Kabul river & Kabul city
kwbul dirAw
iek dirAw jo A&Zwisqwn ivcoN SurU huMdw hY Aqy pwiksqwn qk vgdw hY[ ieh dirAw A&Zwinsqwn ivc ihMdUkuS phwV dI sMglK Dwrw ivcoN inkldw hY Aqy pwiksqwn dy sUbw ^Ybr p^qUnvw ivc dwi^l huMdw hY Aqy ipSwvr qy nOSihrw ivcoN lMMGdw hoieAw 700 iklomItr dw s&r qYA kr ky Atk dy nyVy isMD dirAw ivc jw ifgdw hY[ rsqy ivc ies dirAw ivcoN logwr, pMjSIr, AilMgwr, kunwr, bwrw, klpwnI qy svwq ndIAW inkldIAW hn[ kwbul ngr ies dirAw dy dohW kMiFAW ‘qy Awbwd hY; pr hux ies ngr ivcoN lMGdy dirAw ivc pwxI nhIN huMdw (vyKo: qsvIr):
kwbul ngr
A&Zwinsqwn mulk dI rwjDwnI (ies dw nW kwbul dirAw dy kMFy ’qy vsy hox qoN ipAw sI)[ kwbul iek pRwcn ngr hY[ irgvyd Aqy PwrsIAW dI ikqwn Avysqw ivc ies ngr dw izkr imldw hY[ 330 purwnw kwl ivc vI ieh ngr bhuq v`fw qy ^uShwl sI[ pihlW pwrsIAW qy iPr ieh ieh bu`D Drm dw bhuq v`fw kyNdr sI[ ies mgroN iskMdr ny ies ’qy kbzw kIqw[ aus dI mOq mgroN ies ngr ’qy iskMdr dy jrnYl sYilaUks qy iPr mOrIAw ^wndwn dI hkUmq rhI[ ies mgroN bYktrIAn, sIQIAn, kuSwn rwjy Awid vI ies dy hwkm rhy[
642 ivc ies ’qy muslmwnW dw kbzw ho igAw[ ies mgroN ZznvI, ZOrI, KljI, mMgol, durwnI ies dy hwkm rhy[ ie`QoN ieh swry hwkm ihMd ’qy (Xwin isMD dirAw qoN pwr) hmly krn jWdy rhy qy ATwrHvIN sdI qk ihMd dy bhuqy ih`sy dy hwkm rhy[ 1747 qoN mgroN ieh isr& du`rwnIAW dy kbzy hyT irhw[ 1776 ivc qYmUr vyly kMDwr dI jgHw ieh A&Zwinsqwn dI rwjDwnI bx igAw[ qYmUr dI mOq (1793) mgroN aus dw pu`qr zmwn Swh ies dw hwkm bixAw[
1826 ivc dosq muhMmd ^wn ny Sujwh Swh qoN ies dI hkUmq Koh leI pr 1839 ivc AMgryzW dI mdd nwl Sujwh Swh iPr ies dw hwkm bx igAw[ 1845 ivc dosq muhMmd ^wn iPr ies ’qy kwbz ho igAw[ 1879 ivc AMgryzW ny ies ‘qy hmlw kIqw pr auh A&Zwinssqwn dy hwkm nw bx sky[
24 dsMbr 1979 dy idn rUs ny A&Zwinsqwn ’qy kbzw kr ilAw jo 1992 qk irhw[ ies mgroN qwilbwn ny A&Zwinsqwn ivc dbdbw kwiem kIqw jo 2001 qk jwrI irhw[ iPr AmrIkw ny ies ’qy kMtrol krn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies swrw kuJ ny mulk nUM qbwh kr id`qw[ 1979 qoN hI A&Zwinsqwn qbwhI vl cl pey sn, jo Aj vI jwrI hY[
kwbl Sihr dw iek ih`sw
kwbl Sihr dw iek hvweI idRS
sMn 1700 ivc kwbul dI AbwdI ds hzwr sI; 1878 ivc ieh 65 hzwr ho cukI sI; 1940 ivc iek l`K vIh hzwr sI; qy 1978 ivc 5 l`K sI[ pr 1988
ivc ieh vD ky 15 l`K ho geI ikauN ik bwkI ielwky ivc lok B`j ky ie`Qy Aw gey[ ies mgroN vI lokW ny kwbul v`l Awauxw jwrI r`iKAw Aj kwbuL dI AbwdI 45 l`K qoN aupr jw cukI hY[ kwbul nUM 22 izilHAW ivc vMifAw hoieAw hY[ kwbul ivc boDIAW dI sB qoN kImqI Xwdgwr ckrI dI mInwr sI ijs nUM qwilbwn ny 1998 ivc qbwh kr id`qw igAw sI[
gurU nwnk swihb m`kw qoN vwpsI smyN 1519 ivc ies ngr ivc gey sn[ aunHW dI Xwd ivc cOk pwn ju`bw ivc iek gurduAwrw bixAw hoieAw sI[ A&Zwinsqwn dI srkwr ny sVk bxwaux smy aus nUM Fwh id`qw sI[ mgroN is`KW ny ies dy nzdIk iek nvW gurduAwrw bxwieAw sI[ 1979 ivc rUs dw hmlw hox dy smyN qk kwbul ivc hzwrW is`K vsdy sn qy ngr ivc bhuq swry gurduAwry sn; pr, pihlW rUsIAW dy zulm Aqy iPr qwilbwnW dI dihSqgrdI kwrn hux ies ngr ivc isr& nW-mwqr is`K hI bcy hn[ ngr dw muK gurduAwrw isMG sBw ‘krqy pRvwn’ hY.
gurduAwrw krqy pRvwn
AMdrUnI v`fw hwl jo hux qkrIbn ^wlI rihMdw hY
(fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr)