kSmIr ivc puxC ngr dy nyVy iek ipMf ij`Qy gurU hirgoibMd swihb Awpxy kSmIr dOry dOrwn gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd gurduAwrw nMgwlI swihb bxwieAw igAw sI[ ies dI pihlI iemwrq sMn ivc 1803 rocw isMG ny bxweI sI[ sMn 1814 ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG au~QoN lMiGAw sI[ aus ny ies gurduAwry dy nW bhuq swrI zmIn luAw id`qI sI qy nvIN iemwrq bxwaux vwsqy pYsy vI id`qy sn[ sMn 1947 ivc kbwielI muslmwnW ny ies iemwrq nU qbwh kr id`qw sI; mgroN sMgqW ny ies dI nvI iemwrq bxw leI sI.
nMgwlI gurduAwrw (nyVy dw idRS)
nMgwlI gurduAwrw (dUr dw idRS)