Archives: Gurdwaras and Cities Punjabi

bu`Fw jOhV gurduAwrw

 

rwijsQwn ivc gMgwngr izlHw dI rwey isMG qihsIl ivc, (pdmpur-jYqsr mwrg ’qy) ipMf dwblw ivc ieh iek ieiqhwsk gurduAwrw hY[ ieh gMgwngr qoN 85, hnUmwngVH qoN 95 Aqy rwey isMG ngr qoN 30 iklomItr dUr hY[ kdy ies ryigsqwn ivc ies QW ’qy iek purwxw jOhV (v`fI Fwb) hoieAw krdw sI (purwxy jOhV nUM bu`Fw jOhV ikhw krdy sn)[ luk ky rihx smyN ies pwxI dI shUlq dy kwrn hI is`KW ny ieh QW cuxI hoeI sI[ sMn 1740 ivc su`Kw isMG Aqy mihqwb isMG ie`QoN hI gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) gey sn Aqy drbwr swihb dI byhrumqI kr rhy m`sw rMGV dw isr v`F ky ilAWdw sI[

     kdy bu`Fw jOhV gurduAwrw iek in`kI ijhI iemwrq sI[ 1950ivAW ivc ie`Qy iek bhuq v`fI iemwrq bxw id`qI geI sI[ hux ies ivc bhuq vwDw kIqw jw cukw hY[ nvI ivSwl iemwrq dy 22 KMBy hn[ ies dy nwl iek qlwA (srovr) vI bxw id`qw igAw hY[ ies dy nwl iek srW vI hY ijs ivc 140 kmry hn[

     ie`Qy iek purwxw jMf vI sI (jo sMn 2000 ivc ifg ipAw sI); ikhw jWdw hY ik su`Kw isMG mihqwb isMG ny 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn drbwr swihb ivc m`sw rMGV dw isr v`F ky ie`Qy pu`jx mgroN Awpxy GoVy ies jMf nwl bMnHy sn[ ie`Qy iek is`K imSnrI kwlj vI cldw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy iek lwiebryrI vI hY ijs ivc bhuq swrIAW ieiqhwsk qsvIrW l`gIAW hoeIAW hn.

 

purwxy jMf dw sMBwl ky r`iKAw hoieAw qxw

 

bu`Fw jOhV ivc ieiqhws dsx vwlw borf

 

bu`cykI

 p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw nwnkwxw swihb ivc iek ipMf (nwnkwxw qoN 15 iklomItr dUr) ijs ivc gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf hox mgroN is`KW nUM p`CmI pMjwb C`f ky Awauxw ipAw sI, ijs kr ky mhwjrW ny ies gurduAwry  dI iemwrq ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hux au~Qy keI lokW ny GrW bxwey hoey hn.

bRhmbUtw AKwVw

 mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy smyN audwsIAW ny drbwr swihb dy duAwly Awpxy fyry Aqy AKwVy kwiem kr ley sn; aunHW ivcoN iek fyrw bRhm dws dw sI (bRhm dws pRIqm dws audwsI dw cylw sI, ijs ny drbwr swihb vwsqy hMslI bxweI sI)[ ieh AKwVw sMn 1824 ivc bixAw sI[ ies AKwVy ivc iek bVw v`fw bohV dw dr^q sI; ies kr ky ies dw nW bRhmbUtw cl ipAw sI[ ieh AKwVw rwmgVHIAw buMgw dy iblkul nwl lgvW hY.

ibMdrwbn/ibMdRwbn/ivRMdRwbn

 

(pRwikRq ibMdrwvx): au~qr pRdyS ivc jmnw ndI dy kMFy ’qy (mQurw qoN 11 iklomItr dUr) iek ngr jo, imQhws muqæwibkæ,  kydwr dI DI ivRMdw (ibRMdw, ibMdRw) ny ies QW ’qy qp kIqw sI[ pRwikRq ikqwbW ivc ies nUM ‘iek ivSnU qIrQ’ iliKAw imldw hY (ies muqæwibkæ ikRSn dw ies nwl sbMD mhWBwrq ilKy jwx qoN bwAd bixAw sI)[ drAsl, ies ielwky ivc kdy ivRMdw (qulsI) dy bhuq dr^q hoieAw krdy sI iesy kr ky ies nUM ‘ivRMdw dw jMgl’ (ivRMdwbn) kihMdy sn[ imQhwsk rwjw qy ihMdUAW dy dyvqw ikRSn ny Awpxw bcpn qy jvwnI iesy jgh ibqweI sI[ aus ny ApxI mihbUbw rwDw nwl rws-lIlw iesy ielwky ivc rcweIAW sn[ iskMdr loDI vyly pMdrvIN sdI ivc ieh ngr Qyh bx cukw sI[ sMn 1515-16 ivc eyQy cyqMnX mhWpRBU AwieAw sI Aqy aus ny ie`Qy dobwrw rOxk SurU kIqI sI[ivRMdwvn ivc ikRSn nwl sbMDq do mMdr hn: jnm AsQwn qy pRym mMidr[ ivRMdwvn dw iek hor mMidr ‘mdn mohn mMidr’, AidqXw it`lw nW dI 50 Put aucI phwVI ’qy sMn 1580 ivc bixAw sI; ies nUM iek pMjwbI KqrI vpwrI ny bxvwieAw sI[

 

pRym mMidr

 

 mdn mohn mMidr

 

 

ies ngr ivc gurU nwnk swihb vI gey sn[ auh AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn vwpsI smyN sMn 1511 ies ngr ivc vI ruky sn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU goibMd isMG vI Awpxy iek s&r dOrwn ies ngr ivc ruk ky gey sn[ ivRMdwvn ivc vI gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ‘gurU nwnk tIlw’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ sMn 2005 qk ieh gurduAwrw, iek it`ly auqy, pRwcIn iemwrq ivc sI[ pr, ies mgroN hrbMs isMG kwr syvw vwly ny aus qvwrI^I iemwrq nUM Fwh ky aus kImqI ^zwny nUM ^qm kr id`qw sI Aqy sMgmrmr dI byjwn iemwrq KVHI kr id`qI sI.

     gurU gRMQ swihb ivc ies ngr dw hvwlw AwieAw hY: ibMdRwbn mn hrn mnohr, ik®sn crwvq gwaU ry (338), juj mih joir ClI cMdRwvil kwn@ ik®snu jwdmu BieAw] pwrjwqu gopI lY AwieAw ibMdRwbn mih rMgu kIAw] (470), Din Din bnKMf ibMdRwbnw (988).

 

gurduAwrw gurU nwnk tIlw  ibMdrwbn

iblgw

 

izlHw jlMDr dI nUrmihl qihsIl dw iek ipMf (nUrmihl qoN 4, i&lOr qoN 13 iklomItr dUr)[ jdoN gurU Arjn swihb AwpxI pihlI SwdI vwsqy c`k-gurU (hux AMimRqsr) qoN maU (mO) ipMf (jo iblgw qoN 6 iklomItr A`gy hY) gey sn qW 25 mwrc 1565 dy idn auh kuJ icr ies QW ruky sn[ ie`Qy gurU jI ny iesnwn kr ky kpVy bdly sn Aqy A`gy maU nUM gey sn (gurU jI dw ivAwh pihlI ivswK sMmq 1622 ibkrmI, 27 mwrc 1565, dy idn maU ivc hoieAw sI)[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek mMjI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI jo hux iek v`fw gurduAwrw ipplI swihb bx cukw hY[ gurduAwry ivc lgy borf au~qy id`qI qwrI^ Zlq hY[ ieh qwrI^  gurU Arjn swihb dI dUjI SwdI dI hY jo lwhOr ivc mwqw gMgw nwl hoeI sI.

 

gurduAwrw ipplI swihb iblgw hvweI idRS

 

gurduAwrw ipplI swihb iblgw nyVy dw idRS

iblwspur

 

Bwrq ivc iblwspur nW dy ngr jW ipMf bhuq hn, pr sB qoN vD mShUr ihmWcl sUby dy mMfI izlHy dw ngr, purwxI kihlUr irAwsq dI rwjDwnI hY[ ieh kIrqpur qoN qkrIbn 60 iklomItr dUr hY[ ies ivc iek bhuq v`fw mihl Aqy keI pRwcIn mMdr sn (jdoN JIl dw pwxI Gt jWdw hY qW aunHW dIAW inSwnIAW nzr Aw jWdIAW hn)[ purwxw iblwspur (jo sMn 1962 qk mOjUd sI) hux goibMd swgr JIl ivc smw cukw hY; hux vwlw iblwspur mgroN vswieAw igAw sI[

     ie`QoN dw rwjw kilAwx cMd Aqy aus dw pu`qr kuMvr qwrw cMd nUM  jhWgIr ny lMmI  kæYd  dI szw suxw ky gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc bMd kIqw hoieAw sI[ 26 AkqUbr 1619 dy idn gurU hirgobMd isMG jI dIAW koiSSW nwl aus nUM irhweI imlI sI[ ies mgroN ieh irAwsq is`KW dI v&wdwr Aqy syvwdwr rhI sI[ kIrqpur (sMn 1626), c`k nwnkI (sMn 1665) Aqy AnMdpur swihb (sMn 1689) iesy irAwsq dI zmIn ’qy vswey gey sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI (sMn 1665 Aqy 1672 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI (bcpn ivc sMn 1672 ivc Aqy iPr sMn 1689, 1691 qy 1692) ies ngr ivc jw cuky sn[ sMn 1692 ivc BIm cMd dI mOq qoN bwAd aus dw pu`qr rwjw Ajmyr cMd is`KW dy bhuq i^lw& ho igAw sI[ sMn 1696 ivc qW auh muZlW dw swQI bx igAw sI[ aus ny sMn 1700 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI au~qy 7 vwr (20 Agsq qoN 1 sqMbr qIk Aqy 8 AkqUbr qoN 13 AkqUbr qIk) hmly kIqy sn[ iblwspur dI &Oj ny A^Ir meI 1705 ivc AnMdpur nUM Gyrw pw ilAw sI ijs kwrn is`KW ny 5 qy 6 dsMbr 1705 dI A`DI rwq nUM AnMdpur ^wlI kr id`qw sI[ 20 nvMbr 1710 dy idn bMdw isMG bhwdur ny Ajmyr cMd nUM szw dyx vwsqy iblwspur ’qy hmlw kIqw sI, pr bhuq swrI &Oj mrvwaux mgroN aus ny bMdw isMG dI ADInqw kbUl kr leI sI[ bMdw isMG dI ShIdI mgroN Ajmyr cMd iPr muZlW dw v&wdwr bx igAw sI[ A^Ir mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ie`QoN dy rwjy nUM Awpxy ADIn kr ilAw sI[ kdy ies ngr ivc rwjy dy mihl ivc iek gurduAwrw huMdw sI, pr sMn 1849 ivc is`K rwj ^qm hox mgroN ies ny gurduAwrw bMd kr id`qw sI[ iblwspur dw hux vwlw gurduAwrw bu`Fw swihb nvyN ngr ivc bxwieAw igAw hY.

purwxy iblwspur ngr dw iek idRS

purwxy iblwspur dw rMg mihl
(jo goibMd swgr ivc smw cukw hY)
{qsvIr ‘d itRibaUn. cMfIgVH 15 julweI 2006}

rMg mihl jo goibMd swgr ivc smw cukw hY

purwxy iblwspur ivc pRwcIn mMdr 

nvyN iblwspur Aqy goibMd swgr dw hvweI idRS 

purwxy iblwspur ivc gurduAwrw mihlW qoN bwhr

nvyN iblwspur ivc Ax-ieiqhwsk gurduAwrw

 

bIkwnyr qy bIkw jI

 bIkwnyr  hux rwjpuqwnw (rwjsQwn) sUby dw iek ngr hY (jYpur qoN 330 iklomItr dUr)[ ies nUM sMn 1488 ivc rwTOr rwjpUq Sihzwdy rwE bIkwjI (pu`qr rwE joDw, rwjw joDpur) ny vswieAw sI[ bIkwjI ny ipqw qoN v`K ho ky nvIN bIkwnyr irAwsq kwiem kIqI sI[ ies ngr dw pihlw nW bIkwmyru sI, iPr ies dw nW irAwsq dy nW ’qy bIknyr hI cl ipAw sI[ rwE bIkwjI ny sB qoN pihlW ies QW ’qy  sMn 1478 ivc iek iklHw bxwieAw sI (jo hux KMfr bx cukw hY)[ ies qoN ds swl mgroN sMn 1488 ivc ieh ngr vsxw SurU igAw sI[ qkrIbn 100 swl mgroN iek nvW iklHw ‘jUnwgVH’ sMn 1594 ivc bxwieAw igAw sI[ bIkwnyr ivc do v`fy mihl vI bxy hoey hn: jgnyr pYls Aqy lkSmI invws mihl , jo mhwrwjw gMgw isMh (hkUmq sMn 1887-1943) ny bxwey sn[

     ies ngr ivc gurU nwnk swihb do vwr gey sn[ bIkwnyr ivc gurU jI ijs jgh ruky sn au~Qy iek in`kw ijhw sq nwrwiex mMdr hY (ies nUM AroVbMs dw mMdr vI ikhw jWdw hY)[ ies mMdr dy AMdr gurU jI dy bYTx dI jgh ’qy, aunHW dy nW ’qy iek QVHw bixAw hoieAw hY; ies nUM gurU jI dI ‘CqrI’ (Xwdgwr) vI kihMdy hn[ ies ’qy iek in`kw ijhw inSwn swihb vI l`gw hoieAw hY Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp vI mOjUd hY[ gurU nwnk purb ’qy bIkwnyr dy is`K iek ngr kIrqn k`Fdy hn jo ieQy jw ky ^qm huMdw hY[ auN\ bIkwnyr ivc mhwrwjw gMgw isMh v`loN Sihr ivc id`qI hoeI QW ’qy iek v`fw gurduAwrw vI bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI nINh sMn 1924 ivc r`KI geI sI[ ies ivc XwqrUAW vwsqy iek srW vI bxI hoeI hY[

bIkwnyr dw hvweI idRS (iklHw nzr Aw irhw hY)

lkSmI invws mihl

bIkwnyr ivc gurU nwnk swihb dy nwl sbMDq khI jWdI QW (muK drvwzw qy AMdrUnI idRS)

siqAwnwrwiex mMdr dy AMdr ‘gurU nwnk CqrI’

 

 

ibdr ngr

 ibdr (hYdrwbwd qoN qkrIbn 145 qy nMdyV qoN 160 iklomItr dUr) krnwtk dw iek bhuq mShUr Sihr hY[ solHvIN sdI ivc ieh muslmwnW dw iek Aihm ngr sI[ ie`Qy sMn 1471-72 ivc iek mdr`sw kwiem kIqw igAw sI[ au~nIvIN sdI qk ibdr ivc koeI is`K nhIN sI rihMdw, pr mukwmI muslmwnW ny gurU  nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek QVHw bxw ky aunHW dI Xwdgwr kwiem r`KI hoeI sI[ sMn 1948 qk ieh QW muslmwnW dy kbzy ivc rhI sI[ 20 nvMbr 1950 dy idn Adwlq ny ies QW nUM gurduAwrw mMn ky ies dw kbzw is`KW nUM idvw id`qw sI[ ies mgroN ie`Qy gurduAwrw bxnw SurU hoieAw sI[ sMn 1966 ivc ie`Qy iek v`fI iemwrq bx cukI sI[ aus mgroN vI bhuq vwDy huMdy rhy sn Aqy hux qW ieh ie`Qy iek bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY[

     Jbwl dI mweI Bwg kOr (Bwgo), jo sMn 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl qlvMfI swbo qoN cl ky nMdyV pu`jI sI, ny ies ngr ivc bhuq swl k`ty sn; ies kr ky aus dI Xwd ivc vI nwl dy ipMf jnvwVw ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ pMj ipAwirAW ivcoN iek ipAwrw swihb isMG ies ngr dw sI[ aus dw Gr qW nweIAW dy muh`ly ivc sI, pr hux kuJ is`KW ny ngr dy bwhr iek jgHw lY ky gurduAwrw bxw id`qw hY[ ie`Qy is`KW ny iek ieMjnIAirMg kwlj vI bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ sMn 1988 ivc 12-13 sqMbr dy idn ihMdUAW dI iek BIV ny kwlj ’qy hmlw kr ky 7 is`KW nUM mwr id`qw sI Aqy 70 dy krIb is`KW nUM z^mI kr id`qw sI.

     gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn sMn 1511 ivc ie`Qy Awey sn[ aunHW idnW ivc ibdr dy bwhrvwr do muslmwn PkIr, sXd XwkUb AlI Aqy jlwludIn, rihMdy sn[ gurU nwnk swihb nwl aunHW ny Drm crcw kIqI sI[ Aj vI aunHW dohW muslmwn PkIrW dIAW kbrW au~Qy bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ ieh kbrW gurduAwrw “nwnk JIrw” dy iblkul nyVy hn[ ieQy nyVy hI iek cSmw vgdw hY ijs dw nW ‘nwnk JIrw’ hY[

     ie`Qy prclq iek krwmwqI khwxI muqæwibkæ PkIr jlwlu`dIn ny gurU swihb nUM disAw ik ies ielwky ivc pwxI dI Gwt hY[ ies ’qy gurU swihb ny iek cSmw l`iBAw sI qy pwxI dw mslw hl kIqw sI[ aus cSmy dw nW ‘nwnk JIrw’ jwixAw jwx lg ipAw[ s`c ieh hY ik ieh cSmw gurU swihb qoN bhuq  pihlW hI mOjUd sI qy gurU swihb dy ies cSmy kol bYTx dI Xwd ivc lok ies nUM ‘nwnk JIrw cSmw’ AwKx lg pey sn[ ibdr ivc bhmxI sulqwnW dy vyly dw iek bhu`q v`fw iklHw A`j vI mOjUd hY[ ies iklHy dI kMD 6 iklomItr lMmI hY.

ibdr dw iklHw

gurduAwrw nwnk JIrw (dUr qoN idRS)

gurduAwrw nwnk JIrw (nyVy dw idRS)

gurU nwnk swihb dy nW vwlw cSmw

sXd XwkUb AlI qy jlwludIn dy mzwr

mweI Bwgo dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

swihb isMG ipAwrw dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw

bIbIpur Kurd

 

pitAwlw izlHw qy qihsIl dw iek in`kw ijhw ipMf (pitAwlw qoN 15 Aqy GuVwm qoN 8 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iek vwr AwpxI mwlvw PyrI smyN ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI  nOvIN bixAw hoieAw hY.

ibBOr swihb

izlHw ropV dI qihsIl nMgl ivc, (nMgl Sihr qoN 5 iklomItr dUr), nXw nMgl ksby dy kol, sqluj dirAw dy kMFy ’qy iek ipMf (srkwrI  kwZzW ivc ies ipMf dw nW BBOr swihb hY)[ sMn 1700 ivc ieh bswlI dy rwjw slwhI cMd dI irAwsq dw ih`sw sI[ ieh kihlUr Aqy bswlI irAwsq dI h`d sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies QW ’qy AkqUbr 1700 dy Aw^rI idnW ivc bswlI qoN AnMdpur jWdy hoey ruky sn[ mgroN iksy ny ieh khwxI GV leI ik gurU jI ny ‘cirqropwKXwn’ vwlI kivqw ‘kbXovwc bynqI cOpeI’ ies QW ’qy bYT ky ilKI sI (hwlW ik ieh kivqw gurU jI dI ilKI hoeI nhIN)[ iksy vyly ies QW ’qy iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI; hux ie`Qy bhuq v`fI iemwrq bxweI jw cukI hY[ ies dy  nwl bhuq v`fI srW Aqy bhuq v`fw Aqy KulHw ivhVw vI hY[ gurduAwry dy nwl hI sqluj dirAw vihMdw hox kr ky bhuq ^UbsUrq nzwrw bxdw hY.

gurduAwry dI muK iemwrq dw nyVy dw idRS

byr swihb 

kuJ gurduAwirAW dw nW byr swihb ies kr ky pY igAw sI ikauNik gurU jI iksy ipMf jW ngr ivc, ijs QW ruky sn au~Qy byr dw dr^q sI[ ies nW dy cwr gurduAwry hn: 1. sulqwnpur (vyKo: sulqwnpur).  2. isAwlkot (vyKo: isAwlkot) 3. isAwlkot dy nyVy ipMf swhovwlw (iek lyKk ny ZlqI nwl swhovwlw dw nW swhovwl ilK id`qw hY), (vyKo: swhovwlw)  4. iKAwlw klW (izlHw mwnsw). (vyKo: iKAwlw klW).

byrIAW (drbwr swihb) 

drbwr swihb dI pirkrmw ivc byrI dy iqMn dr^q sn: 1. gurU rwmdws srW v`loN AwauNidAW s`jy h`Q iek byrI, ijs nUM inrmly pujwrIAW ny ‘duK BMjnI byr’ nW dy id`qw sI qW jo lok ie`Qy m`Qw tykx Aqy pujwrIAW nUM cVHwvw imldw rhy  2. GMtw Gr dIAW pOVIAW auqridAW s`jy h`Q iek byr, ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik bwbw bu`Fw ies byrI hyTW bYT ky AMimRqsr (srovr) dI putweI dI syvw dI ingrwnI kirAw krdy sI (kuJ bysmJ lok ies byrI nUM vI m`Qw tyk dyNdy hn) 3. drSnI ifauFI dy drvwzy sy s`jy pwsy iek byrI hY ijs nUM lwcI dy Awkwr dy (Coty-Coty) byr lgdy hn (11 Agsq 1740 dy idn jdoN su`Kw isMG mihqwb isMG ny drbwr swihb dy AMdr kukrm kr rhy m`sw rMGV dw isr v`iFAw sI qW aunHW ny Awpxy GoVy ies byrI nwl bMnHy sn[ ieh byrIAW purwxy smyN dIAW hn; pr ieh ikhw nhIN jw skdw ik ieh audoN dIAW kwiem hn ik aunHW dy bIjW (igtkW) qoN au~gIAW hoeIAW nvIAW byrIAW hn.

 

byrI swihb 

kuJ gurduAwirAW dw nW ‘byrI swihb’ ies kr ky pY igAw sI ikauNik gurU jI iksy ipMf jW ngr ivc, ijs QW ruky sn au~Qy byrI sI[ ies nW dy do gurduAwry hn: 1. lwhOr izlHy ivc brkI dy nyVy Krk ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw hoieAw sI[ hux aus dw nW inSwn vI mOjUd nhIN hY  2. sIloAwxw/ sIloAwxI (izlHw luiDAwxw) ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw (srkwrI kwZzW ivc ipMf dw nW sIloAwxI hY). (vyKo: sIloAwxw/ sIloAwxI). hor vyKo: byr swihb.

 

bMgwl

 bMgwl (ijs ivc bMglw dyS, Xwin pUrbI bMgwl Aqy p`CmI bMgwl dovyN Swiml hn) pRwcIn siBAqw dw ielwkw hY[ ie`QoN dI KudweI ivc 20 hzwr swl purwxI siBAqw dy icMnH imly hn[ sWJy bMgwl ’qy mOrIAw, gupq, vrmn, SSMk, cMdr, pwl, syn, dyv vMS dyrwjy rwj krdy rhy sn[ sMn 1204 ivc ies ’qy KljI dw kbzw ho igAw sI; iPr blbn qy quZlk hwkm rhy sn[ Akbr vyly ieh sUbw muZlW nUM kr dyx lg ipAw sI pr ies ’qy nvwbW dI hkUmq rhI sI[  ivdySIAW ivcoN sB qoN pihlW purqgwlIAW ny sMn 1534 ivc ictwgWg ivc rihxw SurU kIqw sI[ sMn 1666 ivc ictwgWg  ’qy muZlW ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMNn 1757 ivc plwsI dI lVweI ivc nvwb srwjudOlw dI hwr mgroN ie`Qy AMgryzW dw rwj kwiem ho igAw sI[ sMn 1779 dy kwl ny bMgwl dw bhuq nukswn kIqw sI[ ies dOr ivc iek kroV bMdy mr gey sn[

     sMn 1905 ivc AMgRyzW ny bMgwl qy Aswm nUM iek sUbw bxw id`qw sI; pr, 1909 ivc Aswm nUM Alg sUbw bxw id`qw igAw sI[musilm lIg sMn 1906 ivc (Awl ieMfIAw muhMmd AYjUkySn kwn&rMs ivc) Fwkw ivc hI bxI sI[

     sWJw bMgwl is`K Drm dy prcwr dw Aihm kyNdr irhw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ny bMgwl dy bhuq swry ielwky dw dOrw kIqw sI Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI ies ielwky ivc bhuq jgHw gey sn[ Fwkw, ictwgWg, islht, kolkwqw Aqy sWJy bMgwl dy hor bhuq swrIAW QWvW ’qy gurduAwry bxy hoey sn[ pUrbI bMgwl, jo sMn 1947 ivc pUrbI pwisqwn bx igAw sI Aqy sMn 1971 ivc bMglw dyS bx igAw hY, ivc sMn 1947 qoN mgroN bhuq swry gurduAwry Fwh id`qy gey sn Aqy aunHW dIAW zmInW ’qy nwjwiez kbzy kr ley gey sn[ hux Fwkw Aqy ictwgWg gurduAwry hI bcy hn. vyKo: bMgwl, bMglw dyS, Fwkw, ictwgWg, islht; klk`qw (kolkqw), mwldw.

 

bhlolpur

 

izlHw luiDAwxw dI mwCIvwVw qihsIl ivc mwCIvwVw qoN 11 qy luiDAwxw qoN 49 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ bhlol lodI qy skMdr lodI vyly ieh iek Aihm ngr huMdw sI[ audoN sqluj dirAw iblwspur qoN cl ky Anµdpur, kIrqpur, rUpV (hux ropV), mwCIvwVw, ies bihlolpur ’coN lµG ky sunyq (hux luiDAwxw) dy nyiVEN lMG ky hrIky v`l jWdw sI (1750 mgroN dirAw dw ru^ bdl igAw sI Aqy ieh i&lOr kol vgx lg ipAw sI)[ bihlolpur ipMf dy  bwhrvwr sqwrHvIN sdI dy do mkbry A`j vI kwiem hn[ ienHW nUM ausqwd qy Swigrd dy mkbry ikhw jWdw hY

ausqwd dw mkbrw

 

Swigrd dw mkbrw

bihVvwl/bihVvwl klW

 lwhOr-mulqwn mwrg, jMBr qy p`qokI dy ivckwr iek ipMf, ij`Qy iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb gey sn[ gurU jI jMBr qoN ies ipMf Awey sn Awey sn[ gurU jI dy ies ipMf nwl  Awaux sbMDI do khwxIAW mShUr hn: iek qW gurU jI ny ies ipMf dy KUh dw kOVw pwxI im`Tw kIqw sI[ dUjw aunHW ny ipMf dy cODrI BweI hymw dw iek ivDvw nwl ivAwh kIqw sI[ ivDvw nwl ivAwh dI g`l mMxnXog ho skdI hY; kOVw pwxI im`Tw krn dI g`l kwlpink hY[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW keI gurUAW bwry GVIAW hoeIAW imldIAW hn[ kdy bihrvwl ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ieh gurduAwrw aujwV ipAw hY; ies ivcoN kuJ ih`sy ’qy lokW ny kbzw kr ilAw hY Aqy kuJ ih`sw Qyh vrgI hwlq ivc hY.

 

bihbl klW

 izlHw &rIdkot dI jYqo qihsIl dw iek ipMf (&rIdkot-bwjw^wnw-biTMfw mwrg ’qy, &rIdkot qoN 26, jYqo qoN 8, kotkpUrw qoN 6, brgwVI klW qoN 4 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies ipMf ivc  26 dsMbr 1705 dy idn gey sn[ gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw it`bI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[

     pihlI jUn 2015 dy idn ipMf burj jvwhr isMG vwlw ivcoN gurU gRMQ swihb dw srUp corI hox Aqy 12 AkqUbr dy idn ies bIV dy 110 s&y brgwVI gurduAwry dy bwhr Klyry jwx dy i^lw& ros vjoN ho rhy SWqmeI iek`T ’qy 14 AkqUbr 2015 dy idn pRkwS isMG bwdl qy suKbIr bwdl  dy hukm hyT fI.jI.pI. sumyD sYxI Aqy AweI.jI. prmrwj aumrwnMgl (poqw jIvn isMG aumrwnMgl), AYs.AYs.pI.  crnjIq Srmw ny golIAW clw ky do is`K nOjvwnW ikRSn Bgvwn isMG qy gurjIq isMG (vwsI ipMf in`ky srwvW) nUM mwr id`qw sI Aqy drjnW is`KW nUM z^mI kr id`qw sI[ ies ikqwb dy Cpx qk ieh kys Adwlq ivc cl irhw sI.

gurduAwrw it`bI swihb

 

14 AkqUbr 2015 dy idn clweI golI ivc mwry gey gurjIq isMG qy ikRSn Bgvwn isMG

bihVvwl/bihVvwl klW

 

lwhOr-mulqwn mwrg, jMBr qy p`qokI dy ivckwr iek ipMf, ij`Qy iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb gey sn[ gurU jI jMBr qoN ies ipMf Awey sn Awey sn[ gurU jI dy ies ipMf nwl  Awaux sbMDI do khwxIAW mShUr hn: iek qW gurU jI ny ies ipMf dy KUh dw kOVw pwxI im`Tw kIqw sI[ dUjw aunHW ny ipMf dy cODrI BweI hymw dw iek ivDvw nwl ivAwh kIqw sI[ ivDvw nwl ivAwh dI g`l mMxnXog ho skdI hY; kOVw pwxI im`Tw krn dI g`l kwlpink hY[ ieho ijhIAW krwmwqI khwxIAW keI gurUAW bwry GVIAW hoeIAW imldIAW hn[ kdy bihrvwl ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 qoN mgroN ieh gurduAwrw aujwV ipAw hY; ies ivcoN kuJ ih`sy ’qy lokW ny kbzw kr ilAw hY Aqy kuJ ih`sw Qyh vrgI hwlq ivc hY.

 

bihr/ bihr j`C

 

pitAwlw-hirAwxw srh`d ’qy, G`gr (purwxw srsvqI) dirAw dy kMFy ’qy, izlHw pitAwlw dI qihsIl pwqVW dw iek ipMf (pwqVW qoN 27 Aqy smwxw qoN 40 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn Dmqwn qoN AwauNidAW ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ ipMf dy m`lw nW dy iek qrKwx ny gurU jI Aqy sMgqW dI qih idl qoN syvw kIqI  sI[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc pihlw gurduAwrw rwjw krm isMG pitAwlw ny sMn 1840 ivc bxwieAw sI[ mgroN aus dI QW ’qy v`fI iemwrq auswr id`qI geI sI[

     imQhws muqæwibkæ kOrv-pWfoAW dI jMg smyN cwry pwsy Xk@S qweInwq kIqy gey sn qW jo ijhVw mYdwn C`f ky B`jy aus nUM vwips mYdwn ivc D`k id`qw jwvy[ aunHW Xk@SW  ivcoN ‘vihr’ (v dw iek aucwrx b hox kr ky bihr) nW dw iek Xk@S ie`Qy ndI dy kMFy ’qy qweInwq kIqw igAw sI[ ieh ipMf aus dy nW ’qy v`isAw sI.

ibAws/ ibAwsw

 

`sMsikRq ivpwS@, ivpwSw; XUnwnI  hweIPYiss) 1. pMjwb dw iek dirAw [ieh dirAw DOlDwr phwVIAW dIAW d`KxI FlwnW  iv`coN rohqWg d`ry nyiVEN ibAws kuMf ’coN SurU ho ky kWgVw, huiSAwrpur, jlµDr qy kpUrQlw izilHAW ivcoN lµGdw hoieAw hrIky ipµf ivc sqluj ivc jw ifgdw hY[ mnwlI, ku`lU, BuMqr, mMfI, ndOx, qlvwVw, goieµdvwl ies dirAw dy kµiFAW ’qy vsy hoey Aihm ngr hn[ goieµdvwl iksy vyly lwhOr qy id`lI ivckwr muK p`qx sI qy swry lok (&OjW qy rwjy vI) ies QW qoN dirAw pwr kirAw krdy sn[ ies dirAw dI kul lMbweI 470 iklomItr hY  2. izlHw AMimRqsr dw iek ngr jo ibAws dirAw dy kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hox kr ky ibAws jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI.

bzurgvwl

 

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw gujrwq ivc (gujrwq qoN 10  qy lwlwmUsw qoN 17 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ie`Qy iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn; pr sweIkl XwqrU DMnw isMG cihl (jo ie`Qy pMcwieqI gurduAwry ivc 9 nvMbr 1933 dy idn irhw sI) muqæwibkæ jdoN gurU jI kSmIr qoN pMjwb nUM imVy sn qW auh bwrwmUlw, muz&rwbwd, nVwlI qy gujrwq qoN huMdy hoey vzIrwbwd Aqy au~QoN hw&zwbwd phuMcy sn[ gurU jI bzurgvwl nhIN ruky sn[ DMnw isMG muqæwibkæ ies ipMf dy iek bwvw pirvwr kol gurU hirgoibMd isMG jI dw iek ^q (hukmnwmw) sI jo gurU jI ny rjOVI dy ielwky dy iek ipMf dy bwbw q^qU nW dy iek  lubwxy is`K nUM id`qw sI[ mgroN bwbw q^qU dI AOlwd bzurgvwl  Aw vsI sI[ ies kr ky ieh prcwr ho igAw sI ik gurU hirgoibMd bzurrgvwl Awey sn (auN\ gurU jI dw auh ‘hukmnwmw’ vI ies ^wndwn ny AnMdpur dy soFIAW nUM dy id`qw sI Aqy aunHW qoN eInwm hwisl kr ilAw sI)[ ies ipMf ivc gurU jI dy nW dw koeI gurduAwrw nhIN sI, iek pMcwieqI gurduAwrw zrUr sI[ DMnw isMG muqæwibkæ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG kSmIr ’qy cVHweI krn jWidAW ies ipMf ivc zrUr ruikAw sI qy ipMf dw pMcwieqI gurduAwrw aus ny kSmIr dI ij`q dI ^uSI ivc bxvwieAw sI.

bwzIdpur

 izlHw &Irozpur dI Gl Kurd qihsIl ivc (&Irozpur qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc dInw kWgV qoN kotkpUrw jWdy ruky sn[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw jwmnI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[ iksy lyKk ny ZlqI nwl ies gurduAwry dw nW ‘iqqrsr’ilK id`qw sI, jo ik ipMf mYsr^wnw (qlvMfI swbo qoN qkrIbn 30 iklomItr dUr) dy iek gurduAwry dw nW hY.

