc jINd dI jgh sMgrUr ies irAwsq dI rwjDwnI bx geI sI; pr, ies irAwsq dw nW jINd irAwsq hI irhw sI[ rxbIr isMg dI mOq qoN mgroN rwjbIr isMG aus dw vwirs bixAw.

jINd irAwsq dI fwk itkt Aqy is`ky

gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Gto-Gt do vwr jINd gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek AwlISwn gurduAwrw ‘gurduAwrw mMjI swihb gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jyhlm dirAw

pµjwb dw mqlb pµj dirAw (pµj Awb) hY; ikauNik ies ivc pµj dirAw vihµdy hn[ ieh pµj dirAw sqluj, ibAws, rwvI, JnW (cnwb) qy ijhlm vgdy hn[ ies dw iek hor nW pµc-nd vI hY[ pµc nd dw mqlb vI pµj ndIAW (dirAw) hY[ ies ielwky nUM XUnwnI pYNtwpotymIAw (pYNtw=pMj, potymIAw=ndI) kihMdy sn[ XUnwnI ilKqW ivc ienHW dirAwvW dy nW hweIfYsips (ijhlm), AsYsInYs (JnW), hweIfrOts (rwvI), hweIPYiss (ibAws), hYsUfrs (sqluj), kuMBw (srsvqI) ilKy imldy hn[ sMsikRq ilKqW ivc ienHW dirAwvW dy nW ivqsqw (ijhlm), AsIknI (JnW), prSUnI (rwvI), ivpwsw (ibAws), squdrI (sqluj) ilKy imldy hn[ ijhlm kSmIr dy glySIArW qoN SurU huµdw hY[ cwr sO iklomItr kSmIr ivc vihx qy sRIngr vrgy Sihr dw mwx bxn mgroN ieh dirAw muz`&rpur, ijhlm, ipµf dwdn ^wn, Byrw, Swhpur ngrW dI rOxk bxdw hY qy A^Ir miGAwxw kol JnW dirAw nwl Aw imldw hY[ ies dirAw dy 720 iklomItr dy s&r ivcoN 3 sO iklomItr pµjwb ivc qy 4 sO iklomItr kSmIr ivc hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jyhlm izlHw qy ngr

ieh poTohwr dI p`tI ivc iek izlHw qy muK ngr hY[ ies nUM 23 mwrc 1849 dy idn izlHw bxwieAw igAw sI[ jyhlm nUM &OjIAW dw Sihr kihMdy hn[ brqwnvI &Oj qy hux pwiksqwnI &Oj ivc ies izlHy dy sB qoN vD &OjI hn[ nmk dy phwV (KyvVw KwnW, myE swlt mweInz) vI ies izlHy ivc dwdn ^wn ielwky ivc hn[ ieh ngr ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ jrnYlI sVk ie`QoN lMG ky ipSwvr v`l clI jWdI hY[ies dIAW h`dW d`Kx ivc srgoDw qy mMf bhwaudIn nwl imldIAW hn; d`Kn-p`Cm v`l ijhlm dirAw hY; d`Kx-pUrb v`l gujrwq, d`Kx-p`Cm v`l ckvwl qy au~qr vl rwvlipMfI hY[ies dw rkbw 3587 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ ies dI 2020 ivc AwbwdI swFy 12 l`K dy krIb hY[ ies dIAW cwr qihsIlW hn: ijhlm, sohwvw, ipMf dwdn ^wn qy dInw[ ies pRwcIn ielwky ivc bhuq swrIAW purwxIAW qvwrI^I QWvW hn, ijvyN it`lw jogIAW (nOvIN sdI dIAW iemwrqW dw), rohqws iklHw (ijs nUM Syr Swh sUrI dI hdwieq ’qy tofr m`l ny bxwieAw sI)[ ieh iklHw cwr iklomItr dy dwiery ivc PYilAw hoieAw hY[ ies nUM bxwaux ivc A`T swl l`gy sn[ mgroN 1555 ivc ies ’qy hmwXUM, iPr nwdr Swh, Aihmd Swh du`rwnI Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy dwdy cVHq isMG qy iPr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw kbzw irhw sI[ ieh Awm mMinAw jWdw hY ik iskMdr qy pors ivckwr tkrwA ies izlHy ivc hI hoieAw sI[ ies nUM jMjUAw kOm dw ielwkw vI ikhw jWdw hY.

ijhlm ngr dw iek idRS

rohqws iklHy dw iek dUr dw idRS

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jvwlwmuKI mMdr

kWgVy izlHw qy qihsIl ivc iek mMdr[ ieh Drmswlw qoN 55, pTwnkot qoN qkrIbn 110 qy ndOx qoN 13 iklomItr dUr hY[ ies nUM juAwlwdyvI mMdr qy juAwlwjI vI kihMdy hn[ ies mMdr ivc Akbr ny sony dw CqR cVHwieAw sI[ jvwlwmuKI ivc audoN iek in`kw ijhw mMdr sI[ ies ivc koeI bu~q nhIN sI isr& iek jvwlw (lwt) sI[ ieh lwt zmIn ’coN inkldIAW gYsW dy blx nwl inkldI sI[ Aijhw jwpdw hY ik ies zmIn dy hyTW XUrynIAm pdwrQ jW koeI gYs hY[ pujwrIAW dy kihx ’qy Axjwx lok gYs nwl blx vwlI iek lwt nUM ZYbI cIz smJ ky ies dI pUjw krdy sn[ audoN ieh mMdr in~kw ijhw sI; mgroN ies dI iemwrq vDdI geI[ ieh iSv dy 51 muK SkqIpIT ivcoN iek hY imQhws muqwibk eyQy iSv dI pqnI sqI dI jIB if`gI sI[

gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn ies rsqy qoN ho ky gey sn Aqy ie`Qy iek rwq pVwA kIqw sI[ ieh vI irvwieq hY ik gurU goibMd isMG jI vI 1692 ivc ies rsqy qoN lMG ky eyQy ruk ky gey sn[ gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc ‘Arjn nwgw’ nW QW ’qy iek mMjI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI, jo audwsIAW dy kbzy ivc hY[ jvwlwmuKI mMdr ’qy ligAw swrw sonw jMmU dy iDAwn isMh fogrw dy kihx ’qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Aqyy cWdI dy drvwzy kuMvr (mgroN mhwrwjw) KVk isMG ny idqy sn.

Arjn nwgw qy gurU jI dI Xwdgwr
(qsvIr: DMnw isMG cihl, 17 jUn 1933)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsvwn

ieh jsvwl (ktoc vMS) rwjpUqW dI (mOjUdw aUnw izlHw ivc) iek irAwsq sI, jo ieh kWgVw qoN v`K hoeIAW irAwsqW ivcoN iek sI[rwjpurw ienHW dI rwjDwnI sI[ ies irAwsq dw mu`F sMn 1170 ivc b`Jw sI[ ies dw pihlw rwjw pUrb cMd sI[ ies irAwsq ny Akbr dy hmly vyly kWgVw dy rwjy dw ft ky swQ id`qw sI; pr mgroN muZlW dI ZulwmI kbUl kr leI sI[

