Kangrha
kWgVw
ihmWcl pRdyS ivc iek pRwcIn ngr jo kdy iek irAwsq/mulk dI rwjDwnI hoieAw krdw sI[ kdy ies irAwsq dI hkUmq kWgVw qoN mulqwn qk sI[ ieh dyvI dIAW 51 SkqIpITW ivcoN iek hY[ mukwmI irvwieq muqwibk kWgVw nUM BImkot, ngrkot, ktoc, jlMDr qy iqRgq nwvW nwl vI jwixAw jWdw irhw sI[ auh ies nUM 4300 (purwxw kwl) dI irAwsq mMndy hn[ aunHW muqwibk 3000 purwxw kwl ivc ie`QoN dy ktoc rwjy BUmIcMd ny AXuiDAw dy rwjy rwm (ihMdU dyvqw) nwl zbrdsq t`kr leI sI; Aqy 1500 purwxw kwl ivc rwjw susrm cMd (mhWBwrq kwl dy) pWfv rwijAW nwl vI lVy sn[ kWgVy dw iklHw susrm cMd hI bxwieAw sI[ aunHW dw dwAvw hY ik auh iskMdr nwl vI lVy sn[ sMn 275 purwxw kwl ivc mhwrwjw ASok ny aunHW nUM hrw ky mulqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI[
ies irAwsq dI qvwrI^ 12vIN sdI qoN iml jWdI hY[ 1170 ivc kWgVw dys dy do ih`sy (kWgVw qy jsvwn) ho gey sn[ ies mgroN mihmUd ZznvI ny ienHW qoN jlMDr Koh ilAw sI[ 1405 ivc gulyr (hrIpur) ies qoN v`K ho ky Awzwd irAwsq bx igAw[ 1450 ivc gulyr ivcoN sIbw nvIN irAwsq bx geI sI[
Akbr vyly ienHW ny aus dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI sI[ 1620 qoN 1783 qk ieh irAwsq muZlW dI srpRsqI hyT rhI sI[ iesy kr ky ie`QoN dw rwjw is`KW nwl ZYrswlI vI rKdw sI[ 1687 ivc audY rwm cMd kWgVw dw rwjw sI[ rwjw audY rwm cMd (mOq 1690) dy iqMn pu`qr sn: BIm cMd, ikrpwl cMd qy iek hor sn[audY rwm cMd qoN mgroN BIm cMd 1690-97 rwjw bixAw[ (aus dw Brw kMvr ikrpwl cMd 20 &rvrI 1696 gulyr dI lVweI ivc is`KW h`QoN mirAw sI)[
BIm cMd dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr Awlm cMd 1697 ivc rwjw bixAw[ iek vwr (12 julweI 1698 dy idn) gurU goibMd isMG swihb kuJ isMGW nUM nwl lY ky nyVy dy phwVI jMgl ivc iSkwr krn gey[ ies mOky ’qy aunHw dw twkrw kWgVy dy audoN dy rwjy Awlm cMd ktoc Aqy aus dy jrnYl blIAw cMd ktoc nwl ho igAw[ ktocW v`loN gurU swihb ’qy hmlw kIqy jwx ’qy BweI audY isMG qy BweI Awlm isMG ny vI qlvwrW sUq leIAW[ dohW pwisEN zbrdsq lVweI SurU ho geI[ ienHW JVpW dOrwn BweI audY isMG h`QoN blIAw cMd dI iek bWh v`FI geI[ Awlm cMd ktoc vI burI qrHW z^mI ho igAw[fyF swl mgroN (sMn 1700 ivc) ienHW z^mW kwrn Awlm cMd dI mOq ho geI[ Awlm cMd dy do pu`qr sn: hmIr cMd qy gMBIr cMd[ hmIr cMd ny 1700 qoN 1747 qk rwj kIqw (hmIrpur aus ny hI vswieAw sI)[ hmIr cMd ny bMdw isMG bhwdr dy i^lw& jMg ivc muZlW dw ft ky swQ id`qw sI[hmIr cMd dy iqMn pu`qr sn: ABY cMd (rwj 1747-1750), mIAW qy GmMf cMd[ ABY cMd ny ABY cMd 1747 qoN 1750 qk rwj kIqw[
aus dy mrn ’qy 1751 ivc GmMf cMd kWgVw dw rwjw bixAw[ ies ny pihlW muZlW Aqy iPr Aihmd Swh du`rwnI dI ZulwmI kbUl kr leI[Aihmd Swh ny AkqUbr 1759 ivc ies nUM jlMDr dw inzwm (nwieb sUbydwr) bxwieAw sI[ prieh is`KW qoN burI qrHW frdw sI, ies kr ky ies ny aunHW nwl t`kr nw leI[ 1774 ivc ies dI mOq hoeI[ies mgroN ies dw pu`qr qyZ cMd (jnm 1745) rwjw bixAw[