 

bwvlI  

 

(sMsikRq vwiphæ, vwpI; pwlI vwpI; pRwikRq vwvI; ApBRMS vwiv, vwivau, vwlI) 1. bwaurI, bwaulI, pOVIAW vwlw KUh  2. cOrs KUh 3. qlwA  4.  C`pV, CpVI[ bhuq purwxy vyilAW qoN pwxI vwsqy KUh dy nwl-nwl bwaulIAW bxwaux dw irvwz vI irhw hY[ krnwtk, gujrwq, rwijsQwn, id`lI qy pMjwb ivc drjnW bwaulIAW dy hox dw pqw lgdw hY[ ieh bwaulIAW ipMfW ivc vI Aqy mihlW Aqy ikilHAW ivc vI bxweIAW jWdIAW sn[ keI bwaulIAW qW fUMGweI dy p`K qoN, bxqr dy p`K qoN Aqy sjwvt dy p`K qoN hYrwn kr dyx vwlIAW hn[ rwijsQwn Aqy id`lI ivc sMn 800 dy smyN qoN ATwrHvIN sdI qk dIAW ikMnIAW hI bwaulIAW A`j vI kwiem hn[ ienHW ivcoN sMn 800 qy 900 dy ivckwr bxI bMdIkUeI (rwijsQwn) ivc ‘cWd bwaulI’ dIAW 3500 pOVIAW hn[ ies qoN ielwvw id`lI ivc ‘Agrsyn dI bwaulI’ qy ‘rwjoN kI bwvlI’ (mihrolI) qy ‘KwrI bwvlI’  (ies dw pwxI Kwrw hox kr ky ies bwaulI nUMM iqAwg id`qw igAw sI) Awid; gujrwq ivc ptx ngr ivc ‘rwxI kI vwv’ qy ‘sUrjkuMf dI bwvlI’ Awid; rwijsQwn ivc joDpur ngr ivc ‘qUr jI kw bwaurI’; krnwtk ivc ‘lkuMdI bwvlI’ qy ‘puSkrx bwvlI’ kmwl dIAW bwvlIAW hn.

Agrsyn dI bwaulI (id`lI)

 

cWd bwaulI (rwijsQwn)

 

sUrjkuMf (gujrwq) bwaulI

 

hMpI puSkrxI bwaulI

 

rwxI kI vwv

pMjwb ivc gurU swihbwn ny pwxI dy msly nUM muK rK ky keI KUh Aqy bwaulIAW bxvweIAW sn; ienHW ivcoN goieMdvwl, f`lw (kpUrQlw), kIrqpur, AnMdpur, gurU-dw-lwhOr, FkOlI Aqy keI hor bwaulIAW A`j vI kwiem hn. vyKo: goieMdvwl, f`lw, kIrqpur, AnMdpur, FkOlI.

biTMfw

 pMjwb dw iek pRwcIn ngr (BU`co qoN 15 Aqy rwmpurw PUl qoN 30 iklomItr dUr)[ sMn 1211 dI ikqwb hmI-aul-ihkwXq muqæwibkæ ies dw pihlw nW ‘qMvrihMD’ sI Aqy iPr jYslmyr dy rwjw B`tI rwE dy kbzy ivc hox kr ky BitMfw jwixAw jWdw sI (aus ny ies iklHy dw nW ivkrmgVH r`iKAw sI)[ ies iklHy dIAW kMDW 118 Pu`t aucIAW hn[ ies ngr ivcly iklHy bwry vI v`K-v`K rwvW hn[ iek ivcwr muqæwibkæ ieh iklHw dUjI sdI ivc kinSk rwjy ny bxwieAw sI[ sMn 1004 ivc ieh mihmUd ZznvI Aqy 1189 ivc muhMmd ZOrI dy kbzy ivc Aw cukw sI[ 

sMn 1236 ivc Zulwm vMS dI rwxI rzIAw sulqwnw q^q ’qy bYTI sI[ sMn 1239 ivc biTµfw dy iklHydwr ieKiqAwr-aud-dIn AlqUnIAw ny rzIAw dy i^lw& bZwvq kr idqI sI[ ies ’qy rzIAw ny &Oj lY ky biTµfy ’qy hmlw kr idqw sI[ 10 AprYl 1239 nUM hoeI ies lVweI ivc rzIAw dw AwSk XwkUq mwirAw igAw sI qy auh biTMfy dy iklHy ivc kYd ho geI sI[ hux rzIAw ny mjbUr ho ky biTµfw dy iklHydwr AlqUnIAw nwl SwdI kr leI sI[ auDr 21 AprYl 1240 dy idn ielquqimS dy dUjy pu`qr bihrwm ny id`lI ivc sulqwn bxn dw AYlwn kr idqw sI[ ies ’qy rzIAw qy AlqUnIAw &OjW lY ky id`lI vl cl pey sn[ ieh g`l sqµbr 1240 dI hY[ kYQl dy nyVy hoeI lVweI ivc rzIAw hwr geI sI pr bc ky inkl geI sI[ biTµfw vl jWidAW, kYQl dy nyVy AlqUnIAw qy rzIAw kuJ fwkUAW h`QoN mwry gey sn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ fwkUAW ny aunHW nUM PV ky 25 AkqUbr 1240 dy idn kql kr id`qw sI[

jnvrI 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI vI ies iklHy ivc Awey sn[ sMn 1757 ivc pitAwlw dy rwjy Awlw isMG pitAwlw ny ies iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI (aus ny ies iklHy dw nW gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc ‘goibMdgVH’ r`iKAw sI)[ sMn  1770ivAW ivc rwjw Amr isMG ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Awmd dI Xwd ivc iklHy ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[ iPr sMn 1980 ivc nvW gurduAwrw bxwieAw igAw sI[

     ieh iklHw sMn 1980ivAW ivc burI qrHw Fihxw SurU ho igAww sI; pr, hux ies dI murMmq krvw ky ies nUM sMBwl ilAw igAw hY[

     biTMfw ngr ivc iek v“fI sYNtrl jyl vI hY ijs ivc 9 AkqUbr 1960 dy idn pRqwp isMG kYroN Aqy pulIs muKI ASvnI kumwr dI hukmW hyT pulIs ny golIAW clw ky rxjIq isMG, jsvMq isMG, cYNcl isMG qy nwzr isMG nUM mwr id`qw sI.

biTMfw iklHy dw hvweI nkSw

biTMfw iklHy dw muK duAwr 

biTMfw iklHy dy AMdr gurduAwrw (AsQweI) 

biTMfw iklHy dy AMdr gurduAwrw
iklHy dy bwhr qoN

biTMfw iklHy dy AMdr gurduAwrw
pihlI QW ’qy nvIN iemwrq

 

 

 

btwlw

 izlHw gurdwspur dw iek purwxw ngr (AMimRqsr-pTwnkot mwrg ’qy, AMimRqsr qoN 37 Aqy gurdwspur qoN 32 iklomItr dUr)[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ ies ngr nUM sMn 1465 ivc lodI hwkmW dy smyN ivc rwjw rwm rwE B`tI ny Awbwd kIqw sI[ mgroN Akbr ny ieh ngr Awpxy Drm Brw SmSyr ^wn nUM jwgIr vjoN dy id`qI sI[

     mwrc 1711 ivc bMdw isMG bhwdur ny btwly ’qy vI hmlw kIqw sI[ jdoN bMdw isMG dy btwlw dy nyVy pu`jx dIAW ^brW AweIAW sn qW Sihr dy Aqy Awly-duAwly dy bhuq swry AmIr-vzIr, Awpxw m`l-m`qw sMBwl ky, Awpxy t`brW sxy, Sihr C`f ky lwhOr nUM B`j gey sn[ audoN btwlw ivc seIAd muhMmd &zl kwdrI Aqy SY^ Aihmd (SY^ul ihMd) do mShUr S^sIAqW rihMdIAW sn[ seIAd muhMmd &zl kwdrI (ijs ny iek v`fw mdr`sw vI kwiem kIqw hoieAw sI) is`KW nwl lVweI kr ky nukswn krvwaux dy h`k ivc nhIN sI pr SY^ Aihmd (ijs nUM ‘SY^ul ihMd’ ikhw jWdw sI) bMdw isMG nUM zbrdsq t`kr dyxI cwhuMdw sI[ bMdw isMG ny btwly ’qy hmlw krn qoN pihlW, 6 iklomItr dUr, Acl‑vtwlw puj ky pVwA kIqw sI qy Agly idn is`K &OjW phu-P`utx qoN pihlW btwly dy hwQI drvwzy nyVy pu`j geIAW sn[ SY^ Aihmd ny SihroN bwhr Aw ky is`K &OjW nwl t`kr leI sI pr auh bVI CyqI hI mwirAw igAw sI[ ies mgroN is`K &OjW drvwzy BMn ky Sihr ivc dwi^l hoeIAW sn Aqy zwlm hwkmW Aqy AmIrW dy Gr l`ut ley sn[ kwzI Abdul h`k dw mh`lw Aqy swrIAW hvylIAW lu`tx mgroN swV idqIAW geIAW sn[

     ies qoN keI swl mgroN sMn 1756 ivc is`KW ny muV btwlw Aqy AMimRqsr dy Awly-duAwly dy ielwky ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1765 ivc btwlw qy PqihgVH (cUVIAW) ivckwrlw ielwkw knHeIAw imsl dy kbzy ivc sI[ mgroN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny rwxI sdw kOr qoN Koh ilAw sI Aqy Syr isMG ie`QoN dw hwkm bixAw sI[

     kdy btwlw ngr kSmIrI mwl dI sB qoN v`fI mMfI jwixAw jWdw sI qy AmIrW-vzIrW dw Sihr sI[ iksy vyly btwlw dy 12 drvwzy sn[ ieh A`j vI SyrW vwlw drvwzw, KjUrI drvwzw, BMfwrI drvwzw, EhrI drvwzw, TiTAwrI drvwzw, hwQI drvwzw, phwVI drvwzw, morI drvwzw, kpUrI drvwzw, AclI drvwzw vjoN jwxy jWdy hn[ btwlw dIAW purwxIAW iemwrqW ivc jl mihl, SmSyr ^wn dw qwlwb Aqy mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw mihl (jo byAirMg ikRscIAn kwlj dy kbzy ivc hY) mShUr hn[ mhwrwjw Syr isMG AwpxIAW Aihm mIitMgW jl mihl bwrwdrI ivc krdw sI huMdw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ie`QoN iek surMg aus dy mihl qk jWdI sI (pr aus dw koeI inSwn nhIN imldw)[ audoN SmSyr ^wn dy qwlwb ivc pwxI BirAw jWdw sI; pr hux auh su`kw ipAw hY[

SmSyr ^wn dw qwlwb Aqy jl mihl

 

btwlw ivc m: Syr isMG dy mihl dw iek ih`sw

 

 

     btwlw ngr dw sbMD gurU nwnk swihb nwl vI sI[ aunHW dI SwdI iesy ngr ivc hoeI sI[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc do gurduAwry hn:

 

1. fyhrw swihb (ijs QW ’qy gurU nwnk swihb dy shury dw fyrw/Gr sI Aqy ij`Qy gurU jI dI SwdI dI rsm kIqI geI sI 2. gurduAwrw kMD swihb (ij`Qy gurU jI dI bwrwq TihrI sI) bixAw hoieAw hY (ie`Qy iek kMD dw FWcw bxw ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY ijs bwry ieh prcwirAw jw irhw hY ik ieh gurU jI dy smyN dI hY)[ gurU hirgoibMd sihb dy byty gurid`qw dI SwdI vI iesy ngr ivc hoeI sI; aus dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw siqkrqwrIAW bixAw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw kMD swihb

 

gurduAwrw kMD swihb muK drvwzw

gurduAwrw fyhrw swihb

 

gurduAwrw siqkrqwrIAW

 

bsI pTwxW

 

izlHw &qihgVH swihb ivc &qihgVH qoN qkrIbn 5 iklomItr dUr iek ksbw ijs dI nINh sMn 1540 ivc Syr Swh sUrI dy jrnYl hYdr milk ny r`KI sI[ aus ny ies ksby ivc iek in`kw ijhw iklHw vI bxwieAw sI[ sMn 1763 ivc flyvwlIAw imsl dy dIvwn isMG ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[

     b`sI pTwxW ivc hYdr milk dw iklHw iek jylH vjoN vriqAw jWdw irhw sI[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ies iklHy ivc julweI 1675 qoN AkqUbr 1675 qk pOxy cwr mhIny kYd rhy sn[ aunHW nUM ie`QoN id`lI iljw ky 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn ShId kIqw igAw sI[ ies iklHy nUM sMn 1994 qIk sb-jylH vjoN vriqAw jWdw irhw sI.

 

b`sI p`TwxW iklHw (dUroN)

 

b`sI p`TwxW sb-jyl vjoN 

b`sI p`TwxW AMdr hvwlwq dy kmry

 

b`sI pTwxW ksby dI iek hor AwlISwn iemwrq (hlIm koTI)

 

bsohlI

 jMmU-kSmIr irAwsq dy kTUAw izlHw ivc (jMmU qoN 145, cMbw qoN 80 qy flhOzI  qoN qkrIbn 48 iklomItr duUr), rwvI dirAw dy s`jy kMFy ’qy iek ngr, jo kdy iek Awzwd irAwsq hoieAw krdI sI[ sMn 1635 ivc fogrw rwjy BUpq rwey ny irAwsq dI nINh rKI sI[ ies ivc iklHw Aqy mihl rwjw mihMdr pwl ny sMn 1782 ivc bxwey sn[ sMn 1813 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies rwjy nUM Awpxy ADIn krn dI koiSS kIqI, pr jd ies ny tkrwA kIqw qW aus dIAW &OjW ny hmlw kr ky ies dw iklHw Aqy mihl qbwh kr id`qy sn[ sMn 1835 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies irAwsq nUM jMmU irAwsq ivc imlw id`qw sI[ hux bsohlI irAwsq qW kI iek izlHw vI nhIN hY[

     29 mwrc 1692 dy idn jdoN rwjw BIm cMd ny phwV dIAW bweI DwrW dy rwijAW dw iek`T rvwlsr ivc bulwieAw sI qW bsohlI dw rwjw vI aus iek`T ivc pu`jw sI[ ies iek`T ivc muZl srkwr dy hox vwly hmilAW dy fr hyT rih rhy phwVI rwijAW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dI srpRsqI hwisl krn dI ^wihS zwihr kIqI sI[ aunHW dI sdwrq gurU swihb ny kIqI sI[ gurU swihb ny aunHW ƒ XkIn idvwieAw ik “jy qusIN muZlW dI ZulwmI ivc nw rihxw cwho qW mYN quhwfI inghbwnI qy srpRsqI krn vwsqy iqAwr hW[” swry rwijAW ny gurU swihb dy hukm ƒ mMnx dw vwAdw kIqw[ gurU swihb kuJ idn rvwlsr rhy qy Pyr ndOx, kWgVw huMdy hoey purmMfl (dyvk dirAw dy kMFy), jMmU, bsohlI, c`k-kwnHw, rwmgVH iKrVI, sWbw, pTwnkot, huiSAwrpur ’c sMgqW ƒ drSn dyNdy hoey vwips AnMdpur Aw gey sn.

 

bsohlI dy iklHy dy Qyh dIAW kuJ inSwnIAW

 

bsmq

 mhwrwStr sUby ivc, nMdyV qoN 30 iklomItr dUr, iek ngr ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI sMn 1708 ivc nMdyV jWidAW ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb bxwieAw igAw hY.

 

 

bwsrky/ bwsrky ig`lW

 

AMimRqsr qoN qkrIbn 12 iklomItr qy Cyhrtw qoN qkrIbn 5 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf jo gurU Amr dws swihb dw jnm AsQwn hY[ ie`Qy gurU Amr dws jI dw jnm 18 ApRYl 1509 dy idn hoieAw sI[ (iek Zlq irvwieq kwrn aunHW dw jnm sMn 1479 dw mShUr ho igAw sI)[ ies ipMf ivc do gurduAwry hn: gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn Aqy gurduAwrw sMnH swihb[ gurduAwrw sMnH swihb nwl iek khwxI sbMDq kIqI hoeI hY ik gurU AMgd swihb v`loN gurU Amr dws jI nUM g`dI id`qy jwx kwrn gurU AMgd swihb dw v`fw pu`qr dwqU bhuq AOKw hoieAw sI[iek vwrI qW aus ny gurU Amr dws jI nUM KfUr qoN inkl jwx vwsqy vI ikhw sI[ ies ’qy gurU jI au~QoN cl ky Awpxy ipMf bwsrly ig`lW Aw gey sn Aqy sMgqW qoN auhly ho ky mOjUdw ‘sMnH swihb’ vwlI iemwrq ivc jw bYTy sn Aqy hukm jwrI kr id`qw sI ik jo ies mkwn dw drvwzw KolHygw auh myrw is`K nhIN hovygw[ jd swrI Gtnw dw bwbw bu`Fw nUM pqw l`gw qW auh ie“Qy pu`jy Aqy drvwzw nw KolHx dw hukm mMnidAW dIvwr ivc sMnH (pwV) lw ky AMdr jw vVy sn Aqy gurU jI nUM syvw sMBwlx vwsqy Arz kIqI sI[ kI gurU Amr dws jI nUM bwbw bu`Fw v`loN kMD pwVy jwx dI Awvwz nhIN AweI hovygI? drAsl ieh khwxI GVn dw Bwv ieh d`sxw sI ik bwbw bu`Fw v`loN gurU jI dw hukm l&z-b-l&z mMnx dI g`l smJwaux vwsqy drvwzw KolHx dI jgHw dIvwr ivc sMnH lwaux dI khwxI bxweI sI[ hux aus QW ’qy gurduAwrw sMnH swihb bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy Xwdgwr dI inSwnI vjoN kMD ivc iek mGorw bxw ky aus nUM ‘sMnH’ dw nW id`qw hoieAw hY.

gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn gurU Amr dws

 

 gurduAwrw sMnH swihb

 

sMnH dI Gtnw dI inSwnI vwsqy bxwieAw mGorw

 

 

bswlI

 bswlI (nUrpur bydI qoN 6, inrmohgVH Aqy kIrqpur swihb dohW qoN qkrIbn 20 iklomItr dUr) iek phwVI ipMf hY (ieh nvWSihr qy ropV izilHAW dI h`d hY)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI smyN ieh iek in`kI ijhI Awzwd irAwsq sI[ ies dw rwjw slwhI cMd sI[ slwhI cMd dI pqnI rwxI hIrw dyvI iblwspur dI rwxI cMpw (Ajmyr cMd dI dwdI) dI skI BYx sI[ rwxI cMpw (mOq sMn 1691) Aw^rI swhW q`k gurU Gr dI syvwdwr rhI sI[ AkqUbr 1700 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI AnMdpur C`f ky inrmohgVH dI phwVI ’qy cly gey sn[ jdoN Ajmyr cMd nUM gurU jI dy au~Qy hox dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny &Oj Byj ky gurU jI ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies idn qW aus ny pYsy ^rc ky ropV qoN muZl &Oj vI mMgvw leI sI, pr dovyN vwr hwr Kw ky ip`Cy ht igAw sI[ jdoN bswlI dI rwxI  hIrw dyvI qy rwjw slwhI cMd ƒ pqw l`gw ik Ajmyr cMd ny dZw kr ky gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kIqw hY qy hux inrmohgVH dI Gyrw-bMdI kIqI hoeI hY qW aunHW ny Awpxw vzIr gurU jI v`l inrmohgVH ByijAw sI qy aunHW ƒ inrmohgVH C`f ky bswlI Awaux vwsqy AwiKAw sI[ bswlI irAwsq sqluj dirAw dy dUjy pwr sI[ gurU swihb 14 AkqUbr 1700 dy qVky vyly inrmohgVH qoN sqluj dirAw v`l c`l pey qW jo dirAw pwr kr ky bswlI jw skx[ auDr jdoN Ajmyr cMd ƒ ies dw pqw l`igAw qW aus ny  gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[ gurU swihb ny is`K &OjW ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw qy Awp dirAw pwr kr gey[ ieDr audY isMG dI AgvweI ’c is`KW ny qIrW Aqy golIAW dw AYsw mINh vrHwieAw ik iek vwr qW duSmxW dI qObw kr id`qI[ jdoN swrI &Oj pwr kr geI qW audY isMG vI dirAw pwr kr igAw qy gurU jI ƒ jw imilAw[ ies lVweI ivc BweI kysrw isMG, BweI gokl isMG qy kuJ hor is`K mwry gey sn[

Swm vyly gurU jI bswlI phuMc gey sn[ bswlI dy lokW ny gurU jI ƒ bVI grm-joSI nwl ‘jI AwieAW’ AwiKAw sI[ gurU jI  rwjw slwhI cMd dy mihl ivc rhy qy isMGW vwsqy phwVI dy hyTW qMbU lw id`qy gey sn[gurU swihb dy bswlI rihMidAW rwjw swlwhI cMd ny Ajmyr cMd ƒ smJw ky mslw h`l krvw idqw sI[ ies mgroN 30 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn gurU swihb vwips AnMdpur swihb cly gey sn[ bswlI ivc rwjw slwhI dMd dy mihl ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ swlwhI cMd dy vwirs ^qm ho jwx mgroN aus iemwrq ’qy iksy ny vwsw kr ilAw sI Aqy gurduAwrw htw id`qw sI[ rwjw slwhI cMd dI smwD A`j vI aus iemwrq dy bwhr mOjUd hY[ sMn 1982 ivc mukwmI sMgqW ny bswlI dI phwVI dy hyTW iek nvW gurduAwrw cOkI JIrw swihb bxwieAw hY.

nkSy ivc ZlqI nwl b`slI iliKAw hoieAw hY

brHw/ brHy

 mwnsw izlHw ivc (buFlwfw qoN 6 iklomItr dUr, buFlwfw-rqIAw mwrg ’qy), buFlwfw qihsIl dw iek ipMf, ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb sMn 1665 dIAW grmIAW ivc mwlvy dy dOry dOrwn ruky sn[ gurU jI kot DrmU qoN ies ipMf pu`jy sn[ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurU jI iek qlwA kol ruky sn ijs nUM hux iek srovr ivc bdl id`qw igAw hY.

bwVH

 ibhwr ivc gMgw dy d`KxI kMFy qy, ptnw izlHw ivc (ptnw qoN qkrIbn 60 iklomItr dUr), bwVH ngr iek pRwcIn aumwnwQ (iSv) mMdr kr ky mShUr hY[ hux ieh iek bhuq vfw ngr bx cukw hY[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb sMn 1666 ivc Awpxy ibhwr Aswm dOry dOrwn iek vwr ies ngr ivc ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc cUnw KwVI muh`lw ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1934 ivc BUcwl nwl auh iemwrq F`T geI sI; pr aus smyN dw iek  KUh bicAw irhw sI[ ies QW ’qy audwsIAW dw kbzw hY[ hux ptnw swihb gurduAwrw kmytI ny sQwnk ibhwrI is`KW vwsqy iqrwhw cOk ivc ip`pl qwl kol, blIpur muh`lw ivc iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hY.

brgwVI

 

izlHw &rIdkot dI kotkpUrw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (kotkpUrw qoN qkrIbn 10 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI 26 dsMbr 1705 dy idn Bgqw qoN srwvW jWdy kuJ smW ruky sn[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[

    pihlI jUn 2015 dy idn ipMf burj jvwhr isMG vwlw ivcoN corI kIqy gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUp dy 110 s&y corI hox Aqy 12 AkqUbr dy idn iesy ipMf dy gurduAwry dy bwhr Klyry imly sn[ gurU gRMQ swihb dIAW bIVW dI byAdbI dy i^lw& kIqy gey iek ros dOrwn bihbl klW ivc iek`TI hoeI BIV ’qy pulIs ny golIAW clw ky do is`K nOjvwn mwr id`qy sn (vyKo: bihblklW)[ ies sbMDI  6 AkqUbr  2018 dy idn iek v`fw iek`T brgwVI ipMf ivc hoieAw sI jo ies ipMf dy ieiqhws dw sB qoN v`fw iek`T sI.

 

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI dsvIN brgwVI

 

6 AkqUbr 2018 dw ieiqhwsk iek`T

bwrT

 izlHw gurdwspur ivc (pTwnkot qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) iek v`fw ipMf (hux ksbw), ij`Qy kdy gurU Arjn swihb qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ dohW gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb’  bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies jgHw iek purwxI bwaulI vI hY Aqy purwxy QMmH dw iek tukVw vI (ijs nUM kpiVAW ivc lpyt ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY[) iek hor gurduAwrw gurduAwrw ‘gurUsr pwqSwhI pMjvIN’  gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb qoN qkrIbn 600 mItr dUr hY; ieh gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw  hoieAw hY[ ieh dovyN gurduAwry SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRbMD hyT hn, pr dohW gurduAwirAW ivc l`gy q^iqAW (borf) au~qy Zlq ieiqhws iliKAw hoieAw hY[ ieh Zlq iliKAw hY ik gurU Arjn swihb ie`Qy Cy mhIny rhy sn Aqy srovr aunHW ny bxwieAw sI; hkæIkæq ieh hY ik auh isr& iek idn vwsqy ruky sn[gurU nwnk swihb dw audwsI pu`qr sRIcMd bhuq smW ies QW ’qy rihMdw irhw sI[ ieh Zlq hY ik gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny ie`Qy sRIcMd nUM Awpxw v`fw pu`qr gurid`qw ‘Arpn’ kIqw sI[ ies ipMf ivc sRIcMd dI Xwd ivc vI iek AsQwn bixAw hoieAw hY , ijhVw audwsI swDUAW dy pRbMD hyT hY.

 

gurduAwrw bwaulI swihb

 

bwaulI swihb ivc sMBwilAw hoieAw QMmH

 

gurduAwrw  bwaulI swihb ivc l`gw borf

  

 

gurduAwrw gurUsr pwqswhI pMjvIN

 

gurduAwrw gurUsr ivc l`gw borf

  

AsQwn bwbw sRIcMd

bwrwmUlw

 

kSmIr ivc ijhlm dirAw dy kMFy iek pRwcIn ngr (sRIngr qoN 55 iklomItr dUr)[ bRwhmx ies nUM ies nUM vrwhmUl (vrwh dI jVH) kihMdy hn[ imQhws muqæwibkæ ieh ivSnU dy Avqwr vrwh (m`C/mgrm`C Avqwr) dw ngr sI[ ie`Qy jdoN JIl ’qy iek dYNq ny kbzw kr ilAw sI qW ivSnU ny vrwh rUp Dwrn kr ky ie`Qy iek JIl bxw id`qI sI[ bwrwmUlw iksy zmwny ivc iek Aihm boDI ngr sI[ cInI XwqrIAW ny Awpxy s&rnwimAW ivc ies boDI ngr dw izkr kIqw hY[ boDIAW dy sqUp A`j vI au~Qy Qyh dy rUp ivc mOjUd hn[ muZlW vyly  Akbr Aqy jhWgIr dy ie`Qy Awaux dw izkr imldw hY[

     gurU hirgoibMd swihb sMn 1620 ivc kSmIr dy dOry smyN ies ngr ivc vI ruky sn[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw kot qIrQ pwqSwhI CyvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy iek purwxw cnwr dw dr^q vI sI, ijs nUM iek swD ny kwrsyvw dy nW ’qy ny ktvw id`qw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh dr^q gurU jI Awpxy h`QI lwieAw sI[ aus dr^q dw qxw gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN ivc sMBwl ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY[ bwrwmUlw AjklH  (2022 ivc) iek imlvIN AwbwdI dw ngr hY[ ie`QoN dI 71 hzwr AwbwdI ivc qkrIbn 85.3% muslmwn 8.69% is`K qy 5.5% ihMdU hn.

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN bwrwmUlw (muK sVk qoN)

gur: pwqSwhI CyvIN bwrwmUlw (nyiVEN) 

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN ivc icnwr dw qxw

 

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN ivc l`gw borf

 

 

gurduAwrw pwqSwhI CyvIN isMGpurw
(bwrwmulw qoN 10 iklomItr dur)

 

 

bnUV

 qihsIl fyrw bsI ivc, iek ksbw[ ieh rwjpurw qoN 15 Aqy cMfIgVH qoN qkrIbn 30 iklomItr dUr hY; zIrkpur qy fyrw bsI ies dy bhuq nyVy dy ksby hn[ ieh kdy C`q-bnUV AKvwauNdw sI (hwlW ik dohW ipMfW ivc qkrIbn 9 iklomItr dI dUrI hY)[ G`gr dirAw dy kMFy ’qy C`q kdy iek jMgl sI, ijs nUM hux iciVAwGr vWg sMBwl ilAw igAw hY[ ikhw jWdw hY ik kdy bnUV dw nW puSpwvqI (Pu`lW dw ielwkw hox kr ky; puSp=Pu`l) huMdw sI[ iek hor nvIN GVI khwxI muqæwibkæ ies dw nW bMno nW dI AOrq kr ky ipAw sI ijs dy nW ’qy iek Xwdgwr bxweI hoeI hY[ ieM\ hI ie`Qy iek purwxI gu`gw mwVI Aqy nOgjy pIr dI kbr vI hY[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ muhMmd ZOrI ny ipRQvI rwj cOhwn nUM hrw ky igR&qwr kr ky ies jgHw r`iKAw sI Aqy mgroN mwr id`qw sI (ies dw ArQ ieh vI bxdw hY ik kdy ie`Qy iklHw vI hovygw)[ sMn 1698 ivc ies ielwky ivc kuJ is`K vI vsdy sn[ ie`QoN dy iek pirvwr kol gurU goibMd isMG jI dw iek ^q sI (ijs nUM auh hukmnwmw kihMdy sn); ies ^q ivc gurU jI ny bnUV dI sMgq nUM Awpxw ^wlsw iliKAw sI[  AjIq isMG bwGw ny ies ’qy iek in`kI ijhI ikqwb ‘bnUV hYf Awrfr’ ilKI sI[ 24 ApRYl 1710 dy idn bMdw isMG bhwdur ny ies ielwky ’qy kbzw kr ky ie`QoN dy zwlm hwkmW nUM szw id`qI sI[  bMdw isMG bhwdr ny jdoN srhMd v`l kUc kIqw sI qW aus ny aus hmly dI iqAwrI iesy QW ’qy rih ky kIqI sI[ bMdw isMG dI Xwd ivc mukwmI lokW ny iek gurduAwrw bxwieAw hY:

 

bxI bdrpur

 hirAwxw sUby dy izlHw kurUkSyqr ivc bxI qy bdrpur nW dy do nwl lgvyN ipMf (lwfvw qoN 6 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb kurUkSyqr qoN muinAwr qy du`DI huMdy hoey ie`Qy ruky sn[ khwxI muqæwibkæ gurU jI ny ipMf dy cODrI rwm b^S nUM ipMf ivc pwxI dw mslw h`l krn vwsqy KUh luAwaux vwsqy sony dIAW muhrW dw bdrw (QYlw) id`qw sI jo aus ny Zbn kr ilAw sI, mgroN gurU jI ny Awp ie`Qy rih ky KUh luAwieAw sI (ieho ijhIAW khwxIAW sUrj pRkwS dy lyKk g`pI kvI sMqoK isMG ny hor ipMfW bwry vI GVIAW sn)[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw dohW ipMfW dy ivckwr KyqW ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ ieh pihlW in`kI ijhI iemwrq sI, ijs nUM bGyl isMG ClOdI vwly ny bxwieAw sI[ mgroN ies QW ’qy iek v`fw gurduAwrw bxw id`qw igAw sI[ gurduAwry AMdr iek purwxw QVHw sMBilAw hoieAw hY ijs bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik gurU jI ies QW ’qy bYTy sn[ gurduAwry dy nyVy KyqW ivc iek purwxw KUh vI mOjUd hY.