muZlW nwl rl ky ienHW ny 1696 ivc muZlW v`loN hrIpur (gulyr irAwsq) dy rwjw gopwl ’qy kIqy hmly ivc gulyr (18 &rvrI) Aqy Blwn ipMf (30 ApRYl) dIAW lVweIAW ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ ienHW dw bhuq qgVw jrnYl juJwr isMh hwfw is`KW dy h`QoN Blwn ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ A^Ir sMn 1711 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdr ny ies irAwsq qoN eIn mnvweI sI[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI mgroN ieh iPr muZlW nwl rl gey sn[ sMn 1785 ivc rwmgVHIAw imsl ny ies irAwsq ’qy hmlw kr ky ienHW qoN eIn mnvweI sI; qy ieh aunHW nUM Krwj dyNdy rhy sn[ sMn 1815 ivc rwjw aumYd isMh vyly, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny, Awpxw hukm nw mMnx dy jurm hyT, ies irAwsq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI Aqy aus dy mihl Aqy iklHw Fwh id`qy sn[ rwjy nUM 21 ipMfW dI jwgIr Aqy 12 hzwr rupY swlwnw dy ky AlmoVw Byj id`qw igAw sI (ij`Qy auh sMn 1863 ivc mr igAw sI)[ sMn 1877 ivc AMgryzW ny aumYd isMG dy poqy rx isMh nUM ieh irAwsq moV id`qI sI (pr aunHW nUM rwjw AKvwaux dw h`k nhIN id`qw sI)[ AMgryzW ny aus nUM aus dI rwjDwnI rwjpurw Aqy AMb ielwky vI dy id`qy sn[ jMmU dy rwjy gulwb isMh fogry dI poqI nwl ivAwh krn kr ky rx isMh nUM jMmU ivc rwmkot dI jwgIr vI iml geI sI[ sMn 1892 ivc rx isMh dy pu`qr rGUnwQ isMh nUM rwjw AKvwaux dw h`k dobwrw dy id`qw igAw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

j`sI/ j`sI bgvwlI

izlHw biTMfw dI sMgq qihsIl dw iek ipMf (sMgq qoN 5 Aqy biTMfw qoN 25 qkrIbn iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI ny iKdrwxy dI Fwb (hux mukqsr) qoN qlvMfI swbo jWidAW, rupwxw, BUMdV, ig`dVbwhw Aq bWfI ipMf qoN cl ky, 4 jnvrI 1706 dI Swm nUM pVwA kIqw sI[ rwq gurU jI Aqy aunHW dy swQI BweI im`q isMG dI hvylI  ivc rhy sn[

ies ipMf bwry pRcilq iek khwxI muqwibk 5 jnvrI dI svyr vyly gurU jI ny ie`QoN dy iek qlwA ivc ‘ieSnwn’ kIqw ijs dy pwxI ivcoN lMGx nwl aunHW dy kpVy Aqy GoVy b`gy (ic`ty) rMg dy ho gey (isr& dsqwrW hI surmeI rih geIAW ikauNik aunHW dy isr pwxI qoN bwhr sn)[ ies khwxI dy nwl hI qlwA nwl iek hor kwlpink khwxI joV id`qI geI sI ik kdy eyQy vwsdyv irSI Aqy rwmwiex dw nwiek rwmcMdr vI Awey sn qy aunHW ies qlwA ivc ieSnwn kIqw sI ijs nwl aunHW dy kpVy vI s&Yd ho gey sn[ ies kr ky ies dw nW bgsr (b`gw/ic`tw sr/qlwA) cl ipAw sI[ 6 jnvrI dy idn j`sI ipMf ivc hI BweI m`Kx Swh lubwxw dw bytw BweI lwl isMG gurU jI nUM Awx imilAw sI Aqy iqMn mx guV (jo aus kol mOjUd qIh mx guV dw dsvMD sI) gurU jI Aqy sMgqW ivc vrqwieAw[ gurU jI pMj idn j`sI ipMf ivc rhy sn qy 9 jnvrI 1706 dy idn qlvMfI swbo vl dobwrw s&r SurU kIqw sI.

(qsvIr: gurduAwrw bgsr, ipMf j`sI bgvwlI):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jsrot/ jsrotw

jMmU kSmIr dy kTUAw izlHw ivc, jsrotw ngr jsrotIAw rwjpUqW dI irAwsq dI rwjDwnI sI[ ies irAwsq dw mu`F jMmU kSmIr dy SwhI ^wndwn dy rwjw js dyv (hkmq dw smW sMn 1020 qoN 1053) qoN SurU huMdw hY[ ieh jMmU rwj dIAW ds irAwsqW ivcoN iek sI[ js dyv ny ieh ielwkw Awpxy Brw (iek irvwieq muqwibk cwcw) krn dyv nUM dy id`qw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1350 ivc ieh irAwsq do ih`isAW ivc vMfI geI sI[ mAwsrl aumrw dy lyKk muqwibk sMn 1594 ivc ie`QoN dy rwjy iBvU dyv ny muZl bwdSwh Akbr dw mukwblw krn vwsqy iek l`K &Oj BrqI kIqI sI[ mgroN ieh muZl dy Zulwm bx gey sn[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dy smyN ivc ies irAwsq dIAW &OjW muZl &OjW dy nwl rl ky is`KW dy i^lw& lVdIAW rhIAW sn[ gurdws nMgl dy Gyry smyN ie`QoN dI v`fI &Oj muZlW dy nwl sI[ is`K imslW vyly vI ieh muZl &OjW nwl dw ft ky swQ dyNdw irhw sI[ sMn 1805 qoN mgroN eyQoN dy rwjy rxDIr isMh ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI sI[ 1834 ivc rxjIq isMG ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ky ies nUM jwgIr ivc bdl id`qw Aqy iDAwn isMh dy pu`qr hIrw isMh nUM qoh&y ivc dy id`qI sI[ jsrotw dw mOjUdw iklHw ies hIrw isMh ny bxvwieAw sI[ sMn 1844 ivc jd lwhOr drbwr dIAW &OjW ny hIrw isMG nUM kql kIqw qW aus mgroN aunHW ny ieh iklHw Fwh id`qw sI. (qsvIr: jsrotw dy iklHy dy KMfr).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jspwl BweI ky

izlHw luiDAwxw ivc iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU hir rwey swihb mwlvw ielwky dy Awpxy dOry dOrwn ruky sn[ sQwnk lokW dw dwAvw hY ik ie`QoN dy iek lWgrI is`K swgr m`l nUM gurU jI ny iek joVI q^qy Aqy iek loh (v`fw qvw, qvI) b^SI sI[ sQwnk irvwieq muqwibk iek vwr jlMDr dw nwieb sUbydwr dIn muhMmd durwhy qoN jlMDr jWdw eyQy ruikAw sI qy ipMf vwsIAW ny aus nUM Aqy aus dI &Oj nUM rotI KuAweI sI[ ies qoN ^uS ho ky aus ny ipMf dy nW do hzwr ivGy zmIn lw id`qI sI[ lokW ivc ieh vI pRclq hY ik aus ny gurduAwry dy nW ’qy ‘ZrIb ngrI’ nW dw iek ipMf vI luAwieAw sI[ ieh khwxI ies ky vI S`kI hY ikauN ik aunHW simAW ivc ieh gurduAwrw mOjUd hI nhIN sI[ ies dw izkr nw qW igAwnI igAwn isMG ny kIqw hY Aqy nw hI BweI DMnw isMG cihl (ijs ny 1930 qoN 1934 dOrwn sweIkl ’qy ies ielwky dy swry gurduAwirAW dw dOrw kr ky qsvIrW leIAW sn).

