Kashi, Benaras, Varanasi

kwSI (bnwrs, vwrwnsI)

(vwrwnsI) au~qr pRdyS ivc gMgw ndI dy K`by kMFy ’qy v`isAw hoieAw iek ngr, ijs dw nW bnwrs vI irhw hY qy hux vwrwnsI hY[ ieh Alwhwbwd (pRXwg) qoN 121 qy lKnaU qoN 320 iklomItr dUr hY[ ihMdUAW dy s`q piv`qr QWvW (spq purI) ivcoN iek hY[ ies nUM imQhwsk dyvqy iSv nwl sbMDq hox kr ky iSvpurI vI kihMdy hn[ AOrMgzyb ny ies ngr dw nW muhMmdwbwd r`K id`qw sI, jo c`ilAw nhIN[ 82 mur`bw iklomItr ivc PYly ies ngr dI AwbwdI 12 l`K qy mYtro Sihr dI AwbwdI 15 l`K dy krIb hY[

iek iek pRwcIn ngr hY[ KudweI krn ‘qy ies QW qoN 800 qoN 1800 purwxw kwl dy vyly dIAW inSwnIAW imlIAW hn[ ies dw mqlb ieh hY ik ieh ngr keI vwr v`isAw Aqy aujiVAw hovygw[ bu`D vyly ieh ngr koSwl dyS dw ih`sw sI (swrnwQ ies ngr qoN isr& 10 iklomItr dUr hY)[ 635 ivc cInI XwqrI ihaUn sWg ie`Qy AwieAw sI[ aus muqwibk ieh ngr 5 iklomItr dy rkby ivc PYilAw hoieAw sI[ aus muqwibk audoN ie`Qy 30 mMdr qy 30 pujwrI sn[ mOrIAw kwl vyly ieh tYkslw qoN pwtlIpuqr jwx vwly muK mwrg ivc AwauNdw sI[ATvIN sdI ivc Aid SMkr ny ie`Qy imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dI pUjw SurU krvweI sI[ muZl kwl vyly kwSI dw inzwm kwSI dw rwjw ‘kwSI nryS’ clwauNdw sI[ Akbr ny jd dIny ielwhI SurU kIqw qW aus ny ie`Qy do mMdr (iSv qy ivSnU dy nW ‘qy) bxvwey sn[ AOrMgzyb ny keI mMdr Fuhw ky auQy msIqW bxvweIAW sn[ pr aus dI moq mgroN ies ngr ‘qy ihMdUAW dw hI rwj ho igAw[ 1737 ivc ies dw inzwm ‘kwSI nryS’ nUM srkwrI drjw hwisl ho igAw sI jo 1947 qk cldw irhw sI[ pr Ajy vI ihMdU lok ‘kwSI nryS’ dI bhuq iezq krdy hn[

1791 ivc lwrf vwrn hysitMg vyly ie`Qy sMsikRq kwlj bxwieAw igAw sI[ 1910 ivc AMgryzW ny ies nUM iek sUbw bxw ky rwmngr nUM ies dI rwjDwnI bxw id`qw sI[ 1916 ivc ie`Qy bnwrs ihMdU XUnIvristI kwiem hoeI sI[

iek AMdwzy muqwibk kwSI ivc 23 hzwr mMdr hn[ sB qoN v`fw qy Aihm mMdr imQhwsk dyvqy iSv dw ivSvnwQ mMdr hY[ 12 joiqrilMgW ivcoN iek ies QW ’qy siQq hY[ ies mMdr dI Asl QW igAwnvpI msIq sI (vyKo: qsvIr) ieh msIq pRwcIn mMdr nUM Fwh ky AOrMgzyb ny bxvweI sI[ mgroN 1780 ivc holkr rwxI AhilAw bweI ny mOjUdw ivSvnwQ mMdr bxvwieAw sI[ ies ’qy l`gw swrw 36 mx sonw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny id`qw sI)[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`Qy hnUmwn dw sMkt mocn mMdr, durgw mMdr Aqy prSvnwQ jYn mMdr vI Aihm mMdr hn[ 1750 ivc kwSI nryS blvMq isMh dw bxwieAw rwmngr iklHw vI ie`QoN dIAW purwxIAW iemwrqW ivc Swiml hY[ kwSI ivc gMgw ndI ’qy bhuq swry Gwt hn, ijnHW ivcoN muK dSvmyD Gwt (ivSvnwQ mMdr dy nwl), pMcgMgw Gwt, hirScMdr Gwt, mxIkrixkw Gwt, jYn Gwt (bcrj Gwt) hn (ij`Qy lok muridAW dw sskwr krdy hn)[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy Gwt isMDIAw, holkr, BONsly Aqy pySvw hkUmqW dOrwn bxy sn[

kwSI ivc 15 msIqW hn, ijnHW ivcoN Aihm hn: AOrMgzyb dIAW bxvweIAW igAwnvpI msIq jo 1664 ivc bxI sI qy AwlmgIrI msIq jo ies qoN kuJ mgroN bxI sI[ kwsI ivc rivdws qy kbIr dy jnm AsQwn ‘qy vI XwdgwrW bxIAW hoeIAW hn[ AwpxI pihlI audwsI dOrwn gurU nwnk swihb vI kwSI Awey sn[ ie`Qy aunHW dy gMgw dirAw dy kMFy ’qy dyv Gwt vwlI jgh ’qy lokW nUM s`cy Drm dw aupdyS id`qw sI (ie`Qy gurU jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI; hux aus QW ’qy iek audwsI pRvwr dw kbzw hY)[ gurU nwnk swihb Bgq kbIr qy Bgq rivdws nUM imlx vI gey sn[ lksw bwZ ivc gurU nwnk swihb dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw ‘gurU dw bwZ’ bixAw hoieAw hY[ ptnw qoN pMjwb AwauNdy hoey gurU qyZ bhwdr jI qy gurU goibMd isMG jI vI kwSI ivc ruky sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw bVI sMgq bixAw hoieAw hY (aunHW dw colw qy joVy vI ie`Qy r`Ky hoey hn).

ivSvnwQ mMdr dI purwxI qsvIr