 

guurduAwrw gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb bxI bdrpur
(hvweI idRS)

 

guurduAwry dw nyVy dw idRS

 

guurduAwry ivc purwxw QVHw

 

guurduAwry  nyVy purwxw KUh

bMglw dyS

 

sMn 1947 ivc pwiksqwn do ih`isAW ivc sI: 1. p`CmI pwiksqwn (pMjwb, sUbw srh`d,isMD); bloicsqwn Aqy bhwvlpur Ajy Awzwd sn (mgroN bhwvlpur p`CmI pMjwb dw ih`sw bx igAw sI Aqy bloicsqwn iek sUby vjoN pwiksqwn dw ih`sw bxw ilAw igAw sI) 2. pUrbI pwiksqwn (jo pUrbI bMgwl sI)[ pwiksqwn bxn mgroN srkwr ivc bhuqI qæwkæq pMjwb qy isMD dy AwgUAW kol hI sI[ ies kr ky pUrbI qy p`CmI pwiksqwn ivc hwlwq suKwvyN nhIN sn[ 1960 ivAW ivc bMgwlIAW ny mihsUs krnw SurU kr id`qw sI ik aunHW nUM Awzwd mulk bxwauxw hI pYxw hY[ AvwmI lIg pwrtI ijs dw muKI mujIbur rihmwn sI, ny Awzwd bMgwl dI muihMm clw id`qI hoeI sI[ ies hwlq ivc 9 meI 1968 dy idn aus nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw igAw sI[ aus ’qy bZwvq dw doS lwieAw igAw sI[ pr pUrbI pwiksqwn ivc c`lI v`fI lihr kr ky 22 &rvrI 1969 dy idn aus qoN bZwvq dw doS vwips lY ilAw igAw qy auh 23 &rvrI nUM Fwkw pu`j igAw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1970  dIAW coxW ivc  AvwmI lIg ny pUrbI bMgwl dI AsYNblI dIAW 169 ivcoN 167 sItW ’qy ij`q hwisl kIqI sI[ sYnt ivc vI aunHW dI bhu sMmqI sI[ ies hwlq ivc mujIbr rihmwn nUM pRweIm minstr bxwey jwx ibnw koeI cwrw nhiN sI[ pr, pwiksqwn pIplz pwrtI dy zul&kwr AlI Bu`to ny aus dw zbrsdq ivroD kIqw qy aus nUM pRweIm minstr bxn hI nhIN id`qw igAw sI[ ies hwlq ivc mujIbr rihmwn ny 7 mwrc 1971 dy idn bMglw dyS dI AwzwdI dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ hwlwq ivgVdy dyK ky 25 mwrc 1971 dy idn pwiksqwn dI &Oj ny it`kw ^wn dI AgvweI hyT Fwkw ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ausy rwq nUM mujIbr rihmwn nUM igR&qwr kr ky p`CmI pwiksqwn  lY jwieAw igAw sI[ aus nUM lwielpur jyl ivc r`iKAw igAw sI Aqy aus ’qy bZwvq dw muk`dmw clwieAw igAw sI[

     ies hwlq ivc 26 mwrc 1971 dy idn pwik &Oj dy bMgwlI jrnYl izAw aur rihmwn ny Sy^ mujIbr rihmwn dy nW qy bMglw dyS dI AwzwdI dw AYlwn kr idqw sI[ hux AvwmI lIg dI mukqI bwhnI dI AgvweI hyT bMgwlIAW Aqy pwiksqwnI &OjW ivckwr glIAW bwzwrW ivc jMg SurU ho geI sI[ AvwmI lIg dy bhuqy AwgU Bwrq dwi^l ho gey sn Aqy aunHW ny klk`qw ivc jlwvqn srkwr dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ApRYl ivc (pwik &Oj v`loN Bwrq ’qy hmly dy nW ‘qy) Bwrq vI ies lVweI ivc Swiml ho igAw sI[ Bwrq bMglw dyS dI 1600 iklomItr dI srh`d hox kr ky pwiksqwnI &Oj kuJ vI nw kr skI sI[ A^Ir Bwrq ny mukqI bwihnI dy nW ’qy ny 3 dsMbr qoN 16 dsMbr qk pwiksqwnI &OjW nwl lVweI kr ky aus nUM hrw id`qw sI[ ies dw muK kwrn ieh sI ik iek vI bMgwlI pwikswnI &Oj dw swQ dyx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[  A^Ir pwiksqwn &Oj dy jnrl inAwzI ny BwrqI &Oj dy jrnYl jgjIq isMG AroV A`gy hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn[ ies vyly 93 hzwr pwiksqwnI &OjI BwrqI &Oj ny kYd kr ley sn[ ienHW kYdIAW ivc 81-82 hzwr &OjI qy 10 qoN 12 hzwr isvlIAn sn[ ies lVweI ivc pwik &Oj ny 3 l`K qoN vD lok mwry sn; hzwrW AOrqW dy ryp kIqy sn[ ies vyly qk 80 lK bMgwlI muhwjr bx ky Bwrq Aw gey hoey sn[ bMgwl dyS ny Sy^ mujIbr rihmwn nUM mulk dw pRweIm minstr AYlwn kr id`qw sI[

     auDr 20 dsMbr 1971 dy idn zul&kwr AlI  Bu`to pwiksqwn dw sdr bx igAw sI[ dunIAW Br qoN zor pYx ’qy 8 jnvrI  1972 dy idn pwiksqwn ny Sy^ mujIbr rihmwn nUM  irhw kr idqw sI[ Agly hI idn Bu`to ny mujIbr rihmwn nwl nwl rwvlipMfI ivc mulwkwq kIqI sI Aqy suKwvW mwhOl bxwaux qy dunIAW ivc AwpxI bdnwmI hoxoN rokx vwsqy koiSS kIqI sI[ ies mgroN mujIbr rihmwn Fwkw pu`j igAw sI[ 19 jnvrI 1972 dy idn mujIbr rhmwn ny bMglw dyS dI hkUmq sMBwl leI sI[ sMn 1974 ivc mujIbur rihmwn ny mulk ivc AMdrUnI AYmrjMsI lw id`qI sI[ aus ny 25 jnvrI 1975 dy idn ivDwn ivc qbdIlI kr ky pRweIm minstr dI QW pRDwngI isstm lwgU kr id`qw sI[

     15 Agsq 1975 dy idn kuJ jUnIAr jrnYlW ny mujIbur rihmwn dy Gr ’qy tYNkW nwl hmlw kr ky mujIbur rihmwn, aus dy swry pirvwr Aqy injI stw& nUM golIAW nwl aufw id`qw[ aus dI DIAW Sy^ hsInw qy Sy^ irhwnw, jo jrmn geIAW hoeIAW sn, bc geIAW sn; pr, aunHW dy mulk prqn ’qy pwbMdI lw id`qI geI sI[ ieh swizS mujIbur rihmwn dy purwxy swQI KoNfwkr muSqwk Aihmd dI sI[ ieh S`k kIqw jWdw hY ik ies ivc AmrIkw dI sI.AweI. ey. dw h`Q sI[ Bwrq ny sMn 2020 ivc Sy^ mujibr rihmwn vwsqy iek fwk itkt vI jwrI kIqI sI[

     ies mgroN bMglw dyS ivc iPr rwj pltw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1978 ivc izAw aur rihmwn (swbkw &OjI jrnYl) nUM prYzIfYNt AYlwn kr id`qw igAw[ aus ny mujIbur rihmwn dy kwqlW Aqy aunHW dy swQIAW nUM Awm muAw&I dyx dw cwrtr jwrI kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN jdoN coxW hoeIAW qW mujIbur rihmwn dI DI Sy^ hsInw bMglw dyS dI pRDwn bxI[ aus ny Awm muAw&I dw AYlwn vwips ilAw[ aus ny muk`dmw clw ky mujIbur rihmwn dy kql dI plwn krn vwly Abdul mjId (kwql) nUM 12 ApRYl 2020 nUM &WsI ’qy cVHw id`qw sI[

     Sy^ mujIbur rihmwn nUM bMglw dyS dw sB qoN v`fw hIro dw drjw id`qw igAw hY[ aus nUM bMg-bMDU dw i^qwb id`qw igAw hY[

bMgwl dyS dI krMsI ‘tkw’ dy is`ikAW ’qy aus dI qsvIr CwpI jWdI hY[ sYNkVy sMsQwvW  aus dy nW ’qy SurU kIqIAW geIAW hn[ aus dy pirvwr dy drjn qoN vD mYNbr bMglw dyS dI pwrlImYNt dy mYNbr hn jW hor v`fy AhuidAW ’qy qweInwq hn[ sMn 2001 ivc aus dI DI Sy^ hsInw cox hwr geI sI Aqy aus dI QW byZm zIAw pRDwn cuxI geI sI;pr 2008 ivc sy^ hsInw dobwrw pRDwn cuxI geI sI[

     bMglw dyS dw rkbw 1 l`K 48 hzwr 560 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ ies mulk dI AwbwdI  (sMn 2022 ivc) 14 kroV 98 l`K hY[ ies dw sB qoN v`fw ngr Fwkw hY

ijs dI AwbwdI 90 l`K hY aqy dUjw v`fw ng ictwgWg hY ijs dI AwbwdI 26 lK hY[ ies qoN ielwvw hor muK ngr hn: Kulnw, islht, rwjSwhI Awid[ bMglw dyS ivc smuMdrI qU&wn nwl hr swl bhuq nukswn huMdw hY[ ie`QoN dw kpVw, ju`qIAW, K`lW, m`CI, rbV, mYtl Aqy pSUAW dy cmVy dw smwn bhuq swry dySW ivc jWdw hY.

 

bMglw dyS Aqy p`CmI bMgwl

 

pwiksqwnI &Oj v`loN hiQAwr su`ty jwx dw idRS
 

Bwrq srkwr v`loN Sy^ mujIbur rihmwn dI Xwd ivc jwrI kIqI fwk itkt

 

Fwkw ngr dy do idRS

 

ictwgWg dw iek idRS

 

islht ngr dw iek idRS

 

Sy^ mujIbur rihmwn dw mkbrw

 

Sy^ hsInw (K`by) qy byZm zIAw (s`jy)    

bMgS

(&wrsI bMgS)

1. kurum qy kohwt (A&Zwinsqwn) dw ielwkw: kohwt qoN ^Ybr p^qUnvw qk dw ielwkw[ qvwrI^ ivc ies ielwky nUM pihlI vwrI bwbr ny ij`iqAw sI, ijs dw izkr bwbrnwmw ivc (sMn 1540 ivc) imldw hY[ ies nUM bMgsqwn vI kihMdy sn
2. bMgS dyS dw vwsI
3. pTwxW dw iek kbIlw ijs qoN ies ielwky dw nW c`ilAw sI[bMgS l&z dw ArQ hY: bMg (jVH) nUM v`F dyx vwly[ lVweI dy mYdwn ivc bMgS kOm dy lok ies g`l vwsqy jwxy jWdy hn ik auh duSmx dIAW lwSW dIAW s&W ivCwauNdy jWdy hn[ bMgS A&Zwinsqwn qoN ielwvw au~qr pRdyS qy m`D pRdyS ivc vI PYly hoey sn[ sMn 1713 qoN 1743 qk muhMmd ^wn bMgS &rU^wbwd (au~qr pRdyS) dw nvwb sI[ m`D pRdyS dI Bopwl irAwsq dw moFI ErkzeI kbIly dw dosq muhMmd ^wn (sMn 1707-1728) sI[ auh bMgS kbIly nwl hI sbMDq sI[ Bopwl ivclw ‘qwj mhl’ bMgS kbIly dI Swh jhwn byZm (sMn 1868-1901) ny bxwieAw sI[ A&Zwinsqwn dy bMgS lokW ivc SIAw qy suMnI dovyN pwey jWdy hn[

 

     iksy vyly bMgS ielwky ivc bhuq swry rwjpUq Aqy KqrI-AroVw is`K vI rihMdy sn vI sn[ is`KW ivcoN BweI mnI isMG dy cwcy BweI nTIAw dy pu`qrw (ijnHW nUM bMgySrI kihMdy sn) ies ielwky ivc bhuq mMny-pRmMny vxjwry sn[ ienHW ivcoN BgvMq isMG (BwgU bxjwrw) kol qW AOrMgzyb vyly muZlW dw 5000 dw mnsb vI sI[  ieh BgvMq isMG bMgySrI Aqy aus dy iqMn hor Brw bwz isMG (sUbydwr srhMd), kaur isMG qy Swm isMG bMdw isMG bhwdur dy sB qoN nzdIkI swQI sn Aqy aus dy nwl hI  gurdws nMgl qoN igR&qwr kIqy gey sn Aqy 9 jUn 1916 dy idn id`lI ivc kql kIqy gey sn[[ sMn 1979 ivc A&Zwinsqwn ivc gVbV SurU hox mgroN bhuqy is`K pwiksqwn dyy ngrW ipSwvr qy nwnkwxw cly gey sn.

 

Bopwl irAwsq dw moFI
dosq muhMmd ^wn (sMn 1707-1728)

 

Bopwl dy ‘qwj mhl’ dw swhmxw pwsw

bwxgVH

 izlHw ropV dI qihsIl nUrpur bydI ivc ropV-nUrpr bydI mwrg dy ipMf isMbl mwjrw (kIrqpr qoN 13 Aqy AnMdpur qoN 15 iklomItr dUr) ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw[ gurU jI ie`Qy AkqUbr 1700 ivc bswlI ivc 15 idn rihx smyN iek vwr Awey sn[ mgroN ies QW nwl iek kwlpink khwxI joV id`qI geI sI ik iek vwr phwVI rwijAW Aqy SwhI &Oj dI is`KW nwl lVweI cl rhI sI qW ies dorwn iek idn muZl srdwr ies QW ’qy bYT ky SqrMj Kyf rhy sn ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dw clwieAw iek qIr aunHW dy kol Aw l`gw[ ies ’qy auh bhuq hYrwn hoey ik ieh ikhVw qIrAMdwz hY ijs dw qIr eynI dUr qk mwr kr sky! ieh qW koeI jwdUgr hI hovygw[ eyny ivc hI gurU jI dy iek hor qIr clwieAw ijs ivc aunHW ny ru`kw ilK ByijAw sI ik ieh jwdU nhIN blik qIrAMdwzI dI mhwrq (ividAw, swDnw) hY[ ies khwxI ivc do v`fIAW ZlqIAW hn: 1. phwVI rwijAW Aqy SwhI &Oj dI is`KW nwl kdy koeI lVweI jYqovwl jW nUrpur bydI ielwky hI nhIN AnMdpur ivc vI nhIN hoeI  2. AnMdpur qoN jYqovwl qk eyny mIl dUr qk qIr dw clwieAw jwxw ^wls g`p hY[ pr ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik gurU goibMd isMG ies QW Awey sn.

 

bWgr  dys

 bWgr dw ArQ hY ^uSk ielwkw[ ieh auh ielwkw hY ij`QoN dI zmIn dI vwhI bwirS dy shwry huMdI hY[ ieh pUrbI pMjwb, hirAwxw Aqy rwijsQwn dy ivckwr dw ielwkw hY; ies ivc hirAwxw dy mOjUdw izlHy jINd, ihswr, iBvwnI, &qhwbwd, crKI dwdrI, srsw; Aqy rwijsQwn ivc Bwdrw, nOhr, hnumwngVH Awid dw kuJ ielwkw Swiml hn[ ies ielwky dy lokW ivc muK qOr ’qy  j`t, gurjwr Aqy rwjpUq hn; hux kuJ ibSnoeI, bwnIAw, bwvVIAw qy biDk vI ies ielwky ivc pwey jWdy hn[ ies ielwky nUM bWgr/bWgV dys Aqy ie`QoN dI bolI nUM bwgrI/bWgVI/bwgVI ikhw jWdw hY[

     sMn 1660-65 ivc ies ielwky ivc is`KI dw bhuq prswr sI[ Dmqwn qy jINd qW qkrIbn swrw hI gurU swihbwn dy nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ ie`QoN dw BweI d`go bhuq swrI zmIn dw mwilk sI Aqy lok aus dI bhuq ie`zq krdy sn[ ApRYl 1665 ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr ies ielwky ivc Awey qW qkrIbn swrw ielwkw hI aunHW dy drSn krn Aqy aunHW dy bcn suxn vwsqy Aw igAw sI[ gurU jI ie`Qy keI idn rhy sn Aqy hr roz sYNkVy lok dIvwn ivc hwizr huMdy rhy sn[ gurU swihb hr roz dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn[ kuJ idn Dmqwn rihx mgroN gurU swihb ny kIrqpur jwx dI iqAwrI SurU kr idqI sI[ jdoN sMgqW nMU pqw l`gw qW aunHW gurU swihb nMU hor rukx vwsqy Arz kIqI sI[ d`go ny sMgqW vloN gurU swihb nMU ieh vI Arz kIqI ik auh Awpxw drbwr (hY~f-kuAwtrz) bkwlw dI QW Dmqwn ivc bxw lYx[ sMgqW ny XkIn idvwieAw ik auh dUr-durwfy qoN Awaux vwlIAW sMgqW dI syvw dy Krc dw bIVw cuk lYxgIAW[ sMgqW v`loN vwr-vwr zor dyx ’qy gurU swihb mMn gey sn[ gurU swihb dI hdwieq ’qy BweI d`go ny AwpxI kuJ zmIn gurU dy mhl, sMgqW dI Drmswlw Aqy iek nvW KUh luAwaux vwsqy Byt kr idqI sI[pr meI 1665 ivc iblwspur dy rwjy dIp cMd dI mOq ny swrI qvwrI^ hI bdl ky rK id`qI sI[ bWgr ielwky ivc Dmqwn ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies ielwky ivc hor vI bhuq swry ieiqhwsk gurduAwry hn. hor vyKo: Dmqwn.

bwgVI 1. bwgV/bwgr dyS dw vwsI 2. bwgV dyS dI bolI.

 

b`lHo

 
biTMfw izlHw dI rwmpurw PUl qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (rwmpurw PUl qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU hirgoibMd swihb gey sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ipMf dy ivckwr ‘gurduAwrw jMfsr’ bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

bl^

 (&wrsI bl^ sMsikRq bl@ihkwhæ, bl@hIkwhæ, bwlhI) A&Zwinsqwn dw iek pRwcIn ngr[ hux bl^ A&Zwinsqwn dw iek sUbw Aqy aus dw muK ngr hY[ ieh mzwr-ie-SrI& qoN 20 Aqy bl^ dirAw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr hY (ieh AwmU dirAw dy d`Kx v`l 74 iklomItr dUr hY)[ ieh kdy boDIAW Aqy pwrsIAW dw ngr huMdw sI[hr pwsy hux Qyh nzr AwauNdy hn[ ikqy-ikqy sqUp Ajy vI lBdy hn[ cOQI sdI dy cInI XwqrI &whIXwn muqæwibkæ ieh boDIAW dw v`fw kyNdr sI[sqvIN sdI dy cInI XwqrI zUAWgzMg muqæwibkæ ie`Qy iqMn hzwr iBkSU sn[ pwrsIAW (ierwnIAW) dy kbzy mrgoN bhuqy boDI sqUp pwrsIAW dy AgnI mMdr bxw id`qy gey sn[ muslmwnW ny auh AgnI mMdr vI ^qm kr id`qy sn[ muslmwnW (ArbW) dw pihlw hmlw sMn 645 ivc hoieAw sI pr auh sMn 670 ivc k`F id`qy gey sn[  mgroN sMn 715 ivc muslmwnW dw p`kw kbzw ho igAw sI[ boDI iBkSU mwr id`qy gey sn Aqy aunHW dIAW lwiebryrIAW swV id`qIAW geIAW sn[

iPr kuJ smW s&rIdIAW dw kbzw irhw sI[ sMn 997 ivc ie`Qy ZznvIAW dI hkUmq Aw geI sI[ iPr ieh ngr qurkW, ZOrIAW qy mMgolW h`QoN qbwh hoieAw sI[ sMn 1229 ivc cMgyz ^wn ny ie`Qy v`fw kqlyAwm kIqw sI[ ies mgroN auzbykW qy s&vIdW dy hmly vI hoey sn[ sMn 1511 ivc muZl jrnYl (bwdSwh) bwbr ny bl^ ’qy hmlw kIqw sI pr  hwr igAw sI[ sMn 1641 ivc ieh ielwkw muZl bwdSwh Swhjhwn dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw sI[ AOrMgzyb vI kuJ smW ie`QoN dw sUbydwr irhw sI[ sMn 1736 ivc nwdr Swh ny ieh ielwkw ij`q ilAw sI[ aus mgroN ieh A&ZwnW dy kbzy ivc hI irhw hY[ pr hux ieh vDyry kr ky QyhW dw ielwkw hI hY[ bl^ Kurwswn ielwky dw muK ngr sI[ XUnwnI ies nUM bktrw/bktry kihMdy sI (vyKo:nkSw), ijs qoN bktrIAn hkUmq dw nW bixAw sI.

 

 

bl^ dI ‘hrI msijd’

bwlwkot

 pwiksqwn dy sUby ^Ybr p^qUnvw dy izlHw mnsyhrw dw iek ngr (ieslwmwbwd qoN qkrIbn 140 iklomItr dUr) jo kunhwr dirAw dy kMFy ’qy Awbwd hY (mnsyhrw ngr mIrpurI jrnYl mhw isMG dy nW ’qy v`isAw hoieAw hY)[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI qIjI jW cOQI audwsI smyN ies QW qoN ho ky gey sn, pr aunHW dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ meI 1932 ivc DMnw isMG cihl sweIkl-XwqrU ies QW ’qy AwieAw sI[ aus muqæwibkæ ie`Qy muslmwnW ny hMdwlIAW dI jnmswKI dy nklI pwqr ‘bwlw’ dy nW ’qy iek mzwr bxwieAw hoieAw sI qy au~Qy mylw lwieAw krdy sn (jo hux nhIN lgdw)[ 6 meI 1831 dy idn bwlw kot ivc iek BVI Aihm lVweI hoeI sI[brylI dw sXd Aihmd qy Swh iesmweIl is`KW qoN pMjwb nUM ^wlI krvwaux vwsqy jhwd dw nwArw lw ky v`fI &Oj lY ky AwieAw sI, pr ies Aw^rI lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw sI[ 8 AkqUbr 2005 dy idn Awey iek BUcwl ny ies ngr nUM burI qrHw qbwh kr id`qw sI, ijs ivc 75 qoN 80 hzwr qk lok mwry gey sn[ mOjUdw ngr mgroN vswieAw igAw sI[

     26 &rvrI  2019 dy idn BwrqI &Oj ny ies mgr ’qy bMb su`itAw sI; ijs nwl BwrqI &oj muqæwibkæ 100 lok mwry gey sn, pr mgroN pqw l`gw sI ik ieh bMb iek byAwbwd phwVI ’qy if`gw sI.

bwlw swihb gurduAwrw

 

id`lI ivc, id`lI drvwzy dy bwhrvwr, jmnw dirAw dI iek Sw^ dy nyVy, gurU hirikSn jI dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw[ ies QW ’qy gurU hirikSn jI dw sskwr kIqw igAw sI[ mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr (gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW dohW pqnIAW) Aqy hor swry is`KW Aqy ihMdUAW dy sskwr iesy jgh hoieAw krdy sn. hor vyKo: id`lI.

 

gurduAwrw bwlw swihb id`lI

 

 

 

bkwlw/ bwbw bkwlw

 

izlHw AMimRqsr ivc, dirAw ibAws dy kMFy ’qy iek purwxw ngr (ibAws qoN 6, AMimRqsr qoN 43, Aqy jlMDr qoN 46 iklomItr dUr)[ ie`Qy mwqw nwnkI dy pyky Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy nwnky sn[ iesy QW ’qy mwqw gMgw (mwqw gurU hirgoibMd swihb) Awpxy Aw^rI swhW qIk  (sMn 1621 qIk) rhy sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb sMn 1644 qoN 1655 qIk qkrIbn 11 swl, ApRYl 1664 qoN AkqUbr 1664 qIk, sqMbr 1670  qoN mwrc 1672 qk qkrIbn fyF swl (kul qkrIbn 13 swl) ies ngr ivc rhy sn[

     ies ngr ivc ie`ko gurduAwrw kMplYks ivc cwr gurduAwry hn: drbwr swihb (ij`Qy 11 Agsq 1664 dy idn gurg`dI sMBwlx dI rsm kIqI geI sI), mMjI swihb (ij`Qy gurU jI dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn), SIS mihl (jo gurU swihb dI irhwieS sI), Borw (qih ^wnw ijs nwl Bory ivc BgqI krn dI klipq khwxI joVI hoeI hY (vyKo: qyZ bhwdr, gurU).

 

bwbw bkwlw ngr dw nkSw (gUgl qoN nkSw; pMjwbI ivc keI QWvW dy nW Zlq ilKy hn)
 

bwbw bkwlw gurduAwrw (hvweI)

bwbw bkwlw gurduAwrw dw m`Qw

 

bwbw bkwlw dw (AKOqI) Borw

 

bjvwVw

hoiSAwrpur qoN qkrIbn 4 iklomItr dUr iek purwxw ngr jo hux iek ipMf ivc bdl cukw hY[ kdy ie`Qy nyVy ikRSnw ndI vgdI huMdI sI jo hux suk cukI hY[ie`Qy lodI pTwxW ny iek in`kw iklHw bxwieAw sI[ ATwrHvIN sdI dy A^Ir ivc ies ’qy BUp isMG &YzlwpurIAw dw kbzw sI[ sMn 1801 ivc ies ’qy kWgVw dy sMswr cMd ktoc dw kbzw ho igAw sI[ sMn 1825 ivc ieh mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kbzy ivc Aw igAw sI[ hux ieh qkrIbn qbwh ho cukw hY[ bjvwVw gurU goibMd isMG jI dI dUjI pqnI (mwqw) suMdrI (pwhul mgroN suMdr kOr) dw pykw ipMf sI[ ie`Qy aus dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ iek lyKk ny bjvwVw nUM mShUr gv`eIey bYjU bwvrw nwl joVn dI koiSS vI kIqI sI, jo ik shI nhIN hY.

 

bjvwVw ikLHy dw bicAw-KuicAw ih`sw

 

gurduAwrw mwqw suMdrI (suMdr kor)

bjrUV/ bjrOV/ bjrwauV

 izLHw hoiSAwrpur ivc (hoiSAwrpur  qoN qkrIbn 14 iklomItr dUr, ipMf c`byvwl dy nyVy; AnMdpur qoN qkrIbn 70 iklomItr dUr) iek ieiqhwsk ipMf ij`Qy sMn 1657 ivc iek vwr gurU hir rwie swihb gey sn[ ies dw srkwrI kwZzW ivc nW ‘bjrOV’ hY[ iek khwxI muqæwibkæ muqæwibkæ gurU jI dy nwl v`fI igxqI ivc GoVy sn Aqy au~Qy gurU jI nUM GoiVAW vwsqy cwrw jW hrw Gwh nhIN sI iml sikAw[ iek ikswn ny gurU jI nUM d`isAw ik ie`Qy qW su`kIAW vylW hI hn[ khwxI muqæwibkæ auh su`kIAW vylW gurU jI dy ‘vr’ nwl hrIAW ho geIAW sn[ gurU dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw hrIAW vylW bixAw hoieAw hyY[ ies gurduAwry dI kwiemI ivc sB qoN v`fw ih`sw jQydwr inhwl isMG (qruxw dl) ny pwieAw sI[

     bjrOV ipMf nwl iek hor Aihm ieiqhwsk Gtnw juVI hoeI hY[15 mwrc 1701 dy idn ‘dVp’ dyS (rwvI qy JnW dy ivckwrlw ielwkw) dI sMgq gurU swihb dy drSn krn vwsqy AnMdpur swihb AweI qW rwh ivc bjrOV dy gu`jrW qy rMGVW ny lu`t leI sI[ ienHW is`KW iv`coN bhuq Ajy bhuqy pwhulIey nhIN sn[ ies kr ky aunHW kol ikrpwnW nhIN sn qy auh lutyirAW qoN bcwA nhIN kr sky sn[ jd auh AnMdpur pu`jy qW gurU swihb ny aunHW dI hwlq vyK ky swihbzwdw AjIq isMG qy BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ivc iek sO is`KW ƒ bjrOV dy lutyirAW ƒ szw dyx vwsqy ByijAw sI[ 17 mwrc 1701 dy idn ienHW ny bjrOV pu`j ky ipMf dy lutyirAW dy muKIAW ic`qU qy im`qU ƒ s^q szw id`qI sI[ ies Gtnw qoN mgroN iPr koeI iSkwieq AnMdpur nhIN phuMcI sI[ ies dy nyVy dy iek ipMf b`sI klW (jo ies dy nyVy hI hY) dI khwxI ies qoN vKrI hY; kuJ lyKk dohW ipMfW nUM rl-g`f kr dyNdy hn {hrIAW vylW dIAW qsvIrW vwsqy DMnvwd bIbI hrpwl kOr inaUXwrk, AmrIkw}. 

hor vyKo: b`sI klW.

 

gurU hr rwie swihb dI Xwwd ivc gurduAwrw hrIAW bylW

 

b`sI klW ivc mwry gey is`KW dy bjrOV ivc sskwr vwlI QW ’qy bixAw gurduAwrw ShIdW

bwjk

 izlHw biTMfw ivc (biTMfw qoN 25 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy jnvrI 1706 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI iKdrwxy dI Fwb (hux muksqr) qoN ig`dVbwhw huMdy hoey qlvMfI swbo jWidAW hoey ruky sn[ grU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY

 

bYjnwQ

 kWgVw qoN qkrIbn 55 iklomItr dUr kdy kIVgrwm nW dw iek ngr v`sdw sI[ Aj klH kIVgrwm dw nW bYjnwQ hY (pRwcIn bYjnwQ mMdr kr ky)[ AwpxI qIjI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb bYjnwQ vI gey sn[  aunHIN idnIN aus ielwky ivc kIV kOm dI hkUmq sI qy kIVgrwm ngr aus rwj dI rwjDwnI sI[ pihloN kIVW dI hkUmq bhuq swry ielwky ivc sI[ mgroN aunHW dw inGwr SurU ho igAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI aunHW dw swrw ielwkw kWgVy dy rwijAW ny Koh ilAw sI[ vkq bIqx nwl kIVgrwm dw iklHw Aqy mihl vI Fih gey sn[ iPr ies jgh dw nW vI kIVgrwm dI jgh, bYjnwQ dy mMdr dy nW ’qy, bYjnwQ hI v~jx lg ipAw sI[

     jdoN gurU nwnk swihb au~Qy gey sn qW kIVgrwm suhxw Sihr sI[ au~QoN dy rwjy ny gurU swihb Aqy BweI mrdwnw nUM Awpxy Gr Kwxy ’qy sidAw sI[ gurU swihb ny rwjy nUM ‘Drm dw rwjw’ bxn dI isiKAw idqI sI qy ikhw sI ik qUM jdoN qk ‘Drm dw rwjw’ rhyNgw qyrw rwj kwiem rhygw[

     kIVgrwm dw izkr AwrkIAwloijst AlYZzYNdr kinMGm ny vI AwpxI Koj ivc kIqw hY[ jvwlwmuKI, kWgVw Aqy kIVgrwm (bYjnwQ) ivc pRwcIn mMdr qW mOjUd hn pr gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY[ hwlW ik ieh irAwsq keI swl mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kbzy ivc vI rhI sI qy aus ny mMdrW ’qy mxW mUhI sonw qW cVHwieAw sI, pr ies ielwky ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI koeI vI Xwdgwr qk nhIN sI bxweI.

bYjnwQ dw pRwcIn iSv mMidr

 

bwhIAw

 

1. bweI ipMfW dw iek`T
2. pMjwb dy mwlvw ielwky ivc brwV* brwdrI dy 22 ipMfW nUM ^ws qOr ’qy bwhIAw kihMdy hn[ ieh ipMf kul cMd dI AOlwd kol (pUhlw, pUhlI, lihrw bygw, iF`lvW, mwVI mwnW vwlI), kwlw dI AOlwd kol (nQwxw, gMgw, burj f`lw), sMdlI dI AOlwd kol (kilAwx nW dy pMj ipMf: kilAwx su`Kw, kilAwx mlkw, kilAwx s`dw, b`joAwxw, kwxI BYxI), krmcMd dI AOlwd kol (lihrw nW dy cwr ipMf: lihrw Kwxw, lihrw muh`bq, lihrw soNDw, lihrw DUVkot, ig`dV, nQpurw, CMnw, bwT), symw dI AOlwd kol (symw ipMf) nW dy brwVW dy vwirsW kol sn; (bwbw mihrwj dy nW ’qy v`isAw) mihrwj/mrHwJ ipMf swirAW dw sWJw sI[ hux ienHW ivcoN keI ipMf ngr bx cuky hn Aqy keI nvyN ipMf Awbwd ho cuky hn[ nQpurw, gMgw nQwxw, mVHI, iJVI, kuVI vwlw kotlw koVIAW vwlw, idAwlpurw imrzw ipMf vI iesy ielwky ivc pYNdy hn[ ieh ipMf do qihsIl, nQwxw Aqy rwwmpurw, ivc AwauNdy hn[ hux ienHW ivc hor bhuq swrIAW brwdrIAW Aqy zwqW dy lok Awbwd ho cuky hn. *hor vyKo: brwV.

bhwvlpur (ngr qy irAwsq)

 

bhwvlpur dw ielwkw pRwcIn siBAqw dw ielwkw hY[ ie`Qy p`qn mInwrw ivc isMD GwtI dy smyN dI siBAqw dy smyN dIAW inSwnIAW imldIAW hn[ AlYZzYNdr kinMGm dw i^Awl hY ik ieh Xudyh slqnq dw ielwkw sI[ies vkq bhwvlpur p`CmI pMjwb dw iek ngr Aqy izlHw hY[ kdy ieh Awzwd irAwsq huMdI sI[ ies irAwsq dI nINh dwaUd A`bwsI ny sMn 1609 ivc r`KI sI[ bhwvlpur ngr dI nINh  iSkwrpur (isMD) dy nvwb bhwvl Kwn (jo dwaUd dw poqrw sI) ny sMn 1748 ivc r`KI sI[ sMn 1785 ivc Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dy jrnYl srdwr ^wn ny ies ngr ’qy hmlw kr ky ies dw bhuq nukswn kIqw sI[ ies smyN ieQoN dy hwkm pirvwr ny bhwvlpur qoN 130 iklomItr dUr coilsqwn ielwky ivc fyrwvV iklHw ivc pnwh lY leI sI (ieh iklHw 9vIN sdI dw ieh fyrw rwvl iklw sI ijs dIAW kMDW 30 Pu`t aucIAW hn, dI murMmq sMn 1747 ivc nvwb swidk muhMmd ny krvweI sI)[ ies smyN du`rwnI &OjW 60 hzwr rupY qwvwn lY ky vwips clIAW geIAW sn[ sMn 1802 ivc nvwb muhMmd bhwvl ^wn vyly ieh iek Awzwd irAwsq mMinAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN frdy nvwb bhwvl ^wn ny 22 &rvrI 1833 dy idn AMgRyzW nwl Aihdnwmw kr ilAw sI[ audoN bhwvlpur ngr dI AwbwdI qkrIbn 20 hzwr sI[ ies mgroN ieh ngr vpwr dw iek v`fw kyNdr bx igAw sI[ id`lI Aqy AMimRqsr qoN kpVw Aqy hor cIzW ie`Qy ivkx vwsqy Awaux lg peIAW sn[ sMn 1878 ivc AMgrzW dI mdd nwl ie`Qy isMD dirAw ‘qy 4285 Pu`t lMbw pul bxwieAw igAw sI[ sMn 1886 ivc ie`Qy sdIk eIjrtn kwlj Aqy sMn 1925 ivc ieslwmIAw XUnIvristI bxweI geI sI[ sMn 1898 ivc ie`Qy do hspqwl bxwey gey sn[ dUjI sMswr jMg ivc ie`QoN dy nvwb ny AMgRyzW dI bhuq mdd kIqI sI[

     sMn 1947 dI vMf mgroN 7 AkqUbr 1947 dy idn ieh pwiksqwn dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[  Bwrq qoN hzwrW dI igxqI ivc Awey muslmwn mhwjrW nUM nvwb ny bhuq shUlqW dy ky vswieAw sI[ sMn 1955 ivc bhwvlrpur irAwsq ^qm ho geI sI Aqy pMjwb sUby dw ih`sw bx igAw sI[pr ie`QoN dy nvwb nUM nvwb dw drjw Aqy 32 l`K rupY swlwnw vzI&w imldw irhw sI[

     ies irAwsq dw rkbw 45911 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ bhwvlpur izLHy dw rkbw 21765 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ ies dIAW pMj qihsIlW hn: bhwvlpur, Aihmdpur SrkæIAw, hwislpur, ^Yrpur twmyvwl, Xzmwn[ sMn 2017 dI mrdmSumwrI muqæwibkæ bhwvlpur ngr dI AwbwdI 7 l`K 62 hzwr qoN vD hY[ bhwvlpur izlHy dI AwbwdI 36 l`K 68 hzwr qoN vD hY[ ie`QoN dI bolI pMjwbI qy srwiekI hY (jo pMjwbI dI aup bolI hY)[ kw&I lok aurdU vI boldy hn[ ies ngr ivc do bhuq v`fy  purwxy mihl qy bhuq Swndwr iemwrqW mOjUd hn.