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jnvwfw/ jnvwVw

krnwtk sUby dy ibdr izlHw ivc iek ipMf (nMdyV qoN A`gy 160 iklomItr dUr, qy ibdr qoN qkrIbn 11 iklomItr dUr); ijs bwry iek kwlpink khwxI mShUr hY ik gurU goibMd isMG jI ny “joqI-joiq smwaux qoN mgroN” sqwrw (pUnw dw nyVy) iklHy ivc jw ky ie`QoN dy do reIs mrh`itAW rusqm rwie Aqy bwlw rwie nUM sqwrw (pUnw dw nyVy) iklHy ivcoN kYd qoN CufwieAw sI qy aunHW nUM ikhw sI ik nMMdyV jw ky is`KW nUM d`sx ik gurU jI ny aunHW nUM ikvyN irhw krvwieAw sI[ ies mgroN auh nMdyV gey Aqy swrI vwrqw suxweI[ auh kuJ icr nMdyV rhy Aqy iPr Awpxy ipMf jnvwVw prq gey[ aunHW is`KW nUM aunHW kol jw ky rihx vwsqy ikhw pr koeI vI is`K iqAwr nw hoieAw[ A^Ir mweI Bwgo mMn geI Aqy au~Qy rihMdI rhI[ jnvwVw ivc mweI Bwgo dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw qp AsQwn mweI Bwgo bixAw hoieAw hY[ eyQy bicqr nwtk (AKOqI dsmgRMQ) dw pRkwS vI kIqw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jMgIrwxw

biTMfw qoN 20 qy ig`dVbwhw qoN 4 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU goibMd isMG Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc, do iklomItr dUr, dwny dw c`k ipMf ivc, iek mMjI swihb bixAw sI, jo hux mOjUd nhIN[ au~Qy iek gurduAwrw rohlw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy iek hor nvW gurduAwrw vI bxwieAw igAw hY[ isdkI poQI muqwibk ie`QoN dw rohlw nW dw iek nweI ShId hoieAw sI; iesy kr ky ies nUM rohlw swihb kihMdy hn[ ipMf ivc aus dI smwD vI bxI hoeI hY.

rohlw dI smwD

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jMifAwlw gurU

jMifAwlw gurU (izlHw AMimRqsr (AMimRqsr qoN 16 iklomItr dUr) iek pRwcIn ipMf hY[ ie`QoN dy kuJ lok dwAvw krdy hn ik aunHW dy v`fy-vfyry ip`CoN jYslmyr dy B`tI rwjpUqW ivcoN sn[ aunHW ivcoN rxDIr isMh srW nW dy iek bMdy ny 1580 ivc ieh ipMf bMinHAw sI (ieh shI nhIN ikauN ik ieh hMdwl dw ipMf sI, jo 1573 ivc jMimAw sI))[ aus dI kul dy lok Awpxy Awp nUM rMDwvw j`t kihMdy hn[ ieh lok dwAvw krdy hn gurU Amr dws jI v`loN QwpIAW 22 mMjIAW (pRcwr kyNdr) ivc iek ienHW dy v`fy vfyry hMdwl kol sI[ ieh g`p hY ikauNik gurU Amrdws 1574 ivc joqI-joiq smwey sn qy hMdwl dw jnm 1573 dw hY (Xwin aus vyly auh isr& iek swl dw sI)[ drAsl hMdwl nwQ-jogIAW dw cylw sI; Aqy ikauNik gurU nwnk swihb dy pRcwr sdkw pMjwb ivc nwQ jogIAW dI mwnqw qkrIbn ^qm ho geI sI Aqy ies kr ky audoN ieh is`KI Aqy is`KW dy duSmx sn[ hMdwl dw iek pu`qr (jW poqw) ibDIcMd sI ijs ny BweI bwlw dw nW vrq ky iek jnmswKI iqAwr kIqI sI ijs ivc aus ny hMdwl nUM gurU nwnk swihb qoN au~cw swibq krn dI koiSS ivc keI g`p khwxIAW joVIAW sn[ ieh prvwr ATwrHvIN sdI ivc vI is`KW nwl Kwr KWdw irhw sI Aqy jdoN muZlW ny is`KW dw kqlyAwm SurU kIqw sI qW ieh prvwr mu^brIAW dy ky is`KW nUM igR&qwr krvw ky muZl srkwr Aqy Aihmd Swh du`rwnI qoN eInwm hwisl kirAw krdw sI[ mu^brI dIAW ieh hrkqW sB qoN vD Awkl dws ny kIqIAW sn[ auh nwQ jogIAW dw bolw ‘AlK inrMjn’ duhrwieAw krdw sI; ies kr ky aus dI A`l ‘inrMjnIAw’ pY geI sI[ ies hrBgq inrMjnIAw nUM is`KW ny keI vwr mwrn dI koiSS kIqI sI, pr ieh bc jwieAw krdw sI[ 5 &rvrI 1762 dw G`lUGwrw ies dy kwrn hI vwpirAw sI ikauNik Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ies nUM is`KW qoN bcwaux vwsqy AwieAw sI[ A^Ir 1765 qoN mgroN is`K ies nUM mwrn ivc kwmXwb hoey sn[ is`K rwj Awaux ’qy ies dy ^wndwn dy bcy-Kucy lok is`K bx gey sn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuq swry A`j vI jMifAwlw gurU ivc rihMdy hn[ aunHW ny ipMf ivc hMdwl dI smwD Aqy iek gurduAwrw qy qlwA bxwey hoey hn[ ipMf ivc nwQ jogIAW dw iek fyrw vI hY.

jMifAwlw mM\kI

jMifAwlw mM\kI, izlHw jlMDr dI qihsIl ruVkw klW dw iek ipMf hY (ruVkw qoN 10 Aqy jlMDr qoN 23 iklomItr dUr)[ ies nUM kuJ lok jMifAwlw mMjkI vI ilKdy hn[ ieh pMjwb AsYNblI dy jlMDr CwvxI hlky dw ih`sw hY[ iksy vyly ieh ielwkw mM\ rwjpUqW dw kyNdr hoieAw krdw sI[ pMjwb dw pwxI hirAwxw nUM dyx ivc sB qoN vD mddgwr pMjwb dw muK mMqrI drbwrw isMG iesy ipMf dw sI.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jMfwlI

izlHw luiDAwxw ivc, pwiel-jrg mwrg ’qy, dorwhw qoN 10 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ijs ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jMfsr gurduAwrw

qlvMfI swbo (izlHw biTMfw) ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb 16 jnvrI 1706 qoN 29 AkqUbr 1706 qk rhy sn dy bwhrvwr (qkrIbn 600 mItr dUr) iek gurduAwrw[ irvwieq muqwibk gurU jI ny Awpxw GoVw ie`Qy iek jMf dy dr^q nwl bMinHAw sI[ ie`Qy iek jMf dw purwxw dr^q mOjUd hY, ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh ausy jMf dIAW SwKwvW ivcoN auigAw dr^q hY:

jMf dw purwxw dr^q

jMf swihb gurduAwry

pMjwb ivc ies nW dy bhuq swry gurduAwry hn[ jdoN gurU swihb iek QW qoN dUjI QW ’qy jwieAw krdy sI qW rsqy ivc Q`k jwx dI sUrq ivc auh kuJ smW iksy dr^q hyTW Awrwm kirAw krdy sn[ aunHW ny ijhVIAW QWvW ’qy iksy jMf dy dr^q hyTW Awrwm kIqw sI SrDwlUAW ny aunHW ivcoN keI QWvW ’qy gurduAwrw bxw ky aus dw nW jMf swihb r`K id`qw sI[ ienHW ivcoN kuJ hyT ilKIAW QWvW hn: 1. izlHw huiSAwrpur ivc lihlI klW ipMf dy bwhrvwr gurU hir rwie jI dI Xwd ivc 2. izlHw ropV ivc moirMfw dy nyVy gurU hir rwie jI dI Xwd ivc (ies QW vsy hoey ipMf nUM hux hir rwiepur Aqy jMf swihb kihMdy hn) 3. cmkOr qoN pMj iklomItr dUripMf ^wnpur Aqy &qhpur dy ivckwr (srhMd nihr dy nyVy)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI cmkOr qoN 7-8 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq vyly mwCIvwVw jWdy ruky sn 4. izlHw &rIdkot ivc (&rIdkot qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) ivrvyvwl klwrI ipMf dy bwhrvwr gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc 5. izlHw mukqsr ivc (ig`dVbwhw qoN 9 iklomItr dUr), ipMf QyhVI dy bwhrvwr gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc 6. izlHw biTMfw ivc ipMf guMmtI klW dy bwhrvwr (BweI rUpw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr, Bgqw-gumtI mwrg ’qy; koTw gurU qy gumtI klW dy ivckwr) hirgoibMd jI dI Xwd ivc[ eyQy gurU jI ny BweI rUpw qoN TMFw pwxI pIqw sI (pihlW eyQy quklwxI ipMf huMdw sI jo hux mOjUd nhIN hY).

