izlHw mlyrkotlw (pihloN izlHw sMgrUr) dw iek ipMf (mlyrkotlw-nwBw mwrg ’qy, mlyrkotlw qoN 18 iklomItr dUr) , ijhVw BwrI rUpcMd dI kul dy BweI godVIAw dy smyN qoN ies kul dy lokW dw j`dI ipMf hY[ BweI godVIAw (pu`qr idAwl isMG qy poqw Drm isMG) BweI rUp cMd dw pVpoqw sI (aus dw nW gu`dV isMG iliKAw vI imldw hY)[ BweI godVIAw Awpxy ipqw idAwl isMG kol ipMf kWgV dy nyVy bxy fyry ivc rih ky is`KI dw pRcwr kirAw krdw sI (mgrN ie`Qy iek ipMf vs igAw sI, ijs dw nW idAwl isMG dy nW ’qy ‘idAwlpurw BweI kw’ bx igAw sI)[ mhwrwjw Awlw isMG dy smyN (sMn 1765 dy krIb) gud`V isMG ies idAwlpurw qoN bwgVIAW ipMf ivc Aw igAw sI[ PUlkIAW ^wndwn dy rwjy BweI rUp cMd pirvwr dI bhuq ie`zq kirAw krdy sn Aqy ienHW dy muKIAW nUM Dwrimk kwrjW ivc AgvweI krn (iek qrHw nwl puroihq dI syvw inBwaux) vwsqy bulwieAw krdy sn[ mhwrwj gjpq isMG dy Gr bytI pYdw hox mgroN aus nUM GVy ivc pw ky d`b ky ^qm kIqy jwx dI koiSS qoN bcwaux dI khwxI ivc ies pirvwr dy gu`dV isMG dy Xogdwn dw izkr AwauNdw hY[
gu`dV isMG Aqy aunHW dI pqnI mweI r`jI dI koeI sMqwn nhIN sI[ aus dw muqbMnw bIr isMG Aqy aus qoN mgroN aus dw pu`qr hrdws isMG, aus mgroN aus dw pu`qr mohr isMG (mOq sMn 1819), aus dw muqbMnw bhwdr isMG, aus dw pu`qr sMpUrn isMG, aus dw pu`qr nwrwiex isMG; aus dw muqbMnw Arjn isMG, aus dw pu`qr Ardmn isMG, aus dw v`fw pu`qr hirDn isMG ies g`dI nwl sbMDq rhy sn[hirDn isMG dy clwxw kr jwx (29.11.1994) mgroN aus dw pu`qr juJwr isMG Aqy aus (hirDn isMG) dy Brw ASok isMG Aqy iskMdr isMG ies syvw nUM jwrI r`K rhy hn; pr hux ies pirvwr nwl sbMDq lokW ivcoN koeI vI ipMf bwgVIAW ivc nhIN rihMdw hwlWik auh ‘bwgVIAW g`dI’ dy syvwdwr zrUr AKvwauNdy hn[ bwgVIAW ivc iek g`dI vwlw Gr (bwgVIAW hvylI) Aqy mweI r`jI dw gurduAwrw A`j vI XwdgwrI AihmIAq rKdy hn.
bwgVIAW hvylI
mweI r`jI dw gurduAwrw