drrwvV iklHw

drwvV iklHy dy nyVy A`bwsI msijd

nUr mihl bhwvlpur

drbwr mihl bhwvlpur

bhwdurgVH

 pitAwlw qoN qkrIbn 6 iklomItr dUr (pMjwbI XUnIvristI dy nzdIk) iek purwxw iklHw ijs nUM muZl jrnYl nvwb sY&dIn ny sMn 1658 ivc bxwieAw sI[ ies iklHy dw rkbw qkrIbn 21 mur`bw iklomItr hY[ gurU qyZ bhwdur swihb AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn iek vwr  ies jrnYl nUM imlx Awey sn Aqy aus kol Tihry sn[ mgroN sMn 1837 ivc mhwrwjw krm isMG pitAwlw ny sY&dIn dI AOlwd nUM jwgIr Aqy nkd rkm dy ky ies iklHy nUM ^rId ky ies dI murMmq krvweI sI Aqy ies dw nW gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb  dy nW ’qy bhwdrgVH r`K id`qw sI[ hux ieh iklHw kw&I ^sqw hwlq ivc hY; auN\ ies dw iek ih`sw pulIs dy d&qrW vwsqy vriqAw jw irhw hY[ ies iklHy ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw iek v`fw gurduAwrw iklHy qoN qkrIbn 200 mItr dUr muK sVk ’qy bxwieAw igAw hY.

iklHy dw muK duAwr

 

iklHy dIAW dIvwrW dI hwlq

 iklHy dy AMdr vwlw gurduAwrw

 

muK sVk ’qy nvW gurduAwrw

bZdwd bZdwd

 ieh ierwk mulk dI rwjDwnI hY[ ieh ngr bYbIlon siBAqw dy pRwcIn ngr Ak`fIAn dIAW QyhW dy nyVy, itgirs dirAw dy kMFy ’qy visAw hoieAw hY[ mukwmI lokW muqæwibkæ ies ngr dy nW dw ArQ hY: dyvqw/^udw dw id`qw hoieAw ngr: (bg=dyvqw, ^udw)+dwd=id`qw hoieAw)[

     ieh Arb jgq dw dUjw v`fw ngr hY; sMn 2022 ivc ies dI AwbwdI qkrIbn 81 lK sI[  ies ngr dw mu`F kdoN b`Jw ies bwry v`K-v`K ivcwr hn[ keI ies nUM pihlI sdI qoN v`sxw SurU hoieAw mMndy hn[ iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ ies ngr nUM ^lI&w Al mnsUr ny sMn 762 ivc vswauxw SurU kIqw sI[ audoN ies dI auswrI ivc iek l`K lokW ny ih`sw ilAw sI[ SurU ivc ieh ngr isr& 2 rkbw iklomItr dy dwiery ivc v`isAw sI[ pihlW ies ngr dy duAwly cwr dIvwrW sn ijnHW dy nW sn: ku&w, bsrwm Kurwswn, sIrIAw[ ieh drAsl ienHW ieiqhwsk ngrW v`l KulHdy drvwizAW dIAW idSWwvW dy nW sn[ATvIN sdI qk ie`Qy bhuq swry ipMf Awbwd ho cuky sn[ ATvIN qy nOvIN sdI ivc ieh ngr ividAw dw bVw v`fw kyNdr bx cukw sI[ dsvIN sdI qk ieQoN dI AwbwdI 12 l`K qoN 29 l`K dy ivckwr ho cukI sI[ sMn 812 ivc i^lw&q dI jMg dy sbMD ivc bZdwd nUM Gyrw pYx nwl ies Sihr dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[ iPr sMn 865 ivc, sMn 946 ivc, sMn 1157 ivc, sMn 1258 ivc (mMgolW dw kbzw),  sMn 1393 ivc Aqy sMn 1401 ivc (dovyN qYmUr lMg dy hmilAW ivc), sMn 1534 ivc  ausmwnIAw (AOtomn) rwijAW dy kbzy vyly, sMn 1625 ivc ausmwnIAw (suMnI) dI s&vId (SIAw) kbIilAW nwl jMg ivc bZdwd ngr dI bhuq qbwhI hoeI sI[ qYmUr ny qW ie`Qy bhuq v`fw kæqlyAwm kIqw sI[

     ienHW hmilAW qoN mgroN plyg qy hYzY ny bhuq swry bZdwd vwsIAW dI jwn leI sI[ ies nwl ngr dI do iqhweI AwbwdI ^qm ho geI sI[ ATwrHvIN sdI ivc ieh ngr dobwrw v`sxw SurU hoieAw sI[ sMn 1831 qoN 1867 auswmnIAw (AOtomn) rwijAW AlI rzw pwSw qy mihmUd nmIk pwSw ny ies ’qy hkUmq kIqI sI[ sMn 1917 ivc brqwnIAw ny ieh ngr ausmwnIAW qoN Koh ilAw sI[ sMn 1920 ivc ieh nvyN mulk ‘mYswpotwmIAw’ dI rwjDwnI bx igAw sI[ sMn 1932 ivc ieh ‘ikMgfm Aw& ierwk’ dI rwjDwnI bx igAw sI[ sMn 1941 ivc rwiSd AlI dI bZwvq kwrn ie`Qy jrmn Aqy ietlI dy ihmwieqIAW dw kbzw ho igAw sI; pr ieh kbzw isr& 2 mhIny hI irhw sI[ aus vyly bZdwd dI AwbwdI iek l`K 45 hzwr sI, jo sMn 1950 ivc 5 l`K 80 hzwr ho cukI sI[ 14 julweI 1958 dy idn ierwkI &Oj ny bZwvq kr ky rwjw &Ysl, aus dy Sihzwdy qy pRweIm minstr qy aunHW dy pirvwrW nUM ^qm kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN &Oj dI hkUmq rhI sI; sMn 1979 qoN ies ’qy s`dwm husYn dw kbzw irhw sI[ ies kwl ivc ierwn-ierwk jMg ivc bZdwd dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[ sMn 1991 Aqy 2003 dI gl&-jMg Aqy iPr 2003 dy AmrIkw dy hmly mgroN s`dwm dw q^qw plitAw igAw sI Aqy bZdwd iek vwr iPr qbwh ho igAw sI[ ies smyN ivc ie`QoN dy Ajwieb Gr lu`ty gey sn Aqy ie`QoN dI nYSnl lwiebryrI vI qbwh ho geI sI[

     bZdwd dw is`K ieiqhws nwl vI sbMD hY[ sMn 1520 ivc gurU nwnk swihb m`kw mdInw qoN muVidAW ie`Qy ruky sn[ m~kw qoN mdInw qkrIbn 480 iklomItr hY, mdInw qoN bsrw koeI 1000 iklomItr hY qy bsrw qoN krblw 250 iklomItr hY[ krblw qoN bgdwd isr& 100 iklomItr rih jWdw hY[ bgdwd ivc aunHIN idnIN eIrwn dy bwdSwh AbU Al-muz`&r ibn hYdr As-s&vI (17.7.1487–23.5.1524), ijs nUM Swh iesmweIl vI kihMdy hn, dI hkUmq sI[ aus ny julweI 1501 ivc AzrbweIXW dy bwdSwh nUM hrwieAw sI qy bwkU qy kbzw kr ky Awp bwdSwh bx bYTw sI[ aus ny qbrIz nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI bxieAw sI[ sMn 1509 qk aus ny swry ierwk qy ierwn ’qy vI kbzw kr ilAw sI[ auh bVw D~kw-Kor SIAw muslmwn sI; lok aus qoN bhuq duKI sn[ pr, auh iek cMgw AdIb vI sI; aus ny 1450 nzmW ilKIAW sn[

     bgdwd phuMc ky gurU swihb Sihr dy bwhr aus jgh ruky sn ij`QoN  bgdwd dw rylvy stySn qkrIbn 2 iklomItr dUr hY[ ies dy nyVy hI iek purwxw kbirsqwn vI hY[ gurU swihb ny kuJ icr Arwm krn mgroN kIrqn SurU kr idqw sI[ gurU swihb ny Sbd gWivAw sI: pwqwlw pwqwl lK Awgwsw Awgws[... kIrqn dI Awvwz sux ky keI lok iek`Ty ho gey[ ienHW ivc iek isAwxw muslmwn pIr dsqgIr vI sI[ gurU swihb dy ies slok qy pIr dsqgIr ny gurU swihb nwl crcw kIqI sI[ ies QW ’qy iek KUh vI sI, ijs dw pwxI ielwky dy swry KUhW dy pwxIAW qoN vD im`Tw sI; lokW ivc ieh pRcwr ho igAw sI ik ies KUh dw pwxI gurU nwnwk swihb ny im`Tw kIqw sI[ ierwkI lokW ivc ies KUh dI bhuq mwnqw bx geI sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik jdoN s`dwm husYn nUM ies KUh dI mwnqw dw pqw l`gw qW aus ny ieh KUh pUrn dw hukm dy id`qw sI. hor vKo: bihlol.

sMn 767 qoN sMn 912 qk dw bZdwd dw nkSw

 

bZdwd dw itgirs dirAw

bZdwd dI purwxI dIvwr dy ngr dy drvwzy

 

 

bZdwd ngr dw hux dw idRS

 

bZdwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwdgwr

 

 

bZdwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwdgwr (2)

 

bZdwd ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc l`gw p~Qr jo mgroN Zwieb kr id`qw igAw sI

bGor/ bwgor

 rwijsQwn ivc BIlvwV izlHw ivc mMfl qihsIl ivc koTwrI ndI dy kMFy ’qy iek ngr (Ajmyr qoN 160 Aqy audXpur qoN 145 iklomItr dUr)[ 30 AkqUbr 1706 dy idn ivc gurU goibMd isMG muZl bwdSwh AOrMgzyb nUM imlx vwsqy qlvMfI swbo qoN d`Kx v`l c`ly sn[ sMn 1707 dy mwrc mhIny ivc auh ies ngr ivc pu`jy sn[ ie`Qy dieAw isMG qy Drm isMG gurU jI nUM Aw imly sn Aqy disAw sI ik aunHW ny ikMnI muSikl nwl AOrMgzyb nUM gurU swihb dw ^q phuMcwieAw sI[ aunHW ny gurU swihb nUM d`isAw sI ik AOrMgzyb ny auh ic`TI pVH ky quhwfy (gurU jI) nwl mulwkwq dI ^wihS dw iezhwr kIqw sI Aqy Awpxy do AihdIey qy gurjbrdwr id`lI nUM Byjy sn qW jo id`lI dw sUbydwr quhwfy AOrMgwbwd pu`jx dw ieMqzwm kr dyvy[ gurU jI ny aunHW dI g`l sux ky ikhw ik hux AOrMgzyb nwl Swied myrw myl nhIN ho skxw ikauNik aus dy swh hux pUry hox vwly hn[ ies dy bwvjUd gurU swihb A`gy v`l cl pey sn[ 20 &rvrI 1707 dy idn AOrMgzyb dI mOq ho geI sI[ 19 mwrc 1707 dy idn jd gurU jI kolwieq pu`jy qW aunHW nUM aus dI mOq dI ^br imlI[ ies mgroN gurU swihb (534 iklomItr dUr) Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) cly gey sn[bwgor ielwky ivc pihlW koeI is`K pirvwr nw rihMdw hox kr ky koeI Xwdgwr nhIN bx skI sI, hux gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw klgIDr’ bxwieAw igAw hY.

bwgVIAW

 izlHw mlyrkotlw (pihloN izlHw sMgrUr) dw iek ipMf (mlyrkotlw-nwBw mwrg ’qy, mlyrkotlw qoN 18 iklomItr dUr) , ijhVw BwrI rUpcMd dI kul dy BweI godVIAw dy smyN qoN ies kul dy lokW dw j`dI ipMf hY[ BweI godVIAw (pu`qr idAwl isMG qy poqw Drm isMG) BweI rUp cMd dw pVpoqw sI (aus dw nW gu`dV isMG iliKAw  vI imldw hY)[ BweI godVIAw Awpxy ipqw idAwl isMG kol ipMf kWgV dy nyVy bxy fyry ivc rih ky is`KI dw pRcwr kirAw krdw sI (mgrN ie`Qy iek ipMf vs igAw sI, ijs dw nW idAwl isMG dy nW ’qy ‘idAwlpurw BweI kw’ bx igAw sI)[ mhwrwjw Awlw isMG dy smyN (sMn 1765 dy krIb) gud`V isMG ies idAwlpurw qoN bwgVIAW ipMf ivc Aw igAw sI[ PUlkIAW ^wndwn dy rwjy BweI rUp cMd pirvwr dI bhuq ie`zq kirAw krdy sn Aqy ienHW dy muKIAW nUM Dwrimk kwrjW ivc AgvweI krn (iek qrHw nwl puroihq dI syvw inBwaux) vwsqy bulwieAw krdy sn[ mhwrwj gjpq isMG dy Gr bytI pYdw hox mgroN aus nUM GVy ivc pw ky d`b ky ^qm kIqy jwx dI koiSS qoN bcwaux dI khwxI ivc ies pirvwr dy gu`dV isMG dy Xogdwn dw izkr AwauNdw hY[

     gu`dV isMG Aqy aunHW dI pqnI mweI r`jI dI koeI sMqwn nhIN sI[ aus dw muqbMnw bIr isMG Aqy aus qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr hrdws isMG, aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr mohr isMG (mOq sMn 1819), aus dw muqbMnw bhwdr isMG, aus dw pu`qr sMpUrn isMG, aus dw pu`qr nwrwiex isMG; aus dw muqbMnw Arjn isMG, aus dw pu`qr Ardmn isMG, aus dw v`fw pu`qr hirDn isMG ies g`dI nwl sbMDq rhy sn[hirDn isMG dy clwxw kr jwx (29.11.1994) mgroN aus dw pu`qr juJwr isMG Aqy aus (hirDn isMG) dy Brw ASok isMG Aqy iskMdr isMG ies syvw nUM jwrI r`K rhy hn; pr hux ies pirvwr nwl sbMDq lokW ivcoN koeI vI ipMf bwgVIAW ivc nhIN rihMdw hwlWik auh ‘bwgVIAW g`dI’ dy syvwdwr zrUr AKvwauNdy hn[ bwgVIAW ivc iek g`dI vwlw Gr (bwgVIAW hvylI) Aqy mweI r`jI dw gurduAwrw A`j vI XwdgwrI AihmIAq rKdy hn.

bwgVIAW hvylI

 mweI r`jI dw gurduAwrw

bfru`KW

 sMgrUr qoN 5 iklomItr dUr (sMgrUr brnwlw mwrg ’qy) iek ipMf[ mukwmI irvwieq muqæwibkæ ie`Qy pMj in`ky in`ky ipMf sn ijnHW dy lok jINd dy mhwrwjw gjpq isMG kol gey sn Aqy aus nUM Arz kIqI sI ik aunHW dy ipMfW nUM fwkUAW qoN bcwieAw jwey[ aus ny ienHW ipMfW nUM iek`Tw kr ky ies dw nW bfruKW rK id`qw sI[sMn 1760 ivc aus ny kuJ smW ies nUM AwpxI rwjDwnI vI bxwieAw sI Aqy ie`Qy iek iklH-numw hvylI auswrI sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mwqw rwj kOr, rwjw gjpq isMG jINd dI puqrI sI[  iek irvwieq muqæwibkæ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw jnm Awpxy ies nwnky ipMf ivc hoieAw sI[  mhwrwjw  hIrw isMG nwBw qy BwrqI &Oj dy jrnYl hrb^S isMG dw jnm vI iesy ipMf ivc hoieAw sI[ ipMf vwsIAW ny ie`Qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw bu`q lwieAw hoieAw hY.

jINd dy rwjy gjpq isMG dI hvylI ijs ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw jnm hoieAw sI

 

bfru`KW ipMf ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw bu`q

bfI/bVI sMgq

 

v`fI Drmswlw: gurU swihb dy vyly ijs ngr jW ipMf ivc sMgqW dI igxqI bhuq huMdI sI, aus ipMf nUM bfI/bVI sMgq kihMdy sn[ ^ws kr ky au~qr pdyS, m`D pRdyS, bMgwl qy ibhwr ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dy smyN ivc ies Sbd dI vrqoN bhuq huMdI sI[ ij`Qy-ij`Qy sMgq bhuqI huMdI sI, au~Qy ijs jgh eynIAW sMgqW ie`kTIAW huMdIAW sn au~Qy-au~Qy v`fIAW Drmswlw kwiem ho geIAW sn[ AijhIAW QWvW, jo hux gurduAwrw bx cukIAW hn, bnwrs (nIcI bwZ ivc), burhwnpur, swswrwm (ies nUM tkswlI sMgq gurduAwrw vI kihMdy hn) Aqy kolkwqw (bVw bwzwr klk`qw ie`Qy kw`tn bwzwr ivc iek ‘gurduAwrw CotI sMgq’ vI hY) Awid A`j vI kwiem hn.

gurduAwrw bfI sMgq bnwrs

 

gurduAwrw bfI sMgq burhwnpur

 

gurduAwrw bfI (tkswlI) sMgq swswrwm (muK duAwr)

gurduAwrw bfI (tkswlI) sMgq (hvweI)

gurduAwrw bfI sMgq, bfw bwzwr, kolkwqw

 

gurduAwrw CotI sMgq, kw`tn bwzwr, kolkwqw

b`foN

(vyKo: bsI klW) hoiSAwrpr izlHy dI mwihlpur qihsIl ivc (mwihlpur qoN 21 qy hoiSAwrpur qoN 25 iklomItr dUr)mwrc 1703 ivc swihbzwdw AjIq isMG bsI klW dy pTwx qoN bRwhmx dI pqnI Cufw ky AnMdpur vwps muVidAW ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[ sQwnk irvwieq muqæwibkæ swihbzwdy nwl gey is`KW ivcoN krm isMG nW dw iek is`K vDyry z^mI hox kr ky ie`Qy ruk igAw sI[ aus  ny kuJ smW mgroN cVHweI kIqI sI[ aus dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ShId gMj bixAw hoieAw hY; pihlW Cotw ijhw mMjI swihb sI; sMn 1928 ivc kuMdn isMG ny v`fI iemwrq bxvw id`qI sI.

 

bf Kwlsw

 hirAwxw dy sonIpq izLHw dI rweI qihsIl ivc dwhIAw jwt ibrwdrI dw iek ipMf[ ies dw purwxw nW gVHI sI[ 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn cWdnI cOk id`lI ivc jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dw sIs k`itAw igAw sI qW rwq dy hnyry ivc aus sIs nUM BweI jYqw (jIvn isMG), aus dw ipqw AwigAw, BweI nwnU qy aUdw gurU jI dy sIs nUM au~QoN cu`k ky iek tokrI ivc pw ky BweI AwigAw dy Gr lY Awey sn Aqy jYqw, nwnU qy aUdw aus sIs nUM tokrI ivc r`K ky hI kIrqpur v`l nUM cly gey sn[ ausy rwq nUM BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw ny gurU jI dw DV auTw ky lY AWdw sI Aqy rkwb gMj vwlI QW ’qy sskwr kr id`qw sI[

     kuJ swl pihlW gVHI ipMf (hux bf Kwlsw) dy iek pirvwr ny iek khwxI GVI sI ik jdoN gurU jI dw sIs cWdnI cOk qoN Zwieb hoieAw qW muZl &Oj nUM pqw lg igAw Aqy &Oj BweI jYqw dy i`pCy cl peI[ jdoN jYqw qy aus dy swQI ies ipMf pu`jy qW KuSwl dwhIAw nUM pqw lg cukw sI ik &Oj aunHW nUM l`B rhI hY Aqy CyqI hI auh aus koloN sIs Koh ky id`lI vwips lY jweygI[ ies mOky ’qy KuSwl dwhIey ny Awpxy pu`qr nUM ikhw ik qUM myrw isr v`F ky cWdnI cOk r`K Aw[ ieM\ hI aus dw DV vI id`lI phuMcw id`qw igAw[ keI lok khwxI GV qW lYNdy hn pr aus dw koeI isr pYr nhIN bxWdy[ pihlI g`l qW ieh ik mMn lE ik muZl hwkmW nUM gurU jI dy sIs cu`ky jwx dI ^br iml geI sI, pr aus nUM kIrqpur jW AnMdpur iljwx dI ^br ikvyN imlI [ dUjw, b`f Kwlsw cWdnI cOk qoN 39 iklomItr qoN vI vD hY[ kuSwl dwhIAw dw isr v`F ky eynI dUr ikvyN phuMcwieAw igAw hovygw (g`fy rwhIN ik GoiVAW ’qy r`K ky jW iPr hYlIpwtr rwhIN)[ iPr ieh sIs ikMny icr ivc phuMicAw hovygw ik muZl &Oj nUM dobwrw isr ids ipAw hovygw Aqy aunHW jIvn isMG dy ip`Cy ByjI &Oj nUM vwips bulw ilAw hovygw (Swied mobweIl rwhIN)[

     keI lok khwxIAW GV qW lYNdy hn, pr aus ivc koeI dlIl, sbUq jW ivSvws kIqy jwx dw AMS nhIN Swiml kr skdy[ ieho ijhI khwxI hI hY ies b`f Kwlsw ipMf Aqy KuSwl dwhIAw dy isr v`F ky cWdnI cOk phuMcwey jwx dI[ ieh vI kmwl vyKo ik ies khwxI dw sMqoK isMG, igAwnI igAwn isMG, rqn isMG BMgU, kysr isMG iCbr, koier isMG, su`Kw isMG, hrI rwm gupqw, mYkwil&, gMfw isMG, &Ojw isMG Awid nUM vI pqw nhIN sI lg sikAw[ ieh mhwn Gtnw vIhvIN sdI dy dUjy A`D ivc hI “prgt” hoeI sI[ cyqy rhy ik pihlW iksy ilKwrI ny gurU jI dy sIs dI QW BweI jYqw dy ipqw dw isr v`F ky au~Qy r`Kx dI khwxI vI GVI sI (pr aus ilKwrI ny jYqy dy ipqw dw nW ‘sdw nMd’ iliKAw sI, jo ik Asl ivc ‘AwigAw’ sI)[ ies qoN ielwvw ipCly kuJ swlW ivc pihlW vI moqI rwm mihrw, hrSrn kOr, gMgU bRwhmx Awid vrgIAW ikMnIAW hI khwxIAW GVIAW jw cukIAW hn[ keIAW dy nW ’qy qW gurduAwry Aqy gyt vI auswr id`qy gey hn.

kwlpink KuSwl dwhIAw dy bu`q

 

ipMf ivc lwieAw kwlpink  khwxI dw borf

 

b`CoAwxw

mwnsw izlHy dI buFlwfw qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (buFlwfw qoN 7 qy mwnsw qoN 23 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb gey sn[ ipMf dIAW sMgqW ny gurU jI Aqy is`KW dI KulHy duD dhIN Awid nwl syvw kIqI sI[ ipMf ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

(gurduAwry dIAW qsvIrW vwsqy DMnvwd: gurivMdr DwlIvwl qlvMfI swbo qy gurjMt isMG mwnsw).

bwby dI byr

 

isAwlkot ngr ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw iek gurduAwrw[ sMn 1504 ivc jdoN gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI vwsqy c`ly sn qW auh isAwlkot vI gey sn[ gurU jI Aqy BweI mrdwnw jI nyie`Qy sB qoN pihlW ies byrI hyT bYT ky kIrqn SurU kIqw sI ijs nUM suxn vwsqy lok ie`kT ho gey sn[ BweI mUlw vI gurU jI nUM iesy QW ’qy byrI hyTW Aw ky imilAw sI[

     mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies gurduAwry dy nW ies 50 ivGy zmIn lweI sI[ aus vyly ieh in`kw ijhw gurduAwrw sI[ mgroN ies dI iemwrq ivc bhuq vwDw kIqw igAw sI[ sMn 1920 qk ies gurduAwry au~qy audwsI mhMqW dw kbzw sI Aqy aunHW ny ies nUM ^wndwnI jwiedwd bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ Akqubr 1920 ivc jdoN ie`QoN dw mhMq mr igAw qW is`KW ny ies ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ sMn 1920 ivc SurU hoeI gurduAwrw suDwr lihr (AkwlI lihr) dOrwn ies QW ’qy kbzw krnw ies lihr dI pihlI kwmXwbI sI (vyKo: bwby dI byr morcw).

     sMn 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf hox kwrn is`KW nUM ihjrq krnI peI sI qW pwiksqwn dy hor gurduAwirAW vW| ieh gurduAwrw vI aujwV bx igAw sI[ qkrIbn 65 swl mgroN id`lI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDwn s. prmjIq isMG srnw dIAW koiSSW kwrn pwiksqwn srkwr vloN ies gurduAwry dI murMmq krvweI geI sI[ hux ieh bhuq Swndwr iemwrq bx cukI hY. hor vyKo: isAwlkot.

bwby dI byr gurduAwrw 2012 dw idRS

 

bwby dI byr 2017 dw idRS

 

bwby dI byr dw hvweI idRS:

 

 

bwby dI byr morcw

 

gurduAwrw bwby dI byr (isAwlkot) dw mhµq hrnwm isµG 26 sqµbr 1918 dy idn mr igAw sI[ aus dw jWnSIn Qwpx bwry JgVw cl irhw sI[ mhµq dI mOq ip`CoN aus dy bwp pRym isµG ny Awpxw nwbwlg poqw gurcrn isµG ‘‘g`dIdwr’’ bxw id`qw sI qy 8 nvµbr 1918 dy idn g`dI-nSInI dw smwgm r`K ilAw sI[ mukwmI is`KW ny ies dI mu^wl&q kIqI sI qy fI.sI. q`k phuµc kIqI sI[ fI.sI. ny pihlW qW is`KW dw swQ id`qw sI pr mgroN cup-cwp gurcrn isµG dy nW qy jmHWbµdI kr id`qI sI[ jmHWbµdI dI ieh kwrvweI 6 meI 1919 dy idn hoeI sI[ ies dOrwn bzurg pRym isµG vI mr cu`kw sI[ gurcrn isµG Ajy nwbwlg sI[ ies ’qy isµG sBw (mgroN Kwlsw dIvwn) isAwlkot ny fI.sI. ƒ iml ky ikhw ik gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm sµgqW ƒ sONp id`qw jwvy[ ies bwry iek 15 mYNbrI kmytI bxweI jwey, ijs ivc pMj mYNbr Kwlsw dIvwn dy, pMj isµG sBwvW dy (hr qihsIl coN iek), do mYNbr isAwlkot dI mukwmI sµgq dy, do is`K jwgIrdwrW dy numwieµdy qy iek numwieµdw mhµqW dw hovy[ ieh kmytI hI mhµq ƒ nwmzd kry Aqy gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm vI kry[ Ajy ieh g`lbwq cl rhI sI ik iek idn swbk mhµq dI ivDvw ny iek piqq gµfw isµh aubrwey ƒ Awpxy nwbwlg pu`qr dw gwrfIAn Aqy gurduAwry dw mYnyjr lw id`qw sI[ is`KW ivc ies dy i^lw& hor vI s^q roh pYdw hoieAw sI[ bhuq swry is`KW ny gvrnr, kimSnr qy fI.sI. ƒ ^q Aqy qwrW Byj ky Awpxw roh zwihr kIqw sI[ is`KW ny mhMq dIAW nwcIAW nwl iKcvweIAW &otoAW vI A&srW nUM pyS kIqIAW sn[ ies ’qy srkwr ny A`KW pUµJx vwsqy pVqwlIAw A&sr qwienwq kr id`qw sI[ kimSn dI rsmI irport mgroN srkwr ny pRym isµG dI hI mhµqI mµn leI qy pRotYst dy bwvjUd gµfw isµh aubrwey ƒ jwiedwd dw mYnyjr bxw id`qw sI[ is`KW ny gµfw isµh dy i^lw& muihµm SurU kr id`qI sI[ kuJ idnW dy Tµfy JgVy mgroN 23 julweI ƒ is`KW ny iek 11-mYNbrI kmytI bxw ky gurduAwry dI syvw SurU kr id`qI sI[ ies kr ky kuJ icr ZYr-XkInI hwlq cldI rhI sI[ 20 Agsq dy idn Adwlq ny PYslw id`qw ik is`K 50 hzwr rupey kort &Is lw ky 10 idn dy Aµdr-Aµdr dwAvw dwier krn[ is`K AwgUAW ny ieh &Is Brn dI QW AYjItySn krn dw &Yslw kr ilAw sI[ ies dOrwn gurduAwry dI syvw-sµBwl is`K jQy kol hI rhI sI[

sqµbr dy dUjy A`D ivc bwby dI byr dw mslw Pyr BK ipAw sI[ 21 sqµbr dy idn mocI drvwzw lwhOr ivc is`KW dw iek iek`T hoieAw sI[ pµj hzwr is`KW dy ies iek`T ivc pRym isµG soFI, srdUl isµG kvISr, mw: moqw isµG, ig: Syr isµG vZYrw pu`jy sn[ ies iek`T ny piqq mhµq gµfw isµh dy i^lw& mqw pws kIqw sI[ ies bwry ^brW vwiesrwey q`k vI phuµcIAW sN[ ies ’qy vwiesrwey ny gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm is`KW dy hvwly krn bwry hW p`KI rv`eIAw drswieAw sI[ ies mwhOl ivc is`KW dw iek iek`T isAwlkot ivc 5 AkqUbr ƒ bulw ilAw igAw sI[ sqµbr dy A^Ir ’c iek pµj mYNbrI kmytI bxw id`qI geI sI qy srkwr Aqy mhMq nUM gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm ies kmytI nUM sµBwlx vwsqy AwiKAw igAw sI[ ieh pµj jxy sn: Bwg isµG, jvwhr isµG, nwnk isµG, rwm isµG qy mhW isµG[ ienHW idnHW ivc hI crcw sI ik vwiesrwie ny vI ieh slwh id`qI sI ik gµfw isµh piqq mYnyjr ƒ htw ky gurduAwry dw ieµqzwm is`KW ƒ dy id`qw jwvy, pr mgroN srkwr ny &Yslw bdl ilAw sI[ ies kr ky ifptI kimSnr ny is`KW dI kmytI ƒ kbUl krn dI jgh ienHW pµjW dy vwrµt jwrI kr id`qy sn[ iesy rwq gurduAwry ’c BwrI dIvwn hoieAw sI[ dIvwn ny mqw pws kIqw sI ik is`K igR&qwrIAW dy dyx, pr zmwnq nw krvwaux[ Agly idn isµGW ny igR&qwrI dy id`qI sI[ A^Ir aunHW ƒ 4 AkqUbr ƒ ibnW Srq irhw kr id`qw igAw sI[ rwq ƒ gurduAwry ’c BwrI dIvwn hoieAw sI[ ies dIvwn ivc KVk isµG reIs (mgroN bwbw KVk isMG) dI sdwrq hyT gurduAwry dy ieµqzwm vwsqy 13 is`KW dI iek kmytI bxw id`qI geI sI[ BwvyN hor ku`J icr byXkInI dw mwhOl cldw irhw sI pr A^Ir ie`Qy is`KW dw p`kw kbzw ho igAw sI

quV

 izlHw qrnqwrn dI KfUr qihsIl dw iek ipMf (qrnqwrn qoN 14, KfUr qoN 12, Kwn rjwdw qoN qkrIbn 4 iklomItr dUr)[ gurU AMgd swihb jd KfUr swihb ivc sn qW iek vwr Aijhw smW vI AwieAw ik kw&I smW au~Qy mINh nhIN ipAw sI[ aus vyly KfUr ivc (Aj dy AKOqI swDW, sMqW, bwibAW, mhWpurKW, bRhmigAwnIAW vrgw) dwdU nW dw iek pwKMfI qpw vI rihMdw sI[ gurU swihb dy au~Qy Awaux mgroN aus dI T`gI clxI bMd ho geI sI qy lok aus nUM mUMh nhIN sn lwauNdy[ aus ny mINh nw pYx dy ies kudrqI hukm nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& vrqx dI nIAq nwl lokW ivc ieh prcwr krnw SurU kr idqw ik jd qk gurU swihb aus ipMf ivc mOjUd hn mINh nhIN pvygw[ ieh prcwr sux ky kuJ lok gurU swihb kol Awey[ gurU swihb ny aunHW nUM smJwieAw ik swnUM vwihgurU dy Bwxy ivc rihxw cwhIdw hY[ lokW ny kuJ dyr hor aufIikAw qy A^Ir auh Pyr qpy kol cly gey[ qpy ny aunHW nUM gurU swihb dy i^lw& BVkwieAw[ qpy dI swizS nUM qwVidAW gurU swihb kuJ icr vwsqy KfUr C`f ky ipMf Kwn CwprI/CwpVI (^wn rjwdw dy nwl) cly gey (iek irvwieq muqwibk Awp ipMf quV gey sn qy sMgqW Awp nUM au~QoN ipMf CwpVI lY geIAW sn)[ gurU swihb dy jwx mgroN lokW ny qpy nUM mINh vswaux vwsqy X`g krn vwsqy ikhw[ qpy ny X`g dw pKMf kIqw pr X`gW/hvnW dy pwKMf nwl nw kdy kudrqI hukm bdly hn qy nw bdlxgy[ qpy ny kuJ icr lokW nUM byvkU& bxweI riKAw pr jd lokW nUM ieæhsws hoieAw ik auh qW dMBI pRcwr dw iSkwr ho gey sn qW aunHW ny gurU jI nUM Arz kr ky vwips KfUr lY AWdw[ quV ivc gurU AMgd swihb dI Xwd ivc pihlW in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI; pr hux bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY:

 

 

2. mShUr AkwlI AwgU jQydwr mohn isMG quV iesy ipMf dw sI. vyKo: mohx isMG quV.

qoSw ^wnw drbwr swihb

drbwr swihb (AMimRqsr) ivc drSnI ifauFI dy au~qy vwly kmry nUM ‘qoSw ^wnw’ ikhw jWdw hY[ ies ivc auh bhu kImqI swmwn ipAw hoieAw hY ijs nUM rwijAW mhwrwijAW Awid ny drbwr swihb nUM Byt kIqw sI[ ies ivc sony dy C`by, sony dy Cqr, sony dIAW CVIAW, kImqI rumwly, kImqI ishry,  sunihrI drvwzy, sonw cWdI dw hor bhuq swrw swmwn Aqy hor kImqI cIzW r`KIAW hoeIAW hn[ ie`Qy mdInw invwsI hwjI mskIn muhMmd v`loN sMn 1925 ivc Byt kIqw cMdn dy l`KW ryiSAW qoN iqAwr kIqw iek cOr vI ipAw hoieAw hY[ ies qoSw ^wnw ivc nvwb hYdrwbwd v`loN au~nIvIN sdI ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM Byt kIqI iek kImqI cwnxI vI sI (ijhVI BwrqI &Oj v`loN drbwr swihb ’qy 4 qoN 6 jUn 1984 qk kIqy hmly dOrwn golwbwrI nwl sV geI sI)[ ieh qoSw ^wnw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy smyN ivc SurU kIqw igAw sI; mgroN ies ivc hor swmwn vI Swiml huMdw igAw sI[ ies dIAW cwbIAW pihlW drbwr swihb dy srbrwh kol huMdIAW sn[ sMn 1921 ivc jdoN SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny mqw pws kr ky srbrwh nUM ieh cwbIAW pRDwn nUM sONpx vwsqy ikhw qW aus ny AMgryz hwkmW nUM ies dI ^br dy id`qI sI, ijs ’qy AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr ny auh cwbIAW Awpxy kbzy ivc lY leIAW sn[ ies D`ky dy i^lw& is`KW ny morcw lw id`qw sI Aqy igR&qwrIAW dyxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ A^Ir srkwr nUM hiQAwr su`txy pey sn Aqy cwbIAW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDwn nUM sONpxIAW peIAW sn. (q&sIl vwsqy vyKo: cwbIAW dw morcw).

 

qoSw ^wnw dy iek ih`sy dw idRS

qUq swihb gurduAwrw

 

AMimRqsr ivc, sulqwn ivMf ielwky dy mOjUdw jspwl ngr ivc gurU Arjn swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw[ gurU swihb ny iek vwr ie`Qy iek qUq dy dr^q hyT bYT ky Awrwm kIqw sI[ pr, hux auh dr^q nhIN irhw.

tokw swihb

 

hirAwxw Aqy ihmWcl dI srh`d ’qy gurduAwrw tokw swihb ihmWcl ivc pYNdw hY[ ies dy iek iklomItr ’qy ipMf totw hY jo hirAwxw dy izlHw AMbwlw dI nwrwiexgVH qihsIl ivc hY[ gurduAwry pu`jx vwsqy nwrwiexgVH qoN p`kI sVk bxI hoeI hY (jo ie`QoN 8 iklomItr dUr hY)[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies QW ’qy do vwr ruky sn: ApRYl 1685 ivc c`k nwnkI qoN nwhn jWidAW Aqy AkqUbr 1688 ivc pwaUNtw swihb qoN c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur) muVidAW[ jdoN gurU jI ny iek rwq ie`Qy pVwA kIqw qW lwhw ipMf dy rMGV muslmwnW ny gurU jI dI &Oj dy aUT curw ley sn[ jdoN auh PVy gey qW gurU jI ny aunHW nUM szw id`qI sI[ gurU jI ny ies ipMf dw nW lwhw (&wiedw) dI QW totw (qotw, Gwtw) r`K id`qw sI[ ie`Qy iek purwxw KUh vI hY.

iqqrsr gurduAwrw

 izlHw biTMfw ivc, biTMfw-mwnsw mwrg ’qy, biTMfw qoN 27, mwnsw qoN 28 Aqy mOV mMfI qoN qkrIbn 11 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf mweIsr^wnw ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr jI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI (sMn 1665 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI (sMn 1706 ivc)  qlvMfI swbo jWdy hoey ie`Qy ruky sn[ kdy ies QW ’qy iek toBw huMdw sI; hux aus dI QW ies srovr bxw id`qw igAw hY[ ies QW ’qy gurU swihb v`loN iek iq`qr dw iSkwr krn dI khwxI joVI hoeI hY:

 

it`lw jogIAW/ it`lw bwl guMdweI

 

p`CmI pMjwb ivc ijhlm dirAw dy nyVy, ijhlm qy dInw dohW ngrW qoN 25-25  iklomItr dUr, nmk dy phwVW ivc sB qoN au~cI cotI ’qy 975 mItr (3200 Pu`t) dI aucweI ’qy jogIAW dw iek kyNdr[ ies QW nUM koh-ie-bwlnwQ (bwl nwQ dw phwV), it`lw bwl nwQ, it`lw bwl guMdweI qy kMnPty jogIAW dw it`lw vI kihMdy hn[ie`Qy pihlw mMdr pihlI sdI (purwxw kwl) ivc bxwieAw igAw sI[ ieh vI ikhw jWdw hY ik aujYn dw rwjw BrQrI Aqy pUrn Bgq vI ie`Qy Awey sn (qy aunHW dIAW smwDW vI ie`Qy sn)[ jogI imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dy cyly hn[ ie`Qy iSv Aqy jogIAW dy 12 mMdr sn[ ies phwV ’qy iqMn qlwA sn[ iek purwxw qlwA sI qy iek muZl bwdSwh Akbr ny bxvwieAw sI; qIjw qlwA mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bxwey gurduAwry dy nyVy bxvwieAw sI[ hIr rWJw dI khwxI ivc vI ies it`ly dw Ais`Dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ mShUr AwrkIAwloijst AlYgzYNdr kinMGm vI sMn 1864 ivc ie`Qy AwieAw sI[ rohqws phwV qy iklHw ie`QoN 7 ku iklomItr dUr hn[

     AwpxI qIjI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb hsn Abdwl qoN cl ky rwvlipMfI huMdy hoey (hsn Abdwl qoN 150 iklomItr dUr Aqy rwvlipMfI qoN 110 iklomItr dUr) izlw ijhlm ivc jogIAW dy ies it`ly ’qy ruky sn[ ie`Qy gurU swihb ny jogIAW dy fyry qoN kuJ dUr bYT ky kIrqn SurU kr idqw sI[ jdoN jogIAW dy muKI nUM pqw lgw qW auh au~Qy pujw sI Aqy gurU swihb nwl Drm crcw kIqI sI[ it~lw jogIAW ’qy gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ au~Qy iek p~Qr qy gurU swihb dy pYr dw pMjw aukrvw ky (pMjw swihb dy ‘h`Q dy pMjy’ vWg) gurU swihb dI PyrI dI Xwdgwr dI inSwnI vI r`KI hoeI sI[ audoN keI QwvW ’qy AijhIAW, pYrW Aqy h~QW dIAW, inSwnIAW bxw ky Xwd kwiem rKx dw irvwz huMdw sI[ sMn 1947 ivc pMjwb dI vMf mgroN jogI Awpxy mMdr Aqy Aqy is`K gurduAwrw C`f ky pUrbI pMjwb cly gey sn[ sMn 2019 qoN ienHW XwdgwrW dI muV pu`C pVqwl hox l`gI hY.

 

it`lw jogIAW dIAW KMfr bxIAW iemwrqW:

 

gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG v`loN bxwey gurduAwry dw KMfr:

 

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG v`loN bxwieAw p`kw srovr

 

 

iqlkpur

 p`CmI pMjwb (pwiksqwn) ivc isAwlkot izlHw Aqy qihsIl ivc, isAwlkot qoN cprwr vwly pwsy, jMgmUr rof’qy, isAwlkot qoN 20 iklomItr dUr iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU nwnk swihb jMmU qoN isAwlkot jWidAW ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw gurUsr bixAw hoieAw sI[ sMn 1947 dI vMf qoN mgroN ies dI iemwrq Aqy zmIn ’qy lokW ny nwjwiez kbzy kr ley sn[ gurduAwry dI iemwrq dw zrw ku ih`sw hI bicAw hY[ iqlkpur qy kloXwpur do ipMf iblkul nwl-nwl hn Aqy iek hI jwpdy hn; kwnpr nW dw iek ipMf vI ienHW dy iblkul nwl hI lgdw hY

 

 

it`bI swihb

 ‘gurduAwrw it`bI swihb’ dy nW ’qy pMjwb ivc keI gurduAwry hn: 1. mukqsr (ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb 29 dsMbr 1705 dy idn mOjUd sn[ ieh khwxI pRcwrI geI hY ik iKdrwxy dI Fwb (hux mukqsr) vwlI QW ’qy jdoN mwJy dy cwlHI is`K srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn dI &Oj nwl lV rhy sn qW gurU jI ies QW qoN vzIr ^wn dI &Oj ’qy qIr clw rhy sn[ idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ies khwxI nUM pRcwrn vwly ieh nhIN dsdy ik cwlHI is`KW dy mwry jwx jW z^mI ho ky if`g pYx mgroN vzIr ^wn dI ^Oj ies it`bI vl ikauN nw AweI[ hkIkq ieh hY ik vzIr ^wn dI v`fI &Oj dI Awmd sux ky gurU jI qy aunHW dy nwl Aw rhy igxqI dy is`K ies it`bI vwlI QW ’qy Cup gey sn Aqy aus &Oj dy muVn mgroN iKdrwxy dI Fwb ’qy gey sn.

 

 

 

2. it`bI swihb bihbl klW 

(&rIdkot izlHw, kotkpUrw qihsIl ivc, kotkpUrw-jYqo mwrg ’qy, kotkpUrw Aqy jYqo dohW qoN qkrIbn 11 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU goibMd isMG jI 26 dsMbr 1705 dI svyr nUM Bgqw qoN cl ky srwvW jWdy hoey brgwVI Aqy bihbl klW ivc ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw it`bI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[

 

 

3. it`bI swihb jYqo: 

26 dsMbr 1705 dI rwq srwvW ivc ibqwaux mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI Agly idn 27 dsMbr nUM dopihr vyly jYqo pu`jy sn Aqy au~QoN kotkpUrw cly gey sn[ jYqo ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw it`bI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY (1923 qoN 25 qk ies gurduAwry vwsqy iek lMmw morcw c`ilAw sI, vyKo: jYqo morcw).

 

it`bw Abohr/ it`bw ABor

 

p`CmI pMjwb dy izlHw pwkptn ivc (pwkptn qoN 30 iklomItr dUr) pwkptn-Awir&vwlw mwrg ’qy, rMg Swh ipMf dy nwl lgdw ipMf, ‘it`bw ABor 1 eI.bI.’ hY[ gurU nwnk swihb mulqwn Aqy pwkptn jwx smyN ie`Qy ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ‘nwnksr’ bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies ivc iek KUh, iek bwaulI  Aqy iek srovr vI bxwey gey sn[ sMn 1947 ivc is`KW dy cly jwx mgroN ies ’qy pUrbI pMjwb qoN Awaux vwly mhwjrW (SrnwrQIAW) ny kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hOlI-hOlI ies dI iemwrq FihMdI geI sI[ sMn 1989 ivc pwiksqwnI srkwr ny ies dI murMmq krvweI sI[ ies gurduAwry dy nW ’qy bhuq v`fI jwgIr lgI hoeI hY.

T`Tw

 

izlHw qrnqwrn ivc (qrnqwrn qoN 17 qy AMimRqsr qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ ies ipMf qoN 2 iklomItr dUr bwbw bu`Fw dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY; ies nUM ‘bIV bwbw bu`Fw’ kihMdy hn[ ies QW bwbw bu`Fw dw invws sI:

 

     iek g`p khwxI muqwibk gurU Arjn swihb dI pqnI mwqw gMgw ies QW ’qy bwbw bu`Fw qoN pu`qr dI dwq mMgx AweI sI[ ieh khwxI isr& JUTI Aqy gurmiq dy ault hI nhIN blik gurU Arjn swihb Aqy mwqw gMgw dI byiezqI vI krdI hY[ pr ies dy bwvjUd bVI bySrmI nwl iek borf lw ky ieh g`p khwxI aus ’qy ilKI hoeI hY; hwlWik ies gurduAwry dw ieMqzwm SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI kol hY:

bIV bwbw bu`Fw ivc g`p khwxI vwlw borf:

 T`Tw 

&Irozpur izlHy dI zIrw qihsIl ivc (zIrw qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb gurU-dw-c`k (hux AMimRqsr) qoN frolI BweI jWdy ie`Qy ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

T`Tw/ T`Tw purwxw

kpUrQlw izlHw ivc (kpUrQlw qoN 10 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf[ gurU nwnk swihb sMn 1487 ivc AwpxI brwq nwl rwie Boie dI qlvMfI (hux nwnkwxw swihb) qoN btwlw jWdy ie`Qy ruky sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc  gurduAwrw dmdmw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY:

QyhVI

 izlHw mukqsr dI qihsIl ig`dVbwhw ivc iek ipMf (ig`dVbwhw qoN 9, mukqsr qoN 12 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy sMn 1706 ivc jnvrI mhIn dy pihly idnW ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI iKdrwxy dI Fwb qoN qlvMfI swbo jWidAW ruky sn[ gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw jMf swihb bixAw hoieAw hY; ies nUM gurduAwrw QyVHI swihb vI kihMdy hn[ ies ipMf nwl vI iek kwlpink khwxI joVI hoeI hY ik ie`Qy gurU jI ny Awpxy qIr nwl ipMf ivc bxI hoeI kwism B`tI nW dy PkIr dI kbr nUM slwm kIqw sI Aqy is`KW ny gurU jI nUM qn^wh lweI sI[ AijhI khwxI gurU jI v`loN nrYxw ipMf ivc dwdU dI smwD nUM qIr nwl slwm krn dI vI GVI hoeI hY.

gurduAwrw QyVHI swihb

Tskw ipMf

 izlHw kurukSyqr dI iphovw qihsIl dw iek ipMf (iphovw qoN iqMn qy kurUkSyqr qoN vIh iklomItr dUr)[ hux ies dw nW Tskw mIrWjI hY[ ie`QoN dw muslmwn &kIr BIKm Swh gurU goibMd isMG jI dw murId sI[ is`K  qvwrI^ ivc aus dw izkr BIKn Swh qy BIK Swh vjoN AwauNdw hY. vyKo: Swh BIK.

 Tskw mIrWjI ivc BIKm Swh dw mzwr

QVHw swihb gurduAwrw

ies nW dy Gto-Gt bwrHW gurduAwry hn:

1. auqrwKMf ivc bwgySvr ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw (vyKo: bwgySvr)

2. KfUr swihb ivc gurU AMgd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw (vyKo: KfUr swihb)
3. goieMdvwl ivc gurU Amr dws swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw (vyKo: goieMdvwl)
4. drbwr swihb dy Asl duAwr dy kol au~cI QW ij`Qy bYT ky gurU rwmdws swihb srovr Aqy Arjn swihb drbwr swihb bxwey jwx smyN sMgqW nwl sMboDn hoieAw krdy sI jW dIvwn sjwauNdy sI[ iesy QW ’qy 22 nvMbr 1664 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny vI dIvwn sjwieAw sI (vyKo: AMimRqsr)
5. ieAwlI klW/ AXwlI klW luiDAwxw (luiDAwxw qoN 11 iklomItr dUr) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw (vyKo: ieAwlI klW)
6. bwrwmUlw dy kol klwmpurw ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk kSmIr PyrI dOrwn gurU jI iSkwr krn smyN ie`Qy ibrwjy sn; nyVy iek cSmw vI hY
7. bwrwmUlw (kSmIr) ivc isMGpurw ipMf (bwrwmUlw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw
8. ipMf kmwlpurw (bwrwmUlw qoN 8 iklomItr dUr) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw; ie`Qy gurU jI bihlol nW dy iek &kIr nUM imly sn
9. gxySpur Bwrtw (izlHw huiSAwrpur) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw (ie`Qy gurU jI dw l`Ko nW dy iek XogI nwl myl hoieAw sI)
10. hzwrw ipMf (jlMDr dy nyVy) gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc (vyKo: hzwrw)
11. smwxw (pitAwlw izlHw) ivc gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw
12. AnMdpur ivc gurU dy mihl kMplYks ivc (dmdmw dy mUhry) QVHw bYT ky ij`Qy gurU jI sMgqW nUM drSn idAw krdy sn.

QWdy

 izlHw AMimRqsr dI vyrkw qihsIl ivc (AMimRqsr  Sihr qoN 2 iklomItr dUr) iek ipMf ij`Qy iek vwr gurU Arjn swihb vfwlI qoN Awey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw cub`cw swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry ivc gurmiq dI isiKAw dy ault iek borf vI l`gw hoieAw hY ijs ’qy ilKAw hY ik ik ‘ie`Qy pu`qrW dIAW dwqW imldIAW hn’[ ies gurduAwry ’qy kwbz lokW ny hyTW iek qih^wnw bxwieAw hoieAw hY, ijs nUM auh ‘Borw’ kihMdy hn[ ielwky ivc crcw hY ik ies ‘Bory’ ivc hox vwlIAW kwrvweIAW gurmiq dy ault hn[ Kwilsqwn lihr dw iek AwgU kwrj isMG QWdy (DrmI &OjI) iesy ipMf dw sI. {gurduAwry dI qsvIr vwsqy DMnvwd s.hrpwl isMG ‘isMG stUfIE’ AMimRqsr}.

QMB/QMm swihb

 auh gurduAwrw ijs ivcly iksy QMB/QMm/Qmly dw sbMD gur ieiqhws nwl hY jW ijhVw ikdy gurU ny Awpxy h`QIN lwieAw jW Awp luAwieAw sI[ ies nW dy keI gurduAwry hn:

1. krqwrpur ngr (izlHw jlMDr) dI nINh r`Kx smy gurU Arjn swihb ny twhlI dw QMm g`ifAw sI[ ies gurduAwry nUM Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dy jrnYl jhwn ^wn ny sMn 1757 ivc swV id`qw sI[ mgroN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy smyN mOjUdw iemwrq bxI sI {vyKo: krqwrpur (jlMDr)}
2. goieMdvwl ivc bIbI BwnI dy Gr ivc aus dI rsoeI dy nyVy iek QMm[ gurU Arjn swihb in`kw bwl huMidAW ies nUM PV ky KVHy hoieAw krdy sn
3. jMbr klW ipMf (lwhOr) ivc gurU AMgd swihb dI Xwd ivc {vyKo: jMbr klW}
4. fumylI (qihsIl, PgvwVw, izlHw kpUrQlw) ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc {vyKo: fumylI}
5. izlHw AMimRqsr ivc aUdoky ipMf ivc gurU nwnk swihb Aqy hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc (ies dw nW gurduAwrw koTw swihb vI jwixAw jWdw sI) {vyKo: aUdoky}
6. Kymkrn (izlHw qrnqwrn) ivc gurU Amr dws swihb dI Xwd ivc[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk aunHW ny BweI Kyfw nUM iek QMm id`qw sI jo aus ny g`f id`qw sI; aus dI Xwd ivc ksUrI gyt kol ‘gurduAwrw QMm swihb’ bixAw hoieAw hY
7. ptnw ivc ‘gurduAwrw gwey Gwt’ ivc gurU qyZ bhdwr swihb dy smyN dy do QMm pey hn ijnHW nUM aunHW ny kpiVAW ivc lpyt ky r`iKAw hoieAw hY; auh aunHW nUM QMm swihb kihMdy hn {vyKo: ptnw}.

Tkrvwl

 

luiDAwxw p`CmI qihsIl ivc iek ipMf (luiDAwxw-p`Kovwl mwrg rwhIN 8 iklomItr dUr) jo hux Sihr dw ih`sw hI bx cukw hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI iek audwsI dOrwn ies ipMf ivc ruky sn[

isr& iek bzurg bMdy qoN isvw ipMf dy iksy S^s ny vI gurU jI Aqy BweI mrdwny dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI[ ies gurduAwry ’qy kwlpink khwxIAW dw iek borf lgw hoieAw hY[ ies ’qy ilKI khwxI ivc  ikhw igAw hY ik luiDAwxw dy loDI hwkm ny gurU jI nUM disAw ik sqluj ndI Sihr dw bhuq nukswn krdI hY ies qoN bcwA krvwE[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw ik qusIN gaUAW mwrnIAW bMd kro qW ieh dirAw Sihr nUM roVHnw bMd kr dyvygw[ aus  ny ieh g`l mMn leI Aqy gurU jI dy hukm nwl sqluj ny rwh bdl ilAw qy ngr bc igAw[ g`p khwxI ilKx vwly nUM ieh vI nhIN pqw ik sqluj dirAw ny Awpxw rsqw sMn 1750 qoN mgroN bdilAw sI[ iek hor kwlpink khwxI ivc gurU jI dw Alwhwbwd qoN B`jy iksy Twkr dws nW dy mhMq nUM imlxw Aqy Tkrvwl dw nW Twkr dws dy nW ’qy r`iKAw jwxw vI ies borf ’qy drj hY[ ieh gurduAwrw igAwnI mohn isMG iBMfrWvwlw (jo cOk mihqw fyry qoN vKrw DVw hY) dy pRbMD hyT hY qy ies gurduAwry ivc inrmlw bRwhmxI mirAwdw cldI hY[ pihlW ieh in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb sI, pr hux iek v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY.

 

 

qisMblI

 izlHw swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr (mohwlI) dI qihsIl fyrw bsI ivc iek ipMf (lwlVU qoN 8, zIrkpur qoN 15, cMfIgVH qoN 26 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Aqy gurU goibMd isMG gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw pwqSwhI nOvIN Aqy dsvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ gurduAwry ivc lgy borf muqwibk ies ipMf dw nW hmwXUMpur qisMblI sI[ ies nUM qisMblI svwirAW dI vI kihMdy sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ie`Qy sMn 1670 ivc Aswm dy dOry qoN muVn mgroN Awey sn Aqy ie`Qy iSvcrn dws kol iek rwq Tihry sn[ gurU goibMd isMG jI vI bcpn ivc lKnOr jWdy ie`Qy ruky sn (iPr qW mwqw gujrI vI ie`Qy ruky hoxgy)[ ieh borf mnmiq dw pRcwr vI krdw hY ik gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny ie`Qy iSvcrn dws nUM curwsI dy gyV qoN mukq kIqw sI[ ies borf muqwibk jo ies QW dy drSn krygw aus dI hr mnokwmnw pUrI hovygI (is`KI mnokwmnw pUrI krn dy ies pRcwr nUM r`d krdI hY).

 

gurduAwrw qisMblI:

qrnqwrn

 

AMimRqsr qoN qkrIbn 22 iklomItr dUr iek ksbw[ ies Sihr dI nINh gurU Arjn swihb ny 10 BwdroN sMmq 1647 (10 Agsq sMn 1590) dy idn r`KI sI[ aunHW ny sB qoN pihlw isr& srovr hI bxwieAw sI[ ies dw mksd jMgl dys (mwlvw) v`loN Awaux vwly lokW nUM gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) Awaux qoN pihlW Qkwvt lwh ky Awrwm krn Aqy ieSnwn vwsqy pwxI dI shUlq dyxw sI[ ieh zmIn Kwrw Aqy plwsOr ipMfW dI sI jo gurU Arjn swihb ny mu`l qwr ky ^rIdI sI[ irvwieq hY ik ieh QW gurU Arjn swihb ny iek l`K 57 hzwr rupY ivc ^rIdI sI[ ieh rkm Zlq hY; ikauNik gurU-dw-c`k (AMimRqsr) vwlI jgh isr& 500 rupY ivc ^rIdI sI; Aqy isr& 25 swl ivc zmIn dI kImq eynI nhIN sI vD skdI[

     qrnqwrn dw srovr au~qr qy d`Kx qoN 289 Aqy 283 mItr Aqy pUrb qy p`Cm v`l 230 Aqy 233 mItr lMmw hY[ 5 cyqr 1653 ibkrmI (1 mwrc 1596) dy idn ies srovr nUM p`ikAW krnw SurU kIqw igAw sI[ ies vwsqy aucycy qOr ’qy B`Ty lwey gey sn[ aus ielwky dy cODrI nUr-aud-dIn dy pu`qr AmIr-aud-dIn ny hmlw kr ky ie`tW zbrdsqI cu`k leIAW sn Aqy aunHW nwl ipMf (nUr-aud-dIn dI srW) ivc AwpxI hvylI bxw leI sI (ies qoN 170 swl mgroN sMn 1766 ivc is`K &OjW ny j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw dI AgvweI hyT ieh hvylI Fwh ky ies dIAW ie`tW srovr dy do pwsIN lw id`qIAW sn; bwkI do pwsy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny dIvwn moqI rwm dI mwr&q p`ky krvwey sn; pirkrmw kMvr nOinhwl isMG ny p`kI krvweI sI Aqy ausy ny hI drSnI ifauFI vI bxvweI sI)[ ies srovr ivc pihlW qW isr& mINh dw pwxI AwauNdw sI; pr, sMn 1833 ivc jINd dy rwjy rGbIr isMG ny AprbwrI duAwb nihr qoN qkrIbn 5 iklomItr lMmI hMslI bxw ky ies ivc nihrI pwxI dw ieMqzwm kIqw sI[ sMn 1927-28 ivc ies hMslI nUM sImMt nwl p`kw bxw id`qw igAw sI[ srovr dI kwr syvw pihlW sMn 1931 ivc Aqy dubwrw sMn 1970 ivc hoeI sI[

     qrnqwrn ngr dw rkbw 6 mur`bw iklomItr hY Aqy AwbwdI qkrIbn 67 hzwr hY[ sMn 2006 ivc ies nUM izlHw bxw id`qw igAw sI[ qrnqwrn izlHy dI AwbwdI (sMn 2011 dI mrdmSumwrI muqwibk) qkrIbn 11 l`K 20 hzwr hY[ ies ivc muK ksby qy ipMf ieh hn: goieMdvwl, KfUr swihb, &qihbwd, Jbwl, p`tI, KwlVw, Kym krn, iB`KI ivMf, nOSihrw pMnUAW, srhwlI, nwgoky, kYroN, quV, vltohw, p`Koky, mwVI kMbo, sBrwie, sur isMG, vyeIN pueIN, fl vW, T`Tw KwrI, colw swihb, srwey Amwnq ^wn, pMjvV, hrIky.

     qrnqwrn Sihr sMn 1596 ivc vsxw SurU hoieAw sI[pihlI mwG sMmq 1654 (28 dsMbr sMn 1596) dy idn gurU Arjn swihb ny ie`Qy drbwr swihb dI nINh r`KI sI[ ieh gurduAwrw drbwr swihb AMimRqsr vWg srovr dy ivckwr nhIN blik iek kMFy ’qy bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy gurU Arjn swihb ny qrn qwrn swihb ivc kohVIAW vwsqy iek kyNdr vI kwiem kIqw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy vyly qoN sMn 1921 qk qrn qwrn dw gurduAwrw inrmly Aqy audwsI mhMqW dy kbzy ivc irhw sI[ mhMq gurduAwry dy cVHwvy nUM A`XwSI vwsqy vrqn lg pey sn Aqy au~Qy Awaux vwlIAW AOrqW nwl bdmwSIAW vI krn lg pey sn[ jdoN 26 jnvrI 1921 dy idn kuJ AkwlI AwgU mhMqW nwl g`lbwq krn gey qW mhMq ny ikrwey dy guMifAW rwhIN hmlw krvw ky bhuq swry is`K z^mI kr id`qy sn[ ienHW ivcoN BweI hzwrw isMG  AlwdInpur Aqy BweI hukm isMG vjwaUkot z^mW dI qwb nw Jldy hoey ShId ho gey sn[  pr, ies dy nwl hI ies gurduAwry dw ieMqzwm is`KW dy h`Q Aw igAw sI[ qrnqwrn gurduAwry dw crcw 2019 ivc iek vwr iPr AwieAw sI jdoN jgqwr isMG (ijs ny kwr-syvw dy nW ’qy iek jQw bxwieAw hoieAw hY) ny ie`Qy drbwr swihb dI drSnI ifauFI nvIN auswrn dy nW ’qy kMvr (mgroN mhwrwjw) nOinhwl isMG v`loN 175 swl pihlW bxweI ifauFI FwhuxI SurU kr id`qI sI[ 31 mwrc 2019 rwq dy 9 vjy corI 300 bMidAW ny Aw ky ies nUM Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI, pr lokW dy pu`jx ’qy auh swry dOV gey sn.

     qrn qwrn ksby ivc gurU Arjn swihb qoN ielwvw gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI gey sn[ qrn qwrn dy AMdrUnI ih`sy qoN bwhr do hor XwdgwrW vI hn: (1) gurU dw KUh Aqy (2) bIbI BwnI vwlw KUh.

 

drbwr swihb qrnqwrn

 

 

gurU dw KUh

bIbI BwnI vwlw KUh

drbwr swihb dI drSnI ifauFI dw Fwhy jwxw

qrwauVI qrwvVI/ qrwien

 

krnwl qoN 12 iklomItr dUr, krnwl izlHy dI nIloKyVI qihsIl dw iek pRwcIn ngr[ purwxIAW ilKqW ivc ies ngr dw nW qrwiex iliKAw vI imldw hY[ sMn 1191 ivc ie`Qy muhMmd ZOrI Aqy ipRQvI rwj cOhwn ivc lVweI hoeI sI, ijs ivc cOhwn ny ZOrI nUM hrwieAw sI[ Agly swl sMn 1192 ivc dUjI lVweI ivc ipRQvI rwj hwr igAw sI Aqy mwirAw igAw sI (iek irvwieq muqwibk aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky mgroN mwirAw sI)[ ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dw ikhw jWdw iek purwxw iklHw Aj vI ie`Qy mOjUd hY[

 

     1710 nvMbr ivc ies dy nyVy (10 iklomItr dUr) ipMf AmIngVH ivc bhwdr Swh dIAW &OjW Aqy bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW &OjW ivc zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI ijs ivc dohW iDrW dy hzwrW bMdy mwry gey sn[ iek mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk jdoN gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb nUM id`lI ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI qW aunHW dw sIs lY ky BweI jYqw Aqy aus dy swQI BweI nwnU Aqy aUdw c`k nwnkI (hux AnMdpur swihb) gey sn Aqy aunHW ny rwh ivc ie`Qy pVwA kIqw sI[ auh BweI dyvw rwm DobI dy Gr Tihry sn[ BweI dyvw rwm dw Gr hux ‘gurduAwrw sIs gMj’ ivc qbdIl ho cukw hY[ gurduAwrw Aqy ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dy iklHy dI kMD nwl-nwl hn.

qwrwgVH

 AnMdpur swihb qoN qkrIbn 5 iklomItr dUr (purwxy kot kihlUr dy nyVy) iek ipMf Aqy aus ivc iek iklHw[ sMn 1689 ivc c`k nwnkI (hux AnMdpur swihb dw iek ih`sw) dI h`d crn gMgw ndI Aqy mOjUdw kysgVH swihb ivckwr sI[ ies dy nyVy hI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny nvW ipMf AnMdpur bMnHxw SurU kIqw sI[ aunHIN idnIN gurU swihb ny rwxI koloN shotw, mIAWpur, lOdIpur, mwKoAwl, AgMmpurw Aqy qwrwgVH dI zmIn ^rId leI sI[ 31 mwrc 1689 dy idn gurU swihb ny c`k nwnkI-AnMdpur swihb dy Awly-duAwly pMj iklyH bxwauxy SurU kIqy sn[ gurU swihb ny ienHW ikilHAW dy nW AnMdgVH (mOjUdw AnMdgVH iklHw vwlI jgHw), lohgVH (mOjUdw lohgVH gurduAwry vwlI jgHw), qwrwgVH (purwxy kot kihlUr dy nyVy mOjUdw gurduAwrw qwrwgVH dI jgHw), AgMmgVH (ipMf AgMmgVH, mwqw jIq kOr dy gurduAwry dy nyVy gurduAwrw holgVH dI jgHw) Aqy &qihgVH (crn gMgw dy mYdwn dy nyVy ipMf shotw dI hdUd ivc, gurduAwrw &qihgVH vwlI jgHw) r`Ky sn[ sB qoN pihlW iklHw AnMdgVH iqAwr hoieAw sI qy bwkI cwr mgroN iqAwr hoey sn[ ienHW iv`coN &qihgVH qy qwrwgVH iklyH phwVI rjvwiVAW dy hmilAW ƒ rokx vwsqy bxwey gey sn[

     julweI 1698 ivc kWgVw dy rwjy blIAw cMd qy aus dy jrnYl Awlm cMd dI burI qrHW hwr hox mgroN, hux iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny gurU jI nwl duSmxI krnI SUrU kr id`qI sI[ sMn 1700 ivc Ajmyr cMd ny AnMdpur ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxweI sI[ qwrwgVH dw iklHw AnMdpur swihb qoN pMj iklomItr dUr ipMf qwrwpur ivc sI[ ie`Qy Kwlsw &OjW dw isr& iek Cotw ijhw j`Qw irhw krdw sI[ ies dI kmwn swihbzwdw AjIq isMG kol sI[ 29 Agsq 1700 vIrvwr dy idn Ajmyr cMd ny Acwnk ies iklyH ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ny ies hmly ƒ pCwVn vwsqy kuJ isMG A`gy kIqy sn[ ienHW ny bVI bhwdrI nwl duSmx dI &Oj dw twkrw kIqw sI[ auDr jdoN gurU jI ƒ hmly dw pqw l`gw qW aunHW ny BweI audY isMG dI AgvweI ivc svw sO isMGW dw jQw Byj id`qw sI[ ies gihg`c lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey sn[ phwVI rwijAW dw AwgU GumMf cMd BweI audY isMG dy h`QoN burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[ iek pihr (3 GMty) dI lVweI mgroN phwVI &OjW dOV geIAW sn[ ies lVweI ivc BweI kilAwx isMG (pu`qr ShId BweI idAwl dws), BweI mMgq isMG (Brw BweI PyrU aur& ‘s`cI dwVHI’) qy BweI eISr isMG vI mwry gey sn[ ies mgroN gurU jI ny bwkI swry ikilHAW dy jQydwrW ƒ vI cOks kr id`qw sI[ ies lVweI sbMDI ‘B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqo kI’ ivc iek ieMdrwj ieM\ imldw hY: “eISr isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw, ibMjlauNq, kilAwn isMG bytw idAwl dws kw poqw mweIdws kw, bMJrauq, mMgq isMG bytw ibMnY aupl kw….vwsI AMb mwVI pRgnw lwhOr…swl sqrW sY sqvMjw Bwdv pRivSty aun`qIs vIrvwr dy idhuM, gurU ky Sihzwdy AjIq isMG kw bcn pwie, iklw qwrwgVH ky mlhwn, pRgnw  qwrwpur, eyk pihr Gor juD kr ky, Gxy prbqI mwr, swhmyN mwQy rx myN jUJ kr ShwdqW pwie gey [ GumMf cMd bytw gMBIr cMd kw, BweI audY isMG ky hwQ sy Gwiel hoieAw [” (B`t vhI qUmr ibMjlauNqoN kI)[

      dsMbr 1705 ivc jdoN gurU jI ny AnMdpur C`ifAw qW mgroN phwVI POjW ny ieh iklHw Fwh id`qw sI[ ies qoN iqMn sO swl mgroN ies QW ’qy iek gurduAwrw kwiem kr id`qw igAw sI[ ies dy AMdr iek purwxI bwaulI vI mOjUd hY. hor vyKo: AnMdpur.

iklHw qwrw gVH (dUr dw idRS)

qpw

 izlHw brnwlw dI qihsIl qpw dw muK ngr (brnwlw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr),  ij`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iek vwr AwpxI mwlvw PyrI dOrwn gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw it`bw swihb pwqSwhI nOvIN bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies dI pihlI iemwrq mhwrwjw krm isMG ny bxvweI sI; hux aus dI QW ’qy nvW gurduAwrw bx cuikAw hY.

qlvMfI swbo

 

 izlHw biTMfw ivc iek purwxw ksbw (biTMfw qoN 30 iklomItr dUr)[ qlvMfI swbo is`K pMQ dw iek Aihm kyNdr hY[ ie`Qy gurU hir rwie swihb 11 idn, gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb iek mhIny qoN v`D Aqy gurU goibMd isMG swihb 9 mhIny qoN v`D rhy sn[ iek irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb vI ie`Qy Awey sn[ qlvMfI swbo ivc sB qoN purwxI is`K Xwdgwr gurUsr srovr hY[ ieh srovr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb ny Awp h`QIN kwr syvw kr ky mwrc 1665 ivc iqAwr krvwieAw sI[ gurU goibMd isMG swihb AnMdpur, cmkOr, mwCIvwVw, dInw kWgV qoN huMdy hoey 16 jnvrI 1706 ƒ ieQy pu`jy sn qy 30 AkqUbr 1706 ƒ ie`QoN tury sn[ qlvMfI swbo dw muK gurduAwrw q^q dmdmw swihb hY (ies kr ky qlvMfI swbo dw dUjw nW dmdmw swihb vI mShUr hY)[ ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI drbwr lwieAw krdy sn; ies kr ky mgroN ies nUM q^q AwiKAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ dmdmw swihb iek purwxI bIV peI hoeI hY, ijs bwry dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik ieh bwbw dIp isMG v`loN kIqw igAw auqwrw hY[

 

    qlvMfI swbo ivc dmdmw swihb qoN ielwvw hor vI keI gurduAwry hn: (1) nwnksr: ieh gurduAwrw gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY[ pihloN ie`Qy isr& iek srovr hI sI (2) mMjI swihb gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb: ie`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb dIvwn sjwieAw krdy sn (3) mMjI swihb pwiqSwhI nOvI Aqy dsvIN: ieh gurduAwrw nOvIN qy dsvI pwiqSwhI dI Xwd ivc bixAw hoieAw hY (4) gurduAwrw invws AsQwn dmdmw swihb pwiqSwhI dsvIN: gurU goibMd isMG swihb ny qlvMfI swbo Aw ky sB qoN pihlW ies QW ’qy pVwA kIqw sI (5) gurduAwrw mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy swihb kOr: gurU goibMd isMG swihb dIAW dovyN pqnIAW, sMn 1706 ivc id`lI qoN Aw ky ie`Qy TihrIAW sn[ ieh BweI f`lw isMG dw Gr sI (6) jMfsr: ie`Qy gurU swihb ny Awpxy ispwhIAW ƒ qn^wh id`qI sI (ieh iek kwlpink khwxI hY ikauNik hkIkq ieh hY ik gurU jI dy nwl koeI qn^whdwr &OjI nhIN sn)[ ijs jMf nwl gurU swihb ny Awpxw GoVw bMinHAw sI, dwAvw kIqw jWdw hY ik auh Ajy qk mOjUd hY (7) it`bI swihb: ie`Qy gurU swihb is`KW ƒ qlvwr clwauxw qy gqkwbwzI isKwieAw krdy sn (8) ilKxsr: iek khwxI muqwibk ie`Qy gurU goibMd isMG jI klmW iqAwr kirAw krdy sn qy ikhw krdy sn ik kdy is`K ie`Qy Awpxw qwlImI Adwrw kwiem krngy[ drAsl ies QW ’qy (bwbw) dIp isMG irhw krdw sI qy gurU goibMd isMG swihb dw nW ies QW nwl mgroN joiVAw igAw sI (9) burj bwbw dIp isMG: ie`Qy (bwbw) dIp isMG keI swl rihMdw irhw sI[ (10) qlvMfI swbo ivc BweI f`lw isMG dy pirvwr dI bMs Ajy vI rihMdI hY qy aunHW kol gurU swihb dIAW kuJ inSwnIAW vI hn, ijnHW iv`coN bhuqIAW shI nhIN jwpdIAW[ ienHW ivc iek hukmnwmw vI hY, jo qwrI^ qoN gurU swihb dw nhIN lgdw[ ieM\ hI ipAw iek SISw qy bMdUk vI pey hoey hn, jo  gurU swihb qoN kw&I mgroN dy jwpdy hn.

 

dmdmw swihb

 

gurduAwrw nwnksr (gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc)

gurduAwrw mMjI swihb

gurduAwrw  jMfsr

gurduAwrw mwqw suMdr kOr

qy mwqw swihb kOr

 

gurduAwrw ilKxsr

 

 

q^qUpurw

 

izlHw mogw ivc iek ipMf (mogw qoN 32 Aqy inhwlisMGvwlw qoN 5 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU nwnk swihb sMn 1516 ivc, AwpxI dUjI audwsI qoN muVidAW puSkr Aqy srsw huMdy hoey, pu`jy sn[ie`Qy l`gy iek borf muqwibk ie`Qy Awp ny jogIAW BrQrI qy gopI cMd nwl Drm crcw kIqI (pr ieh shI nhIN hY, ieh BrQrI jogI keI aus ielwky dw rihx vwlw jogI sI,  nw ik AvMqIpurw/jUnwgVH vwlw)[ ies jogI dI Xwdgwr vI nyVy hI bxI hoeI hY[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ie`Qy mihrwj dI jMg mgroN (dsMbr 1634 ivc) Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc Awey sn[

     q^qUpurw ivc iqnW gurU swihbwn dI Xwd ivc ie`ko kMplYks ivc iqMn gurduAwry bxy hoey hn[ pihlW ie`Qy isr& iek in`kw ijhw gurduAwrw sI jo sMn 1955 ivc brswqW dOrwn Fih igAw sI[ hux dI iemwrq sMn 1962 ivc bxnI SurU hoeI sI[ ie`QoN dw srovr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy jrnYl BweI DMnw isMG mlveI ny bxvwieAw sI[ mgroN aus dI QW ’qy nvW srovr bxwieAw igAw sI[ ie`Qy nyVy hI BweI bGyl isMG dw ieiqhwsk KUh vI mOjUd hY:

 

twhlIAwxw swihb

 

jgrwE ivc rwey kot dy bwhrvwr iek CprI dy nyVy iek twhlI dy dr^q hyT gurU goibMd isMG jI 17 dsMbr 1705 dy idn ruky sn[ ie`Qy rweykot dw nvwb rwey klHw Awp nUM imlx AwieAw sI[ aus ny Awpxy swQI nUrw mwhI nUM srhMd Byj ky mwqw gujrI Aqy b`icAW dI ShIdI Aqy tofr m`l pRvwr v`loN aunHW dw sskwr kIqy jwx dI ^br dI qsdIk krvweI sI[ ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw twhlIAwxw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY:

twhlIAW P`qU qy sMmU dIAW

 &Irozpur -&wizlkw mwrg ’qy Syr gVH ipMf ivc 1705 ivc kdy P`qU qy sMmU fogr BrwvW dy twhlIAW dy dr^q huMdy sn[ iek irvwieq muqwibk gurU goibMd isMG jI dsMbr 1705 ivc ie`Qy gey sn (hwlW ik ieh QW gurU goibMd isMG mwrg qoN bhuq dUr hY)[ ienHW BrwvW ny gurU jI dI syvw kIqI sI Aqy ivdwiegI smyN ielwky dw pihrwvw luMgI qy Kys Byt kIqw sI[ hux ies QW ’qy cOk mihqw fyry vwilAW ny iek gurduAwrw bxw ilAw hY.

 twhlI swihb 

AMimRqsr ivc mOjUdw gurduAwrw sMqoKsr ivc iek twhlI hyTW bYT ky gurU rwmdws jI Aqy gurU Arjn swihb sMqoKsr srovr dI KudweI krvwieAw krdy sn[ ies gurduAwry nUM sMqoKsr Aqy twhlI swihb vI kihMdy hn:

 

 twhlI swihb (G`kw-kotlI) 

izlHw isAwlkot dI qihsIl S`krgVH dy iek ipMf G`kw-kotlI ivc gurU hir rwie swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw iek gurduAwrw. vyKo: G`kw kotlI.

  

 twhlI swihb jMmU 

jMmU ivc qlwb it`lo kol (qlwb it`lo rof, Xwin kYnwl rof ’qy), qvI ndI dy kMFy ’qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw twhlI swihb bixAw hoieAw hY:

 

twhlI swihb mUxk 

jlMDr-pTwnkot mwrg ’qy, izLHw huiSAwrpur dy ipMf mUxk Kurd ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw[ ie`Qy gurU jI ny twhlI dy iek dr^q nwl GoVw bMinHAw sI[ ieh dr^q kw&I dyr kwiem irhw sI, pr mgroN su`k igAw sI[ ies QW l`gy iek borf ’qy ilKI iek kwlpink khwxI muqwibk gurU jI dy GoVy dy pOV mwrn ’qy pwxI dI Dwrw Put peI sI; au~Qy hux bwaulI bxI hoeI hY:

 

twhlI swihb rhsmW 

izlHw isAwlkot ivc rhsmW ipMf ivc gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw iek gurduAwrw[ sMn 1947 qoN bwAd ieh gurduAwrw iek Qyh vrgI hwlq ivc hY:

:

 

 

twhlI swihb rqn 

izlHw luiDAwxw ivc joDW ipMf dy kol ipMf rqn ivc gurU goibMd isMG dI Xwd ivc bixAw iek gurduAwrw[ dsMbr 1705 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI AwlmgIr qoN dInw kWgV jWdy hoey kuJ pl vwsqy ies QW ’qy ruky sn:

 

twhlw swihb

biTMfw izlHw dI mOV qihsIl dy ipMf rwjgVH ku`by dy bwhrvwr qkrIbn FweI iklomItr dUr (mOV klW qoN 5 qy mwnsw qoN 19 iklomItr dUr) iek gurduAwrw[ hux ies QW ’qy vsI AwbwdI vwly ipMf nUM vI twhlw swihb kihMdy hn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI mOV klW qoN ie`Qy Awey sn; Aqy grU goibMd isMG jI iek idn qlvMfI swbo qoN iSkwr vwsqy jwx smyN ie`Qy ruky sn[ dohW gurU swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw twhlw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY (idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ies gurduAwry dy gyt ’qy iek swbkw ipRMsIpl dw XwdgwrI gyt bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy aus dw nW gurduAwry dy nW qoNvI v`fw iliKAw hoieAw hY):

 

nUrmihl

 izlHw jlMDr ivc (iPlOr qoN 13 qy nkodr qoN 25 iklomItr dUr)  nUrmihl ksbw sqwrHvIN sdI dy SurU ivc vsxw SurU hoieAw sI[ hux ieh ngr iesy nW dI qihsIl dw hY~f kuAwrtrz bx cukw hY[ ies ksby dw nW muZl bwdSwh jhWgIr dI byZm nUr jhW dy nW ’qy hY[ ies ksby ivc iek purwxI srW vI hY, jo nUr jhW ny ^ud bxvweI sI[ ieh sMn 1618 ivc bxnI SurU ho ky sMn 1620 ivc iqAwr hoeI sI[ nUrmihl srW dw rkbw 551 mur`bw (vrg) Put hY[ ies dy AMdr iek KUh, iek hmwm Aqy msijd vI bxI hoeI hY[ ivckwr 2000 Pu`t dw ivhVw hY[ hr pwsy 32-32 kmry bxy hoey hn[ kdy ies srW dI Swn inrwlI sI; iPr ieh aujwV ijhI ho geI sI[ ie`kIvIN sdI ivc ies dI murMmq kr ky dubwrw ies dI purwxI Swn bhwl kIqI geI hY[ nUr mihl ivc iek vwr gurU hir rwie swihb vI Awey sn; aunHW dI Xwd ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY.

 

nUrmihl srW dI hwlq qkrIbn sO swl pihlW

 

nUrmihl srW dw hux dw idRS

 

srW ivc KUh Aqy msijd

 

 

 

nUrmihl ngr ivc hurU hir rwie swihb dy gurduAwry dI purwxI iemwrq

 

nUrmihl ivc hurU hir rwie swihb dy gurduAwry dI nvIN iemwrq

nUr dIn srwie

 ieh qrnqwrn-Jbwl mwrg ’qy qrnqwrn qoN 4 iklomItr dUr iek srW hY[ ies dw pRbMDk qy ies ielwky dw cODrI nUr dIn sI[ iek irvwieq muqwibk ieh srW jhWgIr bwdSwh ny ies dI ingrwnI hyT bxvweI sI; ies kr ky ies dw nW ‘nUrdIn dI srW’ mShUr ho igAw sI[ ies srW dw kuJ ih`sw Ajy vI mOjUd hY[ ies ipMf dy nyVy hI boqw isMG grjw isMG ny cuMgI kwiem kr ky zkrIAw ^wn dw Brm qoiVAw sI ik is`K ^qm ho gey hn. vyKo: grjw isMG.

nOhr

 rwijsQwn ivc gMgwngr izlHy dw iek ngr (srsw qoN 47 iklomItr dUr), ij`Qy gurU goibMd isMG nvMbr 1706 ivc d`Kx jWdy hoey CIn qlweI nW dI QW ’qy ruky sn[ ies ielwky ivc pihlW koeI is`K pirvwr nhIN rihMdw sI  ies kr ky do sO swl qk koeI Xwdgwr nhIN sI bx skI[ sMn 1908 ivc ie`Qy iek in`kw ijhw mMjI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI; iPr sMn 1958 ivc iek v`fw gurduAwrw auswr id`qw igAw sI[ gMgwngr dy &qh isMG (sMq) ny ies gurduAwry dw AjIb ijhw nW ‘kbUqr swihb’ r`K id`qw sI.

 

inrmohgVH

 izlHw ropV ivc, kIrqpur-ropV mwrg ’qy, kIrqpur qoN qkrIbn cwr iklomItr dUr, ‘hrdo’ Aqy ‘inrmoh’ do ipMf hn[ ienHW dohW ipMfW dy ivckwr iek au~cw it`bw hY ijs nUM inrmoh dI phwVI kihMdy sn[ ikauNik gurU goibMd isMG jI ies phwVI qy qMbU lw ky 11 idn (4 AkqUbr 1700 qoN 14 AkqUbr qk) rhy sn, ies kr ky ies nUM gurU jI dw iklHw mMn ky inrmohgVH kihx lg pey sn[     

     iblwspur dy rwjy Ajmyr cMd ny, sMn 1700 ivc, 29 Agsq qoN pihlI sqMbr qk cwr idn AnMdpur ’qy hmly kIqy sn[ cwry hI lVweIAW ivc burI qrHW hwr Kwx Aqy mwmw rwjw kysrI cMd sxy bhuq swry &OjI mrvwaux mgroN, Ajmyr cMd ny Awpxy swQIAW Aqy hmdrdW dw iek iek`T bulwieAw sI[ swirAW ny cwr lVweIAW ivc imlI hwr dw bVw A&sos kIqw sI[ kysrI cMd dy mrn ’qy swry phwVI rwijAW ƒ bhuq sdmw pu`jw sI[ aunHW ny mihsUs kIqw sI ik auh gurU jI ƒ &OjI lVweI ivc hrw nhIN skdy[ A^Ir aunHW ny iek qrkIb socI sI[ ies qrkIb hyT vzIr pMifq prmw nMd ƒ AnMdgVH iklyH v`l ByijAw igAw sI[ aus ny pihlI AkqUbr 1700 dI rwq ƒ Awty dI gaU bxw ky ies iklyH dy drvwzy A`gy r`K ky, nwl iek ic`TI r`K id`qI sI, ijs ivc iliKAw sI ik AsI ksm KWdy hW ik A`goN kdy vI AnMdpur ’qy hmlw nhIN krWgy[ swry pwsy swfI byie`zqI hoeI hY[ AsIN iksy ƒ mUMh idKwaux jogy nhIN rhy[ Awp iek vwrI AnMdpur C`f ky cly jwE qy Pyr bySk kuJ idnW mgroN hI vwips Aw jwxw[ AsIN lokW nUM kih skWgy ik AsIN AnMdpur ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ ies nwl swfI ie`zq rih jwvygI[ Agly idn do AkqUbr ƒ gurU swihb ƒ auyh ic`TI iklyH dy pihrydwr ny id`qI sI[ gurU swihb ny AwiKAw ik ieh p`Qr-pUj phwVIey ieqbwr dy kwibl nhIN[ pr iPr vI jy ienHW ’qy qrs krn nwl ienHW dI ie`zq bcdI hY qW swƒ koeI &rk nhIN pYNdw[ gurU swihb ny BweI dieAw isMG, BweI audY isMG qy hornW nwl mSvrw kr ky AnMdpur C`fx dw PYslw kr ilAw sI[ gurU swihb ny cwr AkqUbr 1700 dy idn AnMdpur C`f idqw sI[ ieh ngr iek vwr Pyr vIrwn ho igAw sI[

auDr jdoN Ajmyr cMd ƒ pqw l`gw ik gurU swihb AnMdpur ^wlI kr ky inrmohgVH cly gey hn qW aus ny AnMdpur swihb ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[ hux aus ny Awpxy swQIAW nwl slwh kIqI ik ies vkq gurU swihb iksy iklHy ivc nhIN blik iek phwVI ’qy qMbU g`f ky bYTy hn qy jy ies mOky ’qy hmlw kIqw jwey qW gurU swihb ƒ Gyrw pw ky ^qm jW igR&qwr kIqw jw skdw hY[ jdoN Ajmyr cMd dI ies swizS dw aus dI dwdI dy jIjy, bswlI dy rwjy slwhI cMd, ƒ  pqw l`gw sI qW aus ny hrkq qoN roikAw sI[ pr Ajmyr cMd ’qy SYqwn svwr sI, auh nhIN sI tilAw qy aus ny inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI SurU kr id`qI sI[

8 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj ny inrmohgVH ivc gurU jI ’qy hmlw bol id`qw sI[ svw pihr (qkrIbn cwr GMty) dohW pwisAW qoN Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI sI[ Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj kol golw brUd kw&I sI qy aus dI &Oj dI igxqI vI bhuq sI[ gurU jI kol igxvyN cuxvyN is`K hI sn[ ies dy bwvjUd is`K sIs qlI ’qy r`K ky lVy sn[ (ie`QoN hI muhwvrw ‘sIs qlI ’qy r`K ky lVnw’ SurU ho igAw sI, drAsl ‘sIs qlI ’qy r`Kx dw mqlb hY: ‘jwn dI prvwh kIqy ibnW lVnw[’ mgroN iksy klwkwr ny bwbw dIp isMG dI iek i^AwlI qsvIr bxweI ijs ivc aus ny aunHW dw k`itAw hoieAw isr aunHW dI qlI ’qy r`iKAw hoieAw idKwieAw hoieAw sI)[

ies lVweI ivc bhuq swry phwVI &OjI mwry gey sn[ AwpxI hwr vyK ky Ajmyr cMd dI &Oj mYdwn C`f geI sI[ ies lVweI ivc dIvwn swihb isMG (pu`qr  BweI mqI dws), mQrw isMG (pu`qr BweI idAwl dws), sUrq isMG, dyvw isMG, AnUp isMG DwlIvwl qy srUp isMG DwlIvwl (pihlI sqMbr 1700 dy idn nUM SrwbI hwQI qoN fr ky B`jx vwly dunI cMd DwlIvwl dy poqy) mwry gey sn[ ies dw izkr ‘B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI’ ivc ieM\ imldw hY:“swihb isMG bytw mqIdws kw poqw hIrw ml kw…iCbr bRwhmx, mQrw isMG bytw idAwl dws kw poqw mweI dws dw bMJrauNq jlHwnw….sUrq isMG bytw kyvl kw poqw AwVU kw, qUmr ibMjlauq, dyvw isMG bytw qygy kw poqw suKy kw audwnw, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kwriqk pRivSty sqmIN mMglvwr dy idhuM, inrmohgF ky mlHwn, prgnw kihlUr kI jMg myN swmyNH mwQy jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI, Kwqw puAwr jlHwnoN kw).

inrmohgVH ivc hwr Kwx mgroN Ajmyr cMd ny srhMd dy &Ojdwr vzIr ^wn nUM gurU jI dy i^lw& vrqx dI qrkIb bxweI[ aus ny Awpxy vzIr pMifq prmwnMd ƒ srhMd ByijAw[ aus ny vzIr ^wn nUM ^br id`qI ik ies vkq gurU goibMd isMG iek phwVI ’qy qMbU g`f ky bYTy hn qy auh vI QoVHy ijhy is`KW nwl[ ies hwlwq ivc aunHW ’qy hmlw kr ky aunHW nUM ^qm kIqw jw skdw hY[ Ajmyr cMd ny kuJ rkm vI vzIr ^wn nUM ByjI sI[ ies ’qy vzIr ^wn ny Awpxy iek jrnYl rusqm ^wn ƒ &Oj dy ky inrmohgVH v`l jwx vwsqy AwK id`qw sI[ 13 AkqUbr 1700 dy idn rusqm ^wn qy aus dy Brw nwsr AlI ^wn ny inrmohgVH ’qy hmlw kr id`qw sI[ aunHW ny AwauNidAW hI inrmohgVH dI it`bI qoN QoVI dUr iek hor it`bI ’qy morcy kwiem kr ley sn[ aunHW kol iek qop vI sI[ nwsr ^wn ny gurU jI v`l ies qop nwl iek golw dwigAw sI[ aus goly nwl gurU jI dw cOr-brdwr rwm isMG kSmIrI mwirAw igAw sI[ gurU jI ny ausy vyly iSsq bMnH ky iek AYsw qIr mwirA sI ik hmlwvr &Oj dw jrnYl rusqm ^wn QW ’qy hI mr igAw sI[ (BweI kwnH isMG muqwibk ieh it`bI qkrIbn FweI iklomItr dUr hY, jo nwmumikn jwpdI hY, ikauNik audoN qop dI mwr eynI dUr qk nhIN huMdI sI, Aqy nw hI gurU jI dw qIr eynI dUr qk mwr kr skdw sI)[

     ies qoN mgroN BweI audY isMG dy qIr nwl nwsr AlI ^wn vI mwirAw igAw sI[ dohW jrnYlW dy mrn mgroN vI muZl &OjW ip`Cy nhIN htIAW sn Aqy Awhmo-swhmxI lVweI hoeI sI[ Swm qk zbrdsq lVweI huMdI rhI sI[ A^Ir hnyrw pYx ’qy hMB ky muZl &OjW srhMd  ƒ vwips muV geIAW sn[ ies lVweI ivc is`KW ivcoN rwm isMG, ihMmq isMG qy mohr isMG Awid mwry gey sn[ ies lVweI dw izkr B`t vhI qlwauNFw ivc ieM\ imldw hY: “ihMmq isMG bytw jIqy kw poqw rwmy kw, audwnW, mohr isMG bytw DUmy kw poqw kwnyH kw….qUmr ibMjlauq, swl sqrW sY sqvMjw, kiqk pRivSty bwrW, rvIvwr ky idhuM, inrmohgVH ky mlHwn, prgnw kihlUr swmyHN jUJ kr mry[” (B`t vhI qlwauNFw prgnw jINd, Kwqw audwinEN kw)[

muZl &OjW dI hwr mgroN Ajmyr cMd iek vwr Pyr Awp &Oj lY ky inrmohgVH Aw igAw sI[ aus ny cohW pwisAW qoN inrmohgVH dI nwkwbMdI kr id`qI sI[ gurU jI ny is`KW ƒ cwr j`iQAW ivc vMf ky duSmx dIAW &OjW dw zbrdsq mukwblw kIqw sI[ FweI pihr (qkrIbn swFy s`q GMty) zbrdsq lVweI hoeI sI[ ies lVweI ivc dohW pwisAW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[ ies lVweI ivc is`KW ivcoN jIqw isMG, nyqw isMG Aqy keI hor is`K mwry gey sn[

bswlI (inrmohgVH Aqy kIrqpur swihb) qoN qkrIbn 15 iklomItr dUr) iek phwVI ipMf hY (nUrpur bydI qoN qkrIbn 6 iklomItr dUr)[ audoN ieh iek in`kI ijhI pr Awzwd irAwsq sI[ ies dw rwjw slwhI cMd sI[ slwhI cMd dI pqnI rwxI hIrw dyvI iblwspur dI rwxI cMpw (Ajmyr cMd dI dwdI) dI skI BYx sI[ rwxI cMpw (mOq 1691) Aw^rI swhW qk is`K pMQ dI syvwdwr rhI sI[ jdoN hIrw dyvI qy slwhI cMd ƒ pqw l`gw ik Ajmyr cMd ny dZw kr ky gurU jI nUM inrmohgVH Byj ky  aunHW ’qy hmlw kIqw sI qy hux inrmohgVH dI Gyrw-bMdI kIqI hoeI hY qW aunHW ny Awpxw vzIr gurU jI v`l ByijAw qy aunHW ƒ inrmohgVH C`f ky bswlI Awaux vwsqy AwiKAw[ bswlI irAwsq sqluj dirAw dy dUjy pwr sI[

gurU jI 15 AkqUbr nUM qVky vyly inrmohgVH qoN sqluj dirAw v`l c`l pey sn qW jo auh dirAw pwr kr ky bswlI jw skx[ auDr jdoN Ajmyr cMd ƒ ies dw pqw l`igAw qW aus ny gurU jI dy inrmohgVH C`f ky jw rhy kw&ly ’qy vI hmlw kr id`qw sI[ gurU jI ny is`KW ƒ do ih`isAW ivc vMf id`qw sI qy Awp dirAw pwr kr gey sn[ ieDr audY isMG dI AgvweI ’c is`KW ny qIrW Aqy golIAW dw AYsw mINh vrHwieAw sI ik iek vwr qW duSmxW dI qObw kr id`qI sI[ jdoN swrI &Oj pwr kr geI sI qW audY isMG vI dirAw pwr kr igAw sI Aqy gurU jI ƒ jw imilAw sI[ ies lVweI ivc kysrw isMG, gokl isMG qy kuJ hor is`K mwry gey sn[

     inrmohgVH dI phwVI ’qy is`KW ny iek in`kw ijhw ‘mMjI swihb’ bxwieAw sI[ mgroN 1990ivAW ivc inhMgW ny ies QW ’qy iek gurduAwrw bxwauxw SurU kIqw sI, jo AdwlqI JgVy kwrn ltk igAw sI[ inhMgW ny iek hor gurduAwrw bxwieAw hoieAw hY.

 

inrmohgVH dy purwxy ‘mMjI swihb’ dI DMnw isMG cihl v`loN 12 meI 1934 dy idn iK`cI qsvIr

inrmohgV ivc bxy iek nvyN gurduAwry dI iemwrq

nOrMgwbwd

 

izlHw qy qihsIl qrnqwrn ivc iek ipMf (qrnqwrn qoN 7 Aqy AMimRqsr qoN 26 iklomItr dUr)[ ies QW ’qy g`gobUhw dy (bwbw) bIr isMG (julweI 1768-6.5.1844) dw fyrw sI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik bIr isMG kol 1200 bMdUkcI Aqy 3000 pYdl &Oj sI[ ie`Qy hr roz 4500 lok lMgr Ckdy sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq mgroN fogirAW ny (4 Aqy 5 nvMbr 1840 dy idn) KVg isMG Aqy nOinhwl isMG dw kæql kr id`qw sI[ ies mgroN sMDWvwlIAW ny (15 sqMbr 1843 dy idn) mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy aus dy pu`qr nUM, Aqy nwl hI iDAwn isMh fogry nUM vI, kæql kr id`qw sI[ pr iesy idn lihxw isMG qy AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIAW vI &Oj h`QoN mwry gey sn[ ies mgroN 18 sqMbr dy idn nwbwlZ dlIp isMG nUM q^q’qy ibTwieAw igAw sI[ aus dy nwl hIrw isMh fogrw aus dw muK vzIr bxigAw sI[jd hIrw isMh kol qwkq Aw geI sI qW aus ivc v`fI hYNkV Aw geI sI[ hux auh swrI qwkq Awpxy kol rKxI cwhuMdw sI[ auh qW sB nUM ^qm kr ky mhwrwjw bxn dI qrkIb GV irhw sI[

BwvyN dlIp isMG ‘mhwrwjw’ sI qy rwxI ijMdW aus dI gwrfIAn sI pr Asl qwkq hIrw isMh fogrw Aqy aus dy vzIr pMfq jlHw kol sI[ ies vyly hIrw isMh dw qwieAw gulwb isMh jMmU dw rwjw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy do hor puqr ipSOrw isMG qy kSmIrw isMG ies vyly isAwlkot ivc sn[ gulwb isMh ienHW ƒ vI Kqm krnw cwhuMdw sI[ dohW SihbzwidAW dw iek Aihlkwr mihqwb isMG, gulwb isMh fogry nwl imilAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN aunHW ƒ ieh rwz pqw lgw sI qW aunHW aus ƒ mrvw idqw sI[ ies ’qy gulwb isMh g`usy ho igAwsI; iesy kr ky auh ienHW ƒ koeI frwmw rc ky ^qm krnw cwhuMdw sI[ AprYl 1844 dy SurU ivc jrnYl gulwb isMG kwhloN mnhwlIAw (fogrw nhIN) ny aunHW ƒ isAwlkot’ coN inklx ivc mdd kIqI sI[ kSmIrw isMG au~QoN inkl ky nOrMgwbwd ivc bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy phMuc igAw sI[ auDr Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIAw vI kurUkSyqr qoN muV AwieAw sI qy auh vI bwbw bIr isMG dI Srn ivc Aw cukw sI[

jdoN hIrw isMh ƒ Aqr isMG sMDwvwlIey Aqy kMvr kSmIrw isMG dy nOrMgwbwd ivc hox dw pqw lgw sI qW aus ny 20 hzwr &Oj ƒ aus pwsy kUc krn dw hukm dy idqw sI[ aus dy nwl 50 qopW vI sn[ pihlW aus ny bwbw bIr isMG ƒ pYZwm ByijAw sI ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aus dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ies ’qy bwbw bIr isMG ny jvwb ByijAw ik jo S^s gurU Gr ivc pnwh mMg ley aus ƒ Srx idqI jWdI hY qy iksy duSmx dy hvwly nhIN kIqw jWdw[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh ny fogrw XuUintW Aqy AwpxIAW dUjIAW v&wdwr XUintW ƒ bwbw bIr isMG dy fyry ’qy golwbwrI krn vwsqy ikhw sI[ hIrw isMh dw hukm sI ik iksy ƒ igR&qwr nhIN krnw qy bs kql krI jwxw hY[ ies hukm hyT lwB isMh fogrw dI &Oj ny AwauNidAW hI goly clwey sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek golw bwbw bIr isMG dI l`q ’qy l`gw sI qy auh burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw sI[ jdoN jrnYl gulwb isMG ƒ bwby dy z^mI hox dw pqw lgw sIqW auh bwby ƒ imlx igAw sI[ hwl-cwl pu`Cx mgroN aus ny bwby ƒ ikhw sI ik auh Aqr isMG ƒ aunHW dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ies vyly Aqr isMG Awp vI au~Qy Aw cukw sI[ gulwb isMG aus vyly AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIey dy GoVy ’qy svwr sI[ Awpxy mwry jw cuky BqIjy dw GoVw vyK ky aus nUM roh Aw igAw[ sI aus ny AwpxI donwlI bMduUk coN iek golI jnrl gulwb isMG ’qy clweI sI, ijs nwl auh mwirAw igAw sI[ ies ’qy gulwb isMG dy &OjIAW ny bMdUkW clw ky Aqr isMG ƒ mwr idqw sI qy aus dw isr v`F ilAw sI[ ies mgroN aunHW ny golIAW mwr ky kMvr kSmIrw isMG, mhwrwjw Syr isMG dw dIvwn ivswKw isMG Aqy pMdrW sO hor is`K mwr idqy sn; mwry jwx vwilAW ivc bwbw bIr isMG vI sI[ ies dy nwl hI hIrw isMh dI &Oj ny swrw fyrw vI lut ilAw sI[ ies kqlyAwm ivcoN kuJ lok bc ky inkl gey sn Aqy dirAw vl dOVy sn[ dirAw dy dUjy pwsy kpUrQlw dI &Oj ny golwbwrI kr ky ienHW ivcoN bhuqy is`K mwr id`qy sn[ ies mgroN hIrw isMh dI &Oj Aqr isMG dw isr lY ky hIrw isMh kol lwhOr pu`jI sI qy eInwm hwisl kIqy sn[ ieh kqlyAwm 6 meI 1845 dy idn hoieAw sI[ ies mgroN kuJ smW BweI mhwrwj isMG ny ies dw pRbMD kIqw sI; pr AMgRyzW nwl lVweIAW ivc aus dI SmUlIAq kwrn aus nUM m&rUr rihxw ipAw sI[ dsMbr 1849 ivc aus nUM igR&qwr kr ky pihlW klk`qw Aqy iPr isMgwpur Byj id`qw igAw sI, ij`Qy 5 julweI 1856 dy idn aus dI mOq ho geI sI[  nOrMgwbwd dw fyrw ies mgroN AwpxI purwxI Swn ivc kdy nhIN Aw sikAw sI[ ies

ivc bhuq kIqI pyNitMg vyKIAW jw skdIAW ijnHW ivcoN kuJ qW iblkul nwXwb hn.

 

nOrMgwbwd dy fyry dI hux dI hwlq

 

(bwbw) bIr isMG dw iek klipq icqR

 

 

nO l`Kw ipMf

 izlHw &qhgVH ivc srhMd-pitAwlw mwrg ’qy iek ipMf (srhMd qoN 13 Aqy pitAwlw qoN 19 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy iek vwr gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb Awey sn; mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk mwqw gujrI vI aunHW dy nwl sn[ iek kwlpink (pr iblkul JUTI) khwxI muqwibk jd gurU jI ie`Qy sn qW l`KI rwey vxjwrw nW dw iek vpwrI ieDr AwieAw hoieAw sI[ aus dw Jotw guAwc igAw qW aus ny AYlwn kIqw ik jy aus dw Jotw l`B ipAw qW bhuq rkm gurU jI dI Byt cVHweygw[ A^Ir aus nUM Jotw l`B ipAw qW aus ny gurU jI kol Aw ky nON mnsUrI tky Byt kIqy[ ies ’qy gurU jI ny ikhw ik ‘qyry  nON tky nON l`K muhr dy brwbr hn’[ ies kr ky ies QW dw nW nOl`Kw pY igAw[ ieh khwxI g`p ies kr

ky hY ik l`KI rwey vxjwrw aus smyN dw sB qoN v`fw vxjwrw sI, ijs kol iek l`K dy krIb mulwzm Aqy iqMn l`K dy krIb hwQI, GoVy, aUT Aqy bld sn[Aijhw bMdw Awpxw bld l`Bx vwsqy ies ipMf ivc GuMmdw hoxw mzwk hI hY.

nQwxw

 izlHw biTMfw dw  ngr (biTMfw qoN 20 iklomItr dUr) ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb mihrwj dI lVweI qoN ip`CoN Awey sn Aqy iek rwq ie`Qy ruky sn[jd gurU jI nQwxw pu`jy sn qW ie`QoN dy iek fyrydwr kwlU nwQ ny gurU jI dI bhuq syvw kIqI sI Aqy is`KI Dwrn kIqI sI[ Aj klH nQwxw ivc kwlU nwQ dw bhuq v`fw fyrw hY qy aus dI Xwd ivc v`fw mylw lgdw hY[ pr, hux hor swry fyirAW vWg, aus dy fyry vwly is`KI dI mirAwdw dw pRcwr nhIN krdy[ ies ngr ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw gurUsr’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy vI keI hor gurduAwirAW vWg Zlq ieiqhws iliKAw hoieAw hY ik gurU jI ie`Qy 21 idn rhy sn; jd ik gurU jI isr& iek rwq rhy sn[ dUjw, ies ivc mihrwj dI jMg dy muZl jrnYlW dy nW l`lw byZ Aqy kmr byZ ilKy hoey hn jo ik kvI sMqoK isMG dy idmwZ dI aupj sn[ mwry gey is`KW dI igxqI 1273 vI kvI sMqoK isMG dy idmwZ dI kwF hY.

gurduAwrw gurUsr

nQwxw gurduAwry ivc l`gw hoieAw borf

nQwxw swihb grduAwrw

 izlHw pitAwlw dI rwjpurw qihsIl dy iek ipMf jMf mGOlI ivc gurU Amr dws swihb dI Xwd ivc ‘gurduAwrw nQwxw swihb pwqSwhI qIjI’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ie`Qy pRcwrI jWdI iek klipq khwxI muqwibk gurU Amr dws swihb gurU bxn qoN pihlW qIrQ Xwqrw jWidAW ie`QoN 22 vwr lMGy Aqy ruky sn[ pihlW ieh pRcwr kIqw jWdw sI ik ie`Qy gurU qyZ bhwdr jI Awey sn.

nwnksr klyrW

izlHw luiDAwxw dy ipMf klyrW ivc nMd isMG qy eISr isMG dw fyrw ijs dy hux cwr ih`sy bx cuky hn[ ienHW ivcoN keI qW kql dy jurm ivc jylH vI k`t cuky hn[ ienHW ny Awpxy fyirAW ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dy srUp qW r`Ky hoey hn pr au~QoN dI mirAwdw Aqy au~Qy kIqIAW jwx vwlIAW kwrvweIAW qkrIbn swrIAW hI gurmiq dy ault hn Aqy is`KI dw nukswn krn vwlIAW hn[ ieh lok qW nMd isMG Aqy eISr isMG dy gurU hox dw pRcwr vI krdy hn[ ieh Awpxy Awp nUM isKI dy pRcwrk kih ky Boly Bwly lokW nUM mUrK bxwauNdy hn.

nwnikAwxw swihb

 izlHw sMgrUr ivc (sMgrUr qoN 4 iklomItr dUr) ipMf mMgvwl ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc bixAw gurduAwrw[ gurU nwnk swihb AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn sqMbr-AkqUbr 1507 ivc pwkptn qoN cl ky ies QW Awey sn[ mgroN ies QW ’qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb Aqy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb vI Awey sn[ pihlW ieh gurduAwrw in`kw ijhw sI; auh ies dI bhu v`fI iemwrq bx cukI hY Aqy nwl iek qlwA vI hY:

 

     ‘gurduAwrw nwnikAwxw swihb’ qoN ielwvw Cy gurduAwry ‘Cotw nwnikAwxw swihb’ nW vwly vI hn (1. dIpwlpur, izlHw EkwVHw  2. hujrw Swh mukIm, izlHw EkwVHw 3. ipMf mWgw, izlHw lwhOr  4. nwnk jwgIr, izlHw EkwVHw  5. syEkI, izlHw isAwlkot  6. skrdU, igligq, kSmIr): vyKo: Cotw nwnikAwxw swihb.

nwnkwxw/nwnikAwxw swihb

 p`CmI pMjwb ivc lwhOr qoN 91 iklomItr dUr, gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm AsQwn[ ies dw pihlw nW rwey Boie dI qlvMfI sI; ies nUM rwie Boie/Boj (1380-1454), jo gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN hoey rwey bulwr (1430-1518) dw ipqw sI, ny vswieAw sI; rwey bulwr B`tI rwjpUq sI, ijhVw muslmwn bx igAw sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dw jnm AsQwn hox kr ky ies dw nW nwnkwxw swihb (nwnk +AXnm@=Gr) jwixAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ iksy vyly ieh Sy^Upurw izlHw dw iek ipMf sI, iPr qihsIl bxw id`qw igAw sI, Aqy meI  2005 ivc nwnkwxw swihb nUM iek izlHw bxw id`qw igAw sI[ ieh ipMf hux iek ngr bx cukw hY[ sMn 2020 ivc ies dI AwbwdI qkrIbn 80 hzwr sI[ gurU nwnk swihb ies ipMf ivc 20 AkqUbr 1469 dy idn mihqw kilAwx dws Aqy mwqw iqRpqw dy Gr pYdw hoey sn[ gurU jI ny AwpxI aumr dy pihly 35 swl (sMn 1469 qoN 1504 qk) ie`Qy hI ibqwey sn, ijs dOrwn auh vpwr krdy rhy sn; Aqy ies mksd vwsqy auh v`K-v`K ielwikAW ivc jWdy rihMdy sn[ aunHW dy dohW pu`qrW dw jnm iesy QW hoieAw sI[

     mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn dI pihlI iemwrq, ‘koTw swihb’ dy nW hyT, aunHW dy poqy Drm cMd (1523-1618), pu`qr lKmI dws, ny sMn 1579 ivc bxweI sI[ Drm cMd fyrw bwbw nwnk qoN ie`Qy kdy-kdy AwauNdw huMdw sI[ aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr imhr cMd Aqy aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr inDwn cMd vI kdy-kdweIN k`qk dI pUrnmwSI dy idn gurU jI dw pRkwS idn mnwaux vwsqy AwieAw krdy sn[ sMn 1688 ivc inDwn cMd dy pu`qr lwjpq ny hnUMmwn nW dy iek swDU nUM ies ‘koTw swihb’ dI syvw sMBwl vwsqy qweInwq kr id`qw sI[ sMn 1690 ivc lwjpq ny dunI cMd audwsI (jlwlpur j`tW, izlHw gujrwq) Aqy n`Qw isMG (sulqwnpur loDI) nUM vI ies QW sI syvw sMBwl vwsqy Byj id`qw sI[ ienHW ny Aw ky ies QW nUM ‘nwnkwxw swihb’ dy nW hyT mShUr kr ky hr swl k`qk dI pUrnmwSI dy idn gurU nwnk swihb dw pRkwS idn mnwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI (nwnkwxw qoN nnkwxw nW sMn 1850 qoN bhuq mgroN AMgryzW v`loN ZlqI nwl nW ilKx kr ky mShUr hoieAw sI)[ koTw swihb dI syvw sMBwl krn vwly iqMny jxy hMnUmwn, dunI cMd Aqy n`Qw isMG mOjUdw gurduAwrw bwl lIlHw dy nyVy Gr bxw ky irhw krdy sn[ hOlI-hOlI ieQy hor lok vI Awbwd hox lg pey sn[ pujwrI hnUmwn dy mrn mgroN aus dw cylw tUkI rwm Aqy aus mgroN aus dw cylw ZrIb dws ies QW dw mhMq irhw sI[ ZrIb dws qoN mgroN  hrI rwm Aqy aus qoN mgroN g`Xw nW dw mhMq syvw krdy rhy sn; g`Xw dI mOq sMn 1823 ivc hoeI sI[ ies mgroN n`Qw isMG inrmlw bwl lIlHw gurduAwry dw Aqy kwhn isMG inrmlw ikAwrw swihb dw mhMq rhy sn[ jnm AsQwn dw ieMqzwm gulwb dws kol sI; auh sMn 1862 ivc mirAw sI[ aus mgroN aus dw cylw JMfw dws syvw krdw irhw sI[ JMfw dws sMn 1882 ivc mirAw qW aus dI QW ’qy swDU rwm ny syvw sMBwlI sI[ swDU rwm sMn 1905 ivc mr igAw sI[ aus dI QW ’qy ikSn dws mhMq bixAw sI[ ikSn cMd dI mOq sMn 1914 ivc hoeI sI[ aus mgroN mhMq nrYx dws (nrYxU) nwnkwxw swihb dw mhMq bixAw sI[ auN\ qW swDU rwm qy ikSn cMd dw ie^lwk vI mwVw sI; auh dovyN SrwbI qy ivBcwrI sn, pr, nrwiex dws ny qW h`d hI kr id`qI sI[ aus ny ies gurdUAwry nUM A`XwSI Aqy ivBcwr dw A`fw bxw ilAw sI, ijs kwrn is`K bhuq duKI sn[ A^Ir 20 &rvrI 1921 dy idn fyF sO qoN vD is`KW dy kæqlyAwm mgroN ies dw ieMqzwm is`KW dy Awpxy h`Q ivc AwieAw sI[

     nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwry: sMn 1738 ivc dIvwn kOVw m`l ny koTw swihb dI QW ’qy nvIN iemwrq bxvw id`qI sI Aqy lok ies nUM gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn kihx lg pey sn[ hux hr swl bwkwiedw k`qk dI pUrnmwSI dy idn gurU nwnk purb mnwieAw jwx lg ipAw sI[ dIvwn kOVw m`l ny gurduAwrw bwl krIrw (hux bwl lIlHw) Aqy gurduAwrw mwl* jIE (hux mwl jI swihb) vI bxwey sn (vx dy dr^q nUM mwl kihMdy hn; ie`Qy vx dy bhuq swry ru`K sn)[

     sMn 1819-20 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ie`Qy nvIN iemwrq bxweI sI[ iPr sMn 1930 qy sMn 1940 ivc ies ivc hor vwDw kIqw igAw sI[ ies mgroN isr& jnm AsQwn hI nhIN blik nwnkwxw swihb dy hr gurduAwry dI nvIN iemwrq bxweI geI hY[ sMn 1984 qoN mgroN ieMglYNf Aqy hor mulkW dy is`KW ny ngr ivc sYNkVy XwqrUAW dy rihx vwsqy srwvW bxw id`qIAW sn[

     jnm AsQwn nwnkwxw swihb dy nW ’qy 16692 eykV zmIn l`gI hoeI hY (sMn 1935 dy iek irkwrf ivc ieh rkbw 17539 GumW sI)[ B`tI pirvwr dw dwAvw hY ik aunHW ny 1100 eykV zmIn gurduAwry vwsqy Byt kIqI sI[ purwxIAW ilKqW muqwibk ies ipMf dI swrI zmIn mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny gurduAwry dy nW kr id`qI sI; B`tI ^wndwn v`loN zmIn dwn krn dI g`l mgroN pRcwrI geI sI[ nwnkwxw swihb ipMf dw rkbw 18 hzwr eykV hY[

     nwnkwxw swihb ivc jnm AsQwn qoN ielwvw 6 hor gurduAwry vI hn: 1. bwl lIlw: ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb bcpn ivc Kyfdy huMdy sn[ ies QW ’qy iek qlwb vI hY[ ies gurduAwry dy nW ’qy 120 mur`by zmIn lgI hoeI hY  2. p`tI swihb: ie`Qy gurU nwnk swihb ny pWDy koloN mu`FlI pVHweI kIqI sI  3. mwljI swihb: iek klipq khwxI muqwibk gurU jI ies QW ’qy mwl fMgr crwieAw krdy sn[ iek dupihr vyly s`p v`loN gurU jI ’qy CW krn dI kwlpink khwxI  iesy QW nwl joVI jWdI hY[ ies gurduAwry nwl vI 180 mur`by zmIn hY  4. ikAwrw swihb: gurU jI dy fMgrW v`loN iksy ikswn dI Psl aujwVn Aqy gurU jI v`loN aus KyqI nUM hrw krn dI kwlpink khwxI ies QW nwl joVI jWdI hY[ ies grduAwry dy nW 45 mur`by zmIn hY   5. qMbU swihb: ipqw v`loN vpwr krn vwsqy id`qY vIh rupY cUhVkwxw ivc Bu`Ky swDUAW dI rotI vwsqy ^rc krn Aqy qlvMfI vwips Aw ky ipqw dI mwr qoN bcx vwsqy lu`k jwx vwlI  kwlpink khwxI ies QW nwl joVI jWdI hY  6. gurduAwrw pMjvIN qy CyvIN pwqSwhI: gurU Arjn swihb Aqy gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy ies ipMf Awaux dI Xwd ivc ieh gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies gurduAwry dy nW 13 GumW zmIn hY.

 

nwnkwxw swihb dw swkw 

sMn 1920 ivc hor qvwrI^I gurduAwirAW vWg gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq vI bVI mwVI sI[ gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm AsQwn dw ieµqzwm inrmly Aqy audwsI swDUAW dy h`Q sI[ au~nIvIN sdI dy A`D qk ieh ieµqzwm TIk cldw irhw sI pr mhµq swDU rwm dy vyly (1882-1905) qoN ies ivc bhuq ^rwbIAW AwauxIAW SurU ho geIAW[ mhµq ny Srwb pIxI qy ivBcwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ƒ ‘gupq rog’ dI bImwrI ho geI[ aus qoN bwAd mhµq ikSn dws (1905-1914) AwieAw[ aus dy iek ivDvw AOrq nwl njwiez sbµD sn qy aus qoN iek lVkw vI sI[ aus ny Awpxy BqIjy dy ivAwh ’qy gurduAwry dI hdUd ivc kµjrIAW vI ncweIAW sn[ muµfw ivAwhux geI brwq, sxy mhµq dy, kuVI vwilAW dy ipµf ivc SrwbI ho ky, ipµf dIAW AOrqW nwl m^Ol krn kr ky, ju`qIAW Kw ky AweI sI[ ijs gupq rog nwl swDU rwm mirAw sI, auhI rog ikSn dws ƒ vI ho igAw[ ikSn dws lwhOr ivc rihx l`g ipAw[ iek idn aus dw cylw nrYx dws (nrYxU) lwhOr igAw Aqy mOq dy ibsqr ’qy pey ikSn dws dI jybH ’coN gurduAwry dIAW cwbIAW k`F ilAwieAw sI[ aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ mhµq AYlwn kr id`qw sI Aqy gurduAwry dy pYsy dy zor nwl pulIs qy guµifAW ƒ Awpxy nwl gµF ilAw sI[ kuJ icr mgroN mhµq ikSn dws mr igAw sI[ aus dy sskwr ’qy nrYx dws ny ilKqI qOr ’qy AYlwn kIqw sI ik mYˆ ikSn dws vrgIAW hrkqW nhIN krWgw qy sµgq dI mrzI lwl clWgw[

nrYx dws kuJ icr qW TIk cldw irhw sI pr CyqI hI aus ny vI ikSn dws vwly cwly PV ley sn[ aus ny iek muslmwn imrwsn Gr r`K leI sI[ ies qoN do muµfy qy do kuVIAW jµmIAW sn[ aus ny ienHW vwsqy do Gr (iek nwnkwxy qy dUjw rwm glI lwhOr) ivc bxw ky id`qy sn[ Agsq 1917 ivc nrYx dws ny vI kµjrIAW mµgvw ky gurduAwry dI hdUd ivc aunHW dw nwc-gwxw krvwieAw sI[ swry pwsy isµG sBwvW ny ies dI inµdw kIqI sI[ 1918 ivc iek isµDI pirvwr nwnkwxw swihb AwieAw[ Swm ƒ ijs vyly rihrws swihb dw pwT ho irhw sI qW iek pujwrI ny aus dI 13 swl dI DI dw ryp kIqw sI[ iesy swl dy A^Ir ’c jVHWvwlw dIAW Cy AOrqW gurduAwry dy drSnW vwsqy AweIAW sn; Aqy mhµq qy pujwrIAW ny ienHW CyAW nwl jbr-znwh kIqw sI[ AijhIAW hrkqW hor vI keI vwr hoeIAW sn pr lok byiezqI qoN frdy d`sdy nhIN sn[

ies mwhOl ivc 1, 2, 3 AkqUbr 1920 ƒ ipµf DwrovwlI ivc iek v`fw iek`T hoieAw sI[ ies dIvwn ivc fw: ikclU, AwZw s&dr qy hor gYr-is`K AwgU vI Swiml hoey sn[ dIvwn ivc mw: moqw isµG, mw: suµdr isµG lwielpurI, dwn isµG vCoAw, jsvµq isµG Jbwl qy hornW ny lYkcr kIqy sn Aqy nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq bwry i&kr zwihr kIqw sI[ dIvwn ny nwnkwxw swihb dy gurduAwry dy suDwr bwry mqw pws kIqw sI[ iesy dIvwn ivc lCmx isµG DwrovwlI ny nwnkwxw swihb dy suDwr vwsqy ShIdI jQw bxwaux dw AYlwn kIqw sI[

ies dIvwn dI kwrvweI dI ^br mhµq nrYx dws ƒ vI pu`jI sI[ aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ suDwrn dI bjwie, nvµbr 1920 ivc, 400 guµfy iek`Ty kr ley sn qy aunHW ƒ qn^wh ’qy r`K ilAw sI[ ienHW guµifAW ivc rWJw qy irhwnw vrgy KUµKwr bdmwS qy kwiql vI sn[ nrYx dws ny krqwr isµG bydI (BqIjw Kym isMG bydI) dI mdd nwl mhµqW, swDUAW, bydIAW qy kUikAW (auh Ajy Awpxy Awp nUM ‘nwmDwrI’ nhIN kihMdy sn) dw iek iek`T 12 nvµbr 1920 dy idn AKwVw sµgl vwlw (nyVy drbwr swihb AMimRqsr) ivc kIqw sI[ mhµq goibµd dws (jmSyr) dI pRDwngI hyT 53 mhµq ies iek`T ivc Swiml hoey sn[ ies ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw ik AkwlIAW dw twkrw zor-Sor nwl kIqw jwvy[ mhµq nrYx dws ny bydI krqwr isµG nwl rl ky 60 hzwr rupY iek`Ty kIqy sn Aqy lwhOr qoN h&qwvwrI ‘sµq syvk’ A^bwr SurU kIqw sI[ ieh A^bwr mu&q vµifAw jWdw sI[ ies dy nwl hI mhµqW ny AwpxI v`KrI ‘gurduAwrw kmytI’ vI bxw leI sI[ ieh kmytI isr& idKwvy vwsqy hI sI qy ies dw koeI rol nhIN sI[ ies kmytI dw pRDwn mhµq nrYx dws Aqy sk`qr bsµq dws mwxk bixAw sI[

mhµq ny nvµbr 1920 ivc AkwlIAW v`loN gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kIqy jwx dy ^dSy ƒ swhvyN r`KidAW ijhVy 400 bµdy iek`Ty kr ley sn, aunHW ƒ 25-26 nvµbr 1920 dy idn gurU nwnk swihb dy jnm idn dy mOky ’qy gurduAwry dy Aµdr Aqy Awly-duAwly qweInwq kIqw hoieAw sI[ pr aus idn AkwlIAW dw gurduAwry ’qy kbzw krn dw koeI pRogrwm nhIN sI[ ies dy bwvjUd mhµq ny aus idn iksy vI is`K ƒ ikrpwn lY ky gurduAwry dy Aµdr nhIN jwx id`qw sI[ ies idn BweI lCmx isµG DwrovwlI kuJ isµGW ƒ nwl lY ky gurduAwry AwieAw sI[ Ajy auh Aµdr vVy hI sn ik mhµq dy guµifAW ny CvHIAW qy tkUey h`QW ivc PVI aunHW ƒ Gyr ilAw sI[ aus vyly ifptI kimSnr Aqy suprfYNt sI.AweI.fI. au~Qy hwizr sn[ ies kr ky iek vwr qW swkw hoxoN ruk igAw sI vrnw 20 PrvrI 1921 dw swkw 26 nvµbr 1920 dy idn hI vwpr jwxw sI[ gurpurb qoN mgroN mhµq ny bhuqy bµdy vwips Byj id`qy sn pr rWJw, swKU qy kwnHw vrgy ^UµKwr bµdy Awpxy kol r`K ley sn[ ies mgroN mhµq ny nwnkwxw swihb ivc iklHwbµdI krnI SurU kr id`qI sI[ aus ny gurduAwry ƒ hr pwisEN jµgI hmly vwlI ih&wzq dy ihswb nwl mzbUq kr ilAw sI qy Aµdr Asly dw ^zwnw vI iek`Tw kr ilAw sI[ ies swry dI ^br kimSnr ikµg, hornW pulIs qy sI.AweI.fI. A&srW, ifptI kimSnr Aqy gvrnr ƒ vI sI pr aunHW ny jwx buJ ky cu`p v`tI hoeI sI[ mhµq dI ies swrI kwrvweI qy plwinµg bwry is`K AwgU vI jwxdy sn Aqy aunHW ny ies bwry dIvwnW ivc Aqy pRYs ivc vI vwrinµg id`qI hoeI sI[

krqwr isMG J`br ny jnvrI 1921 dy A`D ivc iek ic`TI SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy sk`qr nUM ilKI sI ijs ivc ieh ikhw ik SRomxI kmytI nUM nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq dw i&kr krnw cwhIdw hY qy mhMq dIAW kwrvweIAW dy i^lw& koeI kwrvweI krnI cwhIdI hY, vrnw ikqy Aijhw nw hovy ik sMgqW Awp hI nwnkwxw swihb v`l cwly pw dyx[ sk`qr ny 21 jnvrI nUM ieh ic`TI SRomxI kmytI dI 21 jnvrI nUM hox vwlI mIitMg dy AjMfy ivc r`K id`qI sI[

21 jnvrI 1921 dy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbµDk kmytI dI hoeI mIitµg ivc, J`br dI ic`TI dy ADwr ’qy nwnkwxw swihb dI hwlq ’qy ivcwrW hoeIAW sn[ mIitµg ivc &Yslw kIqw igAw sI ik nwnkwxw swihb dy hwlwq sbMDI iek KulHw ic`Tw Cwp ky sMgqW ivc ByijAw jwvy, Aqy 4-5-6 mwrc 1921 dy idn nwnkwxw swihb ivc iek dIvwn kIqw jwey Aqy mhµq ƒ Awpxw suDwr krn vwsqy AwiKAw jwvy[ SRomxI kmytI ny ies sbµD ivc iek ic`TI vI jwrI kIqI sI ijs ivc srkrdw is`KW ƒ ApIl kIqI geI sI ik auh mhµq ƒ smJwaux ik auh gurduAwrw pµQ dy hvwly kr dyvy[ ieh ic`TI pµjwb srkwr, is`K rwijAW, srkwrI A&srW Aqy srkrdw S^sIAqW ƒ vI ByjI geI sI[ 6 PrvrI ƒ SRomxI kmytI ny lCmx isµG DwrovwlI, dlIp isµG sWglw, qyjw isµG smuµdrI, krqwr isµG J`br qy b^SIS isµG dI iek kmytI bxw id`qI qW jo auh 4-5-6 mwrc dy dIvwn ivc Swiml hox vwlIAW l`KW sµgqW vwsqy lµgr dw ieµqzwm kry[

AkwlI kwn&rµs dy AYlwn qoN mhµq fr igAw sI[ aus ny j: J`br nwl g`lbwq krn vwsqy ivcoly pw ley sn[ mhµq ny AwpxI qr&oN pySkS kIqI sI ik auh nwnkwxw swihb vwsqy iek kmytI mµnx vwsqy iqAwr hY, bSrqy ik (1) aus ƒ k`iFAw nw jwvy (2) auh vI kmytI dw mYNbr hovy Aqy (3) aus ƒ qn^wh dI bjwie Awmdn dw iek ih`sw id`qw jwieAw kry[ j: J`br ny mhµq dI pihlI qy qIjI Srq mµn leI pr dUjI Srq bwry aus ƒ ikhw igAw ik ies dw &Yslw SRomxI kmytI hI kr skdI hY[ jdoN ies dI irport SRomxI kmytI ƒ id`qI geI qW kmytI ny mhµq nwl g`lbwq krn vwsqy iek sb-kmytI bxw id`qI[ ies kmytI ivc  krqwr isµG J`br, BweI joD isµG, qyjw isµG smuµdrI, bUtw isG vkIl qy ikhr isµG p`tI Swiml sn[ ies kmytI ny mhµq ƒ g`lbwq krn vwsqy 7-8-9  &rvrI 1921 dy idn gurduAwrw Krw sOdw bulw ilAw sI[

mhµq ny is`KW dw iDAwn g`lbwq ivc lw ky jµgI iqAwrIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ aus ny 28 pTwx p`ky qOr ’qy qn^wh ’qy r`K ley sn[ BweI PyrU Aqy mwJy dy hor ielwikAW qoN mhµq dw BqIjw KUµKwr kwql BwVy ’qy lY AwieAw sI[ hux aus ny nwnkwxw swihb dw bwhrlw l`kV dw drvwzw htw ky iek lohy dw gyt lw ilAw sI[ gyt ivcoN golIAW clwaux vwsqy Cyk r`K ley sn[ gurduAwry dy Awly duAwly dy kmirAW dIAW dIvwrW ivc vI golIAW clwaux vwsqy Cyk Aqy JroKy bxw ley sn[ ies dy nwl hI mhµq ny bwkI mhµqW, bydIAW qy kUikAW nwl vI rwbqw bxw ilAw sI[ 7 PrvrI 1921 dy idn mhµq ny Awpxy bµidAW Aqy ihmwieqIAW dw iek iek`T gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn dI hdUd ivc bulwieAw sI[ ies ivc aus dy ilAWdy swry guµfy qy kwqlW qoN ielwvw nwnkwxw swihb dy B`tI muslmwn, bydI krqwr isµG, kUkw mµgl isµG (kUkw/nwmDwrI) Aqy hor keI bµdy Swiml sn[ ienHW swrIAW ny ksmW KwDIAW sn ik AkwlIAW nwl lVweI dI sUrq ivc auh swry mhµq dw swQ dyxgy[

7 PrvrI ƒ mhµq ny iek pwsy AwpxI ieh ^u&IAw mIitµg bulweI hoeI sI qy dUjy pwsy aus ny AkwlIAW nwl hox vwlI mIitµg ivc Awp jwx dI bjwie Awpxy bµidAW suµdr dws qy hrI dws ƒ Krw sOdw Byj id`qw sI qy AkwlIAW ƒ AwiKAw sI ik auh aunHW ƒ 15 &rvrI ƒ SyKUpurw ivc imlygw[ J`br jdoN 14 PrvrI ƒ SyKUpurw pu`ijAw qW aus ƒ pqw l`gw ik mhµq nhIN Aw irhw[ mhµq dy swQI jIvn dws ny J`br ƒ d`isAw ik mhµq aus ƒ Aqy bUtw isµG ƒ lwhOr ivc imlygw[ ieh mIitµg 15 PrvrI svyry 10 vjy Amr isµG lwiel gzt dy Gr im`QI geI sI[ mhµq ies mIitµg ’qy vI nw AwieAw[ drAsl mhµq AkwlIAW ƒ trkw ky aunHW dw iDAwn AwpxI plwinµg v`loN htw irhw sI[ 14 PrvrI ƒ mhµq ny iek hor mIitµg kIqI sI, ijs ivc 5 mwrc dy AkwlI iek`T ivc swry is`K AwgUAW ƒ kql krn dw pRogrwm bxwieAw sI[ j: J`br muqwibk aus dw iek sUhIAw mhµq kol irhw krdw sI[ aus ny mhµq dI swizS dI ^br J`br ƒ Aw d`sI sI[ j: J`br ausy vyly Krw sOdw igAw sI Aqy Awpxy swQIAW nwl ivcwr kIqI sI[ aunHW ny lCmx isµG DwrovwlI qy bUtw isµG ƒ s`d ByijAw sI[ ieh swry jxy 17 &rvrI ƒ imly qy &Yslw hoieAw ik mhµq dI nwpwk swizS nMU PylH krn vwsqy 19-20 qwrI^ dI rwq ƒ nwnkwxw swihb phuµc ky 20 &rvrI ƒ gurduAwry ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jwvy[ aunHW ƒ pqw sI ik mhµq is`K-mu^wl&W vloN 19-20 PrvrI ƒ lwhOr ivc hox vwlI ‘snwqnI is`K kwn&rµs’ ivc ih`sw lYx jw irhw hY[ ies mIitµg ivc swry bydI, soFI, B`ly, audwsI, inrmly, kUky (nwmDwrI), inhµg, A`fx SwhIey, suQrw SwhIey, gihr gµBIrIey, inrµkwrI, crndwsIey, snwqnI, mhµq, pujwrI qy swD bulwey gey sn[ ies mIitµg dI pRDwngI krqwr isµG bydI ny krnI sI[ ies ivc AkwlIAW dw twkrw krn vwsqy sWJI AYkSn plwn iqAwr kIqI jwxI sI[

17 PrvrI dI mIitµg ivc J`br, lCmx isµG qy bUtw isµG SyKUpurw ny plwn bxweI ik bUtw isµG 19 PrvrI ƒ nwnkwxw swihb puj jwvy[ ausy rwq lCmx isµG dw jQw cµdrkot phuµc jwvygw[ (cµdrkot nwnkwxw swihb qoN kuJ ku iklomItr hY)[ dUjy pwisEN J`br dw jQw Aw jwvygw qy dovyN jQy 20 PrvrI dI svyr ƒ nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwry dw kbzw lY lYxgy[ mIitµg mgroN BweI bUtw isµG lwielpur igAw qy kuJ swQIAW nwl slwh kIqI Aqy Pyr nwnkwxy Aw igAw[ auDr kuJ AkwlIAW nUM vI ies dI ^br iml geI sI[ hrcµd isµG, qyjw isµG qy mwstr qwrw isµG ny Awps ivc mSvrw kr ky &Yslw kIqw ik nwnkwxw swihb qy ieµ\ kbzw nw kIqw jwey[ aunHW ny hor AwgUAW nwl g`lbwq krn vwsqy 19 PrvrI ƒ lwhOr ivc mIitµg bulw leI sI[ ies mIitµg ivc srdUl isµG kvISr, suµdr isµG lwielpurI, jsvµq isµG Jbwl qy dlIp isµG sWglw vI hwizr sn[ ies mIitµg ny &Yslw kIqw ik SRomxI kmytI v`loN r`Ky dIvwn qoN pihlW koeI jQw nwnkwxw swihb ’qy kbzw nw kry[ mIitµg ny BweI dlIp isµG qy jsvµq isµG dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh J`br ƒ rokx vwsqy Krw sOdw jwx[ jdoN BweI dlIp isµG Krw sOdw pu`jy qW J`br jw cu`kw sI[ ie`QoN auh cµdrkot gey qy J`br ƒ rok ilAw[ mgroN aunHW ny dlIp isµG qy virAwm isµG dI ifaUtI lweI ik auh J`br dI ic`TI iljw ky lCmx isµG ƒ dy ky jQy ƒ kbzw krn jwx qoN rok lYx[ dlIp isµG nwnkwxw swihb pu`j ky au~qm isµG kwrKwnydwr dy Gr clw igAw[ ies dy nwl hI aus ny dlIp isµG qy virAwm isµG dI ifaUtI lweI sI ik auh J`br dI ic`TI iljw ky lCmx isµG ƒ dy ky jQy ƒ kbzw krn jwx qoN rok lYx[ dlIp isµG nwnkwxw swihb pu`j ky au~qm isµG kwrKwnydwr dy Gr clw igAw qy virAwm isµG dI ifaUtI lw igAw ik auh nwnkwxw swihb dy bwhr Pwtk ’qy lCmx isµG ƒ rok lvy[ J`br dI ic`TI pVH ky lCmx isMG kbzw nw krn dI g`l mMn igAw[ pr ies mOky ’qy tihl isMG nW dy iek is`K dy zor pwaux ’qy aunHW ny &Yslw kIqw ik vwips muVn qoN pihlW m`Qw tyikAw jwvy[

      auDr 19 PrvrI 1921 ƒ bwAd dupihr mhµq nwnkwxw swihb stySn ’qy pOxy cwr vjy lwhOr jwx vwlI g`fI PVn vwsqy phuµc cu`kw sI[ ies mOky ’qy iek muslmwn AOrq aus kol AweI qy aus ƒ d`isAw ik is`KW dw iek jQw bu`cyAwxw phuµc cu`ikAw hY[ mhµq ny lwhOr jwx dw pRogrwm r`d kr id`qw Aqy vwips Aw ky swry guµifAW ƒ tkUey qy hor hiQAwr vµf id`qy[ aus ny im`tI dw qyl qy bhuq swrI l`kV vI iek`TI kr leI sI[ aus kol cwr bµdUkW vI sn[ mhµq kol golIAW qy bwrUd dw vI bVw stwk iek`Tw hoieAw ipAw sI[ aus ny keI idn pihlW gurduAwrw qy ies dy Awly-duAwly dy mkwnW dIAW C`qW ’qy p`QrW qy ie`tW dy Fyr lw ky r`Ky hoey sn[ mhµq ƒ ieh hrkqW kridAW au~qm isµG kwrKwnydwr ny vyK ilAw sI qy aus ny ies sbµDI ifptI kimSnr ƒ iliKAw vI sI pr aus dI ic`TI aunHW nUM swkw vwprn qoN mgroN pu`jI sI[

lCmx isµG DwrovwlI dw jQw svyry 6 vjy gurduAwrw jnm AsQwn ivc phuµicAw sI[ aunHW Aµdr phuµc ky, m`Qw tyk ky, kIrqn krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ kuJ icr kIrqn jwrI irhw sI[ eyny icr ivc mhµq ny guµifAW ƒ Aslw dy ky puzISnW sµBwl id`qIAW sn[ mhµq ny gurduAwry dy bwhrly drvwzy bµd kr id`qy sn[ QoVHy icr ivc hI mhµq ny aunHW ƒ kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw sI[ hukm imlidAW hI rWJw, irhwnw Aqy do hor kwiqlW ny is`KW ƒ golIAW nwl Buµnxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ kuJ plW ivc hI 25-26 isµG mwr id`qy gey sn[ ies dOrwn mhµq dy bwkI guµfy Aqy aus dy iek`Ty kIqy swDU is`KW au~qy p`QrW qy ie`tW dw mINh vrHwauNdy rhy sn[ ienHW guµifAW dIAW clweIAW golIAW ivcoN kuJ gurU gRµQ swihb ƒ vI l`gIAW sn[ ies vyly 60 dy krIb is`K cOKµfI vwly ih`sy ivc mOjUd sn[ aunHW ny AµdroN kuµfy mwr ley sn[ hux mhµq dy guµfy drSnI ifauVI dI C`q ’qy Aw gey Aqy hyTW nzr Awaux vwly hr iek is`K ƒ golIAW dw inSwnw bxwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ jdoN aunHW dyiKAw ik swry is`K burI qrHW z^mI jW kql ho cu`ky hn qW auh C`q qoN auqr ky hyTW Aw gey sn[ hux aunHW bwhrly gyt KolH id`qy[ pµj Cy is`K drSnI ifauVI dy vrWfy ivc nzr Awey sn[ aunHW ’qy golIAW clweIAW geIAW sn[ jo mrnoN bc gey sn aunHW ƒ CvHIAW Aqy toikAW nwl v`F id`qw igAw sI[ iek hor kmry ivc 25 ku is`K sn[ auh vI kql kr id`qy gey sn[ eyny ivc kuJ hor XwqrU is`K bwhr Aw phuµcy sn[ mhµq dy bµdy koiTAW ’qy cVH gey qy aunHW golIAW clwauxIAw SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ ies mOky ’qy kuJ z^mI is`K bwhr B`jx ivc kwmXwb ho gey sn[ do is`KW ƒ pOVIAW cVHidAW z^mI kr ky koTy qoN su`t ky mwr id`qw igAw sI[ mhµq nrYx dws mUµh qy cwdr lpytI GoVy ’qy ciVHAw hukm jwrI kr irhw sI Aqy hdwieqW dy irhw sI[ auh AwK irhw sI ik ie`k vI is`K ijaUNdw nw rihx id`qw jwvy[ eyny ivc kuJ hor is`K bwhroN Awey sn[ mhµq ny aunHW ƒ vI kql krn dw hukm id`qw sI[ mhµq ny Awp vI golI clw ky iek is`K nUM mwr id`qw sI[ aus dy bµidAW ny 5 hor is`K mwry sn[ ies mgroN rWJy qy kuJ swDUAW ny bwhroN Awey nvyN is`KW ivcoN bc ky B`jy bµidAW dw ip`Cw kIqw sI qy rylvy lweIn kol iqµn bµdy kql kr id`qy sn, iek jW do is`K KyqW ivc vI kql kIqy gey sn[ ies mgroN cOKµfI dw drvwzw qoV ky mhµq ny Aµdrly swry is`K kql kr id`qy sn, isr& iek 12 swl dw b`cw gurU gRµQ swihb dy pIVHy hyTW luikAw hoieAw hox kr ky bc igAw sI[

golIAW clx dI Awvwz sux ky dlIp isµG swhovwl, jo pOxw iklomItr dUr, au~qm isµG kwrKwnydwr dy Gr bYTw sI, jnm AsQwn v`l B`ijAw sI[ auh Aqy virAwm isµG gurduAwry pu`jy qW aus vyly mhµq bwhroN Awey nvyN is`KW ƒ kql krn dw hukm dy irhw sI[ dlIp isµG ny mhµq ƒ kqlyAwm krnoN roikAw pr dlIp isµG dI g`l suxn dI bjwie mhµq ny ipsqOl k`F aus ƒ vI mwr id`qw sI[ aus dy iek bµdy ny virAwm isµG ƒ vI kql kr id`qw sI[

jdoN swry is`K kql kr id`qy gey qW mhµq ny swrIAW lwSW iek`TIAW krn dw hukm dy id`qw sI[ mhµq ny cwr lwSW ƒ C`f ky bwkI swrIAW PUk dyx vwsqy AwiKAw[ l`kVW iek`TIAW kr ky cOKµfI dy au~qr-p`CmI pwsy Fyr lw id`qw igAw[ A`g ivc su`tx qoN pihlW mhµq v`loN BwVy ’qy ilAWdy pTwxW ny lwSW dI qlwSI leI sI qy jo kuJ l`iBAw sI, AwpxIAW jybHW ivc pw ilAw sI[ ies mgroN lwSW bldI icKw ivc su`t id`qIAW geIAW sn[ ienHW iv`coN kuJ Ajy ijaUNdy vI sn[ aunHW iv`coN ijs ny vI au~Tx dI koiSS kIqI aus ƒ CvHIAW qy lwTIAW mwr ky Pyr A`g iv`c su`t id`qw igAw sI[ jo is`K gurduAwry dy bwhr kql kIqy gey sn aunHW ƒ mwr ky nyVy iek GuimAwr dI B`TI ivc su`t ky swV id`qw igAw sI[ is`KW dIAW lwSW jlwaux vwsqy hukm jwrI krn mgroN mhµq ny Awp Srwb pIxI SurU kr id`qI sI; aus ny kæwql guµifAW ƒ vI Srwb phuµcweI sI[ guµfy SrwbW pINdy rhy sn Aqy lwSW iek`TIAW kr A`g dy Fyr ’qy su`tdy rhy sn[

dUjy pwsy golIAW dI Awvwz qy kqlyAwm dI ^br sux ky Sihr vwsIAW ny srkwr qy pulIs ƒ ieqlwh dyx dI kwrvweI SurU kIqI[ svyry svw A`T vjy AYn.AYs.sµDU, jo izlHw ieµjInIAr sI, ny iek bµdy ƒ GoVy ’qy ifptI kimSnr v`l ByijAw[ fI.sI. aus vkq nwnkwxw swihb qoN 19 iklomItr dUr ipµf mWgtvwlw ivc bYTw sI[ au~qm isµG kwr^wnydwr ny 9 vj ky 12 imµt ’qy gvrnr, kimSnr, ifptI kimSnr (fI.sI.), AYs.pI. Aqy keI mShUr is`K AwgUAW ƒ swky bwry qwrW Byj ky ^br id`qI sI[ mukwmI ptvwrI qy rylvy dy stySn mwstr ny vI v`K-v`K pwsy qwrW Byj ky ieqlwh id`qI sI[ ienHW ieqlwhW dy bwvjUd fI.sI. cwr Gµty mgroN swFy bwrHW vjy nwnkwxw swihb phuµicAw sI[ au~Qy Aw ky auh fyF-do sO dy krIb is`KW dy kwql mhµq nrYx dws ƒ nwl lY ky gurduAwry dy Aµdr igAw sI[ ies vyly lwSW jl rhIAW sn pr fI.sI. ny aunHW ƒ swVn qoN vI nhIN roikAw sI[ pMj Cy GMty mgroN qkrIbn 2 vjy dupihry iek sb ieµspYktr ny A`g buJweI sI[

20 &rvrI svyry krqwr isµG J`br jQy smyq cµdrkot qoN vwips Krw sOdw jw cu`kw sI[ swky vwly idn 11 vjy auh gurduAwry Krw sOdw ivc bYTw hoieAw sI qW aunHW nUM au~qm isMG nwnkwxw swihb vwilAW dI qwr imlI[ aunHW ny ausy vyly hwzr isµGW ivcoN 40 isµG ipµfW v`l tor id`qy sn qy bwkI 50 isµG lY ky cµdrkot v`l cl pey sn[ Swm qk au~Qy iek hzwr qoN v`D is`K phuµc cu`ky sn[ cµdrkot dy pul kol aunHW ƒ mhµq dw cylw dyvw dws iqµn bµidAW smyq motr ’c B`jw jWdw id`isAw sI aunHW ny aus ƒ au~Qy rok ky kwbU kr ilAw sI[ A`gy jw ky aunHW ny mhµq dw iek hor bµdw sµqw isµh vI n`sx dI koiSS krdw PV ilAw sI[ iKmvwlw ipµf ivc iek muslmwn kwiql ƒ 72 kwrqUsW sxy kwbU kIqw igAw sI[ ie`Qy J`br ƒ fI.sI. dI ilKqI ic`TI imlI sI ijs ivc aunHW ƒ nwnkwxy v`l nw jwx dw hukm jwrI kIqw hoieAw sI, pr is`KW ƒ ies hukm dI pRvwh kIqy ibnW clxw jwrI r`iKAw sI[ nwnkwxw swihb dy bwhr aunHW ƒ s:b: mihqwb isµG GoVy ’qy Aw ky imilAw sI qy disAw sI ik &Oj ny gurduAwry ƒ Gyry ivc ilAw hoieAw hY qy au~Qy nhIN jwxw cwhIdw[ J`br ny ikhw ik AsIN gurduAwry zrUr jwvWgy[ aunHW ikhw ik qusIN kimSnr nwl g`l kr lE, AsIN Enw icr ru`k jWdy hW[ ies ’qy s:b: mihqwb isµG vwips clw igAw Aqy kimSnr ƒ smJwieAw ik is`KW dw hVH Aw jwx mgroN hwlwq kµtrol hyT nhIN Aw skxgy, ies kr ky gurduAwry dw kµtrol SRomxI kmytI ƒ dyxw TIk rhygw[ kuJ hI icr ivc J`br dw jQw vI nwnkwxw phuµc igAw[ &Oj ny aunHW ƒ frw Dmkw ky rokx dI koiSS kIqI sI, pr eynIAW ShIdIAW mgroN mOq dw fr iksy is`K ƒ rok nhIN skdw sI[ &Oj vI hrigz golI clwaux jW iksy hor AYkSn lYx dw ^qrw mu`l lYx vwsqy iqAwr nhIN sI[

is`KW dy roh qoN fridAW srkwr ny nwnkwxw swihb dy 35 iklomItr dy eyrIey qk b`sW qy g`fIAW dI AwvwjweI rok id`qI sI qy nwkwbµdI SurU kr id`qI sI qW jo koeI vI bµdw nwnkwxw swihb nw phuµc sky[ auDroN kimSnr qy fI.AweI.jI. spYSl g`fI lY ky rwq svw nON vjy nwnkwxw swihb phuµcy sn[ aunHW nwl 100 Aµgryz qy 100 BwrqI &OjI vI sn[ aunHW ny Aw ky mhµq, aus dy do swQI qy 26 pTwx igR&qwr kr ky lwhOr Byj id`qy sn[ ies vyly qk swry pwsy is`KW ƒ ieqlwh phuµc cu`kI sI[ hzwrW is`KW ny nwnkwxw swihb v`l cwly pw id`qy sn[

srkwr ny swky bwry byh`d JUT boilAw sI[ srkwr ny pihlW 20 is`KW dy mrn dI ^br id`qI sI[ iPr srkwr ny 67 qy A^Ir 130 is`KW dw kql mµn ilAw sI[ ieµspYktr crn isµG ny 156 is`KW dy kql hox dI irport jwrI kIqI sI[ iek irport muqwibk 168 is`K ShId hoey sn[ ies mOky ’qy i&rkU ihµdU pRYs dw vqIrw bVw GtIAw sI[ aunHW ny ies kqlyAwm ƒ is`KW dw ‘‘AwpsI Pswd’’ qy AwpxI ‘‘JgVw’’, dw nW id`qw sI[ hor qW hor (mhwqmw) gWDI dw pihlw ibAwn vI ieho ijhw hI sI[

is`K AwgUAW ivcoN 6 AwgU 20 qwrI^ rwq ƒ hI kimSnr dy nwl hI nwnkwxw swihb phuµcy sn[ 9 hor is`K AwgU motr rwhIN 21 qwrI^ dI svyr ƒ nwnkwxw swihb phuµc cuky sn[ ienHW ivc hrbµs isµG AtwrI, suµdr isµG rwmgVHIAw, mwstr qwrw isµG, qyjw isµG smuµdrI, kyhr isµG p`tI qy pRo: joD isµG Swiml sn[

21 &rvrI nUM svyry 8 vjy gurduAwry dw drvwzw KoilHAw igAw sI[ Aµdr golIAW dy kwrqUs, p`Qr, ^Un, lwSW dy tukVy qy A`D sVIAW lwSW dI boA Aw rhI sI[ pulIs ny pOxy iqµn sO qoN v`D kwrqUsW dy Kol brwmd kIqy sn[ C`qW auqy roiVAW dy p`QrW dy 24 v`fy Fyr Ajy vI pey hoey sn[

21 &rvrI dupihr qk bhuq swry is`K KyqW rwhIN nwnkwxw swihb ’c phuµc cu`ky sn[ Swm qk hzwrW isµG nwnkwxw swihb ’c iek`Ty ho cu`ky sn[ is`K gurduAwry ’c dw^l hoxw cwhuµdy sn, pr &Oj ny rwh f`ikAw hoieAw sI[ Aijhw jwpdw sI ik sI ik is`KW ƒ bhuqI dyr roikAw nhIN jw skdw sI[ A^Ir mOky dI nzwkq ƒ mihsUs kridAW srkwr ny iek s`q-mYNbrI is`K kmytI ƒ gurduAwry dIAW cwbIAW sONp id`qIAW sn[ ienHW ƒ hor mYNbr koAwpt krn dI iejwzq dy id`qI geI sI[ ies mgroN is`K gurduAwry ivc dw^l hoey sn qy AkwlI AwgUAW dI Arz mµnidAW ShIdW dy drSn krn Aqy m`Qw tykx mgroN CyqI-CyqI bwhr inkldy gey sn[ Agly idn hzwrW is`KW ny nwnkwxw swihb jwxw SurU kr id`qw sI[

22 &rvrI ƒ gvrnr mYklygn, vzIrW qy AYZzYkitv kONsl dy mYNbrW ƒ lY ky nwnkwxy pu`jw sI[ aus ny swkw vyK ky is`KW nwl hmdrdI  dw iezhwr kIqw sI Aqy vwAdw kIqw sI ik mujirmW ƒ b^iSAw nhIN jwvygw[ 23 &rvrI dI Swm ƒ ShIdW dw sskwr kIqw igAw sI[ sskwr vyly hzwrW is`K sµgqW hwizr sn[ swry ShId is`KW dw sskwr ieko jgh iek`Tw hI kIqw igAw sI[

nwnkwxw swihb dy swky mgroN muslmwn AwgUAW ny is`KW nwl BrpUr hmdrdI kIqI sI qy hr qrHW dI mdd krn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ dUjy pwsy kuJ ihµdU AwgUAW ny vI is`KW nwl hmdrdI dw iezhwr kIqw sI, pr bhuq swry ihµdU AwgU qy ihµdU pRYs ny is`KW dy i^lw& zihr vI augilAw sI Aqy nwl hI JUTIAW ^brW vI CwpIAW sn[ ihµdU A^bwrW ‘pRqwp’ qy ‘kysrI’ ny qW ieh vI iliKAw ik nwnkwxw swihb ivc iSvilµg bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy ies dw ieµqzwm ihµdUAW dy hvwly kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ lwlw lwjpq rwey ny AwpxI A^bwr ‘bµdy mwqrm’ ivc vI is`KW dy i^lw& pRcwr kIqw[ (ieh crcw Awm sI ik lwlw lwjpq rwey ny mhµq nrYx dws qoN 3000 rupY lY ky is`KW dy i^lw& bhuq prcwr kIqw sI[) 23 mwrc 1921 ƒ snwqn Drm pRqIinDI sBw pµjwb (lwhOr) ny vI nwnkwxw swihb gurduAwrw kmytI ƒ gurduAwry ivc ihµdU qsvIrW Aqy buq hox bwry ^q ilK ky Aijhw kuJ hI AwiKAw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw hor ihµdU jmwqW ny vI is`KW dy i^lw& hrkqW kIqIAW ijnHW qoN pqw l`gdw sI ik bhuq swry i&rkU ihµdU AµdroN-AµdrI is`KW dy i^lw& sn Aqy kæwql mhµqW nwl hmdrdI r`Kdy sn[

gWDI ny nwnkwxw swihb dy mwmly ivc vI is`KW ƒ glq pwsy v`l toirAw sI[ aus ny nwnkwxw swihb swky sbµDI pVqwl krn vwlI kmytI ivc Swiml hox vwsqy Srq r`KI ik AkwlI dl srkwr nwl nwimlvrqx krn dw AYlwn kry[ ies ’qy AkwlIAW ny 6 mwrc 1921 dy idn srkwr nwl ShIdW dy muk`dmy bwry nw-imlvrqx krn dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ ies dI mu^wl&q krqwr isMG J`br, hrbµs isµG AtwrI qy pRo: joD isµG ny kIqI sI[ nwimlvrqx dw mqw pws hox mgroN ieh AwgU SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI qoN AsqI&y dy gey sn[ dUjy l&zW ivc is`K AwgUAW ivc pihlI &u`t gWDI dI hI dyx sI[

AkwlIAW v`loN nwimlvrqx krn dw mqw 8 mwrc 1921 dI Swm nUM gWDI nUM luiDAwxw ivc iml igAw sI qy AglI svyr nUM aus dy sk`qr ny ies dw jvwb vI dy id`qw sI[ auN\ gWDI jW kWgrs ny nwnkwxw swihb dy swky bwry zrw-mwsw vI rol Adw nhIN kIqw sI[

ies smyN bhuq swry is`K AwgUAW ny nwimlvrqx dy mqy dI mu^wl&q kIqI sI[ ‘nwXk’ A^bwr ny 15 mwrc nUM ies dy nqIijAW bwry ^brdwr vI kIqw sI[ pr SRomxI kmytI ’qy kwbz DVy ny aunHW dI prvwh nhIN kIqI sI (ijs dw ^imAwzw bwAd ivc Bugqxw ipAw sI)[

mhµq nrYx dws dw mukdmw 5 ApRYl 1921 ƒ SurU hoieAw sI[ mhMq ny Awpxy eyjMtW rwhIN gvwhW nUM coKIAW rkmW dI pySkS kIqI sI pr iPr vI auh bhuqy gvwh mukrvw nhIN sikAw sI[ mhMq dw iek swQI jogI hrI nwQ iekbwlIAw ho igAw sI qy 3 Agsq 1921 nUM aus ny iekbwlIAw ibAwn dy ky swrI q&sIl ds id`qI sI[

aus ny d`isAw ik kqlyAwm ivc mhMq dy 30-40 bMdy Swiml sn[ irhwnw qy rWJw bdmwS kMD ’qy cVH ky golIAW clwauNdy rhy sn[ lwl dws, gomI, gurmuK dws, ipAwrw dws qy 6-7 pTwx vI hiQAwrW nwl Aw gey sn[ Bwg isMG, AmlI qy jgn nwQ ipsqOlW PV ky cVH Awey sn[ ivswKw isMG vI bMdUk lY ky Aw igAw sI[ mhMq BUsly rMg dI GoVI ’qy svwr sI[ mhMq dy kihx ’qy is`KW dw kql SurU ho igAw sI[ eyny ivc kuJ hor is`K vI gurduAwry AwauNdy id`sy sn[ mhMq ny hukm id`qw ik ienHW nUM vI mwr idE[ jd bwhr vwly swry is`K mwr id`qy gey qW cOKMfI ivc ivc luky hoey is`KW nUM drvwzy dIAW morIAW ivcoN golIAW clw ky mwr id`qw igAw sI[ iek bwrW swl dy b`cy nUM C`f ky swry is`K mwr id`qy gey sn[ iPr ienHW dIAW lwSW Aqy z^mIAW nUM DUh ky swVn vwsqy ilAWdw igAw sI[ z^mIAW nUM pTwx qy Awqmw rwm ny Jt v`F su`itAw sI[ bldI A`g ivcoN cwr is`K auT ky inkly sn[ aunHW nUM CHvIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw igAw sI[

mhMq ny ikhw ik isr& 3 is`KW qy dIAW iek sMq rwm dI lwS C`f ky bwkI swrIAW PUk idE[ 150 lwSW nUM swVn vwsqy l`kVW QoVHIAW sn[ ikrpw rwm, mhMq dw gurBweI qy bwGI rwm bwhr jw ky hor l`kVW lY Awey sn[ ies mgroN mhMq qy bwkI jxy bYT ky Srwb pIx lg pey sn[

aus ny ieh vI d`isAw ik “mhMq dy bMidAW ny keI gvwhW nUM irSvq id`qI sI[ swirAW nUM iek-iek hzwr rupY imly sn[ nwnkwxy dy mukwmI guAwhW nUM 500, 400, 300 rupY imly sn[ iesy kr ky Amr isMG ptvwrI, qIrQ isMG qy gurW id`qw mukr gey sn[ mYN ieh ibAwn pihlW vI dyx l`gw sI, pr mhMq ny myry qrly kIqy qy aus dy vkIl ny vI roikAw sI[ mYN vI soicAw ik jy mYN ibAwn id`qw qW mhMq dy bMdy mYnUM ijaUNidAW nhIN C`fxgy[”

sYSn Adwlq v`loN 12 AkqUbr 1921 ƒ mhµq Aqy aus dy 7 swQIAW ƒ &WsI dI szw suxweI geI sI, 8 nUM aumr kYd, 16 nUM 7 swl dI kYd dI szw id`qI geI sI Aqy 16 nUM brI kIqw igAw sI[ bwAd ivc hweI kort ny 3 mwrc 1922 ƒ mhMq dI &WsI dI szw ƒ aumr kYd ivc bdl id`qw sI, bwkIAW ivcoN isr& 3 nUM &WsI Aqy 2 nUM aumr kYd id`qI sI qy bwkI swirAW nUM brI kr id`qw sI[ ieh sI gory j`j dw ‘iensw&’!

     hweI kort dy ‘iensw&-psµd’ Aµgryz j`j ny iliKAw ik ‘‘mhµq ƒ h`k phuµcdw sI ik auh AwpxI ih&wzq vwsqy kdm auTwvy[ auh inrwsqw Aqy mzlUmIAq dy fUµGy iehsws dw iSkwr ho igAw sI Aqy ieh hYrwnI vwlI g`l nhIN ik aus dw idmwgI qvwzn jWdw irhw sI Aqy aus ny ieho ijhw kwrw kIqw sI[’’ ikhw jWdw hY ik ies j`j ny mhµq qoN coKI v`fI irSvq leI sI[ mhMq ny bhuqI kYd id`lI dI jylH ivc AMgryz kYdIAW dI bYrk ivc aunHW dy nwl k`tI, ij`Qy aus nUM AMgryzW vwlIAW swrIAW shUlqW hwisl sn[

bwAd ivc 1930 qoN mgroN mhµq nrYxU irhw ho igAw sI Aqy jlMDr izlHy ivc Awdmpur dy nyVy iksy ipMf ivc irhw sI Aqy is`KW dy swhmxy dndnWdw iPrdw irhw sI, pr ies ƒ ies dy zulmW dI szw dyx vwsqy iksy Bgq isµG jW aUDm isµG dw m`Qw nhIN TxikAw sI)[

 

hor vyKo: nrYxU, mhMq

nwnk m`qw

 auqrwKMf sUby ivc, izlHw aUDm isMG ngr dI qihsIl isqwrgMj dw iek ipMf (rudrpur qoN 55, isqwrgMj qoN 12 iklomItr dUr), jo hux iek ksbw bx cukw hY[ ies gurduAwry vwsqy zmIn nvwb mihdI AlI ^wn ny id`qI sI[ sMn 1937 ivc ieh iek in`ky ijhy gurdvwry vjoN SurU hoieAw sI, hux ieh bhuq v`fw gurduAwrw bx cukw hY[ ies dy nwl iek sO qoN vD kmirAW vwlI  srW vI bxI hoeI hY[ gurU nwnk swihb dy purb ’qy ie`Qy swry au~qrwKMf Aqy au~qr pRdyS qoN hzwrW lok iek`Ty huMdy hn[ Awm idnW ivc vI XwqrU lok ie`Qy AwauNdy rihMdy hn[ rITw swihb jwx vwly lok vI rwq ie`Qy ruk ky Agly idn phwVI s&r SurU krdy hn[

     nwnkm`qw dw pihlw nW gorK m`qw sI[ ieh ipMf gorK nwQ jogI dy cyilAW dw iek v`fw sYNtr sI[ ies dw nW gorK mT qoN gorK m`qw bixAw hovygw[ gorK mqw’ qoN ‘nwnk mqw’ audoN bixAw sI jd gurU hirgoibMd sMn 1634 ivc ie`Qy Awey sn)[

     gurUU nwnk swihb gorK m`qw ivc sqMbr 1508 ivc pu`jy sn[ Awp hrduAwr, kotduAwr , pOVI, sRIngr, rudr pRXwg, krn pRXwg, bwgySvr, AlmoVw Aqy cOVw ip`qw (rITw swihb vwlw ipMf) qoN huMdy hoey gorKm`qw phuMcy sn (rITw swihb qoN nwnkm`qw phwVW ivcoN pYdl Awauxw hovyy qW isr& 50 iklomItr hY, pr sVk rwhIN 185 iklomItr rsqw bxdw hY) [ ie`Qy gurU swihb iek-do rwqW Tihry sn[ ie`Qy jogIAW ny gurU swihb ƒ A`g dI DUxI Aqy pIx vwsqy pwxI dyx qoN nWh kr idqI sI[ gurU swihb ny p`QrW dy rgVwA nwl Awp A`g bwlI sI Aqy kuJ dUr mOjUdw bwaulI ivcoN pwxI ilAWdw sI (ieh bwaulI A`j vI au~Qy, gurduAwry dy nyVy hI,  mOjUd hY)[ ies bwaulI dy  nyVy Aj klH iek fYm “nwnk swgr” bixAw hoieAw hY[ ies fYm dw muhwxw nwnk m`qw qoN isr& iqMn iklomItr dUr hY (pr ies fYm dI JIl dw iek isrw gurduAwry dy ip`Cy puj jWdw hY)[

ies jgh ’qy jogIAW ny gurU swihb nwl rUhwnIAq dy nukiqAW ’qy ivcwr kIqI sI[ aunHW ikhw sI ik kMn ivc muMdrW pwaux, iKMQw, isM|I, fMfw h`Q ivc r`K ky, mMg-ipMn ky Kwxw qy DUxIAW jgw ky AKOqI qp krnw jog nhIN; jog qW ies dunIAW ivc rih ky mwieAw dI kwl^ qoN bcxw hY[ pihly idn qW jogI gurU jI qoN bhuq AOKy hoey sn Aqy aunHW nUM burw Blw vI ikhw sI; pr Agly idn jogI gurU swihb dIAW dlIlW A`gy lwjvwb ho gey sn[ Awi^r jogIAW ny hwr mMn leI sI[ jogIAW nwl kIqI crcw bwry iek Sbd gurU gRMQ swihb ivc imldw hY:

jogu n iKMQw jogu n fMfY jogu n Bsm cVweIAY] jogu n muMdI mUMif mufwieAY jogu n isM|I vweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] glI jogu n hoeI]  eyk idRsit kir smsir jwxY jogI khIAY soeI] jogu n bwhir mVI mswxI jogu n qwVI lweIAY]  jogu n dyis idsMqir BivAY jogu n qIriQ nweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] siqgurU BytY qw shsw qUtY Dwvqu vrij rhweIAY] inJru JrY shj Duin lwgY Gr hI prcw pweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY] nwnk jIviqAw mir rhIAY AYsw jogu kmweIAY] vwjy bwJhu isM|I vwjY qau inrBau pdu pweIAY] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq qau pweIAY] (gurU gRMQ swihb, s&w 730).

nwnk m`qw ivc gurU nwnk swihb iek ip`pl dy dr^q hyTW bYTy sn, auh ip`pl hux ^qm ho cukw hY, pr aus dI jgh ’qy kuJ nvIAW Sw^wvW aug peIAW hn[ kuJ bysmJ lok ies ip`pl nUM vI m`Qw tyk dyNdy hn[ nwnkm`qw ivc iek gurduAwrw ‘du`D vwlw KUh’ vI bxwieAw hoieAw hY ijs nwl gurU swihb dI pwxI nUM du`D bxwaux dI krwmwq dI kwlpink khwxI vI GV leI hoeI hY.

 

nwnk m`qw dw purwxw ip`pl

nlUCI

 kSmIr ivc izlHw muz&rwbwd ivc (muz&rwbwd qoN 3 iklomItr dUr) iek ngr ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb sMn 1620 ivc gey sn[ iek kwlpink khwxI muqwibk gurU jI ny ie`Qy Awpxw brCw DrqI ivc mwr ky pwxI dw cSmw clwieAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies gurduAwry dy nW swlwnw 3000 rupY dI jwgIr lweI hoeI sI, jo is`K rwj ^qm hox mgroN pujwrI vyc ky Kw gey sn[ hux auh gurduAwrw mOjUd nhIN hY[ sMn 1947 ivc ie`Qy bhuq swry is`K rihMdy sn[ pwiksqwn bxn ip`CoN jdoN aunHW nUM muslmwnW v`loN hox vwly dy hmly dw pqw l`gw sI qW swry is`K gurduAwry ivc iek`Ty ho gey sn[ pwiksqwnI &Oj Aqy kbwielIAW ny swry pwisEN Gyrw pw ilAw sI Aqy golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW sn[ jgqwr isMG, srn isMG Aqy igAwnI aujwgr isMG dI AgvweI hyT 400 is`KW ny mukwblw kIqw sI[ iqMn idn lVweI cldI rhI sI, pr pwiksqwnI &Oj Aqy kbwielIAW dI igxqI bhuq sI Aqy is`KW kol Aslw vI QoVHw sI; A^Ir auh swry mwry gey sn.

 

nlUCI gurduAwry dI 1932 dI qsvIr