jMf swihb lihlI klW (huiSAwrpur)

jMf swihb hir rwiepur

&qhpur (ropV) ivc purwxw jMf dw dr^q

jMf swihb ivrvyvwl klwrI (&rIdkot)

jMf swihb koTw gurU (biTMfw)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jwmw rwey

pMjwb dy qrnqwrn izlHw dI KfUr qihsIl ivc (KfUr qoN 15, qrnqwrn qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ijhVw gurU nwnk swihb dy v`fy-vfyirAW dw j`dI ipMf sI[ ies dw purwxw nW p`TyivMf sI[ pRclq khwxI muqwibk iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb ies ipMf ivc Awey sn qW aunHW dy irSqydwrW ny aunHW nUM vVn nw id`qw ikauNik aunHW nUM fr sI ik auh AwpxI j`dI zmIn ’qy h`k jqwauxgy[ ieh vyK ky gurU jI au~QoN lohwr ipMf cly gey[ (jwmw rwey qoN lohwr 2 iklomItr dUr) hY lohwr ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh pihlW in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI ijs nUM gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny bxvwieAw sI[ hux bhuq v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw KUh vI hY ijs nUM ‘gurU nwnk swihb dw KUh’ mMinAw jWdw hY[ ies KUh ivc sMmq 1883 (sMn 1826) dI iek isl vI lgI hoeI hY ijs ivc ies KUh dI murMmq krn bwry iliKAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb lohwr:

lohwr ipMf ivc ‘gurU nwnk swihb dw KUh’

gurU nwnk swihb dy KUh ivc l`gI is`l

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jilAW vwlw bwZ

AMimRqsr ivc, drbwr swihb qoN QoVHI jhI dUrI ’qy iek bwZ[ ieh bwZ ihMmq isMG ny lgvwieAw sI[ ihmq isMG, pu`qr cODrI gulwb rwey bYNs, dw jnm mwihlpur (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc hoieAw sI[ies prvwr dw ipCokV j`lyvwl (izlHw pitAwlw) dw sI[ aus ny jnvrI 1764 ivc srhMd dy hmly ivc ih`sw ilAw sI[ 1812 ivc ieh lwhOr drbwr (rxjIq isMG) dy drbwr ivc vzIr bx igAw[ ihMmq isMG dI mOq 1829 ivc hoeI sI[ aus ny mrn qoN kuJ smW pihlW ieh bwZ lgvwieAw sI; aus dw ipCoV j`lyvwl ipMf dw hox kr ky ies bwZ nUM jilHAWvwlw bwZ kihMdy sn[

jilHAWvwlw bwZ dI iek bhuq purwxI qsvIr

13 ApRYl 1919 dy idn ie`Qy jnrl fwier ny golIAW clw ky 379 lok mwr id`qy sn Aqy 1300 dy krIb lok z^mI kIqy sn[ 10 qoN 12 AkqUbr 1920 dy idn eyQy ‘Kwlsw brwdrI kwrj swDk dl’ v`loN smwgm hoieAw sI ijs mgroN AKOqI ACUq is`K drbwr swihb v`l gey sn Aqy pujwrIAW ny prSwd kbUl krn qoN nWh kr id`qI sI qy ies Gtnw ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kwiem kIqI sI; Xwin ieh QW AkwlI lihr dw jnm AsQwn hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jlMDr

pMjwb dw iek pRwcIn ngr[ sqluj Aqy ibAws dirAwvW (doAwbw) dw muK ngr[ jlMDr dw izkr purwnW (^ws kr ky pdm purwn, kwilkw purwn, mqsX purwn, vwXU purwn, bRhmnMd purwn), XogI qMqr Aqy mhWBwrq ivc AwauNdw hY[ ieh mihMjodwVo Aqy hV`pw dy smyN dw Sihr hY[ aus vyly ie`Qy (mOjUdw soFl Aqy purwxy iklHy dy ivckwr) iek bhuq vfI phwVI huMdI sI[ ies dy nwl hI iek iklHw sI (jo AMgryzW ny Fwh id`qw sI; hux iklHy dI QW ’qy Gr bx cuky hn; ieh iklHw mOjUdw iklHw muh`lw, kwzI muh`lw qoN mweI hIrW gyt Aqy A`fw huiSAwrpur qk huMdw sI; ieh sB ielwky iklHy dy Qyh ’qy bxy hoey hn)[ mhwrwjw ASok dy smyN jrnYlI sVk jo pwtlIpu`qr qoN ipSwvr nUM jWdI sI, ie`QoN ho ky jWdI sI[ ies ngr Aqy mOjUdw krqwrpur ngr dy ivckwr (mOjUdw srwey ^ws) ivc iek bVI v`fI srW sI (iesy kr ky ies ipMf dw nW bixAw sI)[ mShUr cInI XwqrI ihaUn sWg eyQy 15 mwrc 635 dy idn AwieAw sI Aqy cwr mhIny irhw sI; auh dobwrw 20 sqMbr dy idn AwieAw sI Aqy iek mhInw eyQy irhw sI[ audoN ieh bu`D mq dw bVw v`fw kyNdr sI[ sqvIN sdI ivc ies ngr ’qy ktoc rwjpUqW dw rwj sI (ies irAwsq nUM iqRgrq kihMdy sn)[ audoN Sihr dw dwierw iqMn mur`bw iklomItr sI[ sMn 804 ivc kSmIr dy SMkrvrmn ny rwjw ipRQvI cMdr nUM hrw ky ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ pr aus dI mOq mgroN ieMdU cMdr dy vwrsW ny dobwrw kbzw hwisl kr ilAw sI[sMn 1028 qoN 1081 qk iqRgrq dyS ’qy ieMdU cMdr ktoc dy vwirsW dw kbzw irhw sI[ ies mgroN muslmwn ies ielwky qy kwbz ho gey[ ZznI dw iebrwhIm Swh ie`QoN dw pihlw muslmwn hwkm sI[ mShUr sU&I prcwrk bwbw Sy^ &rId vI ies ielwky ivc irhw sI[ aus vyly jlMDr ivc drjnW msijdW bxIAW hoeIAW sn (ijnHW ivc 12vIN sdI dI iemwm nwisr dI msijd A`j vI kwiem hY, pr ies dw mOjUdw FWcw pMdrvIN sdI dI hY)[ sMn 1246 ivc eyQy eId dw iqauhwr bhuq Swn nwl mnwieAw igAw sI[sMn 1297 ivc aulZ ^wn eyQoN dw hwkm sI[sMn 1417 ivc zIrk ^wn ies ’qy kwbz sI[ ies mgroN eyQy mubwirk Swh dw vI kbzw irhw[sMn 1520 qoN mgroN eyQy muZl kwbz ho gey sn[auh eyQy 200 swl qoN vD Awrwm nwl hkUmq krdy rhy sn[ dsMbr 1757 is`KW ny j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI AgvweI ivc jlMDr ’qy hmlw kIqw[ is`KW dw twkrw krn vwsqy A&Zwn jrnYl s`dwq ^wn A&rIdI &Oj lY ky AwieAw pr is`KW h`QoN mwirAw igAw[ ies mgroN is`KW ny nwisr AlI (ijs ny kuJ mhIny pihlW du`rwnI dy pu`qr qYmUr Aqy jhwn ^wn nwl rl ky) krqwrpur ngr nUM A`g leI sI) dI kbr l`B ky aus dI lwS nUM k`F ky swiVAw qy ieM\ aus nUM krqwrpur nUM swVn dI szw id`qI[ (iek muslmwn vwsqy sB qoN v`fI szw aus dI lwS dw sVnw hY)[ jd qYmUr ^wn nUM is`KW v`loN jlMDr ’qy kbzw krn dI ^br imlI qW aus ny Kvwjw aubYd-aulw-^wn dI AgvweI ivc 25 hzwr &OjI is`KW ’qy hmlw krn vwsqy Byjy[ ies &Oj dI is`KW nwl isr& iek t`kr hoeI ijs ivc auh (A&Zwn) burI qrHW hwr gey qy Awpxw coKw nukswn krvw ky lwhOr nUM prq gey[ ieh Gtnw dsMbr 1757 qy jnvrI 1758 dy ivckwr dI hY[sMn 1761 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI ny vwips muVn qoN pihlW zYn ^wn nUM srhMd dw &Ojdwr, Kvwjw AbYd nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr, srbulMd ^wn nUM mulqwn dw sUbydwr Aqy GumMf cMd ktoc nUM jlMDr-doAwb dw &Ojdwr qweInwq kr id`qw sI[ pr ieh ivcwry qW bs nW dy hI hwkm sn[ ienHW dI hkUmq ienHW dIAW rwjDwnIAW qy ikilHAW dy AMdr hI sI[ ieh lok pMjwb ivc v`fI &Oj qoN ibnW KulHy-Awm GuMm vI nhIN skdy sI[ pMjwb dy Asl hwkm qW is`K hI sn[ du`rwnI dy jwx qoN bwAd is`K jlMDr v`l vDy Aqy bVI AwswnI nwl ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[sMn 1762 ivc Aihmd Swh dur`wnI Pyr AwieAw qW is`K jlMDr ^wlI kr gey[ jUn 1763 ivc is`K &OjW ny jlMDr ’qy Pyr hmlw kIqw[ A&Zwn &Ojdwr swdwq ^wn ny Awpxy-Awp nUM iklHy ivc bMd kr ilAw[ is`KW ny jlMDr dy Awly-duAwly muZlW Aqy pTwxW dy ^zwny lu`t ley[sMn 1770 ivc jlMDr ngr dw kbzw bu`D isMG kol sI sMn 1811 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny &qh isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI mdd nwl jlMDr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[sMn 1846 ivc ieh AMgryzW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ AMgryzW ny eyQy iek CwvxI kwiem kr leI[