aus dI mOq bhuq CyqI ho geI Aqy 1775 ivc nwbwlg sMswr cMd (jnm 1765) rwjw bixAw[ ies ny ^ud nUM ‘nryS’ qy ‘CqrpqI’ kihxw SurU kIqw[ies dI mOq dsMbr 1823 ivc hoeI[sMswr cMd dy cwr ivAwh sn[ 1783 ivc sMswr cMd ny kn`eIAw imsl dI mdd nwl muZlW dy i^lw& bZwvq kr ky kWgVy qoN aunHW dI srdwrI ^qm kIqI sI[ ies mgroN 1806 ivc aus nUM goriKAW dy hmly dw swhmxw krnw ipAw[ hux aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN mdd mMgI[ 1809 dy Aihdnwmy muqwibk aus ny rxjIq isMG dI srdwrI kbUl kr leI[
sMswr cMd dI mOq mgroN aus dw pu`qr Ainru`D rwjw bixAw[AinruD sukyq dy rwjy dI kuVI pRsMnw dyv dI ku`K qoN sI)[ sMswr cMd dI cOQI pqnI gulwb dwsI g`dW sI, ijs qoN do DIAW sn)[ sMn 1828 ivc jd kWgVy dw nvW rwjw Ainru`D cMd AwpxI mW qy dovW BYxW nwl &qih isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy pu`qr inhwl isMG dy ivAwh ivc Swiml hox vwsqy AwieAw qW iDAwn isMh fogrw ny koiSS kIqI ik aus dy pu`qr hIrw isMh dw ivAwh kWgVy dy rwjy AnruD cMd dI mqryeI BYx (sMswr cMd dI DI) nwl ho jwvy[ pr kWgVy dy rwjy ies fogrw prvwr nUM ‘nwjwiez’ AOlwdW mMndy sn Aqy Awpxy qoN bhuq hI nIvW smJdy sn[ pr aunHW nUM rxjIq isMG qoN fr lgdw sI[ ies kr ky is`Dw nWh krn dI bjwie kuVIAW dI mW dovW DIAW nUM nwl lY ky rxjIq isMG dy ielwky ivcoN B`j ky AMgryzI ielwky ivc clI geI[ ies g`l nUMM mW ny idl nUM lw ilAw qy auh kuJ hI idnW ivc idl dy dOry nwl mr geI[ auDr rxjIq isMG ny AinruD cMd nUM AwpxIAW BYxW moV ilAwaux vwsqy ikhw[ auh aunHW nUM ilAwaux dy bhwny AMgryzI ielwky v`l igAw pr muV ky nw AwieAw[ auh hrduAwr ivc irhw Aqy kuJ smW bImwr hox mgroN mr igAw[
hux rxjIq isMG ny sMswr cMd dy nwjwiez pu`qrW ivcoN iek nUM kWgVy dw rwjw bxw id`qw pr nwl hI bdlw lYx vwsqy sMswr cMd dIAW dohW DIAW (jo aus dy poqry dI aumr dIAW sn) nUM Awp (jbrI) ivAwh ilAw {mihqwb dyvI (jo rxjIq isMG dI mOq ’qy 28 jUn 1839 dy idn sqI hoeI sI) qy bMso dyvI (ijs ny 1835 ivc ^udkuSI kr leI sI)}.
1846 dI lVweI mgroN AMgryzW ny, ivc rxjIq isMG dI hkUmq ivcoN jlMDr duAwb ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ies kbzy mgroN kWgVw irAwsq AMgryzW dI srdwrI hyT Aw geI[ 1947 qoN mgroN ieh pMjwb dw ih`sw bxI qy 1966 ivc ies nUM ihmWcl ivc Swiml kr id`qw igAw[
kWgVw dw iklHw
kWgVw dy iklHy vwlI phwVI
kWgVw dy iklHy dw muK duAwr
kWgVw ivc gurU nwnk swihb vI Awey sn[ auh hrIpur/gulyr qoN (39 iklomItr dUr) kWgVw pujy sn[ iek rwq rihx mgroN gurU jI kIVgrwm (hux bYjnwQ) nUM cly gey sn[ kWgVw jW bYjnwQ ivc gurU jI dI Xwd ivc koeI gurduAwrw nhIN hY
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)