28 dsMbr 1849 dy idn, BweI mhwrwj isMG Awdmpur nyVy iek gMny dy Kyq ivc Awpxy 21 swQIAW sxy luky hoey sn ik aunHW nUM iek muslmwn ny vyK ilAw[ ifptI kimSnr iek dm BwrI &ors lY ky Awdmpur Aw pu`jw[ &Oj ny aus Kyq nUM cwry pwisAW qoN Gyr ilAw[ eynI v`fI &Oj vyK ky BweI mhwrwj isMG ny mihsUs kIqw ik auh B`j nhIN skxgy[ BweI mhwrwj isMG nUM igR&qwr kr ky ausy vkq sMglW qy byVIAW ivc jkV id`qw igAw[ BweI mhwrwj isMG nUM jlMDr jylH ivc iljwieAw igAw[ jd auh au~Qy pu`jy qW au~Qy qweInwq pihrydwrW ny BweI mhwrwj isMG nUM vyK ky isr Jukw ky siqkwr zwihr kIqw[ ies qoN ifptI kimSnr bhuq fr igAw qy aus ny BweI mhwrwj isMG nUM jlMDr jylH ivc r`Kx dI bjwie &ort ivlIAm klk`qw (qy mgroN isMgwpur) Byj id`qw sI[

&IrozdIn quZlk vyly jrnYlI sVk dw rsqw luiDAwxw, nUrmihl, nkodr vloN ho jwx kwrn jlMDr dI AihmIAq kuJ Gt geI sI (jo AMgryzI hkUmq vyly sMn 1850 qoN mgroN dobwrw kwiem hoeI sI) sMn 1947 qk jlMDr ivc muslmwnW dI AwbwdI 60% sI[ ies mgroN is`K Aqy ihMdU eyQy Aw vsy sn[ 2020 ivc ies ngr ivc qkrIbn 40% dilq, 32% ihMdU (bRwhmx, bwxIAw, KqrI-AroVw qy jYnI), 22% is`K, 2% iesweI Aqy 2% muslmwn qy 2% bwkI dUjy DrmW dy hn[

ie`QoN dIAW purwnIAW XwdgwrW ivcoN mweI virMdwvn dw qlwA Alop ho cukw hY[ dyvI qlwA, p`kw qlwA is`K imslW dy vyly dy hn[ eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dw bwZ qkrIbn A`Dw rih igAw hY[ hux jlMDr mIfIAw dw v`fw kyNdr hY; AjIq, AkwlI pqrkw, jgbwxI Aqy pMjwb kysrI A^bwrW eyQoN CpdIAW hn[ kdy pMjwbI ivc sB qoN vD Cpx vwlIAW A^bwr AkwlI (sMn 1961 qoN mgroN jQydwr nW hyT) vI eyQoN CpdI huMdI sI[

jlMDr dw sbMD gurU hir goibMd swihb nwl vI hY[ 28 ApRYl 1635 dy idn jdoN gurU jI krqwrpur qoN kIrqpur vl c`ly sn qW auh rwh ivc eyQy ruky sn Aqy eyQoN dy Sy^ drvyS nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc bsqI Sy^ ivc do gurduAwry bxy hoey hn; ienHW ivcoN iek Sy^ drvyS dI kbr au~qy (gurduAwrw crn kMvl) bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy dUjw bsqI dy AMdr (gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN).

Sy^ drvyS dI kbr au~qy bixAw gurduAwrw crn kMvl

bsqI Sy^ dy AMdr bixAw gurduAwrw

virMdw dI gu&w vwlI QW ’qy bixAw mMdr

msijd iemwm nwisr

is`K imslw kwl dw ‘p`kw qlwA’, ijs ’qy iek mMdr vwilAW ny kbzw kr ilAw hY

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jlwlwbwd (A&Zwinsqwn)

auh ipMf jW ngr ijs nUM iksy jlwl-aud-dIn jW jlwl ^wn ny vswieAw sI jW ijs dw nW iksy jlwl dy nW ’qy r`iKAw igAw sI[ kirigzsqwn, A&Zwinsqwn Aqy Bwrq ivc ies nW dy Gto-Gt Cy ipMf jW ngr hn[

A&Zwinsqwn dw ngr jlwlwbwd kwbul dirAw Aqy kunwr dirAw dy sMgm ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ ieh kwbul qoN 150 qy ipSwvr qoN 130 iklomItr dUr hY[

2020 ivc ies dI AwbwdI iqMn l`K 56 hzwr qoN kuJ vD sI[ eyQoN dy qkrIbn swry hI vwsI muslmwn suMnI i&rky nwl sbMD rKdy hn[ ikhw jWdw hY ik pihlW ies dw nW AdInwpur sI (Swied kdy ies dw ngr dw nW hor vI hovy ikauN ik ieh nW vI muslmwnI nW hY, pr ieh ngr hzrq muhMmd dy jnm qoN bhuq pihlW dw hY)[ 1590 dy duAwly ies dw nW pIr rOSn dy pu`qr jlwl dy nW ’qy jlwlwbwd rK id`qw igAw sI[ ieh ngr iksy vyly bu`D Drm dw iek v`fw kyNdr sI[ ies dw izkr cInI XwqrI XUAwn zMg ny kIqw hY[ dsvIN sdI ivc ZznvIAW ny ies ngr nUM ij`q ky ie`Qy ieslwm PYlwauxw SurU kIqw sI[ aunHW mgroN ieh ngr ZOrI vMS Aqy ayus mgroN ^ljI vMS (jlwlu`dIn KljI) dy kbzy ivc irhw[ ies mgroN ieh muZlW dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw[ 1738 ivc ies ’qy nwdr Swh dw kbzw ho igAw qy aus mgroN Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dy ^wndwn dI hkUmq rhI[ ie`QoN dy Aw^rI mShUr bwdSwh Amwn aulw (bwdSwhq 1929 qk, mOq 1960) Aqy ds mhIny vwsqy bwdSwh hbIbulw (mOq 1929) sn[ 1979 ivc ies ’qy rUs dw kbzw ho igAw Aqy 1992 ivc ieh mujwhdInW Aqy 1996 ivc qwilbwn dy kbzy hyT Aw igAw.

(qsvIr: jlwlwbwd Sihr ivc dirAw dw pul Aqy ikRkt styfIAm)

gurU nwnk swihb m`kw qy bZdwd qoN vwpsI smyN ies ngr ivc ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurU nwnk drbwr jlwlwbwd Sihr ivc Aqy gurduAwrw cSmw swihb (jlwlbwd qoN 8 iklomItr dUr kwbl dy rsqy ’qy) bxwey gey sn (ies nUM cohw swihb vI kihMdy hn)[ ieh dovyN gurduAwry A`j vI kwiem hn[ pr hux ies ngr ivc is`KW dI igxqI nW mwqR hY[

gurduAwrw gurU nwnk drbwr jlwlwbwd

gurduAwrw cSmw swihb jlwlwbwd

2019 Aqy 2020 ivc is`KW dy kqlyAwm qoN mgroN swry is`K A&Zwinsqwn C`f ky jw cuky sn[ ies qoN bwAd gurduAwirAW ’qy qwilbwn dw kbzw ho jwx jW qwh kr idqy jwx nUM koeI nhIN rok skygw’

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jYqo 

jYqo (biTMfw qoN 30; &rIdkot qoN 28 iklomItr dUr) izlHw &rIdkotdw iekieiqhwsk  ngr  hY[  ieh  ngr  biTMfw,  mukqsr,   &Irozpur,  mogw  qybrnwlw izilHAW ivc iGirAw hoieAw hY[ gurU goibMd isMG jI, kotkpUrw Aqy iFlvW qoN rwmyAwxw qy iKdrwny dI Fwb (hux mukqsr) v`l jWidAW, 28 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ie`Qy ruky sn[

aunHW dI Xwd ivc do gurduAwry bxy hoey hn: gurduAwrw gMgsr Aqy gurduAwrw it`bI swihb (jo jYqo qoN qkrIbn do iklomItr au~qr v`l hY)[ jYqo dI AhmIAq dobwrw, sMn 1923 qoN 1925 qk c`ly, jYqo morcw kr ky bxI sI; ie`Qy 21 &rvrI 1924 dy idn brqwnI &Oj ny in`hQy is`KW ’qy golI clw ky drjnW is`K, sxy iek AOrq blbIr kOr Aqy aus dy ku`CV cu`ky b`cy sxy mwr id`qy sn[ ij`Qy ienHW is`KW dw sskwr kIqw igAw sI au~Qy vI iek gurduAwrw AMgITw swihb bxw id`qw igAw hY[ jYqo dw syT rwm nwQ (jo 20 swl prjw mMfl dw pRdwn irhw sI) pMjwb dIAW Aihm S^sIAqW ivcoN iek sI.

gurduAwrw gMgsr jYqo

 

gurduAwrw it`bI swihb jYqo

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jYqyvwl

ihmwcl dy izlHw aUnw dy ipMf bwxgVH dy nyVy (nMgl qoN 5, aunw qoN 8 AnMdpur qoN 26 iklomItr dUr), pMjwb qy ihmWcl dI srh`d ’qy ieh iek ipMf hY[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI nwl sbMDq iek klipq khwxI juVI hoeI hY ik iek vwr lVweI dy dOrwn iek idn muZl Aqy phwVI rwijAW dy srdwr SqrMj Kyf rhy sn[ aunHW nUM Kyf ivc msrU& vyK ky gurU jI ny qIr clwieAw qW jo aunHW dy iblkul nyVy Aw l`gw[ auh vyK ky hYrwn ho gey ik ieh koeI jwdUgr hY, ijs ny eynI mhwrq nwl qIr mwirAw hY[ eyny ivc gurU jI ny iek hor qIr mwirAw ijs nwl ru`kw l`gw hoieAw sI ieh koeI jwdU nhIN ieh qW qIr clwaux dI ividAw hY[ ieh khwxI gurU jI dI ausqq vwsqy bxweI hoeI hY, vrnw ies QW ’qy kdy koeI lVweI nhIN hoeI sI[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jYsl qy jYslmyr

rwvl jYsl (sMn 1153 – sMn 1168), Xwdv vMSI B`tI rwjw sI[ auh rwvl dyaU rwj (nOvIN sdI) dI CyvIN pIVI sI[ ienHW dI pihlI irAwsq lodrwvw (jslmyr qoN 15 iklomItr dUr) sI (ies ngr ivc jYnIAW dw iek pRwcIn mMdr hY, jo sMn 1178 ivc bixAw sI qy ijs nUM muhMmd ZOrI ny qbwh kr id`qw sI qy sMn 1615 ivc ies nUM dbwrw bxwieAw igAw sI)[ aus ny jYslmyr irAwsq Aqy iqRkuqw (iqRkUt) phwVI ’qy iek iklHw bxwieAw sI jo A`j vI kwiem hY[ ieh 76 mItr aucI phwVI ’qy bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dw rkbw 460 mItr lMbweI v`l Aqy 230 mItr cOVweI v`l hY, jo qkrIbn cwr mur`bw iklomItr bxdw hY[ ies dy AMdr 7 jYn mMdr hn[ aus ny iklHy vwlI phwVI dy hyTW mOjUdw jYslmyr Sihr vswieAw sI[ aus dI mOq (sMn 1168) mgroN aus dw pu`qr Swilvwn rwjw bixAw sI (ijs ny isAwlkot ngr vswieAw sI)[ jYslmyr irAwsq dI hkUmq rwjpUqwnw qoN ZznI qk sI; ies ivc hnumwngVH, biTMfw, mulqwn, isAwlkot, lwhOr, rwvlipMfI vI Swiml sn[ ies dw rkbw l`KW iklomItr sI[ mgroN musmwnW dy hmilAW kwrn ieh irAwsq suMgVnI SurU ho geI sI[ ies dw kul rkbw (1931 ivc) 41600 mur`bw iklomItr rih igAw sI[ ies irAwsq ny 1550 qoN mgroN muZlW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw sI[ aus smy dy rwjy lUnwkrn ny AwpxI DI dw folw Akbr nUM dy ky AwpxI hkUmq ‘bcw’ leI sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ^wndwn Aqy pitAwlw, nwBw, jINd Awid irAwsqW dy PUl bMs vwly iesy vMS ivcoN hn.

jYslmyr dy iklHy qoN ngr dw iek idRS

 

jYslmyr dy iklHy ivc muK jYn mMdr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jYpur

Aj-klH ieh rwijsQwn sUby dI rwjDwnI hY[jY isMh svweI (3.11.1688-21.9.1743) pu`qr ibSn isMh (poqw rwm isMh qy pVpoqw imrzw jY isMh) ny sMn 1727 ivc (purwxI rwjDwnI AMbyr qoN XwrW iklomItr dUr) ieh ngr vswieAw sI Aqy ies nvyN ngr nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxw ilAw sI[ ies ngr nUM ipMk istI (gulwbI ngr) vI kihMdy hn ikauN ik ie`QoN dw hvw mihl Aqy bhuq swrIAW iemwrqW ies rMg ivc rMgIAW hoeIAW hn[ jYpur qy Awmyr dIAW sB qoN Aihm iemwrqW hvw mihl (sMn 1799), jl mihl (mwn isMh JIl ivc) qy Awmyr iklHw hn:

jYpur dw hvw mihl

jYpur dw jl mihl

Awmyr iklHw (jYpur qoN 11 iklomItr dur)

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jwhmx

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw lwhOr ivc, brkI Qwxy ivc iek ipMf[ hux lwhOr Sihr bhuq PYl igAw hY Aqy ies ipMf qk nvIAW AwbwdIAW bx cukIAW hn[ ieh ipMMf cwhl (fyrw cwhl) dy nyVy hY (ij`Qy gurU jI dy nwnky sn); ies kr ky gurU nwnk swihb eyQy keI vwr gey sn[ gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw roVI swihb bixAw hoieAw sI[ 1947 qoN mgroN ies gurduAwry dI hwlq iek Qyh vrgI ho cukI hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk ies ipMf dy BweI nrIAw ny is`KI dw bhuq pRcwr kIqw sI:

gurduAwrw roVI swihb jwhmn dI AjokI qsvIr

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

­­jwihrw jhUr

izlHw huiSAwrpur dy ipMf pur hIrW (huiSAwrpur qoN 5 iklomitr dUr) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc bxy grduAwry dw nW[ gurU jI bodl qoN kIrqpur jWdy eyQy coA dy kMFy ruky sn.

gurduAwrw zwihrw hzUr pur hIrW

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

(     .                                                            )

jgyVHw

izlHw luiDAwxw ivc (luiDAwxw-mlyrkotlw mwrg ’qy), mMfI AihmdgVH qoN cwr iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb frolI BweI qoN kIrqpur jWidAW ruky sn[ ies QW nUM jgyVHw nwnkpur vI kihMdy hn[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY:

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgnnwQ dI mUrqI qy purI ngr

EfISw sUby ivc (ktk qoN 80 iklomItr dUr smuMdr dy kMFy ‟qy) purI nW dw iek ngr ijs ivc imQhwsk dyvqy ivSnU dI mUrqI bxI hoeI hY[ ies mUrqI nUM kuJ imQhwsk dyvqy ivSnU dy iek rUp ikRSn dw srUp mMndy hn; SYv ies nUM BYrv (BYroN) dw rUp mMndy hn[ ies nUM ikRSn dy Brw blBdr Aqy BYx suBdrw dy nwl (iqkVI) vjoN vI pUjw huMdI hY[ jgn nwQ nUM EfISw, CqIsgVH, bMgwl, JwrKMf, ibhwr, gujrwq, Aswm Awid dy ihMdU mMndy hn (jd ik au~qr dy bhuqy ihMdU iek hor imQhwsk dyvqy rwm dI pUjw krdy hn)[

jgnnwQ bwry iek hor AjIb imQhwsk khwxI pRcilq hY ik jdoN jr nW dy iSkwrI ny BulyKy nwl ikRSn nUM mwr id`qw qW aus dw srIr iek dr^q dy hyTW ipAw-ipAw sV igAw[kuJ smyN mgroN iksy ny aus dIAW AsQIAW iek sMdUk ivc pw ky r`K id`qIAW[ivSnU ny EfISw dy rwjy ieMdr dXumn nUM hukm kIqw ik jgnnwQ dw iek buq bxw ky aus ivc ikRSn dIAW AsQIAW r`K dyvy[ ies kMm vwsqy ivSvkrmw nUM qweInwq kIqw igAw[ ivSvkrmw ny Srq r`KI sI ik jy koeI buq mukMml hox qoN pihlW vyKx Aweygw qW mYN kMm au~Qy hI C`f idAWgw[ do h&qy mgroN rwjw ieMdr dXumn dw idl kr AwieAw ik mYN buq vyK ky AwvW[ ieh soc ky auh ivSvkrmw kol phuMc igAw[ jd ivSvkrmw ny rwjy nUM dyiKAw qW auh Zu`sy ivc Aw igAw qy aus ny bu`q nUM ADUrw hI C`f id`qw[ ies vyly qk jgnnwQ dy buq dy pYr Aqy A`KW bxny rihMdy sn[ ies ‟qy rwjw ieMdr dXumn ny ivSnUM nUM bynqI kIqI ijs ‟qy ivSnU ny ^ud jgnnwQ dIAW A`KW Aqy pYr bxwey Aqy Awpxy h`QIN ies buq nUM kwiem kIqw[

purI iksy zmwny ivc boDIAW dw iek bVw v`fw sYNtr sI; Aqy, Ajokw mMdr pihloN boDIAW dw m`T sI[ jdoN auVIsw ‟qy sUrj-bMsI gMg rwijAW dI hkUmq kwiem hoeI, qW aunHW idnW ivc ivSnUM dy pujwrIAW ny ies boDI mMdr ‟qy kbzw kr ilAw Aqy ies ƒ ivSƒ mMdr bxw ilAw[ mMdr ivclIAW mUrqIAW qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik ieh mMdr boDIAW dw sI[ kuJ mUrqIAW qoN jwpdw hY ik kuJ smW ies ‟qy vwmmwrgIAW dw kbzw vI irhw hovygw[ mOjUdw mMdr gMgvMS ^wndwn dy rwjw cof gMgdyv,  jo  godwvrI  qoN  gMgw  dirAwvW  dy  ivckwrlyielwky  ‟qy  rwj  krdw  sI(hkUmq 1076 qoN 1147), ny bxwieAw sI[kilMg klw dy qrIky dw bixAw (kls dI au~cweIsmyq) ieh qkrIbn 200 Pu`t au~cw hY[ ies dI cwrdIvwrI 24 Pu`t au~cI hY[ ies mMdr dw bwhr dw Ahwqw 665 Pu`t lMmw Aqy 644 Put cOVw hY[

jgn nwQ dw ieh mMdr hux ihMdUAW dy cwr muK DwmW ivcoN iek hY (eyQy muslmwnW Aqy iesweIAW Awid dy ies mMidr ivc dwi^l hox dI mnwhI hY)[ eyQy hr swl hwV dI Suklw p`KI (sudI) dUj dy idn (jUn-julweI ivc) “rQ Xwqrw‟ k`FI jWdI hY jo eyQoN SurU ho ky iqMn iklomItr dUr guMifcw mMdr qk jWdI hY[ ies “rQ Xwqrw‟ ivc iqMn rQ k`Fy jWdy hn[ ienHW ivc ikRSn, blBdr (blrwm) Aqy suBdrw dIAW mUrqIAW r`KIAW jWdIAW hn[ ikRSn dw rQ 16 phIAW dw Aqy 48 Put au~cw huMdw hY; blBdr (blrwm) dw rQ 14 phIAW dw Aqy 44 Put au~cw huMdw hY Aqy suBdrw dw rQ 12 phIAW dw Aqy 43 Put au~cw huMdw hY[ purwxy simAW ivc AMD ivSvwsI lok ienHW rQW hyT Aw ky mrn nUM mukqI smiJAw krdy sn; hux sur`iKAw AiDkwrI Aijhw krn nhIN dyNdy[

cYqMnX mhWpRBU (1486-1534) ny Awpxw bhuq smW eyQy ibqwieAw sI[ ausy smyN gurU nwnk swihb vI eyQy pu`jy sn (audoN 7 jUn 1510 dy idn purI dI rQ Xwqrw hoeI sI) qy dohW ivc kuJ idn mulwkwq vI huMdI rhI sI jdoN gurU nwnk swihb au~Qy p`ujy qW kuJ lok QwlI ivc dIvy jgw ky ivSƒ dI AwrqI „auqwr‟ rhy sn[ (ieh AwrqI Aj dI ihMdU AwrqI „hrI Em jY jgdIS hry…‟ vwlI nhIN sI, joo ik au~nIvIN sdI ivc i&lOr dy SrDw rwm ny ilKI sI)[ gurU nwnk swihb vI aus pwsy vl gey[ gurU swihb aunHW vl vyKdy rhy[ jdoN ihMdU AwrqI qoN ivhly hoey qW aunHW ny gurU swihb ƒ pu`iCAw ik “qusIN AwrqI ivc Swiml ikauN nhIN hoey?” gurU swihb ny jvwb idqw ik “mYN ivSƒ dI nhIN blik isr& vwihgurU dI pUjw krdw hW qy vwihgurU dI pUjw vwsqy ienHW dIivAW dI zrUrq nhIN[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik “swrw Awsmwn r`b dI pUjw vwsqy iek QwlI hY Aqy sUrj qy cMn QwlI ivc jgmgWdyhoey dIvy hn[ Awsmwn ivc itmitmwauNdy hoeyqwry, pUjw dI QwlI ivcpey hoeyhIry-moqI hn[ m`lyA phwVW ivco AwauNdI iBMnI^uSbU (pUjw dI QwlI dI) DUp hY Aqy vgdI hvw, vwihgurU dI AwrqI vwsqy cOr kr rhI hY[” gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik “vwihgurU dI pYdw kIqI swrI kwienwq, vwihgurU dI AwrqI hI qW kr rhI hY[ vwihgurU ƒ QwlI dy dIivAW dI zrUrq nhIN[ swƒ AwrqI dI bjwie, s`cI izMdgI jIA ky, vwihgurU dw nW jpx dI loV hY[” gurU swihb ny AwrqI dI rsm ƒ iek Sbd ivc r`d kIqw sI, auh Sbd DnwsrI rwg ivc hY Aqy gurU grMQ swihb dy s&w 663 qy drj hY (kuJ lokW dw ivcwr hY ik gurU jI ny ieh Sbd purI ivc iliKAw sI):

ggn mY Qwlu, riv cMdu dIpk bny, qwirkw mMfl jnk moqI] DUpu mlAwnlo, pvxu cvro kry, sgl bnrwie PUlµq joqI] kYsI AwrqI hoie! Bv KMfnw qyrI AwrqI] Anhqw sbd vwjMq ByrI] shs qv nYn, nn nYn hih qoih kau, shs mUriq, nnw eyk quohI] shs pd ibml, nn eyk pd, gMD ibnu, shs qv gMD, iev clq mohI] sB mih joiq, joiq hY soie] iqs dY cwnix, sB mih cwnxu hoie] gur swKI, joiq prgtu hoie] jo iqsu BwvY, su AwrqI hoie] hir crx kvl mkrMd loiBq, mno Anidnuo moih AwhI ipAwsw] ik®pw jlu dyih, nwnk swirMg kau, hoie jw qy qyrY nwie vwsw]

jgnnwQ ivc gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc do AsQwn sn: 1. iek mMgU m`T ivc (jo kwbz audwsI pujwrIAW ny 1984 ivc, myrT dy gurduAwry vWg ,sRIcMd dw mMdr bxw ilAw sI (hwlWik sRIcMd kdy ies qr& AwieAw hI nhIN sI)[ ieh auh QW hY ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny AwrqI dw KMfn kIqw sI 2. dUjw bwaulI swihb: ies ‟qy vI audwsIAW dw kbzw hY Aqy ie`Qy pujwrIAW ny „audwsIn sMprdw bwvlI m`T‟ dw borf lw id`qw hY Aqy ie`Qy is`KW dy vVn ‟qy pwbMdI lweI hoeI sI, (pr, crcw cl irhw hY hux auh ieh AsQwn is`KW nUM dyxw mMn gey hn)[ ies QW ‟qy iek purwxI bwaulI A`j vI mOjUd hY[ gurU nwnk swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw ies QW ‟qy Tihry sn[ kuJ swl pihlW Sihr dy bwhrvwr, smuMdr dy kMFy ‟qy iksy swD ny Awpxw injI fyrw bxw ilAw hY ijs ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS vI kIqw hoieAw hY.

jgnnwQ dw mMdr (purwxI qsvIr):

jgnnwQ dw mMdr (nvIN qsvIr)

jgnnwQ dw mMdr (rQ Xwqrw dw idRS)

mMgU m`T

bwaulI swihb dw Asl QW (ij`Qy gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS sI; ies lyKk ny ^ud AkqUbr 2006 ivc aus bIV qoN pwT kIqw sI)

pRwcIn bwaulI (qsvIr AqUbr 2006)

bwaulI swihb dw muK dr, ijs ‟qy pujwrIAW ny „audwsIn sMpRdw bwvlI m`T‟ dw borf lw id`qw hY

bwaulI swihb dw pujwrI ijs ny is`KW dy vVn ‟qy pwbMdI lweI hoeI sI (qsvIr mwrc 2013):

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

jgwDrI

hirAwxw dy izlHw jmnw ngr dy nwl lgdw iek ngr (kpwl mocn qoN 20, AMbwlw qoN 27, cMfIgVH qoN qkrIbn 110 iklomItr dUr), jo jmnw ngr qoN bhuq purwxw hY[ 27 AkqUbr 1688 dy idn pwaUNtw swihb qoN c`k nwnkI jWdy hoey, iek rwq kpwl mocn ivc pVwA krn mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI eyQy vI ruky sn[purwxy jgwDrI ngr ivc hnUmwn drvwzy dy AMdr vwly ielwky ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihlW ies dI iemwrq CotI sI, pr hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY.

jgwDrI gurduAwrw dI purwxI iemwrq

jgwDrI gurduAwrw dI nvIN iemwrq

 

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

GuVwm

GuVwm (pitAwlw qoN qkrIbn 28 iklomItr dUr) pMjwb dw iek pRwcIn ngr sI[ kdy ie`Qy sulqwn kuqbdIn AYbk dI rwjDwnI huMdI sI[ ies dw iklHw bVI AhmIAq rKdw sI[ ieh iklHw muhMmd ZOrI dy vyly qoN hI v`fIAW isAwsI srgrmIAW dw kyNdr irhw sI[ ikauNik bMdw isMG cwhMudw sI ik srhMd ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW ies dy Awly-duAwly dy swry ikilHAW ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy, ies kr ky is`K &OjW vwsqy ieh iklHw ij`qxw vI zrUrI sI[ nvMbr 1709 ivc smwxw ij`qx qoN mgroN bMdw isMG bhwdur ny ies ’qy vI hmlw kIqw[ jd is`K &OjW ny GuVwm ’qy hmlw kIqw qW ie`QoN dy &Ojdwr ny ft ky mukwblw kIqw[ ies Gmswx dy jMg ivc is`K qy muslmwn dohW &OjW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw pr A^Ir ij`q is`KW dI hI hoeI Aqy iklHw, GoVy, hiQAwr Aqy ^zwnw is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw[ (hux GuVwm dy iklHy dIAW kuJ kU inSwnIAW hI bcIAW hn)[ ies ngr ivc mShUr pIr BIKx Swh (jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw swidk sI) keI swl rihMdw irhw sI[ aus dw mkbrw ipMf ivc bixAw hoieAw hY.

GuVwm ivc BIKx Swh dw mkbrw

GuVwm iklHy dIAW bcIAW-KucIAW kuJ inSwnIAW

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)

Gu`kyvwlI

AµimRqsr izlHw dI hrsw CInw qihsIl ivc AµimRqsr qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf (hrsw CInw qoN rwjwsWsI – &qihgVH cUVIAW mwrg ’qy, sihMsrw qoN 2 qkrIbn iklomItr dUr)[ ie`Qy gurU Arjn swihb sMn 1585 ivc Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb sMn 1664 ivc gey sn[ gurduAwry ivc l`gy iek borf muqwibk gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy keI mhIny rhy sn, jo shI nhIN hY; gurU jI isr& iek-A`D idn rhy sn[ dohW gurUAW dI Xwd ivc ipµf Gu`kyvwlI qy sihMsrw ipMfW dy ivckwr gurduAwrw ‘gurU dw bwg’ bixAw hoieAw hY (ies dy nwl iek v`fw bwZ vI hY)[ kdy ies gurduAwry nUM ‘gurU dI rOV’ vI kihMdy sn (ies roVW vwlI DrqI ivc mgroN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny lokW nUM pRyrxw dy ky iek bwZ luAw id`qw sI)[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy hor is`K srdwrW ny ies gurduAwry nwl kw&I zmIn lweI hoeI sI jo AµgryzW ny hVp vI kr leI sI.

hor vyKo: gurU dw bwZ morcw.

(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)